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Wang X, Yang T, Fang L, Yang Y, Zhang H, Yang J, Wang C, Fan L, Zang X, Meng S, Song C. Citizen science in action: Time-resolved immunofluorescence-based field detection of antibiotics with portable analytical kit. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173251. [PMID: 38750731 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Citizen scientist-based environmental monitoring and public education are becoming increasingly popular. However, current technologies for antibiotic-based novel contaminant identification are still restricted to laboratory sample collection and analysis due to detection methodologies and apparatus limitations. This study developed a time-resolved immunofluorescence-based simultaneous field-based assay for ciprofloxacin (CIP) and enrofloxacin (ENR) that matches test results to geographic locations. The assay helps the public understand the potential levels of antibiotic exposures in their environments and helps them take appropriate action to reduce risk. The assay was developed using smartphones and social software in addition to rapid testing. The method uses a portable, low-cost analytical kit with a smartphone app to build a field-based detection platform for the detection and analysis of ENR and CIP in water and aquatic products. The methodological evaluation was good, with detection limits of 0.4 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/g for ENR in water and fish, and quantification limits of 1.2 ng/mL and 1.4 ng/g, with recoveries of 89.0 %-101.0 % and 78.0 %-97.0 %. For CIP in water and fish, the limits of detection were 0.3 ng/mL and 0.4 ng/g, the limits of quantification were 0.9 ng/mL and 1.2 ng/g, and the recoveries were 75.0 %-91.0 % and 72.0 %-89.0 %, both with coefficients of variation <15 %. These limits were sufficient to prevent the two antibiotics from crossing over during simultaneous detection. The assay was validated using real samples to assess the effectiveness of the assay platform in field deployments, and the results were consistent with those obtained through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) techniques. In addition, the TRFIA assay process requires less time, uses more portable instruments, and is less complex than traditional methods. This study provides a new scientific, accurate, and rapid detection method for antibiotic detection by citizen scientists, helping scientists to obtain a wider range of data and providing more opportunities to solve scientific problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Wang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081 Wuxi, PR China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Su Wei Institute of Microbiology Co., Ltd., 214063 Wuxi, PR China
| | - Longxiang Fang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000 Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081 Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081 Wuxi, PR China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Jiangsu Su Wei Institute of Microbiology Co., Ltd., 214063 Wuxi, PR China
| | - Jianghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing University Xianlin Campus, 163 Xianlin Avenue, 210023 Nanjing, PR China
| | - Changbo Wang
- Kunshan Aquatic Technology Promotion Station, 215300 Suzhou, PR China
| | - Limin Fan
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000 Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081 Wuxi, China
| | - Xuelei Zang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100000 Beijing, PR China.
| | - Shunlong Meng
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000 Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081 Wuxi, China.
| | - Chao Song
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Environmental Factors (Wuxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 214081 Wuxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Control of Quality and Safety for Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100000 Beijing, PR China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081 Wuxi, China.
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Qin L, Xiao J, Yang H, Liang J, Li L, Wu S, Peng D. Rapid immunoassays for the detection of quinoxalines and their metabolites residues in animal-derived foods: A review. Food Chem 2024; 443:138539. [PMID: 38320375 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Quinoxalines are a class of veterinary drugs with antibacterial and growth-promoting functions. They are often widely used to treat and prevent animal diseases and are illegally used as animal growth promoters to increase economic benefits. Quinoxalines could be easily metabolized in animals to various residue markers and remain in animal-derived foods, which would pose a serious threat to human health. Consequently, it is necessary to detect the residues of quinoxalines and their metabolites. This article reviewed and evaluated immunoassays for quinoxalines and their metabolites in animal-derived foods, mainly including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, fluorescence immunosorbent assays, immunochromatography, and surface plasmon resonance biosensors. In addition, we deeply explored the design of haptens for quinoxalines and their metabolites and analyzed the effect of haptens on antibody performance. This paper aims to provide guidance and references for their accurate and sensitive detection, thereby ensuring food safety and human public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangni Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaxu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jixiang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Long Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shixiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Kaewnu K, Kongkaew S, Unajak S, Hoihuan A, Jaengphop C, Kanatharana P, Thavarungkul P, Limbut W. A reusable screen-printed carbon electrode-based aptasensor for the determination of chloramphenicol in food and environment samples. Talanta 2024; 273:125857. [PMID: 38490024 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical aptasensor was developed for the determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) in fresh foods and food products. The aptasensor was developed using Prussian blue (PB) and chitosan (CS) film. PB acts as a redox probe for detection and CS acts as a sorption material. The aptamer (Apt) was immobilized on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Under optimum conditions, the linearity of the aptasensor was between 1.0 and 6.0 × 106 ng L-1 with a detection limit of 0.65 and a quantification limit of 2.15 ng L-1. The electrode could be regenerated up to 24 times without the use of chemicals. The aptasensor showed good repeatability (RSD <11.2%) and good reproducibility (RSD <7.7%). The proposed method successfully quantified CAP in milk, shrimp pond water and shrimp meat with good accuracy (recovery = 88.0 ± 0.6% to 100 ± 2%). The proposed aptasensor could be especially useful in agriculture to ensure the quality of food and the environment and could be used to determine other antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krittapas Kaewnu
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Supatinee Kongkaew
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Sasimanas Unajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Kasetsart Vaccines and Biologics Innovation Centre, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Atittaya Hoihuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Kasetsart Vaccines and Biologics Innovation Centre, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Chutikarn Jaengphop
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Kasetsart Vaccines and Biologics Innovation Centre, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Proespichaya Kanatharana
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Panote Thavarungkul
- Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Warakorn Limbut
- Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Forensic Science Innovation and Service Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Trace Analysis and Biosensor, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
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Khalifa HO, Shikoray L, Mohamed MYI, Habib I, Matsumoto T. Veterinary Drug Residues in the Food Chain as an Emerging Public Health Threat: Sources, Analytical Methods, Health Impacts, and Preventive Measures. Foods 2024; 13:1629. [PMID: 38890858 PMCID: PMC11172309 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Veterinary medications are necessary for both contemporary animal husbandry and food production, but their residues can linger in foods obtained from animals and pose a dangerous human risk. In this review, we aim to highlight the sources, occurrence, human exposure pathways, and human health effects of drug residues in food-animal products. Following the usage of veterinary medications, pharmacologically active compounds known as drug residues can be found in food, the environment, or animals. They can cause major health concerns to people, including antibiotic resistance development, the development of cancer, teratogenic effects, hypersensitivity, and disruption of normal intestinal flora. Drug residues in animal products can originate from variety of sources, including water or food contamination, extra-label drug use, and ignoring drug withdrawal periods. This review also examines how humans can be exposed to drug residues through drinking water, food, air, and dust, and discusses various analytical techniques for identifying these residues in food. Furthermore, we suggest some potential solutions to prevent or reduce drug residues in animal products and human exposure pathways, such as implementing withdrawal periods, monitoring programs, education campaigns, and new technologies that are crucial for safeguarding public health. This review underscores the urgency of addressing veterinary drug residues as a significant and emerging public health threat, calling for collaborative efforts from researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to develop sustainable solutions that ensure the safety of the global food supply chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazim O. Khalifa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (M.-Y.I.M.); (I.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 3351, Egypt
| | - Lamek Shikoray
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (M.-Y.I.M.); (I.H.)
| | - Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (M.-Y.I.M.); (I.H.)
- ASPIRE Research Institute for Food Security in the Drylands (ARIFSID), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ihab Habib
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates; (L.S.); (M.-Y.I.M.); (I.H.)
- ASPIRE Research Institute for Food Security in the Drylands (ARIFSID), United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tetsuya Matsumoto
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita 286-0048, Japan
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Li F, Xiong S, Zhao P, Dong P, Wu Z. Few Layer Ti 3C 2 MXene-Based Label-Free Aptasensor for Ultrasensitive Determination of Chloramphenicol in Milk. Molecules 2023; 28:6074. [PMID: 37630325 PMCID: PMC10459553 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative detection of veterinary drug residues in animal-derived food is of great significance. In this work, a simple and label-free electrochemical aptasensor for the highly sensitive detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk was successfully developed based on a new biosensing method, where the single- or few-layer Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets functionalized via the specific aptamer by self-assembly were used as electrode modifiers for a glassy carbon electrode (aptamer/Ti3C2 MXene/GCE). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and so on were utilized for electrochemical and morphological characterization. Under the optimized conditions, the constructed aptasensor exhibited excellent performance with a wider linearity to CAP in the range from 10 fM to 1 μM and a low detection limit of 1 fM. Aptamer/Ti3C2 MXene/GCE demonstrated remarkable selectivity over other potentially interfering antibiotics, as well as exceptional reproducibility and stability. In addition, the aptasensor was successfully applied to determine CAP in milk with acceptable recovery values of 96.13% to 108.15% and relative standard deviations below 9%. Therefore, the proposed electrochemical aptasensor is an excellent alternative for determining CAP in food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zijian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China; (F.L.); (S.X.); (P.Z.); (P.D.)
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Zhang YY, Li LH, Wang Y, Wang H, Xu ZL, Tian YX, Sun YM, Yang JY, Shen YD. Ultrasensitive and rapid colorimetric detection of paraquat via a high specific VHH nanobody. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 205:114089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gopi PK, Srinithi S, Chen SM, Hunsur Ravikumar C. Simple construction of GdBiVO4 assembled on reduced graphene oxide for selective and sensitive electrochemical detection of chloramphenicol in food samples. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04457e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the influence of phase purity and crystallinity on the electrochemical properties of well-designed GdBiVO4@rGO nanocomposite, fabricated by the facile hydrothermal method for the detection of chloramphenicol (CP), is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Gopi
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Subburaj Srinithi
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chandan Hunsur Ravikumar
- Centre for Nano and Materials Sciences, Jain global campus, Jain University, Jakkasandra post Ramanagaram dist., India, 52110
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Development of Time-Resolved Fluorescence Immunochromatographic Assays for Simultaneously Detecting Tylosin and Tilmicosin in Milk in Group-Screening Manner. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081838. [PMID: 34441616 PMCID: PMC8392306 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tylosin and tilmicosin (T&T) residues in livestock products have received extensive attention from consumers. Time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatographic assay (TRFICA), as a fast, efficient and sensitive immunoassay method, has played an increasingly important role in the food safety field. Therefore, herein a quantitative and visual TRFICA was established for simultaneously detecting T&T in milk in a group-screening manner. Under the optimal conditions, the standard curve range of developed TRFICA based on the T&T was 1.87~7.47 ng/mL, and the half-maximal inhibition concentrations (IC50) were 4.06 ng/mL and 3.74 ng/mL, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD) of the TRFICA method were from 1.72 ng/mL to 1.39 ng/mL, and the visual cut-off values were 31.25 ng/mL and 62.50 ng/mL for T&T in milk, respectively. Moreover, the stability experiments showed that the strips could be stored at 4 °C for more than 6 months, the total detection time was less than 13 min, and the cross-reactivities (CRs) with related compounds were less than 0.1%, which concluded that the developed TRFICA method could be used in real milk sample detection.
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Jia BJ, Lin M, Wang JP, Wu NP. Synthesis of molecularly imprinted microspheres and development of a fluorescence method for detection of chloramphenicol in meat. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1767-1774. [PMID: 34270836 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, nitrobenzene was used as dummy template to synthesize a type of specific molecularly imprinted microspheres for chloramphenicol, and 4-nitroaniline was coupled with three fluorophores to synthesize three fluorescent tracers. Then a competitive fluorescence method was developed on a conventional microplate for detection of chloramphenicol in chicken and pork samples. This method contained only one sample-loading step, so one assay was finished within 30 min. The IC50 was 1.8 ng/ml, and the limit of detection was 0.06 ng/g. The recoveries from chloramphenicol-fortified blank meat samples were in the range 67.5-96.2%. Furthermore, this method could be recycled three times. The detection results for some real meat samples were identical to that of a LC-MS/MS method. Therefore, this method could be used as a practical tool for routine screening for the residue of chloramphenicol in large number of meat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jie Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Min Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Jian Ping Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Ning Peng Wu
- Henan Institute of Veterinary Drug and Feed Control, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Xie Y, Wang Y, Yan X, Gan L, Le T. Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody and Development of Indirect Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Fluorescence-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Detecting 3-Amino-5-methylmorpholino-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) in Edible Animal Tissue. Molecules 2021; 26:4243. [PMID: 34299518 PMCID: PMC8307831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To monitor the illegal used of furaltadone, a highly sensitive indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay (FLISA) based on a monoclonal antibody (mAb) were developed for the detection of 3-amino-5-methylmorpholino-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), the major metabolite of furaltadone in animal tissues. The highly specific mAb, which was very sensitive to a nitrophenyl derivative of AMOZ (2-NP-AMOZ) with IC50 values of 0.11 and 0.09 ng/mL for ic-ELISA and FLISA, respectively, was selected for the development of immunoassays. For both the ic-ELISA and FLISA for AMOZ-spiked experiments, acceptable recovery rates of 81.1-105.3% and coefficients of variation of 4.7-9.8% were obtained. In addition, results from both ic-ELISA and FLISA methods for spiked samples' data showed excellent correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9652 to 0.9927. Meanwhile, the proposed ic-ELISA and FLISA for thirty spiked samples were confirmed by standard LC-MS/MS with high correlation coefficients of 0.9911 and 0.9921, respectively. These results suggest that the developed ic-ELISA and FLISA are valid and cost-effective tools for high-throughput monitoring methods for AMOZ residues in animal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- Bioassay 3D Reconstruction Laboratory, Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing 401331, China; (Y.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Yarong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xueling Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
| | - Lu Gan
- Bioassay 3D Reconstruction Laboratory, Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing 401331, China; (Y.X.); (L.G.)
| | - Tao Le
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (Y.W.); (X.Y.)
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Rapid Quantification of Chlorpromazine Residues in Pork Using Nanosphere-Based Time-Resolved Fluorescence Immunoassay Analyzer. Int J Anal Chem 2021; 2021:6633016. [PMID: 33763133 PMCID: PMC7964105 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6633016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunochromatographic assays are good analytical tools for the detection of drug residues. We report a nanosphere-based time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (nano-TRFIA) based on a monoclonal antibody and a portable TRFIA analyzer for the rapid quantification of chlorpromazine (CPZ) residues in pork. Under optimal conditions, the nano-TRFIA detected CPZ residues within 6 min of sample pretreatment. The results showed good linearity (R2 = 0.991), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.32 μg/kg, a wide dynamic range of 0.46–10.0 μg/kg, and coefficients of variation (CVs) of the overall intrabatch and interbatch assays of 7.34% and 7.65%, respectively. The nano-TRFIA was also used to detect CPZ at different spiked concentrations in pork, and the results were confirmed via ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The nano-TRFIA was evaluated for the analysis of six commercial pork samples, and the results agreed well with those obtained via UPLC-MS/MS, without significant differences (P > 0.05). Therefore, the proposed nano-TRFIA is a powerful alternative for the rapid and accurate quantification of CPZ residues in pork to meet the required Chinese maximum residue limits for veterinary drugs in foods.
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Camarca A, Varriale A, Capo A, Pennacchio A, Calabrese A, Giannattasio C, Murillo Almuzara C, D’Auria S, Staiano M. Emergent Biosensing Technologies Based on Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Surface Plasmon Resonance. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:906. [PMID: 33572812 PMCID: PMC7866296 DOI: 10.3390/s21030906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to provide an exhaustive overview of the emerging biosensor technologies for the detection of analytes of interest for food, environment, security, and health. Over the years, biosensors have acquired increasing importance in a wide range of applications due to synergistic studies of various scientific disciplines, determining their great commercial potential and revealing how nanotechnology and biotechnology can be strictly connected. In the present scenario, biosensors have increased their detection limit and sensitivity unthinkable until a few years ago. The most widely used biosensors are optical-based devices such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensors and fluorescence-based biosensors. Here, we will review them by highlighting how the progress in their design and development could impact our daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Camarca
- Institute of Food Science, CNR Italy, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (C.G.); (C.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Antonio Varriale
- Institute of Food Science, CNR Italy, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (C.G.); (C.M.A.); (M.S.)
- URT-ISA at Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessandro Capo
- Institute of Food Science, CNR Italy, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (C.G.); (C.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Angela Pennacchio
- Institute of Food Science, CNR Italy, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (C.G.); (C.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Alessia Calabrese
- Institute of Food Science, CNR Italy, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (C.G.); (C.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Cristina Giannattasio
- Institute of Food Science, CNR Italy, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (C.G.); (C.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Carlos Murillo Almuzara
- Institute of Food Science, CNR Italy, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (C.G.); (C.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Sabato D’Auria
- Institute of Food Science, CNR Italy, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (C.G.); (C.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Staiano
- Institute of Food Science, CNR Italy, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (A.C.); (A.V.); (A.C.); (A.P.); (A.C.); (C.G.); (C.M.A.); (M.S.)
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Qian J, He Q, Liu L, Wang M, Wang B, Cui L. Rapid quantification of artemisinin derivatives in antimalarial drugs with dipstick immunoassays. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113605. [PMID: 32961520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Substandard antimalarial drugs will result in unsatisfied therapeutic efficacy and increase the risk of resistance development. The point-of-care, qualitative, or semi-quantitative dipstick immunoassays cannot differentiate the substandard drugs with confidence. A rapid and quantitative analytical method that can be used under field conditions is needed. Here, three lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) based on colloidal gold nanobeads (CGN) as labels were developed for quantification of artemether, dihydroartemisinin and artesunate contents in antimalarial drugs with the aid of a portable optical scanner. Also, time-resolved fluorescent nanobeads (TRFN)-LFIA, coupled with a portable fluorescent lateral flow reader, was developed for quantification of artesunate. Commercial antimalarial drugs were used to validate these LFIAs with comparison to the gold standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The drug contents estimated with these CGN-LFIAs were in the range of 85.5-109.3% of the contents determined by HPLC with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 4.5-13.0%. The TRFN-LFIA results were in the range of 93.7-108.4% of contents determined by HPLC with a CV of 5.2-8.9%. There were no significant differences between the results of CGN-LFIA and TRFN-LIFA (P = 0.5277, t-test). Both types of LFIAs with portable readers may be used for quantitation of active ingredients in antimalarial drugs and for screening substandard antimalarial drugs in resource-limiting settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Qian
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingqing He
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mian Wang
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 304, Tampa FL 33612, USA.
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Zhao C, Si Y, Pan B, Taha AY, Pan T, Sun G. Design and fabrication of a highly sensitive and naked-eye distinguishable colorimetric biosensor for chloramphenicol detection by using ELISA on nanofibrous membranes. Talanta 2020; 217:121054. [PMID: 32498843 PMCID: PMC7304426 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) is highly specific and selective towards target molecules and is convenient for on-site detection. However, in many cases, lack of high sensitivity makes it hard to reveal a significant colorimetric signal for detecting a trace amount of target molecules. Thus, analytical instruments are required for detection, which limits the application of ELISA for on-site detection. In the present study, a highly sensitive and naked-eyed detectable colorimetric biosensor for chloramphenicol (CAP) was prepared by incorporating ELISA onto surfaces of microporous and nanofibrous membranes. The high specific surface areas of the nanofibers significantly increased the number of antibodies covalently linked onto the fiber surfaces and binding capacity of the sensor with antigens present in a sample. With such an integration, the sensitivity of the ELISA sensor was dramatically increased, and a trace number of targets could reveal a naked-eye detectable color. The immunoassay sensor exhibited a significant naked-eye distinguishable color to chloramphenicol (CAP) at 0.3 ng/mL. The successful design and fabrication of the nanofibrous membrane immunoassay sensor provide new paths towards the development of on-site inspection sensors without the assistance from any instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyi Zhao
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yang Si
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Bofeng Pan
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tingrui Pan
- Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Gang Sun
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Li S, Zhang Q, Chen M, Zhang X, Liu P. Determination of veterinary drug residues in food of animal origin: Sample preparation methods and analytical techniques. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1798247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Li
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiongyao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengdi Chen
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hygiene Detection, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Wu S, Wang M, Liu B, Yu F. Sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and gold nanoparticle immunochromatocgraphic strip for rapid detecting chloramphenicol in food. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shih‐Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of MedicineChung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Min‐Ying Wang
- Graduate Institute of BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Biing‐Hui Liu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of MedicineNational Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Feng‐Yih Yu
- Department of Medical ResearchChung Shan Medical University Hospital Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical SciencesChung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
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Wang D, Zhu J, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Yu L, Jiang J, Chen X, Wang X, Li P. Simultaneous Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Multi-Class Chemical Contaminants in Maize and Peanut with One-Stop Sample Preparation. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E56. [PMID: 30669515 PMCID: PMC6356774 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-class chemical contaminants, such as pesticides and mycotoxins, are recognized as the major risk factors in agro products. It is thus necessary to develop rapid and simple sensing methods to fulfill the on-site monitoring of multi-class chemical contaminants with different physicochemical properties. Herein, a lateral flow immunoassay via time-resolved fluorescence was developed for the rapid, on-site, simultaneous, and quantitative sensing aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁), zearalenone (ZEA), and chlorothalonil (CTN) in maize and peanut. The sample preparation was optimized to a single step, combining the grinding and extraction. Under optimal conditions, the sensing method lowered the limits of detection (LOD) to 0.16, 0.52, and 1.21 µg/kg in maize and 0.18, 0.57, and 1.47 µg/kg in peanut with an analytical range of 0.48⁻20, 1.56⁻200, and 3.63⁻300 µg/kg for AFB₁, ZEA and CTN, respectively. The protocol could be completed within 15 min, including sample preparation and lateral flow immunoassay. The recovery range was 83.24⁻110.80%. An excellent correlation was observed between this approach and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) for mycotoxins and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for pesticide in maize and peanut. This work could be applied in on-site multi-class sensing for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jianguo Zhu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Li Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xiaomei Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Xuefang Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China.
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18
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Hu X, Yao J, Wang F, Yin M, Sun Y, Hu M, Shi Q, Zhang G. Eu 3+ -labeled IgG-based time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for highly sensitive detection of aflatoxin B 1 in feed. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:674-680. [PMID: 28671318 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) is a kind of toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin. A time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) was established for quantitative detection of AFB1 in feed using Eu3+ -labeled IgG as tracer. RESULTS Monoclonal antibody (McAb) against AFB1 (9B11-D7) was prepared through immunization and cell fusion and was identified as high affinity, specificity and sensibility by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The 50% inhibition value (IC50 ) was 0.81 ng mL-1 , the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.10 ng mL-1 and detection range was 0.10-3.94 ng mL-1 . Goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) was modified by Eu3+ -DATT, generating Eu3+ -labeled IgG. Under optimal assay conditions, TRFIA was shown to be highly sensitive and specific in detection of AFB1 . The IC50 and LOD were 94.73 pg mL-1 and 3.55 pg mL-1 , respectively, and detection range was 3.55-1.11 × 103 pg mL-1 . Cross-reactivity with AFM1 , AFB2 , AFG1 and AFG2 was 31.26%, 37.6%, 127.46% and 35.74%, respectively, but zero with other analogues. In determination of AFB1 spiked in feed sample, TRFIA showed high accuracy and precision. The average recoveries ranged from 93.71% to 97.80%, and coefficient of variation was 1.25-3.73%. Good correlation between TRFIA and HPLC was demonstrated for determination of AFB1 in feeds, confirming the reliability of the developed method. CONCLUSION The developed TRFIA exhibited good potential for employment in the ultrasensitive detection of AFB1 in feed and could be used to determine total aflatoxins. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Hu
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jingjing Yao
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Mengqi Yin
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yaning Sun
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Mei Hu
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Qiaoqiao Shi
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Henan Academy of Agriculture Science/Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Zhengzhou, PR China
- Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, PR China
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19
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Advances in biosensor development for the screening of antibiotic residues in food products of animal origin – A comprehensive review. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 90:363-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Development of a Simple, Fast, and Quantitative Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strip for Folic Acid. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-017-0804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Rahimi Z, Shahbazi Y, Ahmadi F. Polypyrrole as an Efficient Solid-Phase Extraction Sorbent for Determination of Chloramphenicol Residue in Chicken Liver, Kidney, and Meat. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Wang D, Zhang Z, Li P, Zhang Q, Zhang W. Time-Resolved Fluorescent Immunochromatography of Aflatoxin B1 in Soybean Sauce: A Rapid and Sensitive Quantitative Analysis. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16071094. [PMID: 27428975 PMCID: PMC4970140 DOI: 10.3390/s16071094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and quantitative sensing of aflatoxin B1 with high sensitivity and specificity has drawn increased attention of studies investigating soybean sauce. A sensitive and rapid quantitative immunochromatographic sensing method was developed for the detection of aflatoxin B1 based on time-resolved fluorescence. It combines the advantages of time-resolved fluorescent sensing and immunochromatography. The dynamic range of a competitive and portable immunoassay was 0.3-10.0 µg·kg(-1), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 µg·kg(-1) and recoveries of 87.2%-114.3%, within 10 min. The results showed good correlation (R² > 0.99) between time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic strip test and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Soybean sauce samples analyzed using time-resolved fluorescent immunochromatographic strip test revealed that 64.2% of samples contained aflatoxin B1 at levels ranging from 0.31 to 12.5 µg·kg(-1). The strip test is a rapid, sensitive, quantitative, and cost-effective on-site screening technique in food safety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China.
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23
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Wang D, Zhang Z, Li P, Zhang Q, Ding X, Zhang W. Europium Nanospheres-Based Time-Resolved Fluorescence for Rapid and Ultrasensitive Determination of Total Aflatoxin in Feed. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:10313-10318. [PMID: 26565941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunochromatographic (IC) assays are considered suitable diagnostic tools for the determination of mycotoxins. A europium nanospheres-based time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (Eu-Nano-TRFIA), based on a monoclonal antibody and a portable TRFIA reader, was developed to determine total aflatoxin (including aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2) levels in feed samples. Under optimized conditions, the Eu-Nano-TRFIA method detected total aflatoxin within 12 min. It showed good linearity (R(2) > 0.985), LOD of 0.16 μg/kg, a wide dynamic range of 0.48-30.0 μg/kg, recovery rates of 83.9-113.9%, and coefficients of variation (CVs) of 3.5-8.8%. In the 397 samples from company and livestock farms throughout China, the detection rate was 78.3%, concentrations were 0.50-145.30 μg/kg, the highest total aflatoxin content was found in cottonseed meal, and corn was found to be the most commonly contaminated feed. This method could be a powerful alternative for the rapid and ultrasensitive determination of total aflatoxin in quality control and meet the required Chinese maximum residue limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ding
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, China
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Le T, Yu H, Niu X. Detecting quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid in animal tissues by using sensitive rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Food Chem 2015; 175:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Wang J, Cheng M, Zhang Z, Guo L, Liu Q, Jiang G. An antibody-graphene oxide nanoribbon conjugate as a surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization probe with high sensitivity and selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4619-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10401c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-functionalized graphene oxide nanoribbons were synthesized and applied as highly sensitive and selective SELDI probes for mass spectrometry detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Mengting Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering
- Jiangsu University
- Zhenjiang 212013
- China
| | - Liangqia Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100085
- China
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Wu K, Guo L, Xu W, Xu H, Aguilar ZP, Xu G, Lai W, Xiong Y, Wan Y. Sulfonated polystyrene magnetic nanobeads coupled with immunochromatographic strip for clenbuterol determination in pork muscle. Talanta 2014; 129:431-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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27
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Tölgyesi Á, Fekete J, Sharma V, Pálffi É, Békési K, Lukonics D, Pleva G. A LC-MS/MS confirmatory method for determination of chloramphenicol in real samples screened by competitive immunoassay. ACTA ALIMENTARIA 2014. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.43.2014.2.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Li C, Luo W, Xu H, Zhang Q, Xu H, Aguilar ZP, Lai W, Wei H, Xiong Y. Development of an immunochromatographic assay for rapid and quantitative detection of clenbuterol in swine urine. Food Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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Liu N, Song S, Lu L, Nie D, Han Z, Yang X, Zhao Z, Wu A, Zheng X. A rabbit monoclonal antibody-based sensitive competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay for rapid detection of chloramphenicol residue. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2013.847065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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31
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A highly sensitive europium nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay for detection of chloramphenicol residue. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7541-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Tao X, Jiang H, Yu X, Zhu J, Wang X, Wang Z, Niu L, Wu X, Shen J. Simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol, florfenicol and florfenicol amine in ham sausage with a hybrid chemiluminescent immunoassay. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2013; 30:804-12. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.781685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Wei S, Le T, Chen Y, Xu J, He H, Niu X, Luo J. Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for quantitative determination of tylosin and tilmicosin in edible animal tissues. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-5749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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A simple and sensitive electrochemical aptasensor for determination of Chloramphenicol in honey based on target-induced strand release. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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35
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Xu J, Yin W, Zhang Y, Yi J, Meng M, Wang Y, Xue H, Zhang T, Xi R. Establishment of magnetic beads-based enzyme immunoassay for detection of chloramphenicol in milk. Food Chem 2012; 134:2526-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Zhang Y, Huang B, Zhang J, Wang K, Jin J. Development of a homogeneous immunoassay based on the AlphaLISA method for the detection of chloramphenicol in milk, honey and eggs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2012; 92:1944-1947. [PMID: 22234784 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A homogenous light-induced chemiluminescence immunoassay was developed using AlphaLISA technology for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP). This technology is based on two different kinds of bead, namely light-sensitive donor beads and beads containing chemiluminescers, also called acceptor beads. A competitive CAP AlphaLISA method was established using artificial antigen-coated acceptor beads, polyclonal antibodies, biotinylated goat anti-rabbit IgG and streptavidin-coated donor beads. RESULTS The sensitivity of detection was 0.0086 ng mL⁻¹ and the working range was from 0.0096 to 25 ng mL⁻¹. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were both below 10%. The average recovery rates at spiked levels of 0.05-10 ng mL⁻¹ were 103.2, 108.4 and 91.6% for milk, honey and eggs respectively. The data obtained from the samples showed good correlation with ELISA results. CONCLUSION The CAP AlphaLISA method is highly sensitive, specific and rapid and is suitable for screening large quantities of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
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Tao X, Jiang H, Zhu J, Niu L, Wu X, Shi W, Wang Z, Shen J. Detection of Ultratrace Chloramphenicol Residues in Milk and Chicken Muscle Samples Using a Chemiluminescent ELISA. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.673335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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38
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Samsonova JV, Cannavan A, Elliott CT. A Critical Review of Screening Methods for the Detection of Chloramphenicol, Thiamphenicol, and Florfenicol Residues in Foodstuffs. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2012.629951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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39
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A competitive dual-label time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for the simultaneous determination of chloramphenicol and ractopamine in swine tissue. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-011-4412-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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A novel bifunctional europium chelate applied in quantitative determination of human immunoglobin G using time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Anal Biochem 2011; 409:244-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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41
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Gao X, Duan Z, Wang S. Determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: improvement by biotin-streptavidin-amplified system. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:3265-70. [PMID: 20192212 DOI: 10.1021/jf903940h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive biotin-streptavidin amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (BA-ELISA) method was developed for the determination of chloramphenicol residues in milk. The biotin-streptavidin system was applied to enhance the sensitivity. After optimization, the detection limit of the method was found to be 0.042 +/- 0.006 ng mL(-1), which is 8-fold more sensitive than the traditional competitive ELISA using the same antibody and coating antigen. The amplification mechanism of the biotin-streptavidin system and the major factors affecting the sensitivity of detection are discussed. This method was successfully applied to determine the chloramphenicol residues in milk samples with a simple and rapid extraction procedure, and good recoveries (85.66-109.67%) were obtained. The result indicated that the biotin-streptavidin system may be a valuable tool to improve the specific detection of trace veterinary drug residues and could be widely used for routine monitoring of food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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42
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Samsonova JV, Fedorova MD, Andreeva IP, Rubtsova MY, Egorov AM. Characterization of Anti-Chloramphenicol Antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903276570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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43
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Fodey T, Murilla G, Cannavan A, Elliott C. Characterisation of antibodies to chloramphenicol, produced in different species by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and biosensor technologies. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 592:51-7. [PMID: 17499070 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Six polyclonal antisera to chloramphenicol (CAP) were successfully raised in camels, donkeys and goats. As a comparison of sensitivity, IC50 values ranged from 0.3 ng mL(-1) to 5.5 ng mL(-1) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and from 0.7 ng mL(-1) to 1.7 ng mL(-1) by biosensor assay. The introduction of bovine milk extract improved the sensitivity of four of the antisera by ELISA and two by biosensor assay; a reduction in sensitivity of the remaining antisera ranged by a factor of 1.1-2.6. Porcine kidney extract reduced the sensitivity of all the antisera by a factor ranging from 1.1 to 7 by ELISA and a factor of 1.5 to 4 by biosensor. A low cross-reactivity with thiamphenicol (TAP) and florfenicol (FF) was displayed by antiserum G2 (1.2% and 18%, respectively) when a homologous ELISA assay format was employed. No cross-reactivity was displayed by any of the antisera when a homologous biosensor assay format was employed. Switching to a heterologous ELISA format prompted three of the antisera to display more significant cross-reactivity with TAP and FF (53% and 82%, respectively, using D1). The heterologous biosensor assay also increased the cross-reactivity of D1 for TAP and FF (56% and 129%, respectively) and of one other antiserum (G1) to a lesser degree. However, unlike the ELISA, the heterologous biosensor assay produced a substantial reduction in sensitivity (by a factor of 6 for D1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Fodey
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK.
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