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Huangfu X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Ma C. The determination of thallium in the environment: A review of conventional and advanced techniques and applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142201. [PMID: 38692367 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Thallium (Tl) is a potential toxicity element that poses significant ecological and environmental risks. Recently, a substantial amount of Tl has been released into the environment through natural and human activities, which attracts increasing attention. The determination of this hazardous and trace element is crucial for controlling its pollution. This article summarizes the advancement and progress in optimizing Tl detection techniques, including atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), voltammetry, inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-based methods, spectrophotometry, and X-ray-based methods. Additionally, it introduces sampling and pretreatment methods such as diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), liquid-liquid extraction, solid phase extraction, and cloud point extraction. Among these techniques, ICP-mass spectrometry (MS) is the preferred choice for Tl detection due to its high precision in determining Tl as well as its species and isotopic composition. Meanwhile, some new materials and agents are employed in detection. The application of novel work electrode materials and chromogenic agents is discussed. Emphasis is placed on reducing solvent consumption and utilizing pretreatment techniques such as ultrasound-assisted processes and functionalized magnetic particles. Most detection is performed in aqueous matrices, while X-ray-based methods applied to solid phases are summarized which provide non-destructive analysis. This work improves the understanding of Tl determination technology while serving as a valuable resource for researchers seeking appropriate analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Huangfu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yunzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Chengxue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Elbashir AA, Osman A, Elawad M, Ziyada AK, Aboul-Enein HY. Application of capillary electrophoresis with capacitively contactless conductivity detection for biomedical analysis. Electrophoresis 2024; 45:400-410. [PMID: 38100198 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202300216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The coupling of capillary electrophoresis (CE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4 D) has become convenient analytical method for determination of small molecules that do not possess chromogenic or fluorogenic group. The implementations of CE with C4 D in the determination of inorganic and organic ions and amino acids in biomedical field are demonstrated. Attention on background electrolyte composition, sample treatment procedures, and the utilize of multi-detection systems are described. A number of tables summarizing highly developed CE-C4 D methods and the figures of merit attained are involved. Lastly, concluding remarks and perspectives are argued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla A Elbashir
- Department, of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdelbagi Osman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elawad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Abobakr K Ziyada
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Y Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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EKİCİ A, ULUTAŞ OK, BERKKAN A. Head Space Single Drop Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detection (HS-SDME-GC-FID) Method for the Analysis of Common Fatty Acids. Turk J Pharm Sci 2024; 20:397-404. [PMID: 38257845 PMCID: PMC10803924 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2023.63494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Post-marketing/surveillance studies show that most of the many vegetable oils that are sold with health-promoting claims or statements with high nutritional values and are beneficial against diseases are off-limits of related monographs/criteria. Defining the oil with a fast, cheap, and efficient analytical method is needed to express fatty acids in any herbal product to authenticate, trace, specify, and classify the content.The majority of the after marketing/surveillance studies shows that most of the many vegetable oils that are sold with health-promoting claims or statements with high nutritional values and are beneficial against diseases are off-limits of related monographs/criteria. Defining the oil with fast, cheap and efficient analytical method to express fatty acids in any herbal product, to authenticate, trace, specify and classify the content is needed. Materials and Methods Here, we define a new simple tool with a headspace single drop microextraction (HS-SDME) method coupled with a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for the analysis of common fatty acids (FAs) in oils. Linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and linoleic acid in olive oil, thyme oil, and fish oil were determined. Derivatization was performed with 0.2 mL of 2 mol/L KOH in methanol to transfer the FAs of oils into their methyl esters (FAMEs). Then, FAMEs were extracted using a head space single drop, which is 2.0 μL of sodium dodecyl sulfate:1-butanol (1:3, v/v) mixture. Results The most suitable extraction condition was that 360 μL of the FAMEs, 2.0 mL vial, 0.07 g NaCl as a salting-out effect, 45 °C extraction temperature, and 35 min extraction time. The precision of the method was below 12%, with accuracy validated by the GC-FID reference method.The most suitable extraction condition was that 360 μL of the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), 2.0 mL vial, 0.07 g NaCl as a salting-out effect, 45 °C extraction temperature, and 35 min extraction time. The precision of the method was below 12% with an accuracy validated by the GC-FID reference method. Conclusion The HS-SDME can be used effectively for extracting FAs from oils for improved analysis of other FAs. The method is of direct importance and relevance for the herbal, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries.The HS-SDME can be used for effectively for extracting fatty acids from oils for improved analysis of other fatty acids while the method is direct importance and relevance for herbal, pharmaceutical, cosmetics industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan EKİCİ
- Gazi University, Health Sciences Institute, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Onur Kenan ULUTAŞ
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Aysel BERKKAN
- Gazi University, Health Sciences Institute, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Türkiye
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Sel S, Er EÖ, Koyuncu İ. Development of an analytical method for the determination of pesticides in tropical fruits by LC-QTOF-MS/MS after QuEChERS extraction sample cleanup and DLLME preconcentration. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 12:015008. [PMID: 37956440 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad0bfe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, QuEChERS extraction was combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) to extract pesticides from tropical fruits for determination by a highly accurate and sensitive liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS) system. The QuEChERS method served as a matrix clean-up tool and the DLLME method preconcentrated the analytes for their determination at trace levels. All parameter variables of the DLLME method were optimized to improve the extraction output and lower the limits of detection and quantification (LOD and LOQ) for all the analytes. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the LOD and LOQ values were found in the range of 0.004-0.013 and 0.27-0.61μg l-1, respectively. The detection limits achieved by direct LC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis were increased by about 10-260 folds using the optimized DLLME method. To assess the accuracy and applicability of the developed method, spike recovery experiments on tropical fruits were carried out. The matrix matching calibration method was used to enhance the quantification accuracy of the analytes in kiwi, pineapple, and mango matrices, with percent recoveries ranging between 89 and 117%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabriye Sel
- YıldızTechnical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, 34210, İstanbul, Turkey
- Yildiz Technical University, Science and Technology Application and Research Center, Istanbul, 34200, Turkey
| | - Elif Öztürk Er
- Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, 34469, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İkbal Koyuncu
- YıldızTechnical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, 34210, İstanbul, Turkey
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Wang E, Laurent LC, Hall DA, Lo YH. Sample preconcentration through airjet-induced liquid phase enrichment. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4033-4043. [PMID: 37603416 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00481c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Sample preparation is essential for nucleic acid assays, affecting their sensitivity and reliability. However, this process often results in a significant loss or dilution of the analyte, which becomes a bottleneck that limits downstream assay performance, particularly for assays that accept a limited input sample volume. To overcome this challenge, we present an evaporative-based sample enrichment method that uses an airjet to concentrate analytes within a small, defined volume by reversing the coffee-ring effect. A small, concentrated sample can then be collected for analysis to increase the initial sample load. The effectiveness of the reported airjet enrichment was quantified using qPCR of λ-DNA, HeLa-S3 RNA, and heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 samples. Comparisons between airjet enrichment and conventional evaporative concentration methods demonstrated significant advantages of airjet enrichment, including the ability to concentrate a high percentage of analyte within a 1 μL volume. The enrichment method was then integrated and adapted for various fluid volumes commonly found in nucleic acid sample preparation procedures. Here, airjet enrichment reduced the overall Cq by an average of 9.27 cycles for each analyte, resulting in a 600-fold enrichment from the initial concentration. To perform selective enrichment and prevent salt-based interference in downstream analysis, PEG was added to reduce the co-enrichment of salt. In addition, a preliminary study was conducted to explore the integration of airjet enrichment into ELISA using rabbit IgG as a model antigen. These findings demonstrate how airjet enrichment can be easily integrated into existing laboratory protocols with minimal modification and significantly improve the performance of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Wang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Louise C Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Drew A Hall
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Hwa Lo
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Pinto JJ, Mánuel V, Moreno C. A Green Method for the Determination of Cadmium in Natural Waters Based on Multi-Fibre Supported Liquid Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:327. [PMID: 36984714 PMCID: PMC10058480 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Supported liquid membranes have been used to implement a hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) method for the preconcentration of Cd(II) in natural waters as a sample preparation step for its determination by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFAAS). This system was designed to use four hollow fibres simultaneously with the same sample, thus improving the simplicity, speed and reproducibility of the results. The organic liquid membrane bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex® 272) dissolved in dihexylether (DHE) was immobilised into the pores of the walls of polypropylene hollow fibres. After extraction, the cadmium-enriched acidic phases were recovered and analysed by triplicate. To optimise the extraction process, the effect of both physical and chemical variables was studied, and optimum results with an enrichment factor (EF) of 292 were obtained for a fibre length of 6 cm, 1.06 M Cyanex 272, 0.04 M HNO3, stirring rate of 600 rpm and an extraction time of 4.26 h. For practical applications, extraction time was reduced to 2 h, keeping the EF as high as 130. Under these conditions, a detection limit of 0.13 ng L-1 Cd(II) was obtained, with a reproducibility of 3.3 % and a linear range up to 3 µg L-1 being achieved. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of cadmium in mineral, tap and seawater samples.
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Lima PH, M.L. Sousa É, Lima DL, Pinheiro JF, Sousa ER, Freitas AS, Silva GS. Factorial design optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for analysis of metals in natural and drinking waters. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Nourani N, Taghvimi A, Bavili-Tabrizi A, Javadzadeh Y, Dastmalchi S. Microextraction Techniques for Sample Preparation of Amphetamines in Urine: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36093632 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychological disorders and dramatic social problems are serious concerns regarding the abuse of amphetamine and its stimulant derivatives worldwide. Consumers of such drugs experience great euphoria along with serious health problems. Determination and quantification of amphetamine-type stimulants are indispensable skills for clinical and forensic laboratories. Analysis of low drug doses in bio-matrices necessitates applications of simple and also effective preparation steps. The preparation procedures not only eliminate adverse matrix effects, but also provide reasonable clean-up and pre-concentration benefits. The current review presents different methods used for sample preparation of amphetamines from urine as the most frequently used biological matrix. The advantages and limitations of various sample preparation methods were discussed focusing on the miniaturized methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Nourani
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezou Taghvimi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Bavili-Tabrizi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Javadzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, North Cyprus, Turkey
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9
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Jalili V, Ghanbari Kakavandi M, Ghiasvand A, Barkhordari A. Microextraction techniques for sampling and determination of polychlorinated biphenyls: A comprehensive review. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Abstract
Developing effective and green methods for food analysis and separation has become an urgent issue regarding the ever-increasing concern of food quality and safety. Ionic liquids (ILs) are a new chemical medium and soft functional material developed under the framework of green chemistry and possess many unique properties, such as low melting points, low-to-negligible vapor pressures, excellent solubility, structural designability and high thermal stability. Combining ILs with extraction techniques not only takes advantage of ILs but also overcomes the disadvantages of traditional extraction methods. This subject has attracted intensive research efforts recently. Here, we present a brief review of the current research status and latest developments regarding the application of IL-assisted microextraction, including dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), in food analysis and separation. The practical applications of ILs in determining toxic and harmful substances in food specimens with quite different natures are summarized and discussed. The critical function of ILs and the advantages of IL-based microextraction techniques over conventional extraction techniques are discussed in detail. Additionally, the recovery of ILs using different approaches is also presented to comply with green analytical chemistry requirements.
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Song Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Hu C, Liu ZF, Feng XS, He ZW. Cocaine in Different Matrices: Recent Updates on Pretreatment and Detection Techniques. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 54:529-548. [PMID: 35708993 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2087467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine abuse has attracted increased attention in the recent past since it can cause addiction and great harm to the normal human body. Due to cocaine exists in various complex matrices, the detection of it in different matrices is helpful to prevent abuse. It is thus imperative to establish efficient and accurate methods for pretreatment and detection of cocaine in different samples. The present study provides a summary of the research progress of cocaine pretreatment methods (such as different microextraction methods, QuEChERS, and solid phase extraction based on novel extraction materials) and detection approaches (such as liquid chromatography coupled with different detectors, gas chromatography and related techniques, capillary electrophoresis and sensors). A comparison of the pros and cons of different pretreatment and detection methods is presented. The findings of this study will provide a reference for selection of the most suitable cocaine pretreatment and detection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi-Fei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen-Wei He
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Goutham R, Rohit P, Vigneshwar SS, Swetha A, Arun J, Gopinath KP, Pugazhendhi A. Ionic liquids in wastewater treatment: A review on pollutant removal and degradation, recovery of ionic liquids, economics and future perspectives. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mohebbi A, Jouyban A, Farajzadeh MA, Afshar Mogaddam MR, Nemati M. Development of an in-syringe gas-assisted density tunable solidification of floating organic droplet-based dispersive liquid phase microextraction method coupled with HPLC-MS/MS for monitoring amikacin in biological fluids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 210:114552. [PMID: 34979495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new sample preparation method named in-syringe gas-assisted density tunable dispersive liquid phase microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet has been introduced. This method was coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and used for the extraction and quantification of amikacin in plasma and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples of the patients receiving amikacin. In the proposed approach, an inert gas is bubbled into a syringe barrel containing aqueous solution of the analyte and a mixture of low density extraction solvent and volatile density modifier. Consequently, the density modifier is evaporated and the analyte is migrated into the released extractant droplets. Basic parameters affecting efficiency of the developed method were optimized. Under optimum conditions, the method limits of detection were 0.06 and 0.29 ng/mL in EBC and plasma, respectively. The extraction recoveries were 90% and 87% in EBC and plasma, respectively. Also, the obtained relative standard deviations were below 9.5% and 9.8% for EBC and plasma, respectively. Considering these results, the developed method provides a quick and efficient way to determine amikacin in patients' biological fluids and can be used widely in drug monitoring and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohebbi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mir Ali Farajzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Engineering Faculty, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mahboob Nemati
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Adolfo FR, Nascimento PCD. Extraction Induced by Emulsion and Microemulsion Breaking for Metal Determination by Spectrometric Methods - A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:1374-1392. [PMID: 34991390 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2023352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on extraction induced by the destabilization of emulsified systems combined with spectrometric techniques for metal analysis in oily samples. This approach is based on the formation and breaking of an emulsion (extraction induced by emulsion breaking - EIEB) or microemulsion (extraction induced by microemulsion breaking - EIMB) to transfer the analytes from the oil sample to the aqueous phase, which is separated in the process. Its simplicity, speed, and low cost have contributed to its growing popularity among researchers. However, the potential of EIEB and EIMB is far from being fully exploited. Therefore, this paper aims to provide relevant information to expand the applicability of these methods. The principle of the methods is discussed, and a brief description of emulsified systems is presented. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency and calibration strategy are also critically discussed. Furthermore, the analytical applications of the methods are reviewed. Trends and opportunities in this field are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Rovasi Adolfo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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15
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Pinheiro FC, Aguirre MÁ, Nóbrega JA, Canals A. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of Cd, Hg and Pb from medicines prior to ICP OES determination according to the United States Pharmacopeia. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5670-5678. [PMID: 34792519 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01566d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and matrix-effect free analytical method for simultaneous determination of Cd, Hg and Pb in drug samples (i.e., commercial dosage tablets) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) has been developed. According to the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapter 232, those metals are considered elemental impurities from class 1 and they must be assessed in pharmaceutical production as well as in quality control evaluation. In order to increase the sensitivity of the analysis, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was performed and seven factors affecting analyte extraction were optimized by multivariate analysis. A microvolume of analyte enriched phase was directly introduced into the plasma using a multi-nebulizer, providing a high enrichment factor. When compared to conventional ICP OES analysis, DLLME improves the limit of quantitation (LOQ) values on average 40-fold for all analytes. Consequently, LOQ values were significantly lower than their permissible daily exposure limits for oral drugs. Accuracy was evaluated by addition and recovery experiments following USP recommendations in eight commercial drug samples. Recovery and RSD values were within the range of 90-108% and 1-9%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Pinheiro
- Group for Applied Instrumental Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-270, Brazil.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Sciences, University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Aguirre
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Sciences, University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Joaquim A Nóbrega
- Group for Applied Instrumental Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, P.O. Box 676, São Carlos, SP, 13560-270, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Canals
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Sciences, University Institute of Materials, Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, P.O. Box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
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Bodur S, Erarpat S, Günkara ÖT, Bakırdere S. One step derivatization and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of hydroxychloroquine sulfate for its sensitive and accurate determination using GC-MS. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2021; 113:107130. [PMID: 34688871 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2021.107130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a novel analytical method for the determination of hydroxychloroquine sulfate in human serum and urine samples was established. One step derivatization and dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) was developed for quantitative determination of hydroxychloroquine sulfate in aqueous samples. Hydroxychloroquine sulfate was first hydrolyzed and converted to its benzoate derivative by adding benzoyl chloride in chloroform which also served as extraction solvent. Significant parameters such as type/volume of extraction and dispersive solvents, concentration/volume of sodium hydroxide, type/period of mixing and concentration of derivatizing agent were carefully optimized by one variable at a time approach. Under the optimum DLLME conditions, limit of detection (LOD), quantitation (LOQ) and dynamic range were calculated as 35.2, 117.2 and 96-1980 μg/kg (ppb), respectively. Recovery studies were conducted by spiked human serum and urine samples and the results were ranged between 93 and 107% with low standard deviations. Developed method can be easily used in hydroxychloroquine sulfate based SARS-CoV-2 and malaria treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Bodur
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34210, Davutpasa, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezin Erarpat
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34210, Davutpasa, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Tahir Günkara
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34210, Davutpasa, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Art and Science, Department of Chemistry, 34210, Davutpasa, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey; Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Vedat Dalokay Street, No: 112, 06670, Çankaya, 06690 Ankara, Turkey.
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17
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Hagghi A, Dalali N, Abolghasemi MM. Synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride on 3D porous anodized aluminum wire as new fiber for microextraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water and wastewater samples. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1830293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Hagghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Nasser Dalali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
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18
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A comprehensive review on microextraction techniques for sampling and analysis of fuel ether oxygenates in different matrices. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Dmitrienko SG, Apyari VV, Tolmacheva VV, Gorbunova MV. Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Organic Compounds into a Single Drop of the Extractant: Overview of Reviews. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934821080049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Kanu AB. Recent developments in sample preparation techniques combined with high-performance liquid chromatography: A critical review. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1654:462444. [PMID: 34380070 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review article compares and contrasts sample preparation techniques coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and describes applications developed in biomedical, forensics, and environmental/industrial hygiene in the last two decades. The proper sample preparation technique can offer valued data for a targeted application when coupled to HPLC and a suitable detector. Improvements in sample preparation techniques in the last two decades have resulted in efficient extraction, cleanup, and preconcentration in a single step, thus providing a pathway to tackle complex matrix applications. Applications such as biological therapeutics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, environmental/industrial hygiene, forensics, glycan cleanup, etc., have been significantly enhanced due to improved sample preparation techniques. This review looks at the early sample preparation techniques. Further, it describes eight sample preparation technique coupled to HPLC that has gained prominence in the last two decades. They are (1) solid-phase extraction (SPE), (2) liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), (3) gel permeation chromatography (GPC), (4) Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged, Safe (QuEChERS), (5) solid-phase microextraction (SPME), (6) ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction (UASE), and (7) microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MWASE). SPE, LLE, GPC, QuEChERS, and SPME can be used offline and online with HPLC. UASE and MWASE can be used offline with HPLC but have also been combined with the online automated techniques of SPE, LLE, GPC, or QuEChERS for targeted analysis. Three application areas of biomedical, forensics, and environmental/industrial hygiene are reviewed for the eight sample preparation techniques. Three hundred and twenty references on the eight sample preparation techniques published over the last two decades (2001-2021) are provided. Other older references were included to illustrate the historical development of sample preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bakarr Kanu
- Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, United States.
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21
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Multivariate optimization of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method for determination of copper and manganese in coconut water by FAAS. Food Chem 2021; 365:130473. [PMID: 34237574 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, multivariate methodologies were applied in the optimization of a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method, aiming at the determination of Cu and Mn in coconut water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Some extractors (chloroform and CCl4), dispersants (ethanol, methanol and acetonitrile) and complexing agents (5-Br-PADAP and Dithzone) were previously tested in the extraction. A mixture design was used to optimize the component proportions formed by chloroform (10%), acetonitrile (76%), and 0.020% 5-Br-PADAP solution (14%). Doehlert design optimized the variables pH, NaCl, and buffer amounts for the extraction of both metals. The following analytical characteristics, respectively for Cu and Mn, were accessed: limit of quantification (4.83 and 3.32 µg L-1), enrichment factors (11 and 8 fold), and precision (6.6 and 6.0% RSD, n = 10). Addition/recovery tests of the analytes allowed to find values in the range of 96.5-120% for Cu and 99-107% for Mn.
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22
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Manousi N, Kabir A, Zachariadis GA. Recent advances in the extraction of triazine herbicides from water samples. J Sep Sci 2021; 45:113-133. [PMID: 34047458 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pesticides are excessively used in agriculture to improve the quality of crops by eliminating the negative effects of pests. Among the different groups of pesticides, triazine pesticides are a group of compounds that contain a substituted C3 H3 N3 heterocyclic ring, and they are widely used. Triazine pesticides can be dangerous for humans as well as for the aquatic environment because of their high toxicity and endocrine disrupting effect. However, the concentration of these chemical compounds in water samples is low. Moreover, other compounds that may exist in the water samples can interfere with the determination of triazine pesticides. As a result, it is important to develop sample preparation methods that provide preconcentration of the target analyte and sufficient clean-up of the samples. Recently, a wide variety of novel microextraction and miniaturized extraction techniques (e.g., solid-phase microextraction and liquid-phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, fabric phase sorptive extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction, and magnetic solid-phase extraction) have been developed. In this review, we aim to discuss the recent advances regarding the extraction of triazine pesticides from environmental water samples. Emphasis will be given to novel sample preparation methods and novel sorbents developed for sorbent-based extraction techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Manousi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Abuzar Kabir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - George A Zachariadis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Determination of teicoplanin in human plasma by reverse micelle mediated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462058. [PMID: 33756356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A reverse micelle mediated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (RM-DLLME) combined with high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) was developed for extraction and determination of 5 A2 components of teicoplanin (TA2-1, TA2-2, TA2-3, TA2-4, TA2-5) in human plasma, and the mechanism of RM-DLLME was analysed and explored. In this method, 80 µL of the reverse micelle solution of cetylpyridinium chloride/n-hexanol (15 mmol/L) was used as the extraction solvent for the separation, extraction and enrichment of the teicoplanin in plasma sample. All factors affecting the extraction efficiencies of the target analytes, such as the amounts of acetonitrile and chloroform, the type and volume of reverse micelle solution, pH and volume of sample phase, dispersant, salt addition, extraction mode and time, centrifugation rate and time, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the 5 A2 components of teicoplanin achieved effective enrichment with the enrichment factors of 228-347 and obtained good linearity in the range of 0.8375-100.5 µg/mL with correlation coefficients higher than 0.9960. The limits of detection were ranged between 0.5025-3.015 µg/mL. Relative standard deviation values of the method precisions were lower than 10.6% and the average recoveries were in the range of 82.7-111.3%. The determination results of the method were demonstrated with favorable characteristics, such as high enrichment, good selectivity and sensitivity, satisfactory precision and accuracy, and this method could be employed to analysis of the teicoplanin in human plasma samples.
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24
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Peng LQ, Cao J. Modern microextraction techniques for natural products. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:219-232. [PMID: 33215711 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural product analysis has gained wide attention in recent years, especially for herbal medicines, which contain complex ingredients and play a significant clinical role in the therapy of numerous diseases. The constituents of natural products are usually found at low concentrations, and the matrices are complex. Thus, the extraction of target compounds from natural products before analysis by analytical instruments is very significant for human health and its wide application. The commonly used traditional extraction methods are time-consuming, using large amounts of sample and organic solvents, as well as expensive and inefficient. Recently, microextraction techniques have been used for natural product extraction to overcome the disadvantages of conventional extraction methods. In this paper, the successful applications of and recent developments in microextraction techniques including solvent-based and sorbent-based microextraction methods, in natural product analysis in recent years, especially in the last 5 years, are reviewed for the first time. Their features, advantages, disadvantages, and future development trends are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qing Peng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China.,College of Material Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
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25
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Two-step separation and determination of inorganic As species in water, soil and sediment samples by implementing two ionic liquids in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry detection. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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26
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Dmitrienko SG, Apyari VV, Tolmacheva VV, Gorbunova MV. Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Organic Compounds: An Overview of Reviews. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Majumder S, Marguí E, Roman-Ross G, Chatterjee D, Hidalgo M. Hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction combined with total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the determination of trace level inorganic arsenic species in waters. Talanta 2020; 217:121005. [PMID: 32498873 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the possibilities and drawbacks of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) combined with total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry for the determination of low amounts of inorganic arsenic (As) species in water samples. The obtained results showed that a three-phase HF-LPME system was more suitable to be used in combination with TXRF than the two phase configuration, since lower detection limit and better precision for As determination can be attained. Relevant experimental parameters affecting As extraction (i.e. types of extractant, organic solvent, agitation speed, pH and extraction time) and TXRF analysis (deposition volume and drying mode) were systematically evaluated. It was found that As(III) was more efficiently extracted at pH 13, whereas, optimum pH for As(V) extraction was at pH 8.5. Limits of detection (LOD) achieved using the best analytical conditions meet the requirements of current legislation and allow the determination of inorganic As(V) and As(III) in water. The proposed method was also applied to different spiked environmental water samples for the preconcentration and subsequent determination of trace inorganic As species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Majumder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, s/n. 17071, Girona, Spain; Department of Geology & Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3115, USA; Departmental of Environmental Management, International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Eva Marguí
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, s/n. 17071, Girona, Spain
| | - Gabriela Roman-Ross
- AMPHOS 21 Consulting S.L., Passeig de Garcia i Faria 49-51, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Debashis Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741 235, West Bengal, India
| | - Manuela Hidalgo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, s/n. 17071, Girona, Spain.
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George MJ, Madala NE, Dubery IA. Application of an agitation-assisted dispersed solvent microextraction for analysis of naphthalene and its derivatives from aqueous matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:494. [PMID: 32642872 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Agitation-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid extraction without a dispersing solvent is lately receiving considerable attention owing to the low to no solvent loss relative to its predecessor, which suffers severe extracting solvent loss. Herein, we report the application of a simple agitation-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method, without a disperser solvent, for the extraction of naphthalene and its derivatives from aqueous solutions. Under the optimised conditions, namely, 25 μL 3:1 mixture of dichloroethane and ethylacetate with 20 s agitation, in 2-mL aqueous solutions containing 10% NaCl, the method demonstrated acceptable figures of merit: linearity-R2 ≥ 0.9914 in the concentration range 0.5-50 ng/mL, repeatability (%RSD ≤ 12.9 for n = 15) and limits of detection (0.034-0.081 ng/mL). The recoveries obtained from the spiked dam water sample were also satisfactory (94-103%). These parameters are comparable with those reported in literature, especially for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction techniques albeit for different analytes. Despite only naphthol being detected in one of the three sampled sites, the method shows considerable promise for routine monitoring of river and dam water quality subject to accuracy validation using certified reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosotho J George
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, National University of Lesotho, P.O. Roma, Roma, 180, Lesotho.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2006, South Africa.
| | - Ntakadzeni E Madala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2006, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, Limpopo, South Africa
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, Gauteng, 2006, South Africa
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Determination of alkylpyrazines in cocoa samples applying head-space hollow fiber protected-liquid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Laosuwan M, Mukdasai S, Srijaranai S. A Simple in Syringe Low Density Solvent-Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction for Enrichment of Some Metal Ions Prior to Their Determination by High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Food Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:E552. [PMID: 32012808 PMCID: PMC7037012 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple and highly sensitive method is developed for the simultaneous determination of Ni2+, Cr2O72-, Co2+, and Hg2+ by using in syringe low density solvent-dispersive liquid liquid microextraction (ISLD-DLLME), followed by high performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector. The four metal ions were derivatized with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDC) based on complexation before their enrichment by ISLD-DLLME in which 1-octanol and methanol were used as the extraction solvent and the dispersive solvent, respectively. The extraction was performed in a commercially available syringe under vortex agitation. Phase separation was achieved without centrifugation, and the extraction phase was easily collected by moving the syringe plunger. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the four metal-PDC complexes were detected within 18 min, and ISLD-DLLME could increase the detection sensitivity in the range of 64-230 times compared to the direct HPLC analysis. The obtained limits of detection (LODs) were found to be in the range of 0.011-2.0 µg L-1. The applicability of the method is demonstrated for freshwater fish, shrimp, and shellfish samples. In addition, the results are in good agreement with those obtained by inductively-coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Supalax Srijaranai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (M.L.); (S.M.)
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González-Álvarez RJ, Pinto JJ, López-López JA, Mendiguchía C, Moreno C. Selective solvent bar micro-extraction as a single-step approach for the measurement of Cu fractions in seawater. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1863-1870. [PMID: 31975154 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane was used for Cu fractionation in marine waters, using di-2-pyridylketone benzoylhydrazone (dPKBH) as a carrier due to its capacity to transport dissolved inorganic Cu at natural seawater pH. Optimized conditions were dPKBH (0.5 mmol L-1), HNO3 (0.5 mol L-1) as acceptor agent, extraction time of 120 min and stirring speed of 800 rpm. Additionally, the selectivity of the method for the extraction of the inorganic Cu fraction was validated by comparing the experimental results with theoretical data, and a mathematical model was obtained for estimation of Cu linked to dissolved organic matter. The method was applied for the measurement of Cu fractions in real seawater samples. Results were successfully compared with the reference material BCR 403 and recovery analysis in waters from the Gulf of Cádiz, showing that it could be used as a simple approach for the study of different Cu fractions in marine waters. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J González-Álvarez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan J Pinto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José A López-López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Carolina Mendiguchía
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Carlos Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510, Cádiz, Spain
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Werner J. Ligandless, deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of the aqueous phase for preconcentration of lead, cadmium, cobalt and nickel in water samples. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1297-1305. [PMID: 31891222 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A green and efficient sample preparation method using a deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasounds-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction with solidification of the aqueous phase followed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis was developed for preconcentration and determination of heavy metals in environmental samples. In the proposed method, a novel, low density deep eutectic solvent was prepared by mixing trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium chloride and thiosalicylic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2 and used both as an extractant and complexing agent. Ultrasound was used to disperse the extractant in the aqueous phase of the sample. Then, the phases were separated by centrifugation, after which the aqueous phase was frozen and the surface extractant phase was dissolved in a small volume of acetonitrile and subjected to liquid chromatographic analysis. The proposed method provided precisions (relative standard deviation, n = 5) in the range of 2.6-4.7%. The limit of detection were 0.05, 0.13, 0.06, and 0.11 µg/L for Pb(II), Cd(II), Co(II), Ni(II), respectively. The enhancement factors were equal to 154, 159, 162, and 158 for lead(II), cadmium(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II), respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated using certified reference materials (CA011b - hard drinking water, NIST 1643e - trace elements in water, TMRAIN-04 - simulated rain sample).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Werner
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan, Poland
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Nowak I, Rykowska I, Ziemblińska-Bernart J. Orthogonal array design optimisation of an in situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the detection of phenol and endocrine-disrupting phenols in aqueous samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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34
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Li G, Row KH. Utilization of deep eutectic solvents in dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Altunay N, Elik A, Gürkan R. A novel, green and safe ultrasound-assisted emulsification liquid phase microextraction based on alcohol-based deep eutectic solvent for determination of patulin in fruit juices by spectrophotometry. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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37
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Erarpat S, Bodur S, Öz E, Bakırdere S. Determination of butyltin compounds in fish and mussel samples at trace levels by vortex assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Herce-Sesa B, López-López JA, Moreno C. Multi-elemental ionic liquid-based solvent bar micro-extraction of priority and emerging trace metallic pollutants (Cd, Ag, Pd) in natural waters. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 370:63-69. [PMID: 29456129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Transition metals Cd, Pd and Ag are toxic even at very low concentration. Cd is considered a priority substance; while, Pd and Ag are emerging pollutants. Membrane technologies have been applied for their extraction; however, they require important amounts of reagents, time and energy. Additionally, effective reagents for metal extraction in saline natural waters are limited. In this case, hollow fiber liquid phase micro-extraction with a configuration of solvent bar (SBME) using the ionic liquid Cyphos® 101 as extractant is proposed. Optimized conditions for SBME of Cd, Ag and Pd were 50% Cyphos® 101 in the organic solution, extraction time 30 min and 800 rpm stirring rate. Leaching was in all cases lower than 0.1%. Metallic concentrations were measured by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The method was applied to the extraction of Ag, Cd and Pd in natural water samples. Except for waste water, Pd extraction was higher than 90% in all cases. Cd (≈100%) and Ag (93-95%) offered their best results for saline samples. Concluding, the proposed system is a low cost and green methodology that allows a simple and fast extraction of trace pollutants such as Ag, Cd and Pd in different natural waters, including highly saline samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Herce-Sesa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José A López-López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Carlos Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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Altunay N, Elik A, Gürkan R. Innovative and practical deep eutectic solvent based vortex assisted microextraction procedure for separation and preconcentration of low levels of arsenic and antimony from sample matrix prior to analysis by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 293:378-386. [PMID: 31151625 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering the negative impacts on human health and the environment, determinations of arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb), is of unquestionable importance. The present study describes the development of innovative and practical deep eutectic solvent (DES) based vortex assisted microextraction (DES-VAME) method for preconcentration of As and Sb from environmental waters, honey and rice prior to analysis by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). The use of As(III) and Sb(III) in presence of dithizone at pH 10.5 by means of donor-acceptor mechanism were decided as analytes. Total As and Sb were determined after reduction process. The analytical properties obtained following optimization were as follows. Limit of detection (LOD), precision (as RSD%), recoveries and enhancement factor for As and Sb were calculated as 7.5 ng L-1/15.6 ng L-1, 2.1% /2.7%, 93.5%/96.2% and 104/85, respectively. Following validation with certified reference material, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nail Altunay
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Adil Elik
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Gürkan
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, TR-58140 Sivas, Turkey
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Naeemullah, Tuzen M. A new robust, deep eutectic-based floating organic droplets microextraction method for determination of lead in a portable syringe system directly couple with FAAS. Talanta 2019; 196:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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41
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Speciation of mercury in water and biological samples by eco-friendly ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent based on liquid phase microextraction with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 2019; 197:310-318. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Aguirre MÁ, Baile P, Vidal L, Canals A. Metal applications of liquid-phase microextraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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43
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Sakanupongkul A, Sananmuang R, Udnan Y, Ampiah-Bonney RJ, Chaiyasith WC. Speciation of mercury in water and freshwater fish samples by a two-step solidified floating organic drop microextraction with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chem 2019; 277:496-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.10.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Herce-Sesa B, López-López JA, Moreno C. Selective ionic liquid solvent bar micro-extraction for estimation of ultra-trace silver fractions in marine waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:27-33. [PMID: 30195129 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ag can be found in the ocean at the ultra-trace level, mainly as AgCln(n-1)- and complexed by dissolved organic matter (Ag-DOM). However, methods for studying Ag speciation in marine waters are limited by the lack of extractants capable to separate organic and inorganic silver species in natural conditions of seawater samples. In this work, a two-phase solvent bar micro-extraction method using the ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (Cyphos® 101) was applied for selective micro-extraction of AgCln(n-1)- from organic silver in marine waters, working at seawater pH,. The application to real samples was performed under the following conditions: 2.5% Cyphos® 101 in kerosene solution with 10% dodecan-1-ol inside the fiber, and 30 min of sample extraction at a stirring rate of 800 rpm. The proposed SBME was successfully used for estimation of Ag fractions in waters from the Bay of Cádiz (South-west Spain) showing its applicability for a simple, fast and environmentally friendly speciation of silver in marine water samples. The method presented a linear response up to 500 ng L-1 and a detection limit of 0.4 ng L-1, using GF-AAS for instrumental determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Herce-Sesa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), International Campus of Global Excellence (Cei·Mar), University of Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
| | - José A López-López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), International Campus of Global Excellence (Cei·Mar), University of Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Carlos Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), International Campus of Global Excellence (Cei·Mar), University of Cádiz, Av. República Saharaui, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain
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Abstract
Saliva, as the first body fluid encountering with the exogenous materials, has good correlation with blood and plays an important role in bioanalysis. However, saliva has not been studied as much as the other biological fluids mainly due to restricted access to its large volumes. In recent years, there is a growing interest for saliva analysis owing to the emergence of miniaturized sample preparation methods. The purpose of this paper is to review all microextraction methods and their principles of operation. In the following, we examine the methods used to analyze saliva up to now and discuss the potential of the other microextraction methods for saliva analysis to encourage research groups for more focus on this important subject area.
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Lemos VA, Oliveira RV, Lopes dos Santos WN, Menezes RM, Santos LB, Costa Ferreira SL. Liquid phase microextraction associated with flow injection systems for the spectrometric determination of trace elements. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Pirkwieser P, López-López JA, Kandioller W, Keppler BK, Moreno C, Jirsa F. Solvent Bar Micro-Extraction of Heavy Metals from Natural Water Samples Using 3-Hydroxy-2-Naphthoate-Based Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23113011. [PMID: 30453649 PMCID: PMC6278406 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23113011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Developments in the liquid micro-extraction of trace metals from aqueous phases have proven to be limited when extended from pure water to more complex and demanding matrices such as sea water or wastewater treatment effluents. To establish a system that works under such matrices, we successfully tested three task-specific ionic liquids, namely trihexyltetradecyl- phosphonium-, methyltrioctylphosphonium- and methyltrioctylammonium 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate in two-phase solvent bar micro-extraction (SBME) experiments. We describe the influence of pH, organic additives, time, stirring rate and volume of ionic liquid for multi-elemental micro-extraction of Cu, Ag, Cd and Pb from various synthetic and natural aqueous feed solutions. Highest extraction for all metals was achieved at pH 8.0. Minimal leaching of the ionic liquids into the aqueous phase was demonstrated, with values < 30 mg L−1 DOC in all cases. Sample salinities of up to 60 g L−1 NaCl had a positive effect on the extraction of Cd, possibly due to an efficient extraction mechanism of the present chlorido complexes. In metal-spiked natural feed solutions, the selected SBME setups showed unchanged stability under all conditions tested. We could efficiently (≥85%) extract Cu and Ag from drinking water and achieved high efficacies for Ag and Cd from natural sea water and hypersaline water, respectively. The method presented here proves to be a useful tool for an efficient SBME of heavy metals from natural waters without the need to pretreat or modify the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Pirkwieser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - José A López-López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Carlos Moreno
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto de Investigación Marina (INMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510 Puerto Real, Spain.
| | - Franz Jirsa
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa.
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Havlikova M, Cabala R, Pacakova V, Bosakova Z. Critical evaluation of microextraction pretreatment techniques-Part 2: Membrane-supported and homogenous phase based techniques. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:303-318. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Havlikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Radomir Cabala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
- Toxicology Department; Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology; General University Hospital in Prague and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vera Pacakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Bosakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Faculty of Science; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
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Seidi S, Rezazadeh M, Yamini Y. Pharmaceutical applications of liquid-phase microextraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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