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Saad B. A Review of the Anti-Obesity Effects of Wild Edible Plants in the Mediterranean Diet and Their Active Compounds: From Traditional Uses to Action Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12641. [PMID: 37628822 PMCID: PMC10454857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a long-term condition resulting from a continuous imbalance between the amount of energy consumed and expended. It is associated with premature mortality and contributes to a large portion of the global chronic disease burden, including diabesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and some cancers. While lifestyle changes and dietary adjustments are the primary ways to manage obesity, they may not always be sufficient for long-term weight loss. In these cases, medication may be necessary. However, the options for drugs are limited due to their potential side effects. As a result, there is a need to identify safe and effective alternative treatments. Recently, dietary compounds, plants, and bioactive phytochemicals have been considered as promising sources for discovering new pharmacological agents to treat obesity and its related complications. These natural products can function independently or synergistically with other plants to augment their effects at various levels of the body. They can modulate appetite, lipase activity, thermogenesis and fat synthesis and degradation, satiation, adipogenesis, and adipocyte apoptosis. Additionally, targeting adipocyte growth and differentiation with diverse medicinal plants/diet is a significant strategy for devising new anti-obesity drugs that can intervene in preadipocytes, maturing preadipocytes, and mature adipocytes. Clinical trials have shown that the wild edible plants in the Mediterranean diet can reduce the risk of obesity and its related diseases. This review examines the effectiveness of the common components of the Mediterranean diet in managing obesity and its associated health issues. We conducted a comprehensive literature review using PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Medline Plus to gather data on the therapeutic effects of the Mediterranean diet and phytochemicals in treating obesity and its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Saad
- Qasemi Research Center, Al-Qasemi Academic College, P.O. Box 124, Baqa al-Gharbiyye 3010000, Israel;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Arab American University, Jenin P.O. Box 240, Palestine;
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Type 2 Diabetes mellitus alters the cargo of (poly)phenol metabolome and the oxidative status in circulating lipoproteins. Redox Biol 2022; 59:102572. [PMID: 36516720 PMCID: PMC9762197 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes on the worldwide population has tripled in the past 5 decades. While drug-based therapies are valuable strategies to treat and ease the socio-economic burden of diabetes, nutritional strategies offer valuable alternatives to prevent and manage diabetes onset and contribute to the sustainability of health budgets. Whilst, intervention studies have shown that (poly)phenol-rich diets improve fasting glucose levels and other blood parameters, very little is known about the distribution of ingested polyphenols in circulation and the impact of diabetes on its cargo. In this study we investigate the impact of type 2 diabetes on the cargo of plasma (poly)phenols. Our results show that phenolic compounds are heterogeneously distributed in circulation though mainly transported by lipoprotein populations. We also found that diabetes has a marked effect on the phenolic content transported by VLDL resulting in the decrease in the content of flavonoids and consequently a decrease in the antioxidant capacity. In addition to the reduced bioavailability of (poly)phenol metabolites and increase of oxidative status in LDL and HDL populations in diabetes, cell-based assays show that sub-micromolar amounts of microbial (poly)phenol metabolites are able to counteract the pro-inflammatory status in glucose-challenged endothelial cells. Our findings highlight the relevance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in the transport and delivery of bioactive plant-based compounds to the endothelium in T2DM supporting the adoption of nutritional guidelines as an alternative strategy to drug-based therapeutic approaches.
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Metabolism and Bioavailability of Olive Bioactive Constituents Based on In Vitro, In Vivo and Human Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183773. [PMID: 36145149 PMCID: PMC9504511 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of olive products has been established as a health-promoting dietary pattern due to their high content in compounds with eminent pharmacological properties and well-described bioactivities. However, their metabolism has not yet been fully described. The present critical review aimed to gather all scientific data of the past two decades regarding the absorption and metabolism of the foremost olive compounds, specifically of the phenylalcohols hydroxytyrosol (HTyr) and tyrosol (Tyr) and the secoiridoids oleacein (Olea), oleocanthal (Oleo) and oleuropein (Oleu). A meticulous record of the in vitro assays and in vivo (animals and humans) studies of the characteristic olive compounds was cited, and a critical discussion on their bioavailability and metabolism was performed taking into account data from their gut microbial metabolism. The existing critical review summarizes the existing knowledge regarding the bioavailability and metabolism of olive-characteristic phenylalchohols and secoiridoids and spotlights the lack of data for specific chemical groups and compounds. Critical observations and conclusions were derived from correlating structure with bioavailability data, while results from in vitro, animal and human studies were compared and discussed, giving significant insight to the future design of research approaches for the total bioavailability and metabolism exploration thereof.
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Correlation between Chemical Characterization and Biological Activity: An Urgent Need for Human Studies Using Extra Virgin Olive Oil. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020258. [PMID: 35204146 PMCID: PMC8868367 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is one of the most important functional foods from the Mediterranean Diet due to its beneficial effect on human health in terms of prevention and/or adjuvant treatment of different pathological conditions. The positive effects linked to EVOO consumption are not only due to its major (monounsaturated fatty acids), but also to its minor components (phenolics), whose roles were greatly re-evaluated in the last years. Notwithstanding the huge number of studies demonstrating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of EVOO’s phenolic compounds, only their antioxidant ability was supported by a Health Claim. However, to bear the claim, a specific phenolic composition is needed, thus reinforcing the need to correlate the characterization of the phenolic compounds to their biological activity. In fact, although the chemical characterization of VOO’s phenolic compounds was extensively studied, its correlation with biological effects is only partially investigated; this is especially true for human studies. This review aims to study the correlation between the chemical characterization of EVOO’s phenolics and the biological effects in terms of antioxidant/anti-inflammatory potentials, with a focus on the human studies and the relative concern on getting a specific Health Claim.
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Phenol Biological Metabolites as Food Intake Biomarkers, a Pending Signature for a Complete Understanding of the Beneficial Effects of the Mediterranean Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093051. [PMID: 34578929 PMCID: PMC8471182 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MD) has become a dietary pattern of reference due to its preventive effects against chronic diseases, especially relevant in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Establishing an objective tool to determine the degree of adherence to the MD is a pending task and deserves consideration. The central axis that distinguishes the MD from other dietary patterns is the choice and modality of food consumption. Identification of intake biomarkers of commonly consumed foods is a key strategy for estimating the degree of adherence to the MD and understanding the protective mechanisms that lead to a positive impact on health. Throughout this review we propose potential candidates to be validated as MD adherence biomarkers, with particular focus on the metabolites derived from the phenolic compounds that are associated with the consumption of typical Mediterranean plant foods. Certain phenolic metabolites are good indicators of the intake of specific foods, but others denote the intake of a wide-range of foods. For this, it is important to emphasise the need to increase the number of dietary interventions with specific foods in order to validate the biomarkers of MD adherence. Moreover, the identification and quantification of food phenolic intake biomarkers encouraging scientific research focuses on the study of the biological mechanisms in which polyphenols are involved.
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Antioxidant Effect of Hydroxytyrosol, Hydroxytyrosol Acetate and Nitrohydroxytyrosol in a Rat MPP + Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2923-2935. [PMID: 34260002 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03379-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl ethanol, known as hydroxytyrosol (HTy), is a phenylpropanoid found in diverse vegetable species. Several studies have demonstrated that HTy is a potent antioxidant. Thus, our study is aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of HTy and its derivatives, hydroxytyrosol acetate (HTyA) and nitrohydroxytyrosol (HTyN), in a model of oxidative stress induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in rats. Rats were administered intravenously (i.v.) in the tail with 1 mL saline solution or polyphenol compound (1.5 mg/kg) 5 min before intrastriatal infusion of 10 µg MPP+/8 µL. We found that rats injured with MPP+, pretreatment with HTy, HTyA or HTyN significantly decreased ipsilateral turns. This result was consistent with a significant preservation of striatal dopamine levels and decreased lipid fluorescence products (LFP), a marker of oxidative stress. Brain GSH/GSSG ratio, from rats pretreated with HTy or HTyN showed a significant preservation of that marker, decreased as a consequence of MPP+-induced oxidative damage. These results show an antioxidant effect of HTy, HTyA and HTyN in the MPP+ model of Parkinson's disease in the rat.
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Paknahad Z, Moosavian SP, Mahdavi R, Rajabi P. The effects of olive oil and cholesterol enriched diets on aortic fatty streak development and lipid peroxidation in rabbits. Nutr Health 2021; 28:417-424. [PMID: 34139909 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211022260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM High plasma cholesterol levels, mainly low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL) is a widely recognized major risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). According to epidemiologic studies' findings, people from the Mediterranean countries have lower CHD rates than other countries; in these countries the usual diet is high in olive oil. The present study compares the effects of a cholesterol-enriched diet with or without adding olive oil on serum lipoproteins, lipid peroxidation, and atherosclerosis development. METHODS Twenty Dutch male rabbits were categorized into four groups (one group as control, and others as experimental). They received one of control (CON), olive oil-rich (OIL), cholesterol-rich (CHOL), and cholesterol + olive oil (COIL) diet for 12 weeks. Fasting blood samples from the heart were collected at the beginning and the end of the experimental period. RESULTS Means of serum lipids were not significantly different at the beginning of the experimental period. After the intervention, significant differences were shown in total cholesterol (TC) (CON: 27.75 ± 4.83, OIL: 19.75 ± 2.62, CHOL: 1757.20 ± 149.62, COIL: 2906.40 ± 421.01; P < 0.001), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (CON: 16 ± 1.47, OIL: 10.25 ± 1.70, CHOL: 22.2 ± 3.83, COIL: 28.60 ± 6.27; P = 0.04), triglyceride (CON: 65 ± 12.21, OIL: 71.75 ± 6.23, CHOL: 244.2 ± 44.45, COIL: 775.6 ± 105.07; P < 0.001), and MDA between groups (CON: 0.57 ± 0.10, OIL: 0.63 ± 0.15, CHOL: 5.62 ± 0.18, COIL: 2.06 ± 0.64; P < 0.001). The comparison of CHOL and the COIL groups showed a higher mean of malondialdehyde (MDA) in group CHOL (4.47 ± 0.28 vs 1.1 ± 0.6; P < 0.001). Aortic lesion was not observed in CON and OIL groups. Aortic lesion degree was significantly lower in the COIL group compared to the CHOL (2.4 ± 0.6 vs 3.66 ± 0.33; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS These findings showed the preventive effect of olive oil on atherosclerosis development. However, it is independent of the plasma lipoprotein effect, and olive oil probably acts on arteries directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zamzam Paknahad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Rajabi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dietary Supplementation with Olive Mill Wastewater in Dairy Sheep: Evaluation of Cheese Characteristics and Presence of Bioactive Molecules. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10111941. [PMID: 33105801 PMCID: PMC7690602 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Using polyphenols from olive oil waste as feed supplements in animal diets can be a strategy to reduce adverse environmental effects of this by-product and to enhance the quality of products of animal origin. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of adding a polyphenolic concentrate from olive oil wastewater to a typical sheep diet on the nutraceutical and quality characteristics of cheese. The experiment was carried out on thirty-six Sarda ewes, divided into two homogenous groups fed a standard diet composed of hay and concentrate. In one of the two diets, the concentrate was supplemented (25 g/kg) with polyphenols obtained from olive mill wastewater using a special filtration system. Data showed that the polyphenol supplementation in the ewe’s diet resulted in the presence of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol sulphate metabolites in milk and cheese. Furthermore, these compounds were able to provide a direct antioxidant effect on cheese with no modification in its chemical composition. Abstract The aim of the study was to define the chemical characteristics, antioxidant capacity, oxidative status, sensory properties, and the presence of polyphenols in ovine cheese obtained after dietary administration of spray-dried olive mill wastewater (SDP). SDP is a waste from olive oil production rich in bioactive molecules obtained by further processing the olive mill wastewater through a spray-drying system. Thirty-six sheep were randomly assigned to two experimental groups that received a standard diet based on hay and concentrate. The concentrate fed to the SDP group was supplemented with SDP at a rate 25 g/kg (as fed). The trial lasted 9 weeks. Milk from the two treatment groups was separately collected and used for manufacturing cheese. Cheese quality parameters and proximate composition were not affected by the dietary treatment, whereas the antioxidant status and oxidative stability of cheese were positively affected. Polyphenol analyses in cheese were performed through liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The concentration of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, and their sulphate metabolites, were higher in cheese from supplemented sheep. These findings suggest that polyphenol metabolites can play a major role in the beneficial effects observed in food produced from sheep fed SDP.
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Kundisová I, Juan ME, Planas JM. Simultaneous Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS and Their Bioavailability after the Ingestion of Table Olives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10213-10222. [PMID: 32833444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The role attributed to polyphenols on human health needs to be correlated with their plasmatic concentrations after food consumption. Then, a method based on liquid-liquid extraction followed by highly sensitive LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was developed to determinate 16 phenolic compounds in plasma. Validation gave appropriate recovery, matrix effect (80%-120%), linear correlation (R2 > 0.995), precision (<15%), LOQ (0.04-2.51 nM), and short chromatographic run. The method was verified after the administration of Arbequina table olives to rats. A single dose of destoned olives was given by gavage, and plasmatic concentrations of polyphenols were analyzed at 30 min. Interestingly, the profile found in plasma greatly differed from that of the olives. Plasmatic concentrations, from highest to lowest, were salidroside, p-coumaric acid, hydroxytyrosol, verbascoside, tyrosol, luteolin, and luteolin-7-O-glucoside. In conclusion, a simple and robust method was developed, enabling the identification and quantification of unaltered polyphenols in plasma after olives consumption, thus demonstrating its suitability for pharmacokinetics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kundisová
- Departament de Bioquı́mica i Fisiologia and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Emília Juan
- Departament de Bioquı́mica i Fisiologia and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana M Planas
- Departament de Bioquı́mica i Fisiologia and Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Pilařová V, Kočová Vlčková H, Jung O, Protti M, Buchta V, Mercolini L, Svec F, Nováková L. Unambiguous determination of farnesol and tyrosol in vaginal fluid using fast and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6529-6541. [PMID: 32468279 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The new ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS) has been optimized to allow fast, selective, and high-throughput analysis of two Candida albicans quorum sensing molecules (QSM), farnesol and tyrosol. The problem of the presence of the interference in the samples and system was successfully solved by careful optimization of chromatographic conditions. Charged hybrid stationary phase modified with pentafluorophenyl group and optimized gradient elution provided adequate separation selectivity and peak shapes. The impurity was identified as dibutyl phthalate and had the same m/z ions as farnesol leading to an important interference on selected reaction monitoring channel. Two different types of biological matrices originating from vaginal fluid, supernatant and sediment, were analysed. Micro-solid phase extraction in pipette tips was optimized for the selective isolation of QSM from the supernatant. The insufficient retention of farnesol on the extraction sorbent was improved when 1% of organic solvent was added prior to extraction, while the retention of tyrosol was only possible when using combined C8 and polymer sorbent type. Strong retention of farnesol had to be solved by increasing elution solvent strength and volume up to 600 μL. However, this approach did not allow the pretreatment of sediment samples due to the sorbent clogging. Therefore, our previously developed protein precipitation method was modified and validated to analyse the sediments. New developed UHPLC-MS/MS method provided suitable accuracy and precision for the determination of QSM in vaginal fluid while using only 50 μL sample volume and two different sample preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pilařová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kočová Vlčková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Jung
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vladimír Buchta
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Frantisek Svec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Peluso I, Yarla NS, Ambra R, Pastore G, Perry G. MAPK signalling pathway in cancers: Olive products as cancer preventive and therapeutic agents. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 56:185-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Summerhill V, Karagodin V, Grechko A, Myasoedova V, Orekhov A. Vasculoprotective Role of Olive Oil Compounds via Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:188. [PMID: 30622950 PMCID: PMC6308304 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing evidence supports the significant role of oxidative stress in the endothelial injury, and there is a direct link between increased oxidative stress, and the development of endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction precedes the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD). The overproduction of reactive oxygen species facilitates the processes, such as oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins and phospholipids, reduction in the NOS-derived nitric oxide, and the functional disruption of high-density lipids that are profoundly involved in atherogenesis, inflammation, and thrombus formation in vascular cells. Thus, under oxidative stress conditions, endothelial dysfunction was found to be associated with the following endothelial alterations: reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, increased anticoagulant properties, increased platelet aggregation, increased expression of adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines. In this review, we summarized the evidence indicating that endothelial damage triggered by oxidation can be diminished or reversed by the compounds of olive oil, a readily available antioxidant food source. Olive oil bioactive compounds exhibited a potent capability to attenuate oxidative stress and improve endothelial function through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-thrombotic properties, therefore reducing the risk and progression of atherosclerosis. Also, their molecular mechanisms of action were explored to establish the potential preventive and/or therapeutic alternatives to the pharmacological remedies available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha Summerhill
- Skolkovo Innovative Center, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasilyi Karagodin
- Department of Commodity Research and Expertise, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Orekhov
- Skolkovo Innovative Center, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research Moscow, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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Castro-Barquero S, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Doménech M, Estruch R. Relationship between Mediterranean Dietary Polyphenol Intake and Obesity. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101523. [PMID: 30336572 PMCID: PMC6213078 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial and complex disease defined by excess of adipose mass and constitutes a serious health problem. Adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ secreting a wide range of inflammatory adipocytokines, which leads to systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders. The traditional Mediterranean diet is characterized by a high phenolic-rich foods intake, including extra-virgin olive oil, nuts, red wine, vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole-grain cereals. Evidence for polyphenols’ effect on obesity and weight control in humans is inconsistent and the health effects of polyphenols depend on the amount consumed and their bioavailability. The mechanisms involved in weight loss in which polyphenols may have a role are: activating β-oxidation; a prebiotic effect for gut microbiota; inducing satiety; stimulating energy expenditure by inducing thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue; modulating adipose tissue inhibiting adipocyte differentiation; promoting adipocyte apoptosis and increasing lipolysis. Even though the intake of some specific polyphenols has been associated with body weight changes, there is still no evidence for the effects of total polyphenols or some polyphenol subclasses in humans on adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Castro-Barquero
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Doménech
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBEROBN Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Internal Medicine Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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Liedtke S, Seifert L, Ahlmann N, Hariharan C, Franzke J, Vautz W. Coupling laser desorption with gas chromatography and ion mobility spectrometry for improved olive oil characterisation. Food Chem 2018; 255:323-331. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.01.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Lombardo L, Grasso F, Lanciano F, Loria S, Monetti E. Broad-Spectrum Health Protection of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64057-4.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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16
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Guo Z, Jia X, Zheng Z, Lu X, Zheng Y, Zheng B, Xiao J. Chemical composition and nutritional function of olive (Olea europaea L.): a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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Peyrol J, Riva C, Amiot MJ. Hydroxytyrosol in the Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. Nutrients 2017; 9:E306. [PMID: 28335507 PMCID: PMC5372969 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) constitutes the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet. VOO is rich in oleic acid, displaying health-promoting properties, but also contains minor bioactive components, especially phenolic compounds. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main polyphenol of olive oil, has been reported to be the most bioactive component. This review aims to compile the results of clinical, animal and cell culture studies evaluating the effects of HT on the features of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) (body weight/adiposity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia/insulin resistance) and associated complications (oxidative stress and inflammation). HT was able to improve the lipid profile, glycaemia, and insulin sensitivity, and counteract oxidative and inflammatory processes. Experimental studies identified multiple molecular targets for HT conferring its beneficial effect on health in spite of its low bioavailability. However, rodent experiments and clinical trials with pure HT at biologically relevant concentrations are still lacking. Moreover, the roles of intestine and its gut microbiota have not been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Peyrol
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology EA4278, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Catherine Riva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology EA4278, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Marie Josèphe Amiot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Markets, Organisations, Institutions, Stakeholder Strategies, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Montpellier SupAgro, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Division of Nutrtition, Chemical Food Safety and Consumer Behaviour, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75015 Paris, France.
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18
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Klejdus B, Plaza M, Šnóblová M, Lojková L. Development of new efficient method for isolation of phenolics from sea algae prior to their rapid resolution liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric determination. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 135:87-96. [PMID: 28012309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The extraction of phenolic compounds from 4 different sea algae samples, three brown algae (Cystoseira abies-marina, C. abies-marina grinded under cryogenic conditions with liquid nitrogen, Undaria pinnatifida and Sargassum muticum) and one red algae (Chondrus crispus) via solid phase extraction using micro-elution solid-phase extraction (μ-SPE) plate method was studied. Prior to μ-SPE, 50mg of algae with 80% methanol mixture was extracted in hyphenated series by various extraction techniques, such as pressurized liquid extraction and Ika Ultra-Turrax® Tube Drive, in combination with ultrasound assisted extraction. The μ-SPE plate technique reduced the time of sample pre-treatment thanks to higher sensitivity and pre-concentration effect. Selected groups of benzoic acid derivatives (p-hydroxybenzoic, protocatechuic, gallic, vanillic, and syringic acids), hydroxybenzaldehydes (4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde), and cinnamic acid derivatives (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, sinapic, and chlorogenic acids) were determined using rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection with negative ion electrospray ionization (RRLC-ESI-MS) using multiple reactions monitoring. LOQs of measured samples varied in the range 0.23-1.68ng/mL and LODs in the range 0.07-0.52ng/mL. The applied method allowed a simultaneous determination of phenolics (i.e. free, esters soluble in methanol, glycosides, and esters insoluble in methanol) in less than 5min (including alkaline or acidic hydrolysis of raw extracts) from sea algae extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bořivoj Klejdus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemĕdĕlská 1/1665, CZ-61300 Brno, Czechia
| | - Merichel Plaza
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Biology, Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, Universidad de Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marie Šnóblová
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemĕdĕlská 1/1665, CZ-61300 Brno, Czechia
| | - Lea Lojková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemĕdĕlská 1/1665, CZ-61300 Brno, Czechia
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19
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Effect of metabolites of hydroxytyrosol on protection against oxidative stress and inflammation in human endothelial cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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20
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Muriana FJG, Montserrat-de la Paz S, Lucas R, Bermudez B, Jaramillo S, Morales JC, Abia R, Lopez S. Tyrosol and its metabolites as antioxidative and anti-inflammatory molecules in human endothelial cells. Food Funct 2017; 8:2905-2914. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00641a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Novel biological activities for tyrosol metabolites on human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ricardo Lucas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina (CSIC)
- Granada
- Spain
| | - Beatriz Bermudez
- Department of Cell Biology
- School of Biology (University of Seville)
- 41012 Seville
- Spain
| | - Sara Jaramillo
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC)
- Seville
- Spain
| | - Juan C. Morales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina (CSIC)
- Granada
- Spain
| | - Rocio Abia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC)
- Seville
- Spain
| | - Sergio Lopez
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition
- Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC)
- Seville
- Spain
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21
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Vitaglione P, Savarese M, Paduano A, Scalfi L, Fogliano V, Sacchi R. Healthy virgin olive oil: a matter of bitterness. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 55:1808-18. [PMID: 24915318 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.708685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) is the pillar fat of Mediterranean diet. It is made from olive fruits and obtained by squeezing olives without any solvent extraction. Respect to the seed oils, an unique polar polyphenol-rich fraction gives VOO a bitter and pungent taste. The recent substantiation by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) of a health claim for VOO polyphenols may represent an efficient stimulus to get the maximum health benefit from one of the most valuable traditional product of Mediterranean countries educating consumers to the relationship between the VOO bitterness and its health effect. Agronomical practices and new processing technology to avoid phenolic oxidation and hydrolysis and to enhance the aromatic components of the VOO have been developed and they can be used to modulate taste and flavor to diversify the products on the market. VOOs having high concentration of phenol compounds are bitter and pungent therefore many people do not consume them, thus loosing the health benefits related to their intake. In this paper, the chemist's and nutritionist's point of view has been considered to address possible strategies to overcome the existing gap between the quality perceived by consumer and that established by expert tasters. Educational campaigns emphasizing the bitter-health link for olive oils should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vitaglione
- a Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Federico II University of Naples , Portici , NA , Italy
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22
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Xicota L, Fitó M, Farré M, Dierssen M, de la Torre R. Potential role of olive oil phenolic compounds in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. Molecules 2015; 20:4655-80. [PMID: 25781069 PMCID: PMC6272603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20034655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been associated with a reduced incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and better cognitive performance. Virgin olive oil, the main source of lipids in the MD, is rich in minor phenolic components, particularly hydroxytyrosol (HT). HT potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions have attracted researchers' attention and may contribute to neuroprotective effects credited to MD. In this review HT bioavailability and pharmacokinetics are presented prior to discussing health beneficial effects. In vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects together with its multiple mechanisms of action are reviewed. Other microconstituents of olive oil are also considered due to their potential neuroprotective effects (oleocanthal, triterpenic acids). Finally, we discuss the potential role of HT as a therapeutic tool in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Laura Xicota
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Cellular & Systems Neurobiology Research Group, Center of Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Montse Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Magí Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain.
| | - Mara Dierssen
- Cellular & Systems Neurobiology Research Group, Center of Genomic Regulation, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
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23
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Virruso C, Accardi G, Colonna-Romano G, Candore G, Vasto S, Caruso C. Nutraceutical properties of extra-virgin olive oil: a natural remedy for age-related disease? Rejuvenation Res 2014; 17:217-20. [PMID: 24219356 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet can be largely ascribed to the nutraceutical properties of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO). Mono-unsaturated fatty acids and various phenolic compounds, such as oleocanthal, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, are the main nutraceutical substances of EVOO. These substances have been suggested to have the ability to modulate aging-associated processes. In experimental models, it has been shown that EVOO with high concentrations of polyphenols has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. Indeed, it was observed that hydroxytyrosol and oleocanthal inhibit the cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and -2) responsible for prostaglandin production; oleuropein is a radical scavenger that blocks the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins. Due to the relevance of olive oil in the economy of Sicily, our group has been funded to assess the nutraceutical properties of different kinds of olive oil. Indeed, the aim of the study is to evaluate effects of EVOOs, with low and high polyphenols content, on immuno-inflammatory and oxidative stress responses in young and old people. A further objective of our group is to evaluate effects of EVOO, with low and high polyphenol content, on the expression of genes encoding proteins that take part in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathway involved in longevity. The results of the study will be useful for producing olive oil enriched in nutraceutical properties that may be likely helpful in the prevention of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Virruso
- 1 Immunosenescence Unit, Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo , Palermo, Italy
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24
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Fernández-Ávila C, Montes R, Castellote AI, Chisaguano AM, Fitó M, Covas MI, Muñoz-Aguallo D, Nyyssönen K, Zunft HJ, López-Sabater MC. Fast determination of virgin olive oil phenolic metabolites in human high-density lipoproteins. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:1035-41. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Fernández-Ávila
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - R. Montes
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición; Madrid Spain
| | - A. I. Castellote
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición; Madrid Spain
| | - A. M. Chisaguano
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición; Madrid Spain
| | - M. Fitó
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit; Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
| | - M. I. Covas
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit; Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
| | - D. Muñoz-Aguallo
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit; Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
| | - K. Nyyssönen
- Research Institute of Public Health; University of Kuopio; Kuopio Finland
| | - H. J. Zunft
- German Institute of Human Nutrition; Postdam-Rehbruecke; Germany
| | - M. C. López-Sabater
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición; Madrid Spain
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25
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Gallardo E, Palma-Valdés R, Espartero JL, Santiago M. In vivo striatal measurement of hydroxytyrosol, and its metabolite (homovanillic alcohol), compared with its derivative nitrohydroxytyrosol. Neurosci Lett 2014; 579:173-6. [PMID: 25072818 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds were measured by in vivo brain microdialysis in rat striatum. Basal extracellular levels of hydroxytyrosol, homovanillic alcohol and nitro-hydroxytyrosol were not detectable by HPLC with electrochemical detection. However, systemic administration of hydroxytyrosol (20 and 40mg/kg, i.p.) showed a clear increase in the extracellular level of this compound. This increase was accompanied by an increase in the extracellular level of homovanillic alcohol, a metabolite of hydroxytyrosol formed by catechol-O-methyltransferase activity. Perfusion of hydroxytyrosol (20μM) through the microdialysis cannula also produced an increase in the extracellular level of homovanillic alcohol. Systemic administration of nitro-hydroxytyrosol (20 and 40mg/kg, i.p.) produced a small increase in the extracellular level of this compound. Our data show that hydroxytyrosol is a more brain penetrant phenolic compound than nitro-hydroxytyrosol. Accordingly, there is high cerebral metabolism of hydroxytyrosol to produce homovanillic alcohol by catechol-O-methyltransferase activity, that is saturated at the higher administered dose of hydroxytyrosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gallardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Palma-Valdés
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Espartero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica. Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Marti Santiago
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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26
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Godoy-Caballero M, Acedo-Valenzuela M, Galeano-Díaz T. New reversed phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method for the determination of phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil by rapid resolution liquid chromathography with ultraviolet–visible and mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1313:291-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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27
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Martín-Peláez S, Covas MI, Fitó M, Kušar A, Pravst I. Health effects of olive oil polyphenols: recent advances and possibilities for the use of health claims. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:760-71. [PMID: 23450515 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet and consumption of olive oil have been connected in several studies with longevity and a reduced risk of morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle, such as regular physical activity, a healthy diet, and the existing social cohesion in Southern European countries have been recognised as candidate protective factors that may explain the Mediterranean Paradox. Along with some other characteristics of the Mediterranean diet, the use of olive oil as the main source of fat is common in Southern European countries. The benefits of consuming olive oil have been known since antiquity and were traditionally attributed to its high content in oleic acid. However, it is now well established that these effects must also be attributed to the phenolic fraction of olive oil with its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. The mechanisms of these activities are varied and probably interconnected. For some activities of olive oil phenolic compounds, the evidence is already strong enough to enable the legal use of health claims on foods. This review discusses the health effects of olive oil phenols along with the possibilities of communicating these effects on food labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martín-Peláez
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Research in Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders (RICAD), Barcelona, Spain
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28
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Godoy-Caballero M, Acedo-Valenzuela M, Galeano-Díaz T. Simple quantification of phenolic compounds present in the minor fraction of virgin olive oil by LC–DAD–FLD. Talanta 2012; 101:479-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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29
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Orozco-Solano MI, Ferreiro-Vera C, Priego-Capote F, Luque de Castro MD. Automated method for determination of olive oil phenols and metabolites in human plasma and application in intervention studies. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1258:108-16. [PMID: 22944382 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The interest for olive oil phenols (OOPs) is a growing trend thanks to their contribution to prevent or improve diseases associated to oxidative damage. OOPs ingested in the diet are found at low concentrations in blood either as free forms (e.g. hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, vanillin, ferulic acid, coumaric acid) or conjugated as sulfate and glucuronide derivatives. Therefore, the identification/quantitation of OOPs in plasma to study their biological effects and elucidate their metabolism requires selective and sensitive methods. The present research describes the development, validation and application of an automated method based on on-line coupling of solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) for quantitation of conjugated and free OOPs in human plasma. This approach minimizes sample handling-thus reducing analyte losses and degradation by contact with the atmosphere-and increases analysis throughput, which is crucial in intervention studies dealing with cohorts formed by numerous individuals. The fundamental of the approach is the retention of OOPs and metabolites in an SPE anionic cartridge with subsequent on-line elution to an LC-MS/MS system. Quantitative analysis of OOPs (relative quantitation for conjugated OOPs) was carried out by selected reaction monitoring mode that reported relative limits of detection and quantitation between 0.02-0.28 ng/mL (16.6-232 pg on-column) and 0.05-0.83 ng/mL (41.5-689 pg on-column), respectively. The accuracy of the method, estimated as recovery factor, ranged from 84.2 to 99.4%, and precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was below 3.8%. The resulting method has been applied to the determination of OOPs and metabolites in plasma samples from individuals who ingested a breakfast prepared with virgin olive oil. The proposed method has an excellent potential for high-throughput use in both clinical and research laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Orozco-Solano
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
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30
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Alarcón Flores MI, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A, Martínez Vidal JL. Analysis of phenolic compounds in olive oil by solid-phase extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2012; 134:2465-72. [PMID: 23442712 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study a simultaneous determination of several classes of polyphenolic compounds (benzoic acid derivates, cinnamic acid derivates, phenyl ethyl alcohols, flavones and other phenolic acids) in feed oils has been carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Solid-phase extraction (SPE) with Diol and C(18) cartridges were compared in terms of recovery and number of extracted compounds, obtaining better results when Diol cartridges were used. The analytical procedure was validated, obtaining recoveries ranging from 70% (vanillic acid) to 111% (gallic acid) with repeatability values (expressed as relative standard deviations, RSDs) lower than 20% at two concentration levels (500 and 1000 μg/kg). Limits of quantification (LOQs) were always equal or lower than 50 μg/kg except for gentisic acid (100 μg/kg). Finally the method was applied to different types of feed oils, and it can be observed that higher concentrations of polyphenols were found in olive oil, whereas pomace olive oil and sunflower oil had the lowest level of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Alarcón Flores
- Group Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Almeria University, E-04071 Almeria, Spain
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31
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Development of a non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis method with UV–visible and fluorescence detection for phenolics compounds in olive oil. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:279-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5799-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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33
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Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic activities in extra virgin olive oil. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 23:129-35. [PMID: 22000808 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower incidence of chronic degenerative diseases and higher life expectancy. These health benefits have been partially attributed to the dietary consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) by Mediterranean populations, and more specifically the phenolic compounds naturally present in EVOO. Studies involving humans and animals (in vivo and in vitro) have demonstrated that olive oil phenolic compounds have potentially beneficial biological effects resulting from their antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This paper summarizes current knowledge on the biological activities of specific olive oil phenolic compounds together with information on their concentration in EVOO, bioavailability and stability over time.
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Azorín-Ortuño M, Yáñez-Gascón MJ, Vallejo F, Pallarés FJ, Larrosa M, Lucas R, Morales JC, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Conesa MT, Espín JC. Metabolites and tissue distribution of resveratrol in the pig. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1154-68. [PMID: 21710561 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE trans-Resveratrol (RES) and/(or) its metabolites exert many effects in vivo. Our aim was to study the metabolism and tissue distribution of RES using the pig, a mammal physiologically close to humans. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-seven tissues, organs and fluids were analyzed 6 h after intragastric RES administration (5.9 mg/kg body weight) using HPLC-MS/MS. Twelve RES and seven dihydroresveratrol (DH-RES) metabolites were detected. DH-RES was the main metabolite in cecum, colon and rectum, whereas RES-3-O-glucuronide was the most abundant one in fluids and organs. Approximately 74.5% of the total RES administered was recovered in the form of RES, DH-RES and derived metabolites (65.1% along the gastrointestinal tract, 7.7% in urine, 1.2% in bile and 0.5% in organs). We report here, for the first time, the occurrence of RES ribosyl-sulfate derivative, DH-RES diglucuronide, DH-RES sulfoglucuronide and DH-RES disulfate as well as the metabolic profile of RES and DH-RES in the aorta, lymph, lymph node, ovaries, uterus, cerebellum, pancreas, urinary bladder tissue, fat and muscle. CONCLUSION This study contributes to the clarification of the metabolism and tissue distribution of RES and could help to further understand the mechanisms underlying its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Azorín-Ortuño
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Protective effect of simple phenols from extravirgin olive oil against lipid peroxidation in intestinal Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3008-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gregus P, Vlcková H, Buchta V, Kestranek J, Krivcíková L, Nováková L. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of quorum-sensing molecules of Candida albicans. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:674-81. [PMID: 20580513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is generally one of the most commonly isolated fungal pathogen from human body. It is a frequent cause of nosocomial infections, bloodstream infections, urinary infections and mucosal infections of oral cavity and vagina C. albicans can grow as hyphae, pseudohyphae, or budding yeast. Morphological conversion of a yeast form to pseudohyphal or hyphal one is often characterized by the change of commensal status to an invasive form. Farnesol and tyrosol can participate in these transformation processes as quorum sensing molecules together with some physical-chemical factors. A new analytical method for identification and quantification of biologically active substances farnesol and tyrosol using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) in connection with tandem mass spectrometry was developed. The analytes were separated on Acquity BEH C18 analytical column using binary mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and formic acid 0.075% (75:25) at flow-rate 0.20 ml/min. SRM (selected reaction monitoring) mode was applied in order to ensure sufficient selectivity and sensitivity using the first most intensive transition as a quantitative (121>77 and 205>121) and second one for the confirmation purposes (121>93 and 205>109). The method was validated in terms of linearity (>0.9994), precision (0.5-3.8% RSD), accuracy (78.9-106.0%), LOD (limit of detection) and LOQ (limit of quantitation). The method can serve as an analytical tool for the detection and determination of quorum-sensing molecules in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Gregus
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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González-Santiago M, Fonollá J, Lopez-Huertas E. Human absorption of a supplement containing purified hydroxytyrosol, a natural antioxidant from olive oil, and evidence for its transient association with low-density lipoproteins. Pharmacol Res 2010; 61:364-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2009.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2009] [Revised: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Digestion stability and evaluation of the metabolism and transport of olive oil phenols in the human small-intestinal epithelial Caco-2/TC7 cell line. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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39
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de la Torre-Carbot K, Chávez-Servín JL, Jaúregui O, Castellote AI, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Nurmi T, Poulsen HE, Gaddi AV, Kaikkonen J, Zunft HF, Kiesewetter H, Fitó M, Covas MI, López-Sabater MC. Elevated circulating LDL phenol levels in men who consumed virgin rather than refined olive oil are associated with less oxidation of plasma LDL. J Nutr 2010; 140:501-8. [PMID: 20089783 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In human LDL, the bioactivity of olive oil phenols is determined by the in vivo disposition of the biological metabolites of these compounds. Here, we examined how the ingestion of 2 similar olive oils affected the content of the metabolic forms of olive oil phenols in LDL in men. The oils differed in phenol concentrations as follows: high (629 mg/L) for virgin olive oil (VOO) and null (0 mg/L) for refined olive oil (ROO). The study population consisted of a subsample from the EUROLIVE study and a randomized controlled, crossover design was used. Intervention periods lasted 3 wk and were preceded by a 2-wk washout period. The levels of LDL hydroxytyrosol monosulfate and homovanillic acid sulfate, but not of tyrosol sulfate, increased after VOO ingestion (P < 0.05), whereas the concentrations of circulating oxidation markers, including oxidized LDL (oxLDL), conjugated dienes, and hydroxy fatty acids, decreased (P < 0.05). The levels of LDL phenols and oxidation markers were not affected by ROO consumption. The relative increase in the 3 LDL phenols was greater when men consumed VOO than when they consumed ROO (P < 0.05), as was the relative decrease in plasma oxLDL (P = 0.001) and hydroxy fatty acids (P < 0.001). Plasma oxLDL concentrations were negatively correlated with the LDL phenol levels (r = -0.296; P = 0.013). Phenols in LDL were not associated with other oxidation markers. In summary, the phenol concentration of olive oil modulates the phenolic metabolite content in LDL after sustained, daily consumption. The inverse relationship of these metabolites with the degree of LDL oxidation supports the in vivo antioxidant role of olive oil phenolics compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina de la Torre-Carbot
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Reference Center in Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Biological activities of phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oil. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:458-79. [PMID: 20386648 PMCID: PMC2852848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 01/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower incidence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases and certain types of cancer. The apparent health benefits have been partially ascribed to the dietary consumption of virgin olive oil by Mediterranean populations. Much research has focused on the biologically active phenolic compounds naturally present in virgin olive oils to aid in explaining reduced mortality and morbidity experienced by people consuming a traditional Mediterranean diet. Studies (human, animal, in vivo and in vitro) have demonstrated that olive oil phenolic compounds have positive effects on certain physiological parameters, such as plasma lipoproteins, oxidative damage, inflammatory markers, platelet and cellular function, antimicrobial activity and bone health. This paper summarizes current knowledge on the bioavailability and biological activities of olive oil phenolic compounds.
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Incani A, Deiana M, Corona G, Vafeiadou K, Vauzour D, Dessì MA, Spencer JPE. Involvement of ERK, Akt and JNK signalling in H2O2-induced cell injury and protection by hydroxytyrosol and its metabolite homovanillic alcohol. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 54:788-96. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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42
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Improved method for identifying and quantifying olive oil phenolic compounds and their metabolites in human plasma by microelution solid-phase extraction plate and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:4097-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Goulas V, Exarchou V, Troganis AN, Psomiadou E, Fotsis T, Briasoulis E, Gerothanassis IP. Phytochemicals in olive-leaf extracts and their antiproliferative activity against cancer and endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:600-8. [PMID: 19194970 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil compounds is a dynamic research area because Mediterranean diet has been shown to protect against cardiovascular disease and cancer. Olive leaves, an easily available natural material of low cost, share possibly a similar wealth of health benefiting bioactive phytochemicals. In this work, we investigated the antioxidant potency and antiproliferative activity against cancer and endothelial cells of water and methanol olive leaves extracts and analyzed their content in phytochemicals using LC-MS and LC-UV-SPE-NMR hyphenated techniques. Olive-leaf crude extracts were found to inhibit cell proliferation of human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human urinary bladder carcinoma (T-24) and bovine brain capillary endothelial (BBCE). The dominant compound of the extracts was oleuropein; phenols and flavonoids were also identified. These phytochemicals demonstrated strong antioxidant potency and inhibited cancer and endothelial cell proliferation at low micromolar concentrations, which is significant considering their high abundance in fruits and vegetables. The antiproliferative activity of crude extracts and phytochemicals against the cell lines used in this study is demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlassios Goulas
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Deiana M, Incani A, Rosa A, Corona G, Atzeri A, Loru D, Paola Melis M, Assunta Dessì M. Protective effect of hydroxytyrosol and its metabolite homovanillic alcohol on H2O2 induced lipid peroxidation in renal tubular epithelial cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2984-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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45
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Fitó Colomer M. [Not Available]. ENDOCRINOLOGIA Y NUTRICION : ORGANO DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ENDOCRINOLOGIA Y NUTRICION 2008; 55:239-242. [PMID: 22964122 DOI: 10.1016/s1575-0922(08)70676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Montse Fitó Colomer
- Grup de Recerca de Risc Cardiovascular i Nutrició (ULEC-CARIN). Programa de Recerca de Procesos d'Inflamació i Cardiovasculars (REPICA). Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM-Hospital del Mar). Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona (PRBB). CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN iniciativa del ISCII) CB06/02/0029. Barcelona. España
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Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the oxidant and antioxidant systems of the body, in favor of the oxidants. Oxidative stress produced by free radicals has been linked to the development of several diseases such as cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases Olive oil is the main source of fat of the Mediterranean diet which has been shown to be effective against oxidative stress associated diseases and also with ageing. Besides its richness in monounsaturated fatty acids, the oleic acid, olive oil contains minor components with antioxidant properties. In this review, we summarize the state of the art, and degree of evidence, of the body of knowledge concerning the protective role of the major and minor components of olive oil on oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Fitó
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit and Pharmacology Research Unit, Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica, Barcelona, Spain
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Young J, Wahle KWJ, Boyle SP. Cytoprotective effects of phenolic antioxidants and essential fatty acids in human blood monocyte and neuroblastoma cell lines: surrogates for neurological damage in vivo. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 78:45-59. [PMID: 18036798 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2007] [Revised: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is implicated in the development of a range of neurological diseases. There is increasing interest in the neuroprotective efficacy of antioxidants in modulating such processes with at least one polyphenolic being tested as a prophylactic in Alzheimer's disease. Beneficial effects of adjunctive n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with combined intakes of vitamin C and E on both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia have been reported. Robust in vitro systems are desirable, enabling a mechanistic investigation of the molecular mechanisms underpinning such effects and identification of further potentially efficacious nutraceuticals. MATERIALS AND METHOD A comparative study employing a human lymphoblastoid cell line derived from a subject with early onset schizophrenia, a neuroblastoma IMR-32 cell line and the histiocytic lymphoma U937 cell line was undertaken. The cytoprotective effects of two phenols in affording protection to cellular DNA from an oxidative challenge were assessed in untreated and fatty acid treated cell lines. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Marked differences in the uptake of fatty acids by the cell types were found and the IMR-32 cell line was most susceptible to the oxidant challenge. Hydroxytyrosol gave significant cytoprotection in all three-cell lines and this possible neuroprotective efficacy warrants further investigation, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Young
- School of Pharmacy, The Robert Gordon University, Schoolhill, Aberdeen, UK
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Gimeno E, de la Torre-Carbot K, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Castellote AI, Fitó M, de la Torre R, Covas MI, López-Sabater MC. Changes in the phenolic content of low density lipoprotein after olive oil consumption in men. A randomized crossover controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:1243-50. [PMID: 17617938 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507778698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil decreases the risk of CVD. This effect may be due to the fatty acid profile of the oil, but it may also be due to its antioxidant content which differs depending on the type of olive oil. In this study, the concentrations of oleic acid and antioxidants (phenolic compounds and vitamin E) in plasma and LDL were compared after consumption of three similar olive oils, but with differences in their phenolic content. Thirty healthy volunteers participated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover, randomized supplementation trial. Virgin, common, and refined olive oils were administered during three periods of 3 weeks separated by a 2-week washout period. Participants were requested to ingest a daily dose of 25 ml raw olive oil, distributed over the three meals of the day, during intervention periods. All three olive oils caused an increase in plasma and LDL oleic acid (P < 0·05) content. Olive oils rich in phenolic compounds led to an increase in phenolic compounds in LDL (P < 0·005). The concentration of phenolic compounds in LDL was directly correlated with the phenolic concentration in the olive oils. The increase in the phenolic content of LDL could account for the increase of the resistance of LDL to oxidation, and the decrease of thein vivooxidized LDL, observed in the frame of this trial. Our results support the hypothesis that a daily intake of virgin olive oil promotes protective LDL changes ahead of its oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gimeno
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Reference Center in Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona. Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Rietjens SJ, Bast A, Haenen GRMM. New insights into controversies on the antioxidant potential of the olive oil antioxidant hydroxytyrosol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:7609-14. [PMID: 17683140 DOI: 10.1021/jf0706934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the antioxidant profile of olive oil antioxidants was investigated. Hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein are potent scavengers of hydroxyl radicals (OH*), peroxynitrite (ONOOH), and superoxide radicals (O(2)*(-)). Homovanillic alcohol, one of the main metabolites of hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol are less potent scavengers of these reactive species. None of the olive oil antioxidants are good hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) scavengers. Hydroxytyrosol efficiently protects against LDL oxidation in vitro and in vivo. However, no protective effect of hydroxytyrosol is usually demonstrated ex vivo against the oxidation of LDL isolated from humans after hydroxytyrosol consumption. The present study shows that this controversy is due to the isolation of LDL, which greatly reduces the protective effect of hydroxytyrosol against LDL oxidation. Hydroxytyrosol is an efficient scavenger of several free radicals. The physiological relevance of the high intrinsic antioxidant activity of hydroxytyrosol is illustrated by its protection against LDL oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia J Rietjens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Bendini A, Cerretani L, Carrasco-Pancorbo A, Gómez-Caravaca AM, Segura-Carretero A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Lercker G. Phenolic molecules in virgin olive oils: a survey of their sensory properties, health effects, antioxidant activity and analytical methods. An overview of the last decade. Molecules 2007; 12:1679-719. [PMID: 17960082 DOI: 10.3390/12081679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 488] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2007] [Revised: 08/02/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2006] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Among vegetable oils, virgin olive oil (VOO) has nutritional and sensory characteristics that to make it unique and a basic component of the Mediterranean diet. The importance of VOO is mainly attributed both to its high content of oleic acid a balanced contribution quantity of polyunsaturated fatty acids and its richness in phenolic compounds, which act as natural antioxidants and may contribute to the prevention of several human diseases. The polar phenolic compounds of VOO belong to different classes: phenolic acids, phenyl ethyl alcohols, hydroxy-isochromans, flavonoids, lignans and secoiridoids. This latter family of compounds is characteristic of Oleaceae plants and secoiridoids are the main compounds of the phenolic fraction. Many agronomical and technological factors can affect the presence of phenols in VOO. Its shelf life is higher than other vegetable oils, mainly due to the presence of phenolic molecules having a catechol group, such as hydroxytyrosol and its secoiridoid derivatives. Several assays have been used to establish the antioxidant activity of these isolated phenolic compounds. Typical sensory gustative properties of VOO, such as bitterness and pungency, have been attributed to secoiridoid molecules. Considering the importance of the phenolic fraction of VOO, high performance analytical methods have been developed to characterize its complex phenolic pattern. The aim of this review is to realize a survey on phenolic compounds of virgin olive oils bearing in mind their chemical-analytical, healthy and sensory aspects. In particular, starting from the basic studies, the results of researches developed in the last ten years will be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bendini
- Department of Food Science, University of Bologna. P.zza Goidanich 60, I-47023 Cesena (FC), Italy.
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