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Kinani S, Roumiguières A, Bouchonnet S. A Critical Review on Chemical Speciation of Chlorine-Produced Oxidants (CPOs) in Seawater. Part 2: Sampling, Sample Preparation and Non-Chromatographic and Mass Spectrometric-Based Methods. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-20. [PMID: 36288103 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2135984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Chlorination of seawater forms a range of secondary oxidative species, collectively termed "chlorine-produced oxidants" (CPOs). These compounds do not have the same biocidal efficacy, the same fate and behavior in the marine environment, the same potential formation of chlorination by-products (CBPs), nor the same effects on marine organisms. Their chemical speciation is an important step toward an accurate assessment of the effectiveness of chlorination and the potential impacts of its releases, among others. The aim of this paper - which is the second of a trilogy dedicated to the chemical speciation of CPOs in seawater - is to cover all aspects related to CPOs analysis in seawater, from sampling to instrumental determination. First, it discusses the procedures involved in synthesis, storage, and standardization of analytical standards. Second, it deals with sampling and sample preparation, addressing all relevant issues related to these two key steps. Third, it provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the colorimetric, titrimetric, and electrochemical methods used for CPOs determination and thoroughly discusses their advantages and limitations. Finally, this review ends with some recommendations for progress in the field of CPO analysis with the three aforementioned approaches. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric-based methods will be covered in the third and final article (Part III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Kinani
- Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE), Division Recherche et Développement, Electricité de France (EDF), Chatou Cedex, France
| | - Adrien Roumiguières
- Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE), Division Recherche et Développement, Electricité de France (EDF), Chatou Cedex, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Bouchonnet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, CNRS, Institut polytechnique de Paris, Route de Saclay, Palaiseau, France
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Li T, Wang Z, Wang C, Huang J, Zhou M. Chlorination in the pandemic times: The current state of the art for monitoring chlorine residual in water and chlorine exposure in air. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156193. [PMID: 35613644 PMCID: PMC9124365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of chlorine-based disinfectants has surged due to their excellent performance and cost-effectiveness in intercepting the spread of the virus and bacteria in water and air. Many authorities have demanded strict chlorine dosage for disinfection to ensure sufficient chlorine residual for inactivating viruses and bacteria while not posing harmful effects to humans as well as the environment. Reliable chlorine sensing techniques have therefore become the keys to ensure a balance between chlorine disinfection efficiency and disinfection safety. Up to now, there is still a lack of comprehensive review that collates and appraises the recently available techniques from a practical point of view. In this work, we intend to present a detailed overview of the recent advances in monitoring chlorine in both dissolved and gaseous forms aiming to present valuable information in terms of method accuracy, sensitivity, stability, reliability, and applicability, which in turn guides future sensor development. Data on the analytical performance of different techniques and environmental impacts associated with the dominated chemical-based techniques are thus discussed. Finally, this study concludes with highlights of gaps in knowledge and trends for future chlorine sensing development. Due to the increasing use of chlorine in disinfection and chemical synthesis, we believe the information present in this review is a relevant and timely resource for the water treatment industry, healthcare sector, and environmental organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianling Li
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, PR China; Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Zhengguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, PR China
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, PR China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044, PR China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, QLD 4222, Australia.
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Zhang Y, Chen M, Liu C, Chen J, Luo X, Xue Y, Liang Q, Zhou L, Tao Y, Li M, Wang D, Zhou J, Wang J. Sensitive and rapid on-site detection of SARS-CoV-2 using a gold nanoparticle-based high-throughput platform coupled with CRISPR/Cas12-assisted RT-LAMP. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2021. [PMID: 34248284 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.128905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global pandemic. The high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 highlights the need for sensitive, rapid and on-site diagnostic assays of SARS-CoV-2 with high-throughput testing capability for large-scale population screening. The current detection methods in clinical application need to operate in centralized labs. Though some on-site detection methods have been developed, few tests could be performed for high-throughput analysis. We here developed a gold nanoparticle-based visual assay that combines with CRISPR/Cas12a-assisted RT-LAMP, which is called Cas12a-assisted RT-LAMP/AuNP (CLAP) assay for rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. In optimal condition, we could detect down to 4 copies/μL of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 40 min. by naked eye. The sequence-specific recognition character of CRISPR/Cas12a enables CLAP a superior specificity. More importantly, the CLAP is easy for operation that can be extended to high-throughput test by using a common microplate reader. The CLAP assay holds a great potential to be applied in airports, railway stations, or low-resource settings for screening of suspected people. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first AuNP-based colorimetric assay coupled with Cas12 and RT-LAMP for on-site diagnosis of COVID-19. We expect CLAP assay will improve the current COVID-19 screening efforts, and make contribution for control and mitigation of the pandemic.
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Key Words
- AuNP, gold nanoparticle
- COVID-19, Corona Virus Disease 2019
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- CRISPR/Cas
- Coronavirus disease
- DMEM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- FDA, American Food and Drug Administration
- Gold nanoparticle
- HCRs, hybridization chain reactions
- High-throughput on-site detection
- LAMP, loop-mediated isothermal amplification
- Loop-mediated isothermal amplification
- NMPA, the Chinese National Medical Products Administration
- POCT, point of care testing
- RPA, recombinase polymerase amplification
- RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-real time quantitative PCR
- SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- TCEP, Tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Minyan Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Chengrong Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xinyi Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yingying Xue
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Qiming Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Greater Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Center for Nanomedicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jiasi Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
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Dong A, Wang YJ, Gao Y, Gao T, Gao G. Chemical Insights into Antibacterial N-Halamines. Chem Rev 2017; 117:4806-4862. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alideertu Dong
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Jie Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Yangyang Gao
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Gao
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Gao
- College
of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People’s Republic of China
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Manganese dioxide nanosheets as an optical probe for photometric determination of free chlorine. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1857-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jović M, Cortés-Salazar F, Lesch A, Amstutz V, Bi H, Girault HH. Electrochemical detection of free chlorine at inkjet printed silver electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Haute SV, Sampers I, Jacxsens L, Uyttendaele M. Selection Criteria for Water Disinfection Techniques in Agricultural Practices. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 55:1529-51. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.705360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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8
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Kinani S, Richard B, Souissi Y, Bouchonnet S. Analysis of inorganic chloramines in water. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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ANDO S, TESHIMA N, SAKAI T, MOTOMIZU S. Spectrophotometric Determination of Residual Chlorine in Tap Water Using Alternative Simultaneous Injection/Effective Mixing Analysis System. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2012. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.61.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shima ANDO
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology
| | - Norio TESHIMA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology
| | - Tadao SAKAI
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology
| | - Shoji MOTOMIZU
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology
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Ly SY, Choa SH. Detection of chlorine in tap water using a metal gold electrode. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.5806/ast.2011.24.3.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Zarei AR, Sovizi MR. Application of cloud point extraction technique to preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of free chlorine in water samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934811030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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An environmentally friendly flow system for high-sensitivity spectrophotometric determination of free chlorine in natural waters. Microchem J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nascimento VB, Selva TM, Coelho EC, Santos FP, Antônio JL, Silva JR, Gaião EN, Araújo MC. Automatic determination of chlorine without standard solutions using a biamperometric flow-batch analysis system. Talanta 2010; 81:609-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Shin HS. Simple and Simultaneous Determination of Free Chlorine, Free Bromine and Ozone in Water by LC. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Headspace single-drop microextraction and fibre optics-based cuvetteless micro-spectrophotometry for the determination of chloride involving oxidation with permanganate. Talanta 2010; 80:1816-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Liquid-phase microextraction and fibre-optics-based cuvetteless CCD-array micro-spectrophotometry for trace analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 648:183-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 06/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies on the Codeposition of Dextran Sodium Sulfate with the Charge-Transfer Complexes Generated During Electrooxidation of Benzidine Derivatives. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Saad B, Wai WT, Ali ASM, Saleh MI. Sequential Flow Injection Determination of Chlorine Species Using a Triiodide-selective Electrode Detector. ANAL SCI 2006; 22:45-50. [PMID: 16429771 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A flow injection analysis (FIA) method for the determination of four residual chlorine species, namely combined available chlorine (CAC), free available chlorine (FAC), total available chlorine (TAC) and chlorite (ClO2-) was developed using a flow-through triiodide-selective electrode as a detector. An important strategy of speciation studies utilized the kinetic discrimination of reactions between the CAC and FAC with Fe2+, which was applied to the speciation of FAC, CAC and TAC. The speciation of available chlorine species and chlorite (an oxychlorine species) was achieved by using the same set-up, but using flow streams of different pH. The effects of the pH of the carrier stream, the flow rate and the sample volume were studied. The method exhibited linearity from 2.8 x 10(-6) to 2.8 x 10(-4) M active chlorine (expressed as OCl-) with a detection limit of 1.4 x 10(-6) M. The selectivity of the method was studied by examining the minimum pH for the oxidation of iodide by other oxidants, and also by assessing the potentiometric selectivity coefficients. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of chlorine species in tap water, and disinfecting formulations where good agreement occurred between the proposed and standard methods were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahruddin Saad
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
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