1
|
Sornambigai M, Bouffier L, Sojic N, Kumar SS. Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II) complex as a universal reagent for the fabrication of heterogeneous electrochemiluminescence platforms and its recent analytical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:5875-5898. [PMID: 37507465 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has received enormous attention and has emerged as one of the most successful tools in the field of analytical science. Compared with homogeneous ECL, the heterogeneous (or solid-state) ECL has enhanced the rate of the electron transfer kinetics and offers rapid response time, which is highly beneficial in point-of-care and clinical applications. In ECL, the luminophore is the key element, which dictates the overall performance of the ECL-based sensors in various analytical applications. Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium (II) complex, Ru(bpy)32+, is a coordination compound, which is the gold-standard luminophore in ECL. It has played a key role in translating ECL from a "laboratory curiosity" to a commercial analytical instrument for diagnosis. The aim of the present review is to provide the principles of ECL and classical reaction mechanisms-particularly involving the heterogeneous Ru(bpy)32+/co-reactant ECL systems, as well as the fabrication methods and its importance over solution-phase Ru(bpy)32+ ECL. Then, we discussed the emerging technology in solid-state Ru(bpy)32+ ECL-sensing platforms and their recent potential analytical applications such as in immunoassay sensors, DNA sensors, aptasensors, bio-imaging, latent fingerprint detection, point-of-care testing, and detection of non-biomolecules. Finally, we also briefly cover the recent advances in solid-state Ru(bpy)32+ ECL coupled with the hyphenated techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathavan Sornambigai
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI) Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Laurent Bouffier
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France
| | - Neso Sojic
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, ISM, UMR 5255, F-33400, Talence, France.
| | - Shanmugam Senthil Kumar
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI) Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, 630003, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yao J, Li L, Li P, Yang M. Quantum dots: from fluorescence to chemiluminescence, bioluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, and electrochemistry. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:13364-13383. [PMID: 28880034 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05233b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, nanotechnology has become one of the major forces driving basic and applied research. As a novel class of inorganic fluorochromes, research into quantum dots (QDs) has become one of the fastest growing fields of nanotechnology today. QDs are made of a semiconductor material with tunable physical dimensions as well as unique optoelectronic properties, and have attracted multidisciplinary research efforts to further their potential bioanalytical applications. Recently, numerous optical properties of QDs, such as narrow emission band peaks, broad absorption spectra, intense signals, and remarkable resistance to photobleaching, have made them biocompatible and sensitive for biological assays. In this review, we give an overview of these exciting materials and describe their potential, especially in biomolecules analysis, including fluorescence detection, chemiluminescence detection, bioluminescence detection, electrochemiluminescence detection, and electrochemical detection. Finally, conclusions are made, including highlighting some critical challenges remaining and a perspective of how this field can be expected to develop in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Two orders-of-magnitude enhancement in the electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ by vertically ordered silica mesochannels. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 886:48-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
4
|
A novel electrochemiluminescence tetracyclines sensor based on a Ru(bpy)32+-doped silica nanoparticles/Nafion film modified electrode. Talanta 2014; 129:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
5
|
Sun Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence detector based on Ru(bpy)3(2+) immobilized in cation exchange resin for high-performance liquid chromatography: An approach to stable detection. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 116:361-364. [PMID: 23973579 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) detector with improved stability was developed for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detection of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). The detector was prepared by packing cation exchanged resin particles in a glass tube, followed by inserting Pt wires (working electrode) in this tube and sealing. The leakage of Ru(bpy)3(2+) from the resin was compensated by adding a small amount of Ru(bpy)3(2+) in the mobile phase. Factors affected the performance of the proposed ECL detector were investigated. Under the optimal conditions, the ECL intensity has a linear relationship with the concentration of HCTZ in the range of 5.0 × 10(-8) g mL(-1)-2.5 × 10(-5) g mL(-1) and the detection limit was 2.0 × 10(-8) g mL(-1) (S/N=3). Application of the detector to the analysis of HCTZ in human serum proved feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Sun
- Mineral Resources Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Higher Education Institutions, College of Material and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Zhang Z. Nepem-211 ion exchange conductive membrane immobilized tris(2,2´-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) electrogenerated chemiluminescence flow sensor for high-performance liquid chromatography and its application. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 28:474-81. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhujun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an; 710062; China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hassouna M, Adawi A, Ali E. Extractive spectrophotometric determination of chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejfs.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
8
|
Li J, Wang E. Applications of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) in electrochemiluminescence. CHEM REC 2011; 12:177-87. [PMID: 22170737 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)] has received considerable interest over broad applications due to its remarkably high sensitivity and extremely wide dynamic range. After a brief introduction of the ECL of Ru(bpy)(3)(2+), an overview of our recent research on enhanced ECL, fabrication of solid-state ECL sensors, analytical application of an effective bioassay, and alignment of ECL with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and microchip CE is discussed in detail. Finally, we conclude with a look at the future challenges and prospects of the development of ECL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, Zhang Z, Li J, Li H, Chen Y, Liu Z. Simple, stable and sensitive electrogenerated chemiluminescence detector for high-performance liquid chromatography and its application in direct determination of multiple fluoroquinolone residues in milk. Talanta 2011; 84:690-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Huang H, Li J, Zhu JJ. Electrochemiluminescence based on quantum dots and their analytical application. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2011; 3:33-42. [PMID: 32938107 DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00608d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This review presents a general description of the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) related to quantum dots (QDs) and their analytical application. It briefly overviews the synthetic route of quantum dots. The basic mechanisms are given for QDs ECL behavior. Finally, new developments and improvements of its application in inorganic substance analysis, organics analysis, immunoassay and aptasensing assay are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Huang
- Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China.
- Center for Materials Analysis & Testing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China.
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Su M, Liu S. Solid-state electrochemiluminescence analysis with coreactant of the immobilized tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium. Anal Biochem 2010; 402:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Gao L, Fan L, Zhang J. Selective growth of Ag nanodewdrops on Au nanostructures: a new type of bimetallic heterostructure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:11844-11848. [PMID: 19788230 PMCID: PMC2770871 DOI: 10.1021/la901490w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A new type of bimetallic Au-Ag heterostructured material was prepared by a selective growing strategy of a Ag nanodewdrop on the petal tip of a Au flower using an electrochemical method. The whole process was strictly controlled by forming the reactive tip of the flower petal and passivating the facet along the body of the metal petal using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) coating film. The formed Au-Ag heterostructured flowers (HSFs) were observed to be about 2 microm in diameter and have the Ag particles of about 50 nm settled on the tips of Au petals. The Au-Ag HSFs were found to display the superior properties on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The presence of Ag nanodewdrops could also facilitate the oxidation of Ru(bpy)3(2+) complex in electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) measurements and dramatically enhance the emission intensity. The features of Au-Ag HSFs can promise a new type of heterogeneous bimetallic alloy material for the potential applications in chemical and biological sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875
| | - Louzhen Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China, 100875
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhuang Y, Zhang J. Electrochemiluminescence of an electrocatalytic action of etimicin on Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) immobilized in Nafion modified carbon paste electrode. LUMINESCENCE 2009; 25:343-8. [PMID: 19714671 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213022, People's Republic of China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rezaei B, Mokhtari A. Chemiluminescence determination of promazine in human serum and drug formulations using Ru(phen)32+-Ce(IV) system and a chemometrical optimization approach. LUMINESCENCE 2009; 24:183-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
15
|
Bertoncello P, Forster RJ. Nanostructured materials for electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based detection methods: recent advances and future perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:3191-200. [PMID: 19318243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a general picture of the last advances and developments (2003-2008) related to novel nanostructured materials for electrochemiluminescence-based biosensors using. It briefly covers the basic mechanisms of ECL detection, and the recent developments in fabrication of solid-state ECL sensors using nanostructured materials such as carbon nanotubes, metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, thin films of metallopolymers and of inorganic metal complexes. Finally, challenges and perspectives of the use of such materials for biomedical diagnostics are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bertoncello
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform Ireland, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Developments and Applications of Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Sensors Based on Micro- and Nanomaterials. SENSORS 2008; 8:5942-5960. [PMID: 27873850 PMCID: PMC3705540 DOI: 10.3390/s8095942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A variety of recent developments and applications of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) for sensors are described. While tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)-ruthenium(II) and luminol have dominated and continue to pervade the field of ECL-based sensors, recent work has focused on use of these lumophores with micro- and nanomaterials. It has also extended to inherently luminescent nanomaterials, such as quantum dots. Sensor configurations including microelectrode arrays and microfluidics are reviewed and, with the recent trend toward increased use of nanomaterials, special attention has been given to sensors which include thin films, nanoparticles and nanotubes. Applications of ECL labels and examples of label-free sensing that incorporate nanomaterials are also discussed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Qian L, Yang X. One-step immobilization of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) via vapor-surface sol–gel deposition towards solid-state electrochemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 609:210-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
18
|
Idris AM. On-line coupling of solid-phase extraction, derivatization reaction and spectrophotometry by sequential injection analysis: Application to trifluoperazine assay in human urine. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2007; 56:330-5. [PMID: 17897843 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2007.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study deals with a new methodology of on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE), derivatization reaction and spectrophotometric measurement utilizing sequential injection analysis (SIA) technique. The method was applied for the assay of trifluoperazine in human urine. METHODS An SPE procedure was automated to perform sample clean-up, extraction and preconcentration into a homemade microcolumn connected to a SIA manifold. Unlike previous SIA methods, a simple SIA manifold included one syringe pump and one multi-position valve was constructed. This offered simplicity and rapidity to the proposed method (sampling frequency 11 sample h(-1)). Spectrophotometric measurement was based on a fast oxidation of trifluoperazine by Ce(IV) in sulfuric acidic media resulting in a spectrophotometrically detectable chromophore measured at wavelength 500 nm. The SPE procedure was optimized by the univariate method while the derivatization reaction and spectrophotometric measurement were optimized by multivariate methods. RESULTS The method was linear in a range of 70-200 ng ml(-1) and accurate with a recovery of 92.7%. Relative standard deviation of repeatability (n=10 in a day) and intermediate precision (n=5 over a week) did not exceed 4.3% indicating satisfactory precision. The limits of detection and quantification were 18.2 and 55.2 ng ml(-1), respectively. The sensitivity of the method was improved by the preconcentration, the use of extended pathlength in the detection device and the optimization of absorbance measurement. The method is selective in the presence of chlordiazepoxide, which is sometimes taken in combination with trifluoperazine. DISCUSSION The method is suitable for the application of overdose and therapeutic drug monitoring in human urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li M, Lee SH. Determination of trimethylamine in fish by capillary electrophoresis with electrogenerated tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chemiluminescence detection. LUMINESCENCE 2007; 22:588-93. [PMID: 17768717 DOI: 10.1002/bio.1006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A capillary electrophoresis with electrogenerated chemiluminescence (CE-ECL) method for the determination of trimethylamine (TMA) in fish was studied. In the presence of TMA, ECL from the reaction of analyte and in situ generated tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) [Ru(bpy)(3) (3+)] at electrode surface could be produced. The ECL detection was performed using a Pt working electrode biased at 1.23 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) potential in a 10 mmol/L sodium borate buffer solution, pH 9.2, containing 3 mmol/L Ru(bpy)(3) (2+). A linear calibration curve (correlation coefficient = 0.9996) was obtained in the range 8 x 10(-5)-4 x 10(-8) mol/L for TMA concentration. Recoveries obtained were in the range 98.78-101.46%. The method was successfully applied for the assay of TMA in fish, in combination with solid phase extraction (SPE) disks for sample clean-up and enrichment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang L, Xu Z, Sun X, Dong S. A novel alcohol dehydrogenase biosensor based on solid-state electrogenerated chemiluminescence by assembling dehydrogenase to Ru(bpy)32+–Au nanoparticles aggregates. Biosens Bioelectron 2007; 22:1097-100. [PMID: 16815003 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Revised: 03/14/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Based on electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL), a novel method for fabrication of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) biosensor by self-assembling ADH to Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)-AuNPs aggregates (Ru-AuNPs) on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode surface has been developed. Positively charged Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) could be immobilized stably on the electrode surface with negatively charged AuNPs in the form of aggregate via electrostatic interaction. On the other hand, AuNPs are favourable candidates for the immobilization of enzymes because amine groups and cysteine residues in the enzymes are known to bind strongly with AuNPs. Moreover, AuNPs can act as tiny conduction centers to facilitate the transfer of electrons. Such biosensor combined enzymatic selectivity with the sensitivity of ECL detection for quantification of enzyme substrate, and it displayed wide linear range, high sensitivity and good stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kodamatani H, Komatsu Y, Yamazaki S, Saito K. Chemiluminescence Detection of Five-membered Heteroaromatic Compounds Using Electrogenerated Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)-ruthenium(III). ANAL SCI 2007; 23:407-11. [PMID: 17420543 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.23.407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Heteroaromatic compounds, such as 2,5-dimethylthiophene, 2,5-dimethylpyrrole, and 2,5-dimethylfuran, were found to act as reducing agents for the tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(III), Ru(bpy)3(3+), chemiluminescent reaction. In order to characterize the chemiluminescent reaction of Ru(bpy)3(3+) with heteroaromatic compounds, we have investigated various mono-, di-, and tri-heteroaromatic compounds. The pi-electron density and stability of aromatic rings influence the chemiluminescent efficiency of the reaction. Above all, 2,5-dimethylthiophene produced strong chemiluminescence under acidic conditions. In addition, we confirmed that the rate of the chemiluminescent reaction of Ru(bpy)3(3+) with 2,5-dimethylthiophene is very fast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kodamatani
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Song H, Zhang Z, Wang F. Electrochemiluminescent Determination of Chlorphenamine Maleate Based on Ru(bpy) Immobilized in a Nano-Titania/Nafion Membrane. ELECTROANAL 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200603584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
23
|
Zhang L, Xu Z, Dong S. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor based on Ru(bpy)32+ and dehydrogenase immobilized in sol–gel/chitosan/poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) composite material. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 575:52-6. [PMID: 17723571 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2006] [Revised: 05/21/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new electrogenerated chemiluminescence biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing ECL reagent Ru(bpy)3(2+) and alcohol dehydrogenase in sol-gel/chitosan/poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS) organically modified composite material. The component PSS was used to immobilize ECL reagent Ru(bpy)3(2+) by ion-exchange, while the addition of chitosan was to prevent the cracking of conventional sol-gel-derived glasses and provide biocompatible microenvironment for alcohol dehydrogenase. Such biosensor combined enzymatic selectivity with the sensitivity of ECL detection for quantification of enzyme substrate and it was much simpler than previous double-layer design. The detection limit was 9.3 x 10(-6) M for alcohol (S/N=3) with a linear range from 2.79 x 10(-5) to 5.78 x 10(-2) M. With ECL detection, the biosensor exhibited wide linear range, high sensitivity and good stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
This paper critically reviews analytical applications of the chemiluminescence from tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) and related compounds published in the open literature between mid-1998 and October 2005. Following the introduction, which summarises the reaction chemistry and reagent generation, the review divides into three major sections that focus on: (i) the techniques that utilise this type of detection chemistry, (ii) the range of analytes that can be determined, and (iii) analogues and derivatives of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bree A Gorman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|