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Chen J, Guo Z, Xin Y, Gu Z, Zhang L, Guo X. Effective remediation and decontamination of organophosphorus compounds using enzymes: From rational design to potential applications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161510. [PMID: 36632903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) have been widely used in agriculture for decades because of their high insecticidal efficiency, which maintains and increases crop yields worldwide. More importantly, OPs, as typical chemical warfare agents, are a serious concern and significant danger for military and civilian personnel. The widespread use of OPs, superfluous and unreasonable use, has caused great harm to the environment and food chain. Developing efficient and environmentally friendly solutions for the decontamination of OPs is a long-term challenge. Microbial enzymes show potential application as natural and green biocatalysts. Thus, utilizing OP-degrading enzymes for environmental decontamination presents significant advantages, as these enzymes can rapidly hydrolyze OPs; are environmentally friendly, nonflammable, and noncorrosive; and can be discarded safely and easily. Here, the properties, structure and catalytic mechanism of various typical OP-degrading enzymes are reviewed. The methods and effects utilized to improve the expression level, catalytic performance and stability of OP-degrading enzymes were systematically summarized. In addition, the immobilization of OP-degrading enzymes was explicated emphatically, and the latest progress of cascade reactions based on immobilized enzymes was discussed. Finally, the latest applications of OP-degrading enzymes were summarized, including biosensors, nanozyme mimics and medical detoxification. This review provides guidance for the future development of OP-degrading enzymes and promotes their application in the field of environmental bioremediation and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zitao Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yu Xin
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenghua Gu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Science, Beijing 102205, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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2
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Binda L, Bolado M, D'Onofrio A, Freytes VM. Analysis of a microfluidic device for diffusion coefficient determination of high molecular weight solutes detectable in the visible spectrum. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:56. [PMID: 35751705 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We developed a procedure to measure diffusion coefficients using microfluidic devices that contributes to the transport analysis of high molecular weight solutes with low diffusion coefficient. This procedure allows a quick determination of diffusion coefficients and a precise evaluation of measurement errors. Making use of color variation of a pH indicator, we determined its diffusion coefficient in its own solvent (water). The value obtained was compared with previously published ones and was found to be similar to those cited. The microfluidic device has a serpentine-shaped channel that allows monitoring the solution evolution in different regions of the path in a single visual field without the need to move the camera or the microchip. This kind of device also allows the spatial and temporal tracking of the diffusion process. The solution color intensity is used to determine solute concentration; therefore, this method presents an advantage compared to those based on fluorescence detection. A complete analysis of the diffusive behavior along the channel path was performed in order to test the accuracy of these kinds of methodologies. This analysis can be used with similar devices, and the techniques employed for diffusion analysis can be applied to a µTAS-type microfluidic platform, allowing obtain variations of the diffusion coefficient as a function of time due to variations in external factors, e.g., temperature, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Binda
- Grupo de Medios Porosos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Paseo Colón 850, 1063, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de General Sarmiento, Juan M. Gutiérrez 1150, B1613GSX, Los Polvorines, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Bolado
- Grupo de Medios Porosos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Paseo Colón 850, 1063, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A D'Onofrio
- Grupo de Medios Porosos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Paseo Colón 850, 1063, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - V M Freytes
- Grupo de Medios Porosos, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Paseo Colón 850, 1063, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Karbelkar A, Reynolds EE, Ahlmark R, Furst AL. A Microbial Electrochemical Technology to Detect and Degrade Organophosphate Pesticides. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:1718-1727. [PMID: 34729415 PMCID: PMC8554842 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides cause hundreds of illnesses and deaths annually. Unfortunately, exposures are often detected by monitoring degradation products in blood and urine, with few effective methods for detection and remediation at the point of dispersal. We have developed an innovative strategy to remediate these compounds: an engineered microbial technology for the targeted detection and destruction of OP pesticides. This system is based upon microbial electrochemistry using two engineered strains. The strains are combined such that the first microbe (E. coli) degrades the pesticide, while the second (S. oneidensis) generates current in response to the degradation product without requiring external electrochemical stimulus or labels. This cellular technology is unique in that the E. coli serves only as an inert scaffold for enzymes to degrade OPs, circumventing a fundamental requirement of coculture design: maintaining the viability of two microbial strains simultaneously. With this platform, we can detect OP degradation products at submicromolar levels, outperforming reported colorimetric and fluorescence sensors. Importantly, this approach affords a modular, adaptable strategy that can be expanded to additional environmental contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta
A. Karbelkar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erin E. Reynolds
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachel Ahlmark
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ariel L. Furst
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center
for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Xu W, Zhao S, Zhang W, Wu H, Guang C, Mu W. Recent advances and future prospective of organophosphorus-degrading enzymes: identification, modification, and application. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:1096-1113. [PMID: 33906533 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1898331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The organophosphorus-based OPs) nerve agents and pesticides have been applied in the agriculture industry for a long time. However, they were found to have a persistent effect on the environment and threaten human health. Traditional methods, including incineration and landfilling, could not thoroughly remove these organophosphorus compounds (OPs). Meanwhile, chemical hydrolysis for decontamination was also inhibited due to the presence of corrosive materials and high costs. Biological remediation for OPs employing microorganisms and organophosphorus-degrading enzymes is promising due to a mild and controllable procedure, environmental-friendly reactions, and high efficacy. A wide variety of enzymes have shown latent ability in degrading OPs hazards like organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH), organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA), the diisopropylfluorophosphatase (DFPase), and mammalian paraoxonase 1 (PON 1). To this end, increasing efforts have been made on these intriguing enzymes to increase their expression level, enhance the catalytic activity, modify the optimal substrate, and expand the practical application. In this review, the enzyme resource, crystal structure, molecular modification, and industry application were compared and discussed in detail. Moreover, the proposed ideas and positive results could be useful for the other relevant OPs-degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sumao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cuie Guang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Burge SR, Hristovski KD, Burge RG, Hoffman DA, Saboe D, Chao P, Taylor E, Koenigsberg SS. Microbial potentiometric sensor: A new approach to longstanding challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140528. [PMID: 32623171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The underlying hypothesis of this study is that simple potentiometric measurements between sensing electrodes and a shared reference electrode - Microbial Potentiometric Sesnor (MPS) system - can be employed in a long-term, continuous mode of operation to resolve the spatial and temporal changes in environmental systems. To address the hypothesis, (1) a conceptual description of the MPS system and its postulated principle of operation are provided; (2) the MPS system performance is documented under controlled laboratory conditions; and (3) the capabilities of the MPS system are documented under quiescent and dynamic field condition. In a laboratory setting, the variability among different MPS signals was insignificant confirming the postulated high accuracy and reproducibility of the sensor performance. It also demonstrated statistically significant correlations with dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensors, while showing capabilities of operating under anoxic and anaerobic conditions. Regardless of their locations in the model wetland system, three MPS sensors functioned without interruption and cleaning for a period >2 years, and thus demonstrating long-term durability of the MPS technology. In real batch-wastewater treatment facility, the deployed MPS system signals were able to describe the organic carbon trends and correlate with each treatment phase in a cycle. Data reproducibility and reliability exceeded the expectations better describing the carbon treatment levels than the DO and ORP sensors (p < 4.4 × 10-162 vs phase adjusted p < 3.0 × 10-58). While MPS signals correlate with specific parameters that describe the local process or environments, it is more prudent to employ both the magnitude and pattern of a composite signal like the MPS signal describe the change to reflect any shift in the local environment. When compared to a baseline pattern, this change in signal magnitude and pattern reveals important information that can be employed to tailor and optimize any condition or process which involves microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Burge
- Burge Environmental Inc., 6100 South Maple Avenue, Suite 114, Tempe, AZ 85283, USA
| | - Kiril D Hristovski
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton, Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University - Polytechnic Campus, 7171 E. Sonoran Arroyo Mall, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA.
| | - Russell G Burge
- Burge Environmental Inc., 6100 South Maple Avenue, Suite 114, Tempe, AZ 85283, USA
| | - David A Hoffman
- Burge Environmental Inc., 6100 South Maple Avenue, Suite 114, Tempe, AZ 85283, USA
| | - Daniel Saboe
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton, Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University - Polytechnic Campus, 7171 E. Sonoran Arroyo Mall, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - PengFei Chao
- Equity Lifestyle Properties Inc., 8700 E. University Dr., Mesa, AZ 85207, United States of America
| | - Evan Taylor
- Burge Environmental Inc., 6100 South Maple Avenue, Suite 114, Tempe, AZ 85283, USA; The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton, Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University - Polytechnic Campus, 7171 E. Sonoran Arroyo Mall, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
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6
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Plekhanova YV, Reshetilov AN. Microbial Biosensors for the Determination of Pesticides. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934819120098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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7
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Pundir C, Malik A, Preety. Bio-sensing of organophosphorus pesticides: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 140:111348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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8
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Jain M, Yadav P, Joshi A, Kodgire P. Advances in detection of hazardous organophosphorus compounds using organophosphorus hydrolase based biosensors. Crit Rev Toxicol 2019; 49:387-410. [DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2019.1626800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jain
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Priyanka Yadav
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Abhijeet Joshi
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Prashant Kodgire
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
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Adekunle A, Raghavan V, Tartakovsky B. A comparison of microbial fuel cell and microbial electrolysis cell biosensors for real-time environmental monitoring. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 126:105-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Ye Y, Guo H, Sun X. Recent progress on cell-based biosensors for analysis of food safety and quality control. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 126:389-404. [PMID: 30469077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Food quality and safety has become a subject of major concern for authorities and professionals in the food supply chain. Rapid methods, particularly biosensors, have exceptional specificity and sensitivity, rapid response times, low cost, relatively compact size, and are user friendly to operate. Cell-based biosensors are portable, and provide the biological activity of the analyte suitable for an initial screening of food. In this overview, the utilization of cell-based biosensors for food safety and quality analyses, such as detecting toxins, foodborne pathogens, allergens, and evaluating toxicity and function are summarized. Our results will promote the future development of cell-based biosensors in the food field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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11
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Khatun MA, Hoque MA, Zhang Y, Lu T, Cui L, Zhou NY, Feng Y. Bacterial Consortium-Based Sensing System for Detecting Organophosphorus Pesticides. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10577-10584. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Rajangam B, Daniel DK, Krastanov AI. Progress in enzyme inhibition based detection of pesticides. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:4-19. [PMID: 32624856 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The previous few decades have seen the development of biosensors and their use in monitoring of pesticides in food and environmental samples. Although inhibition-based biosensors have been subject of several recent research works, their performance characteristics greatly depend on the type of immobilization and the presence of interfering compounds in the samples. Moreover, sensitivity, detection limits, and rapidity of the response are few of the other major features that need to be investigated further if they are to become operationally user-friendly. This review will highlight research carried out in the past on biosensors that are based on enzyme inhibition for determination of organophosphorus compounds and carbamate pesticides.
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13
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Kaur N, Prabhakar N. Current scenario in organophosphates detection using electrochemical biosensors. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Tahirbegi IB, Ehgartner J, Sulzer P, Zieger S, Kasjanow A, Paradiso M, Strobl M, Bouwes D, Mayr T. Fast pesticide detection inside microfluidic device with integrated optical pH, oxygen sensors and algal fluorescence. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 88:188-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Chong H, Ching CB. Development of Colorimetric-Based Whole-Cell Biosensor for Organophosphorus Compounds by Engineering Transcription Regulator DmpR. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:1290-1298. [PMID: 27346389 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
It is useful for whole-cell biosensors to be based on colorimetric detection because the output signal can be easily visualized. However, colorimetric-based whole-cell biosensors suffer higher detection limits as compared to bioluminescence- or fluorescence-based biosensors. In this work, we attempt to reduce the detection limit for a colorimetric-based whole-cell biosensor by applying directed evolution techniques on a transcription regulator, DmpR, to alter the expression level of its cognate promoter, which was fused to mRFP1 to output red coloration in the presence of organophosphate pesticides containing a phenolic group. We selected the two best-performing mutants, DM01 and DM12, which were able to develop red coloration in the presence of parathion as low as 10 μM after just 6 h of induction at 30 °C. This suggests that engineering of the transcription regulator in the sensing domain is useful for improving various properties of whole-cell biosensors, such as reducing the detection limit for simple colorimetric detection of organophosphate pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Chong
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Chi Bun Ching
- Temasek Laboratories, National University of Singapore 117411, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore 117585, Singapore
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Bao J, Hou C, Dong Q, Ma X, Chen J, Huo D, Yang M, Galil KHAE, Chen W, Lei Y. ELP-OPH/BSA/TiO2 nanofibers/c-MWCNTs based biosensor for sensitive and selective determination of p-nitrophenyl substituted organophosphate pesticides in aqueous system. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:935-942. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Hassan SHA, Van Ginkel SW, Hussein MAM, Abskharon R, Oh SE. Toxicity assessment using different bioassays and microbial biosensors. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:106-18. [PMID: 27071051 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity assessment of water streams, wastewater, and contaminated sediments, is a very important part of environmental pollution monitoring. Evaluation of biological effects using a rapid, sensitive and cost effective method can indicate specific information on ecotoxicity assessment. Recently, different biological assays for toxicity assessment based on higher and lower organisms such as fish, invertebrates, plants and algal cells, and microbial bioassays have been used. This review focuses on microbial biosensors as an analytical device for environmental, food, and biomedical applications. Different techniques which are commonly used in microbial biosensing include amperometry, potentiometry, conductometry, voltammetry, microbial fuel cells, fluorescence, bioluminescence, and colorimetry. Examples of the use of different microbial biosensors in assessing a variety of environments are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedky H A Hassan
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, New Valley Branch, 72511 Al-Kharja, Egypt
| | - Steven W Van Ginkel
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | | | - Romany Abskharon
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIFO), 11516 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sang-Eun Oh
- Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University, 200-701 Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South Korea.
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18
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Shah N, Naseby D. Validation of constitutively expressed bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a rapid microbiological quantification tool. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:447-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Alvarenga N, Birolli WG, Seleghim MHR, Porto ALM. Biodegradation of methyl parathion by whole cells of marine-derived fungi Aspergillus sydowii and Penicillium decaturense. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 117:47-52. [PMID: 24955826 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Seven marine fungi strains (Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 934, A. sydowii CBMAI 935, A. sydowii CBMAI 1241, Penicillium decaturense CBMAI 1234, Penicillium raistrickii CBMAI 931, P. raistrickii CBMAI 1235, and Trichoderma sp. CBMAI 932) were screened by their growth in the presence of methyl parathion (MP) in a solid culture medium. The strains with best growth were A. sydowii CBMAI 935 and P. decaturense CBMAI 1234. Biodegradation reactions were performed in 10, 20 and 30d in a malt extract liquid medium containing commercial MP and whole cells of A. sydowii CBMAI 935 and P. decaturense CBMAI 1234. In 20d, A. sydowii CBMAI 935 was able to degrade all pesticide, whereas P. decaturense CBMAI 1234 promoted a complete degradation in 30d. A. sydowii CBMAI 935 and P. decaturense CBMAI 1234 could degrade the product of the MP enzymatic hydrolysis, p-nitrophenol, on average of 51 and 40% respectively. Both strains used MP as a sole source of carbon and provided satisfactory results. Metabolites detected in the medium showed that the presumable reaction pathway occurred through the activation of MP to its more toxic form, methyl paraoxon, which was further degraded to p-nitrophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Alvarenga
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, n° 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Jd. Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian G Birolli
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, n° 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Jd. Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirna H R Seleghim
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Microbiologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Via Washington Luís, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André L M Porto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. João Dagnone, n° 1100, Ed. Química Ambiental, Jd. Santa Angelina, 13563-120 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Environmental applications of photoluminescence-based biosensors. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [PMID: 19475374 DOI: 10.1007/10_2008_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
For monitoring and treatment of soil and water, environmental scientists and engineers require measurements of the concentration of chemical contaminants. Although laboratory-based methods relying on gas or liquid chromatography can yield very accurate measurements, they are also complex, time consuming, expensive, and require sample pretreatment. Furthermore, they are not readily adapted for in situ measurements.Sensors are devices that can provide continuous, in situ measurements, ideally without the addition of reagents. A biosensor incorporates a biological component coupled to a transducer, which translates the interaction between the analyte and the biocomponent into a signal that can be processed and reported. A wide range of transducers have been employed in biosensors, the most common of which are electrochemical and optical. In this contribution, we focus on photoluminescence-based biosensors of potential use in the applications described above.Following a review of photoluminescence and a discussion of the optoelectronic hardware part of these biosensor systems, we provide explanations and examples of optical biosensors for specific chemical groups: hydrocarbons and alcohols, halogenated organics, nitro-, phospho-, sulfo-, and other substituted organics, and metals and other inorganics. We also describe approaches that have been taken to describe chemical mixtures as a whole (biological oxygen demand and toxicity) since most environmental samples contain mixtures of unknown (and changing) composition. Finally, we end with some thoughts on future research directions that are necessary to achieve the full potential of environmental biosensors.
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Kim CS, Seo JH, Kang DG, Cha HJ. Engineered whole-cell biocatalyst-based detoxification and detection of neurotoxic organophosphate compounds. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:652-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Tang X, Zhang T, Liang B, Han D, Zeng L, Zheng C, Li T, Wei M, Liu A. Sensitive electrochemical microbial biosensor for p-nitrophenylorganophosphates based on electrode modified with cell surface-displayed organophosphorus hydrolase and ordered mesopore carbons. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 60:137-42. [PMID: 24794405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical microbial biosensor for the rapid monitoring of p-nitrophenyl-substituted organophosphates (OPs) compounds based on glass carbon electrode (GCE) modified with both ordered mesopore carbons (OMCs) and cell surface-expressed organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) (OPH-bacteria/OMCs/GCE) was described in this paper. The genetically engineered Escherichia coli strain surface displayed mutant OPH (S5) with improved enzyme activity and favorable stability was constructed using a newly identified N-terminal of ice nucleation protein as an anchoring motif, which can be used directly without further time-consuming enzyme-extraction and purification, thereafter greatly improved the stability of the enzyme. Compared to OPH-bacteria modified GCE (OPH-bacteria/GCE), the OPH-bacteria/OMCs/GCE not only significantly enhanced the current response but also reduced the oxidation overpotential towards oxidizable p-nitrophenol (p-NP), which was the hydrolysate of p-nitrophenyl-substituted OPs. Under the optimized experimental conditions, at +0.84 V (vs. SCE), the current-time curve was performed with varying OPs concentration. The current response was linear with paraoxon concentration within 0.05-25 μM. Similarly, linear range of 0.05-25 μM was found for parathion, and 0.08-30 μM for methyl parathion. The low limits of detection were evaluated to be 9.0 nM for paraoxon, 10nM for parathion and 15 nM for methyl parathion (S/N=3). Thus, a highly specific, sensitive and rapid microbial biosensor was established, which holds great promise for on-site detection of trace p-nitrophenyl-substituted OPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjiang Tang
- Laboratory for Biosensing, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, and Key Laboratory of Bioenergy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Laboratory for Biosensing, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, and Key Laboratory of Bioenergy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Laboratory for Biosensing, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, and Key Laboratory of Bioenergy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongfei Han
- Laboratory for Biosensing, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, and Key Laboratory of Bioenergy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingxing Zeng
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Tie Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Mingdeng Wei
- Institute of Advanced Energy Materials, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Laboratory for Biosensing, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, and Key Laboratory of Bioenergy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Graphene and Graphene Oxide Materials for Chemo- and Biosensing of Chemical and Biochemical Hazards. MAKING AND EXPLOITING FULLERENES, GRAPHENE, AND CARBON NANOTUBES 2013; 348:237-65. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Liu S, Zheng Z, Li X. Advances in pesticide biosensors: current status, challenges, and future perspectives. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:63-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sassolas A, Prieto-Simón B, Marty JL. Biosensors for Pesticide Detection: New Trends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2012.33030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Xu X, Ying Y. Microbial Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring and Food Analysis. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2011.563393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mulchandani A, Rajesh. Microbial Biosensors for Organophosphate Pesticides. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:687-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pasco NF, Weld RJ, Hay JM, Gooneratne R. Development and applications of whole cell biosensors for ecotoxicity testing. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:931-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Su L, Jia W, Hou C, Lei Y. Microbial biosensors: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:1788-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Bhadekar R, Pote S, Tale V, Nirichan B. Developments in Analytical Methods for Detection of Pesticides in Environmental Samples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/ajac.2011.228118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chalova VI, Froelich CA, Ricke SC. Potential for development of an Escherichia coli-based biosensor for assessing bioavailable methionine: a review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2010; 10:3562-84. [PMID: 22319312 PMCID: PMC3274233 DOI: 10.3390/s100403562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methionine is an essential amino acid for animals and is typically considered one of the first limiting amino acids in animal feed formulations. Methionine deficiency or excess in animal diets can lead to sub-optimal animal performance and increased environmental pollution, which necessitates its accurate quantification and proper dosage in animal rations. Animal bioassays are the current industry standard to quantify methionine bioavailability. However, animal-based assays are not only time consuming, but expensive and are becoming more scrutinized by governmental regulations. In addition, a variety of artifacts can hinder the variability and time efficacy of these assays. Microbiological assays, which are based on a microbial response to external supplementation of a particular nutrient such as methionine, appear to be attractive potential alternatives to the already established standards. They are rapid and inexpensive in vitro assays which are characterized with relatively accurate and consistent estimation of digestible methionine in feeds and feed ingredients. The current review discusses the potential to develop Escherichia coli-based microbial biosensors for methionine bioavailability quantification. Methionine biosynthesis and regulation pathways are overviewed in relation to genetic manipulation required for the generation of a respective methionine auxotroph that could be practical for a routine bioassay. A prospective utilization of Escherichia coli methionine biosensor would allow for inexpensive and rapid methionine quantification and ultimately enable timely assessment of nutritional profiles of feedstuffs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesela I. Chalova
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA; E-Mails: (V.I.C.); (C.A.F.)
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Clifford A. Froelich
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA; E-Mails: (V.I.C.); (C.A.F.)
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA; E-Mails: (V.I.C.); (C.A.F.)
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
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Singh S, Kang SH, Mulchandani A, Chen W. Bioremediation: environmental clean-up through pathway engineering. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2008; 19:437-44. [PMID: 18760355 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2008.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 07/24/2008] [Accepted: 07/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Saleem M, Brim H, Hussain S, Arshad M, Leigh M, Zia-ul-hassan. Perspectives on microbial cell surface display in bioremediation. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 26:151-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2007.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2007] [Revised: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ding Y, Garcia CD, Rogers KR. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Microchip Electrophoresis with Contactless Conductivity Detection for Measurement of Chemical Warfare Agent Degradation Products. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701792943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Paliwal S, Wales M, Good T, Grimsley J, Wild J, Simonian A. Fluorescence-based sensing of p-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenyl substituent organophosphates. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 596:9-15. [PMID: 17616234 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A novel detection method for organophosphate neurotoxins has been described, based on the fluorescence quenching of a Coumarin derivative. These dyes are similar in structure to some organophosphates (OPs), and they fluoresce in the blue-green region of the spectra. This methodology has been utilized for the detection of organophosphates whose hydrolysis product is p-nitrophenol by using an enzyme, organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH). Coumarin1 in the presence of p-nitrophenol results in a quenching of fluorescence, providing a direct measure of the concentration of p-nitrophenol present in the sample. The decrease in fluorescence intensity is proportional to the paraoxon concentration in the range of 7.0x10(-7)-1.7x10(-4) M. The specificity of this sensing application for p-nitrophenyl substituent OPs has also been demonstrated. OPs are a class of synthetic organic pesticides which generally have a short residual life and can cause numerous acute and chronic health effects. They have been an integral part of the agricultural industry for the past several decades due to their target specificities and selectable toxicities. The toxic nature of these compounds can be attributed to the species-specific inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an important enzyme responsible for the regeneration of neural synaptic function. In addition to their wide agricultural and urban usage, they have also been exploited for the development of neurological chemical warfare agents. Currently available technologies for OP detection include sol-gel thin films, screen printed electrodes, acoustic patterning, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and various other intricate techniques that have limited field applicabilities. This optically-based approach promises much simpler and more direct detection capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Paliwal
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, United States
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Mawhinney DB, Hamelin EI, Fraser R, Silva SS, Pavlopoulos AJ, Kobelski RJ. The determination of organophosphonate nerve agent metabolites in human urine by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 852:235-43. [PMID: 17289448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive, robust isotope dilution LC/MS/MS method is presented for the quantitative analysis of human urine for the alkyl methylphosphonic acid metabolites of five organophosphorus nerve agents (VX, rVX or VR, GB or Sarin, GD or Soman, and GF or Cyclosarin). The selective sample preparation method employs non-bonded silica solid-phase extraction and is partially automated. While working with a mobile phase composition that enhances the electrospray ionization process, the hydrophilic interaction chromatography method results in a 5-min injection-to-injection cycle time, excellent peak shapes and adequate retention (k'=3.1). These factors lead to limits of detection for these metabolites as low as 30 pg/mL in a 1-mL sample of human urine. The quality control data (15 and 75 ng/mL) demonstrate accurate (-0.5 to +3.4%) and precise (coefficients of variation of 2.1-3.6%) quantitative results over the clinically relevant urine concentration range of 1-200 ng/mL for a validation set of 20 standard and quality control sets prepared by five analysts over 54 days. The selectivity of the method is demonstrated for a 100-individual reference range study, as well as the analysis of relevant biological samples. The combined sample preparation and analysis portions of this method have a throughput of 288 samples per day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Mawhinney
- National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Laboratory Sciences, Emergency Response and Air Toxicants, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Mailstop F-44, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Zourob M, Ong KG, Zeng K, Mouffouk F, Grimes CA. A wireless magnetoelastic biosensor for the direct detection of organophosphorus pesticides. Analyst 2007; 132:338-43. [PMID: 17554413 DOI: 10.1039/b616035b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An organophosphorus (OP) pesticide sensor was fabricated by applying a pH-sensitive polymer coating and organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) enzyme onto the surface of a magnetoelastic sensor, the magnetic analogue of the better-known surface acoustic wave sensor. Organophosphorus hydrolase catalyses the hydrolysis of a wide range of organophosphorus compounds, which changes the pH in the hydrogel. This article describes the application of the magnetoelastic sensor for the detection of OP pesticides by measuring the changes in viscoelasticity caused by the swelling/shrinking of the pH-responsive polymer when exposed to the pesticides. The sensor was successfully used to detect paraoxon and parathion down to a concentration of 1 x 10(-7) and 8.5 x 10(-7) M respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Zourob
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Zourob M, Simonian A, Wild J, Mohr S, Fan X, Abdulhalim I, Goddard NJ. Optical leaky waveguide biosensors for the detection of organophosphorus pesticides. Analyst 2007; 132:114-20. [PMID: 17260070 DOI: 10.1039/b612871h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides can be rapidly detected by integrating organophosphorus hydrolase with an optical leaky waveguide biosensor. This enzyme catalyses the hydrolysis of a wide range of organophosphorus compounds causing an increase in the pH. Thus, the direct detection of OP is possible by monitoring of the pH changes associated with the enzyme's activity. This article describes the use of an optical, leaky waveguide clad with absorbing materials for the detection of OP pesticides by measuring changes in refractive index, absorbance and fluorescence. In the most effective configuration, a thick sensing layer was used to increase the amount of immobilized enzyme and to increase the light interaction with the sensing layer, resulting in a greatly enhanced sensitivity. The platforms developed in this work were successfully used to detect paraoxon and parathion down to 4 nM concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zourob
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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