1
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Ferguson CA, Hwang JCM, Zhang Y, Cheng X. Single-Cell Classification Based on Population Nucleus Size Combining Microwave Impedance Spectroscopy and Machine Learning. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1001. [PMID: 36679798 PMCID: PMC9860723 DOI: 10.3390/s23021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many recent efforts in the diagnostic field address the accessibility of cancer diagnosis. Typical histological staining methods identify cancer cells visually by a larger nucleus with more condensed chromatin. Machine learning (ML) has been incorporated into image analysis for improving this process. Recently, impedance spectrometers have been shown to generate all-inclusive lab-on-a-chip platforms to detect nucleus abnormities. In this paper, a wideband electrical sensor and data analysis paradigm that can identify nuclear changes shows the realization of a single-cell microfluidic device to detect nuclei of altered sizes. To model cells of altered nucleus, Jurkat cells were treated to enlarge or shrink their nucleus followed by broadband sensing to obtain the S-parameters of single cells. The ability to deduce important frequencies associated with nucleus size is demonstrated and used to improve classification models in both binary and multiclass scenarios, despite a heterogeneous and overlapping cell population. The important frequency features match those predicted in a double-shell circuit model published in prior work, demonstrating a coherent new analytical technique for electrical data analysis. The electrical sensing platform assisted by ML with impressive accuracy of cell classification looks forward to a label-free and flexible approach to cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James C. M. Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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2
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Li M, Seemann R, Fleury J. Active Janus Droplet as a Micro‐Reactor for Automatic DNA/RNA Precipitation and Extraction. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Li
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics Saarland University 66123 Saarbruecken Germany
| | - Ralf Seemann
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics Saarland University 66123 Saarbruecken Germany
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Fleury
- Experimental Physics and Center for Biophysics Saarland University 66123 Saarbruecken Germany
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3
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Prada J, Cordes C, Harms C, Lang W. Design and Manufacturing of a Disposable, Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer, Microfluidic Device for a Biosensor †. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E1178. [PMID: 30866583 PMCID: PMC6427612 DOI: 10.3390/s19051178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This contribution outlines the design and manufacturing of a microfluidic device implemented as a biosensor for retrieval and detection of bacteria RNA. The device is fully made of Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer (COC), which features low auto-fluorescence, biocompatibility and manufacturability by hot-embossing. The RNA retrieval was carried on after bacteria heat-lysis by an on-chip micro-heater, whose function was characterized at different working parameters. Carbon resistive temperature sensors were tested, characterized and printed on the biochip sealing film to monitor the heating process. Off-chip and on-chip processed RNA were hybridized with capture probes on the reaction chamber surface and identification was achieved by detection of fluorescence tags. The application of the mentioned techniques and materials proved to allow the development of low-cost, disposable albeit multi-functional microfluidic system, performing heating, temperature sensing and chemical reaction processes in the same device. By proving its effectiveness, this device contributes a reference to show the integration potential of fully thermoplastic devices in biosensor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Prada
- Institut für Mikrosensoren, -Aktoren und -Systeme, Universität Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Christina Cordes
- Bremerhavener Institut für Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Hochschule Bremerhaven, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Carsten Harms
- Bremerhavener Institut für Angewandte Molekularbiologie, Hochschule Bremerhaven, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Walter Lang
- Institut für Mikrosensoren, -Aktoren und -Systeme, Universität Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
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4
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De Jesús Vega M, Wakim J, Orbey N, Barry C. Numerical evaluation and experimental validation of cross-flow microfiltration device design. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:21. [PMID: 30790088 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This research presents a comprehensive analysis of the design and validation of a cross-flow microfiltration device for separation of microspheres based on size. Simulation results showed that pillar size, pillar shape, incorporation of back-flow preventers, and rounding of pillar layouts affected flow patterns in a cross-flow microfiltration device. Simulation results suggest that larger pillar sizes reduce filtration capacity by decreasing the density of microfiltration gaps in the device. Therefore, 10 μm rather than 20 μm diameter pillars were incorporated in the device. Fluid flow was not greatly affected when comparing circular, octagonal, and hexagonal pillars. However, side-channel fluid velocities decreased when using triangular and square pillars. The lengths of back-flow prevention walls were optimized to completely prevent back flow without inhibiting filtration ability. A trade-off was observed in the designs of the pillar layouts; while rounding the pillars layout in the channels bends eliminated stagnation areas, the design also decreased side-channel fluid velocity compared to the right-angle layout. Experimental separation efficiency was tested using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silicon microfluidic devices with microspheres simulating white and red blood cells. Efficiencies for separation of small microspheres to the side channels ranged from 73 to 75%. The silicon devices retained the large microspheres in the main channel with efficiencies between 95 and 100%, but these efficiencies were lower with PDMS devices and were affected by sphere concentration. Additionally, PDMS devices resulted in greater agglomeration of spheres when compared to silicon devices. PDMS devices, however, were easier and less expensive to fabricate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisel De Jesús Vega
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Joseph Wakim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Nese Orbey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.
| | - Carol Barry
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
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5
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Buyuktuncel E. Microchip Electrophoresis and Bioanalytical Applications. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180831100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microanalytical systems have aroused great interest because they can analyze extremely
small sample volumes, improve the rate and throughput of chemical and biochemical analysis in a way
that reduces costs. Microchip Electrophoresis (ME) represents an effective separation technique to perform
quick analytical separations of complex samples. It offers high resolution and significant peak
capacity. ME is used in many areas, including biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine. It is established
the same working principles as Capillary Electrophoresis (CE). It is possible to perform electrophoresis
in a more direct and convenient way in a microchip. Since the electric field is the driving
force of the electrodes, there is no need for high pressure as in chromatography. The amount of the voltage
that is applied in some electrophoresis modes, e.g. Micelle Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC)
and Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE), mainly determines separation efficiency. Therefore, it is
possible to apply a higher electric field along a considerably shorter separation channel, hence it is possible
to carry out ME much quicker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Buyuktuncel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Inonu University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
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6
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Mauk MG, Song J, Liu C, Bau HH. Simple Approaches to Minimally-Instrumented, Microfluidic-Based Point-of-Care Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests. BIOSENSORS 2018; 8:E17. [PMID: 29495424 PMCID: PMC5872065 DOI: 10.3390/bios8010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Designs and applications of microfluidics-based devices for molecular diagnostics (Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests, NAATs) in infectious disease testing are reviewed, with emphasis on minimally instrumented, point-of-care (POC) tests for resource-limited settings. Microfluidic cartridges ('chips') that combine solid-phase nucleic acid extraction; isothermal enzymatic nucleic acid amplification; pre-stored, paraffin-encapsulated lyophilized reagents; and real-time or endpoint optical detection are described. These chips can be used with a companion module for separating plasma from blood through a combined sedimentation-filtration effect. Three reporter types: Fluorescence, colorimetric dyes, and bioluminescence; and a new paradigm for end-point detection based on a diffusion-reaction column are compared. Multiplexing (parallel amplification and detection of multiple targets) is demonstrated. Low-cost detection and added functionality (data analysis, control, communication) can be realized using a cellphone platform with the chip. Some related and similar-purposed approaches by others are surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Mauk
- Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics (MEAM), School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Towne Building, 220 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jinzhao Song
- Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics (MEAM), School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Towne Building, 220 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Changchun Liu
- Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics (MEAM), School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Towne Building, 220 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Haim H Bau
- Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics (MEAM), School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Towne Building, 220 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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7
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Lee TY, Han K, Barrett DO, Park S, Soper SA, Murphy MC. Accurate, predictable, repeatable micro-assembly technology for polymer, microfluidic modules. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2018. [PMID: 29531428 PMCID: PMC5844477 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.07.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A method for the design, construction, and assembly of modular, polymer-based, microfluidic devices using simple micro-assembly technology was demonstrated to build an integrated fluidic system consisting of vertically stacked modules for carrying out multi-step molecular assays. As an example of the utility of the modular system, point mutation detection using the ligase detection reaction (LDR) following amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out. Fluid interconnects and standoffs ensured that temperatures in the vertically stacked reactors were within ± 0.2 C° at the center of the temperature zones and ± 1.1 C° overall. The vertical spacing between modules was confirmed using finite element models (ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, PA) to simulate the steady-state temperature distribution for the assembly. Passive alignment structures, including a hemispherical pin-in-hole, a hemispherical pin-in-slot, and a plate-plate lap joint, were developed using screw theory to enable accurate exactly constrained assembly of the microfluidic reactors, cover sheets, and fluid interconnects to facilitate the modular approach. The mean mismatch between the centers of adjacent through holes was 64 ± 7.7 μm, significantly reducing the dead volume necessary to accommodate manufacturing variation. The microfluidic components were easily assembled by hand and the assembly of several different configurations of microfluidic modules for executing the assay was evaluated. Temperatures were measured in the desired range in each reactor. The biochemical performance was comparable to that obtained with benchtop instruments, but took less than 45 min to execute, half the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yoon Lee
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Center for Bio-Modular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine
- Department of Technology Education and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyudong Han
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dwhyte O. Barrett
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Center for Bio-Modular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine
| | - Sunggook Park
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Center for Bio-Modular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine
| | - Steven A. Soper
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Center for Bio-Modular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Michael C. Murphy
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Center for Bio-Modular Multi-Scale Systems for Precision Medicine
- Correspondence: Dr. Michael C. Murphy; , Tel: 1-225-578-5921, Fax: 1-225-578-5924
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8
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New nucleic acid testing devices to diagnose infectious diseases in resource-limited settings. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 36:1717-1731. [PMID: 28573472 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-3013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care diagnosis based on nucleic acid testing aims to incorporate all the analytical steps, from sample preparation to nucleic acid amplification and detection, in a single device. This device needs to provide a low-cost, robust, sensitive, specific, and easily readable analysis. Microfluidics has great potential for handling small volumes of fluids on a single platform. Microfluidic technology has recently been applied to paper, which is already used in low-cost lateral flow tests. Nucleic acid extraction from a biological specimen usually requires cell filtration and lysis on specific membranes, while affinity matrices, such as chitosan or polydiacetylene, are well suited to concentrating nucleic acids for subsequent amplification. Access to electricity is often difficult in resource-limited areas, so the amplification step needs to be equipment-free. Consequently, the reaction has to be isothermal to alleviate the need for a thermocycler. LAMP, NASBA, HDA, and RPA are examples of the technologies available. Nucleic acid detection techniques are currently based on fluorescence, colorimetry, or chemiluminescence. For point-of-care diagnostics, the results should be readable with the naked eye. Nowadays, interpretation and communication of results to health professionals could rely on a smartphone, used as a telemedicine device. The major challenge of creating an "all-in-one" diagnostic test involves the design of an optimal solution and a sequence for each analytical step, as well as combining the execution of all these steps on a single device. This review provides an overview of available materials and technologies which seem to be adapted to point-of-care nucleic acid-based diagnosis, in low-resource areas.
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9
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Gutzweiler L, Gleichmann T, Tanguy L, Koltay P, Zengerle R, Riegger L. Open microfluidic gel electrophoresis: Rapid and low cost separation and analysis of DNA at the nanoliter scale. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1764-1770. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Gutzweiler
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications; IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- Hahn-Schickard; Freiburg Germany
| | - Tobias Gleichmann
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications; IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Laurent Tanguy
- Hahn-Schickard; Freiburg Germany
- PMB-Alcen; Peynier France
| | - Peter Koltay
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications; IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- BioFluidix GmbH; Freiburg Germany
| | - Roland Zengerle
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications; IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- Hahn-Schickard; Freiburg Germany
- FIT - Freiburg Centre for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Lutz Riegger
- Laboratory for MEMS Applications; IMTEK - Department of Microsystems Engineering; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
- BioFluidix GmbH; Freiburg Germany
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10
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Inexpensive, rapid fabrication of polymer-film microfluidic autoregulatory valve for disposable microfluidics. Biomed Microdevices 2017; 19:21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Development of controlled vacuum is having many applications in the realm of biotechnology, cell transfer, gene therapy, biomedical engineering and other engineering activities involving separation or chemical reactions. Here we show the controlled vacuum generation through a biocompatible, energy efficient, low-cost and flexible miniature device. We have designed and fabricated microfluidic devices from polydimethylsiloxane which are capable of producing vacuum at a highly controlled rate by using water as a motive fluid. Scrupulous removal of infected fluid/body fluid from the internal hemorrhage affected parts during surgical operations, gene manipulation, cell sorting, and other biomedical activities require complete isolation of the delicate cells or tissues adjacent to the targeted location. We demonstrate the potential of the miniature device to obtain controlled evacuation without the use of highly pressurized motive fluids. Water has been used as a motive liquid to eject vapor and liquid at ambient conditions through the microfluidic devices prepared using a low-cost fabrication method. The proposed miniature device may find applications in vacuum generation especially where the controlled rate of evacuation, and limited vacuum generation are of utmost importance in order to precisely protect the cells in the nearby region of the targeted evacuated area.
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12
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Zhang X, Huang D, Tang W, Jiang D, Chen K, Yi H, Xiang N, Ni Z. A low cost and quasi-commercial polymer film chip for high-throughput inertial cell isolation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27092h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel scheme for fast fabrication (<20 minutes) of ultra-low-cost (∼1.5 cents) polymer film chips using laser direct writing and roll-to-roll lamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Di Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Wenlai Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Di Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Ke Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Hong Yi
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
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13
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14
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Jung YK, Kim J, Mathies RA. Microfluidic Linear Hydrogel Array for Multiplexed Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Detection. Anal Chem 2015; 87:3165-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5048696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Kyung Jung
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- School
of Natural
Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkyu Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Richard A. Mathies
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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15
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Zhang C, Oda Y, Kawaguchi D, Kanaoka S, Aoshima S, Tanaka K. Dynamic-driven Surface Segregation of a Hydrophilic Component in Diblock Copolymer Films. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.140924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University
| | - Yukari Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University
| | - Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices, Kyushu University
| | | | | | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University
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16
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Ben-Yoav H, Dykstra PH, Bentley WE, Ghodssi R. A controlled microfluidic electrochemical lab-on-a-chip for label-free diffusion-restricted DNA hybridization analysis. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 64:579-85. [PMID: 25310492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices for electrochemical analysis of DNA hybridization events offer a technology for real-time and label-free assessment of biomarkers at the point-of-care. Here, we present a microfluidic LOC, with 3 × 3 arrayed electrochemical sensors for the analysis of DNA hybridization events. A new dual layer microfluidic valved manipulation system is integrated providing controlled and automated capabilities for high throughput analysis. This feature improves the repeatability, accuracy, and overall sensing performance (Fig. 1). The electrochemical activity of the fabricated microfluidic device is validated and demonstrated repeatable and reversible Nernstian characteristics. System design required detailed analysis of energy storage and dissipation as our sensing modeling involves diffusion-related electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The effect of DNA hybridization on the calculated charge transfer resistance and the diffusional resistance components is evaluated. We demonstrate a specific device with an average cross-reactivity value of 27.5%. The device yields semilogarithmic dose response and enables a theoretical detection limit of 1 nM of complementary ssDNA target. This limit is lower than our previously reported non-valved device by 74% due to on-chip valve integration providing controlled and accurate assay capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Ben-Yoav
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (MSAL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Peter H Dykstra
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (MSAL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (MSAL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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17
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Ben-Yoav H, Dykstra PH, Gordonov T, Bentley WE, Ghodssi R. A microfluidic-based electrochemical biochip for label-free DNA hybridization analysis. J Vis Exp 2014:51797. [PMID: 25285529 PMCID: PMC4828060 DOI: 10.3791/51797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Miniaturization of analytical benchtop procedures into the micro-scale provides significant advantages in regards to reaction time, cost, and integration of pre-processing steps. Utilizing these devices towards the analysis of DNA hybridization events is important because it offers a technology for real time assessment of biomarkers at the point-of-care for various diseases. However, when the device footprint decreases the dominance of various physical phenomena increases. These phenomena influence the fabrication precision and operation reliability of the device. Therefore, there is a great need to accurately fabricate and operate these devices in a reproducible manner in order to improve the overall performance. Here, we describe the protocols and the methods used for the fabrication and the operation of a microfluidic-based electrochemical biochip for accurate analysis of DNA hybridization events. The biochip is composed of two parts: a microfluidic chip with three parallel micro-channels made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and a 3 x 3 arrayed electrochemical micro-chip. The DNA hybridization events are detected using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. The EIS analysis enables monitoring variations of the properties of the electrochemical system that are dominant at these length scales. With the ability to monitor changes of both charge transfer and diffusional resistance with the biosensor, we demonstrate the selectivity to complementary ssDNA targets, a calculated detection limit of 3.8 nM, and a 13% cross-reactivity with other non-complementary ssDNA following 20 min of incubation. This methodology can improve the performance of miniaturized devices by elucidating on the behavior of diffusion at the micro-scale regime and by enabling the study of DNA hybridization events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Ben-Yoav
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (MSAL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland;
| | - Peter H Dykstra
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (MSAL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland
| | - Tanya Gordonov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland
| | - William E Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland
| | - Reza Ghodssi
- MEMS Sensors and Actuators Laboratory (MSAL), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland
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18
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Oda Y, Horinouchi A, Kawaguchi D, Matsuno H, Kanaoka S, Aoshima S, Tanaka K. Effect of side-chain carbonyl groups on the interface of vinyl polymers with water. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:1215-1219. [PMID: 24467626 DOI: 10.1021/la404802j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the polymer-water interface in the poly(methyl 2-propenyl ether) (PMPE)-water model system is investigated by sum-frequency generation spectroscopy, which at the moment gives the best depth resolution among available techniques. PMPE, synthesized via living cationic polymerization, is structurally similar to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) except for lacking a carbonyl group. We here probe the polymer local conformation as well as the aggregation states of water at the interface. Comparing the results of our measurements to the PMMA-water system, the effect of a carbonyl group on the water structure at the interface is discussed. This knowledge should be crucial to the design and construction of highly functionalized polymer interfaces for bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Oda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, ‡Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices, and §International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University , Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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19
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Aminosilane layers on the plasma activated thermoplastics: Influence of solvent on its structure and morphology. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 411:122-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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20
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Effects of Micromachining Processes on Electro-Osmotic Flow Mobility of Glass Surfaces. MICROMACHINES 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/mi4010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Alvankarian J, Bahadorimehr A, Yeop Majlis B. A pillar-based microfilter for isolation of white blood cells on elastomeric substrate. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:14102. [PMID: 24403994 PMCID: PMC3555971 DOI: 10.1063/1.4774068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Our goal is to design, fabricate, and characterize a pillar-based microfluidic device for size-based separation of human blood cells on an elastomeric substrate with application in the low-cost rapid prototyping of lab-chip devices. The single inlet single outlet device is using parallel U-shape arrays of pillars with cutoff size of 5.5 μm for trapping white blood cells (WBCs) in a pillar chamber with internal dead-volume of less than 1.0 μl. The microstructures are designed to limit the elastomeric deformation against fluid pressures. Numerical analysis showed that at maximum pressure loss of 15 kPa which is lower than the device conformal bonding strength, the pillar elastomeric deformation is less than 5% for flow rates of up to 1.0 ml min(-1). Molding technique was employed for device prototyping using polyurethane methacrylate (PUMA) resin and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold. Characterization of the dual-layer device with beads and blood samples is performed. Tests with blood injection showed that ∼18%-25% of WBCs are trapped and ∼84%-89% of red blood cells (RBCs) are passed at flow rates of 15-50 μl min(-1) with a slight decrease of WBCs trap and improve of the RBCs pass at higher flow rates. Similar results were obtained by separation of mixed microspheres of different size injected at flow rates of up to 400 μl min(-1). Tests with blood samples stained by fluorescent gel demonstrated that the WBCs are accumulated in the arrays of pillars that later end up to blockage of the device. Filtration results of using elastomeric substrate present a good consistency with the trend of separation efficiencies of the similar silicon-based filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Alvankarian
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alireza Bahadorimehr
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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22
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Menegatti E, Berardi D, Messina M, Ferrante I, Giachino O, Spagnolo B, Restagno G, Cognolato L, Roccatello D. Lab-on-a-chip: emerging analytical platforms for immune-mediated diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:814-20. [PMID: 23219952 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization of analytical procedures has a significant impact on diagnostic testing since it provides several advantages such as: reduced sample and reagent consumption, shorter analysis time and less sample handling. Lab-on-a-chip (LoC), usually silicon, glass, or silicon-glass, or polymer disposable cartridges, which are produced using techniques inherited from the microelectronics industry, could perform and integrate the operations needed to carry out biochemical analysis through the mechanical realization of a dedicated instrument. Analytical devices based on miniaturized platforms like LoC may provide an important contribution to the diagnosis of high prevalence and rare diseases. In this paper we review some of the uses of Lab-on-a-chip in the clinical diagnostics of immune-mediated diseases and we provide an overview of how specific applications of these technologies could improve and simplify several complex diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Menegatti
- Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, Section of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
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23
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Horinouchi A, Atarashi H, Fujii Y, Tanaka K. Dynamics of Water-Induced Surface Reorganization in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3002559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayanobu Horinouchi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and ‡International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy
Research (WPI- I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hironori Atarashi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and ‡International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy
Research (WPI- I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Fujii
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and ‡International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy
Research (WPI- I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and ‡International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy
Research (WPI- I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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24
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Lok KS, Kwok YC, Nguyen NT. Sample loading and retrieval by centrifugation in a closed-loop PCR microchip. Mikrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-011-0741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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26
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Weng X, Jiang H, Chon CH, Chen S, Cao H, Li D. An RNA–DNA hybridization assay chip with electrokinetically controlled oil droplet valves for sequential microfluidic operations. J Biotechnol 2011; 155:330-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Park S, Zhang Y, Lin S, Wang TH, Yang S. Advances in microfluidic PCR for point-of-care infectious disease diagnostics. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:830-9. [PMID: 21741465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Global burdens from existing or emerging infectious diseases emphasize the need for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics to enhance timely recognition and intervention. Molecular approaches based on PCR methods have made significant inroads by improving detection time and accuracy but are still largely hampered by resource-intensive processing in centralized laboratories, thereby precluding their routine bedside- or field-use. Microfluidic technologies have enabled miniaturization of PCR processes onto a chip device with potential benefits including speed, cost, portability, throughput, and automation. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in microfluidic PCR technologies and discuss practical issues and perspectives related to implementing them into infectious disease diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungkyung Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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28
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Wang ZY, Yue CY, Lam YC, Roy S, Jena RK. A modified quasi-creep model for assessment of deformation of topas COC substrates in the thermal bonding of microfluidic devices: Experiments and modeling. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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29
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Geissler M, Beauregard JA, Charlebois I, Isabel S, Normandin F, Voisin B, Boissinot M, Bergeron MG, Veres T. Extraction of nucleic acids from bacterial spores using bead-based mechanical lysis on a plastic chip. Eng Life Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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30
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31
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Horinouchi A, Fujii Y, Yamada NL, Tanaka K. Surface Reorganization of Thin Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films Induced by Water. CHEM LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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Kaigala GV, Behnam M, Bidulock ACE, Bargen C, Johnstone RW, Elliott DG, Backhouse CJ. A scalable and modular lab-on-a-chip genetic analysis instrument. Analyst 2010; 135:1606-17. [DOI: 10.1039/b925111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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33
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Richard C, Renaudin A, Aimez V, Charette PG. An integrated hybrid interference and absorption filter for fluorescence detection in lab-on-a-chip devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:1371-1376. [PMID: 19417903 DOI: 10.1039/b819080a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a hybrid optical filter design that combines interference and absorbing components for enhanced fluorescence detection in miniaturized highly-integrated lab-on-a-chip devices. The filter is designed in such a way that the advantages of each technology are used to offset the disadvantages of the other. The filter is fabricated with microfabrication compatible processes and materials for monolithic integration with microelectronics and microfluidics devices. The particular embodiment of the filter described herein is designed to discriminate fluorescence emission at 650 nm from excitation at 532 nm. The 9-layer interference filter component is fabricated with alternating TiO(2) and SiO(2) thin-film layers and has an attenuation of -12.6 dB at 532 nm and -0.76 dB at 650 nm. The absorbing filter component is fabricated using a dyed photopolymer (KMPR + Orasol Red) having an attenuation of -32.6 dB at 532 nm and -1.28 dB at 650 nm. The total rejection ratio of the hybrid filter is 43 dB. The filter exhibits very low autofluorescence and performs equally well at off-axis incidence angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Richard
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et d'Optoélectronique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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34
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Potrich C, Lunelli L, Forti S, Vozzi D, Pasquardini L, Vanzetti L, Panciatichi C, Anderle M, Pederzolli C. Effect of materials for micro-electro-mechanical systems on PCR yield. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2009; 39:979-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-009-0466-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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35
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Lui C, Cady NC, Batt CA. Nucleic Acid-based Detection of Bacterial Pathogens Using Integrated Microfluidic Platform Systems. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2009; 9:3713-44. [PMID: 22412335 PMCID: PMC3297159 DOI: 10.3390/s90503713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The advent of nucleic acid-based pathogen detection methods offers increased sensitivity and specificity over traditional microbiological techniques, driving the development of portable, integrated biosensors. The miniaturization and automation of integrated detection systems presents a significant advantage for rapid, portable field-based testing. In this review, we highlight current developments and directions in nucleic acid-based micro total analysis systems for the detection of bacterial pathogens. Recent progress in the miniaturization of microfluidic processing steps for cell capture, DNA extraction and purification, polymerase chain reaction, and product detection are detailed. Discussions include strategies and challenges for implementation of an integrated portable platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Lui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering / Cornell University, 317 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Nathaniel C. Cady
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering / University at Albany State University of New York, 255 Fuller Rd., Albany, NY 12203, USA; E-Mail: (N.C.C.)
| | - Carl A. Batt
- Department of Food Science / Cornell University, 312 Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; E-Mail: (C.A.B.)
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36
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Zhang Y, Ozdemir P. Microfluidic DNA amplification--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 638:115-25. [PMID: 19327449 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2009] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of microfluidic devices for DNA amplification has recently been extensively studied. Here, we review the important development of microfluidic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) devices and discuss the underlying physical principles for the optimal design and operation of the device. In particular, we focus on continuous-flow microfluidic PCR on-chip, which can be readily implemented as an integrated function of a micro-total-analysis system. To overcome sample carryover contamination and surface adsorption associated with microfluidic PCR, microdroplet technology has recently been utilized to perform PCR in droplets, which can eliminate the synthesis of short chimeric products, shorten thermal-cycling time, and offers great potential for single DNA molecule and single-cell amplification. The work on chip-based PCR in droplets is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghao Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK.
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37
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Computer simulation and theory of the diffusion- and flow-induced concentration dispersion in microfluidic devices and HPLC systems based on rectangular microchannels. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 622:175-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Chemical cytometry, referring to the analysis of the chemical contents in individual cells, has been in intensive study since Kennedy's first work that was published in Science. The early researches relied on fine-tip capillaries to capture the cells and do the analyses, which were lab- and time-intensive and required high skills of operation. The emergence of microfluidics has greatly spurred this research field and a great number of research papers have been published in the last decades. Highly integrated microfluidic chips have been developed to capture multiple single cells, lyse them, perform chemical reactions in enclosed microchambers, separate contents by CE and detect chemical species in individual cells. This review focuses on the development of relevant components and their integration for on-chip chemical cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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39
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Sun Y, Nguyen NT, Kwok YC. High-Throughput Polymerase Chain Reaction in Parallel Circular Loops Using Magnetic Actuation. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6127-30. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800787g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sun
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 01 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, and School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 01 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, and School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
| | - Yien Chian Kwok
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 01 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, and School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798
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40
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Huh YS, Choi JH, Huh KAK, Kim KA, Park TJ, Hong YK, Kim DH, Hong WH, Lee SY. Microfluidic cell disruption system employing a magnetically actuated diaphragm. Electrophoresis 2008; 28:4748-57. [PMID: 18008309 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic cell lysis chip equipped with a micromixer and SPE unit was developed and used for quantitative analysis of intracellular proteins. This miniaturized sample preparation system can be employed for any purpose where cell disruption is needed to obtain intracellular constituents for the subsequent analysis. This system comprises a magnetically actuated micromixer to disrupt cells, a hydrophobic valve to manipulate the cell lysate, and a packed porous polymerized monolith chamber for SPE and filtering debris from the cell lysate. Using recombinant Escherichia coli expressing intracellular enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and lipase as model bacteria, we optimized the cell disruption condition with respect to the lysis buffer composition, mixing time, and the frequency of the diaphragm in the micromixer, which was magnetically actuated by an external magnetic stirrer in the micromixer chamber. The lysed sample prepared under the optimal condition was purified by the packed SPE in the microfluidic chip. At a frequency of 1.96 Hz, the final cell lysis efficiency and relative fluorescence intensity of EGFP after the cell disruption process were greater than 90 and 94%, respectively. Thus, this microfluidic cell disruption chip can be used for the efficient lysis of cells for further analysis of intracellular contents in many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Suk Huh
- Separation Process Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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41
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Postler T, Slouka Z, Svoboda M, Přibyl M, Šnita D. Parametrical studies of electroosmotic transport characteristics in submicrometer channels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 320:321-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Revised: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Topographic structures and chromatographic supports in microfluidic separation devices. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1184:560-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Revised: 09/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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43
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KITAMURA N, UENO K, KIM HB. Polymer Channel Chips as Versatile Tools in Microchemistry. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:701-10. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noboru KITAMURA
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Kosei UENO
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Haeng-Boo KIM
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University
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44
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Tanaka K, Fujii Y, Atarashi H, Akabori KI, Hino M, Nagamura T. Nonsolvents cause swelling at the interface with poly(methyl methacrylate) films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:296-301. [PMID: 18052221 DOI: 10.1021/la702132t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Density profiles of a perdeuterated poly(methyl methacrylate) (dPMMA) film spin-coated on a substrate in water, hexane, and methanol, which are "nonsolvents" for dPMMA, were examined along the direction normal to the interface by specular neutron reflectivity (NR). The interfaces of dPMMA with the liquids were diffuse in comparison with the pristine interface with air; the interfacial width with water was thicker than that with hexane. Interestingly, in water, the dPMMA film was composed of a swollen layer and the interior region, which also contained water, in addition to the diffused layer. The interface of dPMMA with hexane was sharper than that with water. Although there were slight indications of a swollen layer for the dPMMA in hexane, the solvent molecules did not penetrate significantly into the film. On the other hand, in methanol, the whole region of the dPMMA film was strikingly swollen. To conserve mass, the swelling of the film by the nonsolvents is accompanied by an increase in the film thickness. The change in the film thickness estimated by NR was in excellent accord with the results of direct observations using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The modulus of dPMMA in the vicinity of the interfaces with liquids was also examined on the basis of force-distance curves measured by AFM. The modulus decreased closer to the outermost region of the film. The extent to which the modulus decreased in the interfacial region was consistent with the amount of liquid sorbed into the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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46
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Yung KL, Kong J, Xu Y. Studies on flow behaviors of polymer melts in nanochannels by wetting actions. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Sun Y, Kwok YC, Nguyen NT. Faster and improved microchip electrophoresis using a capillary bundle. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4765-8. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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48
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Basabe-Desmonts L, Benito-López F, Gardeniers HJGE, Duwel R, van den Berg A, Reinhoudt DN, Crego-Calama M. Fluorescent sensor array in a microfluidic chip. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:307-15. [PMID: 18034337 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Revised: 10/09/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization and automation are highly important issues for the development of high-throughput processes. The area of micro total analysis systems (muTAS) is growing rapidly and the design of new schemes which are suitable for miniaturized analytical devices is of great importance. In this paper we report the immobilization of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with metal ion sensing properties, on the walls of glass microchannels. The parallel combinatorial synthesis of sensing SAMs in individually addressable microchannels towards the generation of optical sensor arrays and sensing chips has been developed. [figure: see text] The advantages of microfluidic devices, surface chemistry, parallel synthesis, and combinatorial approaches have been merged to integrate a fluorescent chemical sensor array in a microfluidic chip. Specifically, five different fluorescent self-assembled monolayers have been created on the internal walls of glass microchannels confined in a microfluidic chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Basabe-Desmonts
- Department of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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49
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Sun Y, Kwok YC, Nguyen NT. A circular ferrofluid driven microchip for rapid polymerase chain reaction. LAB ON A CHIP 2007; 7:1012-7. [PMID: 17653343 DOI: 10.1039/b700575j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, much attention has been paid to the development of miniaturized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) devices. After a continuous flow (CF) PCR chip was introduced, several CFPCR systems employing various pumping mechanisms were reported. However, the use of pumps increases cost and imposes a high requirement on microchip bonding integrity due to the application of high pressure. Other significant limitations of CFPCR devices include the large footprint of the microchip and the fixed cycle number which is dictated by the channel layout. In this paper, we present a novel circular close-loop ferrofluid driven microchip for rapid PCR. A small ferrofluid plug, containing sub-domain magnetic particles in a liquid carrier, is driven by an external magnet along the circular microchannel, which in turn propels the PCR mixture through three temperature zones. Amplification of a 500 bp lambda DNA fragment has been demonstrated on the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) PCR microchip fabricated by CO(2) laser ablation and bonded by a low pressure, high temperature technique. Successful PCR was achieved in less than 4 min. Effects of cycle number and cycle time on PCR products were investigated. Using a magnet as the actuator eliminates the need for expensive pumps and provides advantages of low cost, small power consumption, low requirement on bonding strength and flexible number of PCR cycles. Furthermore, the microchip has a much simpler design and smaller footprint compared to the rectangular serpentine CFPCR devices. To demonstrate its application in forensics, a 16-loci short tandem repeat (STR) sample was successfully amplified using the PCR microchip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616
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Sánchez L, González R, Crego AL, Cifuentes A. A simple capillary gel electrophoresis approach for efficient and reproducible DNA separations. Analysis of genetically modified soy and maize. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:579-85. [PMID: 17444227 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200600195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It is generally assumed that in order to achieve suitable separations of DNA fragments, capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE)-coated capillaries should be used. In this work, a new method is presented that allows to obtain reproducible CGE separations of DNA fragments using bare fused-silica capillaries without any previous coating step. The proposed method only requires: (i) a capillary washing with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid between injections and (ii) a running buffer composed of Tris-phosphate-ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 4.5% of 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as sieving polymer. The use of this new CGE procedure gives highly resolved and reproducible separations of DNA fragments ranging from 50 to 750 bp. The separation of these DNA fragments is accomplished in less than 30 min with efficiencies up to 1.7 x 10(6) plates/m. Reproducibility values of migration times (given as %RSD) for the analyzed DNA fragments are better than 1.0% (n = 4) for the same day, 2.2% (n = 16) for four different days, and 2.3% (n = 16) for four different capillaries. The usefulness of this separation method is demonstrated by detecting genetically modified maize and genetically modified soy after DNA amplification by PCR. This new CGE procedure together with LIF as detector provides sensitive analysis of 0.9% of Bt11 maize, Mon810 maize, and Roundup Ready soy in flours with S/ N up to 542. These results demonstrate the usefulness of this procedure to fulfill the European regulation on detection of genetically modified organisms in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sánchez
- Institute of Industrial Fermentations (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, Madrid, Spain
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