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Lin YJ, Li HM, Gao YR, Wu PF, Cheng B, Yu CL, Sheng YX, Xu HM. Environmentally relevant concentrations of benzophenones exposure disrupt intestinal homeostasis, impair the intestinal barrier, and induce inflammation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:123948. [PMID: 38614423 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of benzophenones (BPs) on the intestinal tract of mice and the potential mechanism. F1-generation ICR mice were exposed to BPs (benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, and benzophenone-3) by breastfeeding from birth until weaning, and by drinking water after weaning until maturity. The offspring mice were executed on postnatal day 56, then their distal colons were sampled. AB-PAS staining, HE staining, immunofluorescence, Transmission Electron Microscope, immunohistochemistry, Western Blot and RT-qPCR were used to study the effects of BPs exposure on the colonic tissues of offspring mice. The results showed that colonic microvilli appeared significantly deficient in the high-dose group, and the expression of tight junction markers Zo-1 and Occludin was significantly down-regulated and the number of goblet cells and secretions were reduced in all dose groups, and the expression of secretory cell markers MUC2 and KI67 were decreased, as well as the expression of intestinal stem cell markers Lgr5 and Bmi1, suggesting that BPs exposure caused disruption of intestinal barrier and imbalance in the composition of the intestinal stem cell pool. Besides, the expression of cellular inflammatory factors such as macrophage marker F4/80 and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α was elevated in the colonic tissues of all dose groups, and the inflammatory infiltration was observed, which means the exposure of BPs caused inflammatory effects in the intestinal tract of F1-generation mice. In addition, the contents of Notch/Wnt signaling pathway-related genes, such as Dll-4, Notch1, Hes1, Ctnnb1and Sfrp2 were significantly decreased in each high-dose group (P < 0.05), suggesting that BPs may inhibit the regulation of Notch/Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, exposure to BPs was able to imbalance colonic homeostasis, disrupt the intestinal barrier, and trigger inflammation in the offspring mice, which might be realized through interfering with the Notch/Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Lin
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan-Rong Gao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ping-Fan Wu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Chen-Long Yu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yu-Xin Sheng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Hai-Ming Xu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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2
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Narloch I, Wejnerowska G. An Overview of the Analytical Methods for the Determination of Organic Ultraviolet Filters in Cosmetic Products and Human Samples. Molecules 2021; 26:4780. [PMID: 34443367 PMCID: PMC8400378 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
UV filters are a group of compounds commonly used in different cosmetic products to absorb UV radiation. They are classified into a variety of chemical groups, such as benzophenones, salicylates, benzotriazoles, cinnamates, p-aminobenzoates, triazines, camphor derivatives, etc. Different tests have shown that some of these chemicals are absorbed through the skin and metabolised or bioaccumulated. These processes can cause negative health effects, including mutagenic and cancerogenic ones. Due to the absence of official monitoring protocols, there is an increased number of analytical methods that enable the determination of those compounds in cosmetic samples to ensure user safety, as well as in biological fluids and tissues samples, to obtain more information regarding their behaviour in the human body. This review aimed to show and discuss the published studies concerning analytical methods for the determination of organic UV filters in cosmetic and biological samples. It focused on sample preparation, analytical techniques, and analytical performance (limit of detection, accuracy, and repeatability).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grażyna Wejnerowska
- Department of Food Analysis and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, 3 Seminaryjna Street, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Locatelli M, Furton KG, Tartaglia A, Sperandio E, Ulusoy HI, Kabir A. An FPSE-HPLC-PDA method for rapid determination of solar UV filters in human whole blood, plasma and urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1118-1119:40-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Wang M, Liu L, Yin Z, Lu Y. Comparison of two online extraction systems and development of the online SPE-HPLC-DAD method to simultaneously determine ten β-amino alcohol drugs in plasma. RSC Adv 2018; 8:5816-5821. [PMID: 35539588 PMCID: PMC9078181 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13276j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple comparisons of two online pretreatment systems were conducted, which provided a reference for choosing a suitable solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- College of Pharmacy
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Pharmacy
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- PR China
| | - Zheng Yin
- College of Pharmacy
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
| | - Yaxin Lu
- College of Pharmacy
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
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5
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Broniowska Ż, Pomierny B, Smaga I, Filip M, Budziszewska B. The effect of UV-filters on the viability of neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell line. Neurotoxicology 2016; 54:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Analytical methods for the assessment of endocrine disrupting chemical exposure during human fetal and lactation stages: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 892:27-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Fan Y, Shen G, Li P, Xi X, Wu H, Tian H, Lu Y, Yin Z. A simple and automated online SPE-LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of olanzapine, fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human plasma and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02489g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
An integration of sample pretreatment automation using online SPE technique could provide an easy to use, efficient, sensitive and high quality methods for TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Fan
- College of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Guanghu Shen
- Tianjin AnDing Hospital
- Tianjin 300222
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaonan Xi
- College of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Haiting Wu
- College of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Tianjin AnDing Hospital
- Tianjin 300222
- P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Lu
- College of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
| | - Zheng Yin
- College of Pharmacy
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- P. R. China
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Jiménez-Díaz I, Zafra-Gómez A, Ballesteros O, Navalón A. Analytical methods for the determination of personal care products in human samples: An overview. Talanta 2014; 129:448-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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9
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Pan J, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Li G. Review of online coupling of sample preparation techniques with liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 815:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Dewalque L, Pirard C, Dubois N, Charlier C. Simultaneous determination of some phthalate metabolites, parabens and benzophenone-3 in urine by ultra high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 949-950:37-47. [PMID: 24463399 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates, parabens and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone or benzophone-3 are thought to act as endocrine disrupting chemicals, being able to disrupt the endocrine balance and therefore able to lead to some hormonal diseases. Numerous large-scale biomonitoring studies have detected the biomarkers of these compounds in more than 75% of the general population. To assess the exposure to these chemicals, we developed an analytical method based on a Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) prior to ultra high pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous measurement of seven phthalate metabolites (monobenzyl phthalate, mono-n-butyl phthalate, mono-iso-butyl phthalate, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate, mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate, monoethyl phthalate), four parabens (methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, n-propyl paraben, n-butyl parabens) and benzophenone-3 in human urine. The distinction between unconjugated, glucuro- and sulfoconjugated forms was achieved using different enzymatic hydrolyses. The whole procedure was validated according to the total error approach, and was demonstrated to be linear (regression coefficient ranging from 0.987 to 0.998) and accurate (inter and intra assay precision <17.71%, relative bias <5.87%) in the dosing range of concentrations. The limits of quantification (LOQs) obtained ranged between 0.30 and 1.23ng/ml depending on the analyte. The reliability of the method was proven in passing successfully the German External Quality Assessment Scheme (G-EQUAS). Moreover, the urine from 25 volunteers were analyzed for the determination of glucuro-, sulfo- and free species separately. Phthalate metabolites, parabens and benzophenone-3 were positively detected in almost all urine samples, with detection rates ranging from 40 to 100%. Levels measured ranged from <LOQ to 2207ng/ml varying widely depending on the compound and the individual. In our small participating population, most of the phthalate metabolites were excreted predominately as glucuroconjugated forms while parabens and benzophenone-3 were detected as glucuro- and sulfoconjugated species in variable proportions according to the target compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Dewalque
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg), CHU (B35), 4000 Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg), CHU (B35), 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Catherine Pirard
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg), CHU (B35), 4000 Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg), CHU (B35), 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Nathalie Dubois
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg), CHU (B35), 4000 Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg), CHU (B35), 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Corinne Charlier
- Laboratory of Clinical, Forensic and Environmental Toxicology, University of Liege (ULg), CHU (B35), 4000 Liege, Belgium; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (C.I.R.M.), University of Liege (ULg), CHU (B35), 4000 Liege, Belgium.
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11
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Liu L, Wen Y, Liu K, Sun L, Lu Y, Yin Z. Simultaneous determination of a broad range of cardiovascular drugs in plasma with a simple and efficient extraction/clean up procedure and chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra01045k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, easy to use and efficient method was described for simultaneous determination of ten cardiovascular drugs with a broad range of physicochemical properties in rat plasma via online SPE and HPLC-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yabin Wen
- College of Life Science
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Kangning Liu
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Liang Sun
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yaxin Lu
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Zheng Yin
- College of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071, PR China
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12
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Vosough M, Mojdehi NR, Salemi A. Chemometrics assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for quantification of seven UV filters in urine samples by HPLC-DAD. J Sep Sci 2013; 35:3575-85. [PMID: 23225721 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection has been developed as simple, rapid, accurate, and efficient sample preparation method for simultaneous determination of seven organic UV filters in urine samples. The influence of the main effects as well as their interactions was studied through a 2((6-2)) fractional factorial design. The candidate parameters were: type and volume of dispersant and extraction solvents, sample pH, and salt concentration. Under final optimal conditions, the analytes were extracted from 5 mL of samples by addition of 0.5 mL of acetonitrile (dispersing solvent) containing 70 μL of carbon tetrachloride (extraction solvent), without modifying the pH of the solution and applying the (+1) level of salt concentration (10% w/v NaCl). The assay was linear (R(2) > 0.997), relative recoveries ranged from 86.9 up to 97.3% and the LOQs between 3 and 45 ng mL(-1) were obtained. The intra- and interday RSDs were lower than 5 and 8% at the middle point of the linear range, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to different volunteer urine samples and it was shown that the extraction efficiency was not affected by the type of urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vosough
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Liu L, Wen YB, Liu KN, Sun L, Wu M, Han GF, Lu YX, Wang QM, Yin Z. Optimization of on-line solid phase extraction and HPLC conditions using response surface methodology for determination of WM-5 in mouse plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 923-924:8-15. [PMID: 23454303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized for rapid and systematic optimization of on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) parameters to maximize the response and separation of WM-5. The optimization was performed with Box-Behnken designs. Four major parameters were investigated for their contributions to the response and separation of WM-5, with a total of 29 experiments being performed for each instrument, respectively. Quantitative determination of WM-5 in mouse plasma was performed to evaluate the statistical significance of the parameters on chromatographic response. A fully automated on-line SPE and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) method was developed for the determination of WM-5 in mouse plasma. Calibration curve with good linearity (r=0.9989) was obtained in the range of 20-4000 ng/mL in mouse plasma. The limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of the assay were 6 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL, respectively. The overall intra-day and the inter-day variations were less than 1.90%. The recovery of the method was in the range of 93.74-96.33% with RSD less than 3.06%. The optimized method demonstrated good performance in terms of specificity, LLOQ, linearity, recovery, precision and accuracy, and was successfully applied to quantify WM-5 in mouse plasma to support the pharmacokinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
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14
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Chisvert A, León-González Z, Tarazona I, Salvador A, Giokas D. An overview of the analytical methods for the determination of organic ultraviolet filters in biological fluids and tissues. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 752:11-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Salemi A, Vosough M, Mazlumi E. DETERMINATION OF UV-FILTER COMPOUNDS IN HIGHLY CONTAMINATED RIVER WATER BY HPLC-DAD: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY AND APPLICABILITY OF DIFFERENT SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION SORBENTS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.627752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Salemi
- a Department of Environmental Pollution, Environmental Sciences Research Institute , Shahid Beheshti University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maryam Vosough
- b Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Elaheh Mazlumi
- c Chemistry Department , Al-Zahra University , Tehran , Iran
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16
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Chen M, Zhu P, Xu B, Zhao R, Qiao S, Chen X, Tang R, Wu D, Song L, Wang S, Xia Y, Wang X. Determination of Nine Environmental Phenols in Urine by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2012; 36:608-15. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bks072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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18
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Santos AJM, Miranda MS, Esteves da Silva JCG. The degradation products of UV filters in aqueous and chlorinated aqueous solutions. WATER RESEARCH 2012; 46:3167-3176. [PMID: 22513303 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2012.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) filters are vital constituents of sunscreens and other personal care products since they absorb, reflect and/or scatter UV radiation, therefore protecting us from the sun's deleterious UV radiation and its effects. However, they suffer degradation, mainly through exposure towards sunlight and from reactions with disinfectant products such as chlorine. On the basis of their increasing production and use, UV filters and their degradation products have already been detected in the aquatic environment, especially in bathing waters. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the work done so far as to identify and determine the by-products of UV filter photodegradation in aqueous solutions and those subsequent to disinfection-induced degradation in chlorinated aqueous solutions, namely swimming pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Joel M Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Química (CIQ-UP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Analytical methods for selected emerging contaminants in human matrices—a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:2555-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Determination of benzophenones in human placental tissue samples by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2011; 85:1848-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Moreta C, Tena MT. Determination of UV filters in packaging by focused ultrasonic solid–liquid extraction and liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:3392-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.11.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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León Z, Chisvert A, Tarazona I, Salvador A. Solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analytical method for the determination of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and its metabolites in both human urine and semen. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:831-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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