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Khaparde A, Lokesh Kumar S, Vijayalakshmi MA, Tetala KKR. A conjoint multi metal-ion iminodiacetic acid monolith microfluidic chip for structural-based protein pre-fractionation. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2647-2655. [PMID: 34687221 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PDMS-based multichannel microfluidic chip was designed and fabricated in a simple approach using readily available tools. UV-initiated in situ polymerization of poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate-co-di(ethylene glycol) diacrylate-co-N,N'-diallyl l-tartardiamide) in an Eppendorf tube was achieved within 40 min. This polymerization process was successfully translated to a microfluidic chip format without any further modifications. Iminodiacetic acid was successfully immobilized on aldehyde functional monoliths via Schiff base reaction and confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Four transition metal ions (Co (II), Zn (II), Ni (II), and Cu (II)) were chelated individually on four IDA-monolith microfluidic chips. The conjoint metal-ion monolith microfluidic chip has displayed high permeability (9.40 × 10-13 m2 ) and a porosity of 32.8%. This affinity microfluidic chip has pre-fractioned four human plasma proteins (fibrinogen, immunoglobulin, transferrin, and human serum albumin) based on their surface-exposed histidine surface topography. A protein recovery of approximately 95% (Bradford assay data) was achieved. The multimonolith microchip can be reusable even after three protein adsorption-desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Khaparde
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - S Lokesh Kumar
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - M A Vijayalakshmi
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Kishore K R Tetala
- Centre for Bioseparation Technology (CBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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2
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Minh PS, Le MT. Improving the Melt Flow Length of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene in Thin-Wall Injection Molding by External Induction Heating with the Assistance of a Rotation Device. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142288. [PMID: 34301045 PMCID: PMC8309440 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In injection molding, the temperature control of the dynamic mold is an excellent method for improving the melt flow length, especially of thin-wall products. In this study, the heating efficiency of a novel heating strategy based on induction heating was estimated. With the use of this heating strategy, a molding cycle time similar to the traditional injection molding process could be maintained. In addition, this strategy makes it easier to carry out the heating step due to the separation of the heating position and the mold structure as well as allowing the ease of magnetic control. The results show that, with an initial mold temperature of 30 °C and a gap (G) between the heating surface and the inductor coil of 5 mm, the magnetic heating process can heat the plate to 290 °C within 5 s. However, with a gap of 15 mm, it took up to 8 s to reach 270 °C. According to the measurement results, when the mold heating time during the molding process increased from 0 to 5 s, the flow length increased significantly from 71.5 to 168.1 mm, and the filling percentage of the thin-wall product also increased from 10.2% to 100%. In general, the application of external induction heating (Ex-IH) during the molding cycle resulted in improved melt flow length with minimal increase in the total cycle time, which remained similar to that of the traditional case.
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3
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The Feasibility of an Internal Gas-Assisted Heating Method for Improving the Melt Filling Ability of Polyamide 6 Thermoplastic Composites in a Thin Wall Injection Molding Process. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071004. [PMID: 33805236 PMCID: PMC8036599 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In thin wall injection molding, the filling of plastic material into the cavity will be restricted by the frozen layer due to the quick cooling of the hot melt when it contacts with the lower temperature surface of the cavity. This problem is heightened in composite material, which has a higher viscosity than pure plastic. In this paper, to reduce the frozen layer as well as improve the filling ability of polyamide 6 reinforced with 30 wt.% glass fiber (PA6/GF30%) in the thin wall injection molding process, a preheating step with the internal gas heating method was applied to heat the cavity surface to a high temperature, and then, the filling step was commenced. In this study, the filling ability of PA6/GF30% was studied with a melt flow thickness varying from 0.1 to 0.5 mm. To improve the filling ability, the mold temperature control technique was applied. In this study, an internal gas-assisted mold temperature control (In-GMTC) using different levels of mold insert thickness and gas temperatures to achieve rapid mold surface temperature control was established. The heating process was observed using an infrared camera and estimated by the temperature distribution and the heating rate. Then, the In-GMTC was employed to produce a thin product by an injection molding process with the In-GMTC system. The simulation results show that with agas temperature of 300 °C, the cavity surface could be heated under a heating rate that varied from 23.5 to 24.5 °C/s in the first 2 s. Then, the heating rate decreased. After the heating process was completed, the cavity temperature was varied from 83.8 to about 164.5 °C. In-GMTC was also used for the injection molding process with a part thickness that varied from 0.1 to 0.5 mm. The results show that with In-GMTC, the filling ability of composite material clearly increased from 2.8 to 18.6 mm with a flow thickness of 0.1 mm.
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4
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Carrasco-Correa EJ, Cocovi-Solberg DJ, Herrero-Martínez JM, Simó-Alfonso EF, Miró M. 3D printed fluidic platform with in-situ covalently immobilized polymer monolithic column for automatic solid-phase extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1111:40-48. [PMID: 32312395 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 3D stereolithographic printing is proposed for the first time for the fabrication of fluidic devices aimed at in-situ covalent immobilization of polymer monolithic columns. Integration in advanced flow injection systems capitalized upon programmable flow was realized for fully automatic solid-phase extraction (SPE) and clean-up procedures as a 'front-end' to on-line liquid chromatography. The as-fabricated 3D-printed extraction column devices were designed to tolerate the pressure drop of forward-flow fluidic systems when handling large sample volumes as demonstrated by the determination of anti-microbial agents, plastic additives and monomers as models of emerging contaminants (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, methylparaben, phenylparaben, bisphenol A and triclosan). Decoration of the monolithic phase with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was proven most appropriate for the enrichment of phenolic-type target compounds. In particular, the absolute recoveries for the tested analytes ranged from 73 to 92% both in water and saliva samples. The 3D printed composite monolith showed remarkable analytical features in terms of loading capacity (2 mg g-1), breakthrough volume (10 mL), satisfactory batch-to-batch reproducibility (<9% RSD), and easy on-line coupling of the SPE device to HPLC systems. The fully automatic 3D-printed SPE-HPLC hyphenated system was also exploited for the on-line extraction, matrix clean-up and determination of triclosan in 200 μL of real saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Javier Carrasco-Correa
- University of Valencia, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot Valencia, Spain.
| | - David J Cocovi-Solberg
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, Km 7.5, E 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Manuel Herrero-Martínez
- University of Valencia, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot Valencia, Spain
| | - Ernesto Francisco Simó-Alfonso
- University of Valencia, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, Km 7.5, E 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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5
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Tokuyama H, Nakahata Y, Ban T. Diffusion coefficient of solute in heterogeneous and macroporous hydrogels and its correlation with the effective crosslinking density. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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6
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Patinglag L, Esfahani MMN, Ragunathan K, He P, Brown NJ, Archibald SJ, Pamme N, Tarn MD. On-chip electrochemical detection of glucose towards the miniaturised quality control of carbohydrate-based radiotracers. Analyst 2020; 145:4920-4930. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01881f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have developed two microfluidic platforms for the electrochemical detection of glucose, using either a screen-printed electrode or wire electrodes, towards the quality control testing of carbohydrate-based radiotracers used in medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Patinglag
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | | | | | - Ping He
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
| | | | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
| | - Nicole Pamme
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
| | - Mark D. Tarn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
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7
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Current trends in affinity-based monoliths in microextraction approaches: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1084:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Alzahrani E. Organic Boronate Affinity Sorbent for Capture of cis-Diol Containing Compounds
Eman Alzahrani. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2019.22108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Boronate affinity chromatography (BAC) is argued to be a critical tool in specific capture and separation of cis-diol containing compounds. In present study, organic boronate affinity monolith poly(3-acrylamido phenylboronic acid-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) (AAPBA-co-EDMA) is prepared through one-step in situ polymerization procedure within a micropipette through the application of a pre-polymerization mixture which contains functional monomer (3-acrylamido phenylboronic acid), cross-linker (ethylene dimethacrylate), porogenic solvent (methanol with poly ethylene glycol) and initiator (2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-acetophenone). Following the optimization of time exposure to UV lamp with 365 nm, the macroporous organic boronate monolith was selected. Several approaches including SEM and BET analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy and measuring contact angle were applied in the characterization of the morphology of the monolith. Several cis-diol compounds that include catechol and galactose are applied in the assessment of the boronate affinity of the organic monolithic material. Additionally, the capture of glucose from urine sample is also conducted. The basic principle of the
approach is that boronic acid forms covalent bond with cis-diols in basic solutions whereas the ester bonds are dissociated under acidic media. By using the study results, monolith demonstrate good selectivity towards cis-diol containing compounds. Due to the hydrophilic property of monolith, the affinity chromatography monolith can be performed for several cis-diol compounds including glycoproteins and nucleosides. Also, fabrication of the organic boronate monolithic in microfluidic equipment is essential in facilitating the extraction of boronate affinity using small-volume samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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9
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Study on External Gas-Assisted Mold Temperature Control for Improving the Melt Flow Length of Thin Rib Products in the Injection Molding Process. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/5973403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the injection molding process, mold temperature control is one of the most efficient methods for improving product quality. In this research, an external gas-assisted mold temperature control (Ex-GMTC) with gas temperature variation from 200°C to 400°C was applied to thin wall injection molding at melt thicknesses from 0.2 to 0.6 mm. The melt flow length was evaluated through the application of this system to the mold of a thin rib product. The results show that the heating process achieves high efficiency in the initial 20 s, with a maximum heating rate of 6.4°C/s. In this case, the mold surface reached 158.4°C. By applying Ex-GMTC to a 0.2 mm flow thickness, the flow length increased from 37.85 to 41.32 mm with polypropylene (PP) material and from 14.54 to 15.8 mm with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material. With the thin rib mold and use of Ex-GMTC, the mold temperature varied from 112.0°C to 140.8°C and the thin rib height reached 7.0 mm.
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10
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Hyeon J, So H. Microfabricaton of microfluidic check valves using comb-shaped moving plug for suppression of backflow in microchannel. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:19. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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11
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Watanabe S, Tominaga T, Matsumoto M. Alternate Soaking Technique for Micropatterning Alginate Hydrogels on Wettability-patterned Substrates. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:53-60. [PMID: 30542009 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques for patterning hydrogels are important for fabrication of cell culture, analytical, and actuator devices at the micro- and nanometer length scales. In this study, we fabricated alginate hydrogels cross-linked by divalent cations on wettability-patterned substrates by alternate soaking of precursor solutions of sodium alginate and divalent cations. The wettability-patterned substrates were fabricated on hydrophilic glass plates modified with hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers of hexamethyldisilazane followed by exposure to an ultraviolet/ozone atmosphere through a metal mask. The film thickness of alginate gels with a width and length of 0.1 and 4 mm were tuned stepwise from 30 nm to 200 nm by adjusting the precursor conditions, including the pH, type of divalent metal ions, and sodium alginate concentration, and the alternate soaking conditions, including the dipping/withdrawal speed and number of alternate soaking cycles. This technique can be applied to other functional gels and will contribute to fabrication of hydrogel devices at the micro- and nanometer scales in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taiga Tominaga
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
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12
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Haghighi F, Talebpour Z, Nezhad AS. Towards fully integrated liquid chromatography on a chip: Evolution and evaluation. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Kong X, Chong X, Squire K, Wang AX. Microfluidic Diatomite Analytical Devices for Illicit Drug Sensing with ppb-Level Sensitivity. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2018; 259:587-595. [PMID: 29755211 PMCID: PMC5943051 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The escalating research interests in porous media microfluidics, such as microfluidic paper-based analytical devices, have fostered a new spectrum of biomedical devices for point-of-care (POC) diagnosis and biosensing. In this paper, we report microfluidic diatomite analytical devices (μDADs), which consist of highly porous photonic crystal biosilica channels, as an innovative lab-on-a-chip platform to detect illicit drugs. The μDADs in this work are fabricated by spin-coating and tape-stripping diatomaceous earth on regular glass slides with cross section of 400×30µm2. As the most unique feature, our μDADs can simultaneously perform on-chip chromatography to separate small molecules from complex biofluidic samples and acquire the surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectra of the target chemicals with high specificity. Owing to the ultra-small dimension of the diatomite microfluidic channels and the photonic crystal effect from the fossilized diatom frustules, we demonstrate unprecedented sensitivity down to part-per-billion (ppb) level when detecting pyrene (1ppb) from mixed sample with Raman dye and cocaine (10 ppb) from human plasma. This pioneering work proves the exclusive advantage of μDADs as emerging microfluidic devices for chemical and biomedical sensing, especially for POC drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Kong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Environment Engineering, Liaoning Shihua University, Fushun, Liaoning 113001, P. R. China
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Xinyuan Chong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Kenny Squire
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Alan X. Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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14
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Sonker M, Knob R, Sahore V, Woolley AT. Integrated electrokinetically driven microfluidic devices with pH-mediated solid-phase extraction coupled to microchip electrophoresis for preterm birth biomarkers. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:1743-1754. [PMID: 28272749 PMCID: PMC5541996 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Integration in microfluidics is important for achieving automation. Sample preconcentration integrated with separation in a microfluidic setup can have a substantial impact on rapid analysis of low-abundance disease biomarkers. Here, we have developed a microfluidic device that uses pH-mediated solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the enrichment and elution of preterm birth (PTB) biomarkers. Furthermore, this SPE module was integrated with microchip electrophoresis for combined enrichment and separation of multiple analytes, including a PTB peptide biomarker (P1). A reversed-phase octyl methacrylate monolith was polymerized as the SPE medium in polyethylene glycol diacrylate modified cyclic olefin copolymer microfluidic channels. Eluent for pH-mediated SPE of PTB biomarkers on the monolith was optimized using different pH values and ionic concentrations. Nearly 50-fold enrichment was observed in single channel SPE devices for a low nanomolar solution of P1, with great elution time reproducibility (<7% RSD). The monolith binding capacity was determined to be 400 pg (0.2 pmol). A mixture of a model peptide (FA) and a PTB biomarker (P1) was extracted, eluted, injected, and then separated by microchip electrophoresis in our integrated device with ∼15-fold enrichment. This device shows important progress towards an integrated electrokinetically operated platform for preconcentration and separation of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Radim Knob
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Vishal Sahore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
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15
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Solid supports for extraction and preconcentration of proteins and peptides in microfluidic devices: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 955:1-26. [PMID: 28088276 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Determination of proteins and peptides is among the main challenges of today's bioanalytical chemistry. The application of microchip technology in this field is an exhaustively developed concept that aims to create integrated and fully automated analytical devices able to quantify or detect one or several proteins from a complex matrix. Selective extraction and preconcentration of targeted proteins and peptides especially from biological fluids is of the highest importance for a successful realization of these microsystems. Incorporation of solid structures or supports is a convenient solution employed to face these demands. This review presents a critical view on the latest achievements in sample processing techniques for protein determination using solid supports in microfluidics. The study covers the period from 2006 to 2015 and focuses mainly on the strategies based on microbeads, monolithic materials and membranes. Less common approaches are also briefly discussed. The reviewed literature suggests future trends which are discussed in the concluding remarks.
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16
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Shih YH, Kuo YC, Lirio S, Wang KY, Lin CH, Huang HY. A Simple Approach to Enhance the Water Stability of a Metal-Organic Framework. Chemistry 2016; 23:42-46. [PMID: 27796059 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A facile method to improve the feasibility of water-unstable metal-organic frameworks in an aqueous environment has been developed that involves imbedding in a polymer monolith. The effect of compartment type during polymerization plays a significant role in maintaining the crystalline structure and thermal stability of the MOFs, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The MOF-polymer composite prepared in a narrow compartment (column, ID 0.8 mm) has better thermal and chemical stability than that prepared in a broad compartment (vial, ID 7 mm). The developed MOF-polymer composite was applied as an adsorbent in solid-phase microextraction of nine non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and could be used for extraction more than 30 times, demonstrating that the proposed approach has potential for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Han Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Rd., Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Ching Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Rd., Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Stephen Lirio
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Rd., Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Kun-Yun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Rd., Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chia-Her Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Rd., Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsi-Ya Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, 200 Chung Pei Rd., Chung-Li District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, R.O.C
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17
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Sonker M, Yang R, Sahore V, Kumar S, Woolley AT. On-Chip Fluorescent Labeling using Reversed-phase Monoliths and Microchip Electrophoretic Separations of Selected Preterm Birth Biomarkers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2016; 8:7739-7746. [PMID: 28496521 PMCID: PMC5421993 DOI: 10.1039/c6ay01803c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
On-chip preconcentration, purification, and fluorescent labeling are desirable sample preparation steps to achieve complete automation in integrated microfluidic systems. In this work, we developed electrokinetically operated microfluidic devices for solid-phase extraction and fluorescent labeling of preterm birth (PTB) biomarkers. Reversed-phase monoliths based on different acrylate monomers were photopolymerized in cyclic olefin copolymer microdevices and studied for the selective retention and elution of a fluorescent dye and PTB biomarkers. Octyl methacrylate-based monoliths with desirable retention and elution characteristics were chosen and used for on-chip fluorescent labeling of three PTB biomarkers. Purification of on-chip labeled samples was done by selective elution of unreacted dye prior to sample. Automated and rapid on-chip fluorescent labeling was achieved with similar efficiency to that obtained for samples labeled off chip. Additionally, protocols for microchip electrophoresis of several off-chip-labeled PTB biomarkers were demonstrated in poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic devices. This study is an important step toward the development of integrated on-chip labeling and separation microfluidic devices for PTB biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| | - Vishal Sahore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo 84602, UT, USA
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18
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Knob R, Sahore V, Sonker M, Woolley AT. Advances in monoliths and related porous materials for microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:032901. [PMID: 27190564 PMCID: PMC4859832 DOI: 10.1063/1.4948507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of monolithic porous polymers has seen significant growth. These materials present a highly useful support for various analytical and biochemical applications. Since their introduction, various approaches have been introduced to produce monoliths in a broad range of materials. Simple preparation has enabled their easy implementation in microchannels, extending the range of applications where microfluidics can be successfully utilized. This review summarizes progress regarding monoliths and related porous materials in the field of microfluidics between 2010 and 2015. Recent developments in monolith preparation, solid-phase extraction, separations, and catalysis are critically discussed. Finally, a brief overview of the use of these porous materials for analysis of subcellular and larger structures is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Knob
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Vishal Sahore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Mukul Sonker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
| | - Adam T Woolley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah 84602, USA
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19
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Hodek J, Zajícová V, Lovětinská-Šlamborová I, Stibor I, Müllerová J, Weber J. Protective hybrid coating containing silver, copper and zinc cations effective against human immunodeficiency virus and other enveloped viruses. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16 Suppl 1:56. [PMID: 27036553 PMCID: PMC4818485 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare-acquired infections by pathogenic microorganisms including viruses represent significant health concern worldwide. Next to direct transmission from person-to-person also indirect transmission from contaminated surfaces is well documented and important route of infections. Here, we tested antiviral properties of hybrid coating containing silver, copper and zinc cations that was previously shown to be effective against pathogenic bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Hybrid coatings containing silver, copper and zinc cations were prepared through radical polymerization via sol-gel method and applied on glass slides or into the wells of polymethylmethacrylate plates. A 10 μl droplet of several viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), influenza, dengue virus, herpes simplex virus, and coxsackievirus was added to coated and uncoated slides or plates, incubated usually from 5 to 240 min and followed by titer determination of recovered virus. Results Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed better adhesion of coatings on glass surfaces, which resulted in 99.5–100 % HIV-1 titer reduction (3.1 ± 0.8 log10TCID50, n = 3) already after 20 min of exposure to coatings, than on coated polymethylmethacrylate plates with 75–100 % (1.7 ± 1.1 log10TCID50, n = 3) and 98–100 % (2.3 ± 0.5 log10TCID50, n = 3) HIV-1 titer reduction after 20 and 120 min of exposure, respectively. Slower virucidal kinetics was observed with other enveloped viruses, where 240 min exposure to coated slides lead to 97 % (dengue), 100 % (herpes simplex) and 77 % (influenza) reduction in virus titers. Interestingly, only marginal reduction in viral titer after 240 min of exposure was noticed for non-enveloped coxsackie B3 virus. Conclusions Our hybrid coatings showed virucidal activity against HIV and other enveloped viruses thus providing further findings towards development of broad-spectrum antimicrobial coating suitable for surfaces in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Zajícová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Lovětinská-Šlamborová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.,Institute of Health Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Stibor
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.,Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Bendlova 1407/7, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Müllerová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Studentska 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.,Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Bendlova 1407/7, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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20
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Polystyrene -co-Divinylbenzene PolyHIPE Monoliths in 1.0 mm Column Formats for Liquid Chromatography. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9030212. [PMID: 28773337 PMCID: PMC5456711 DOI: 10.3390/ma9030212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) separation of small molecules using a polystyrene-co-divinylbenzene (PS-co-DVB) polyHIPE stationary phases housed within 1.0 mm i.d. silcosteel columns is presented within this study. A 90% PS-co-DVB polyHIPE was covalently attached to the walls of the column housing by prior wall modification with 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate and could withstand operating backpressures in excess of 200 bar at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min. Permeability studies revealed that the monolith swelled slightly in 100% acetonitrile relative to 100% water but could nevertheless be used to separate five alkylbenzenes using a flow rate of 40 µL/min (linear velocity: 0.57 mm/s). Remarkable column-to-column reproducibility is shown with retention factor variation between 2.6% and 6.1% for two separately prepared columns.
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21
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A review on recent developments for biomolecule separation at analytical scale using microfluidic devices. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 906:7-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Tarn MD, Maneuski D, Alexander R, Brown NJ, O’Shea V, Pimlott SL, Pamme N, Archibald SJ. Positron detection in silica monoliths for miniaturised quality control of PET radiotracers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7221-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00660d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Real-time, high S/N radiodetection of the PET radiotracer, 68Ga-citrate, was achieved on a monolithic column using a miniaturised positron sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Tarn
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | | | | | | | - Val O’Shea
- School of Physics and Astronomy
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
- UK
| | | | | | - Stephen J. Archibald
- Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre
- University of Hull
- Hull
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
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23
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Haghighi F, Talebpour Z, Sanati-Nezhad A. Through the years with on-a-chip gas chromatography: a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2559-2575. [PMID: 25994317 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00283d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the need for measurement and detection of samples in situ or with very small volume and low concentration (low and sub-parts per billion) is a cause for miniaturizing systems via microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technology. Gas chromatography (GC) is a common technique that is widely used for separating and measuring semi-volatile and volatile compounds. Conventional GCs are bulky and cannot be used for in situ analysis, hence in the past decades many studies have been reported with the aim of designing and developing chip-based GC. The focus of this review is to follow and investigate the development and the achievements in the field of chip-based GC and its components from the beginning up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Haghighi
- Chromatographic and Separation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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A new strategy for simultaneous synthesis and efficient anchorage of polymer monoliths in native PDMS microchips. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Kendall EL, Wienhold E, Rahmanian OD, DeVoe DL. Ex Situ Integration of Multifunctional Porous Polymer Monoliths into Thermoplastic Microfluidic Chips. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2014; 202:866-872. [PMID: 25018587 PMCID: PMC4088264 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A unique method for incorporating functional porous polymer monolith elements into thermoplastic microfluidic chips is described. Monolith elements are formed in a microfabricated mold, rather than within the microchannels, and chemically functionalized off chip before insertion into solvent-softened thermoplastic microchannels during chip assembly. Because monoliths may be trimmed prior to final placement, control of their size, shape, and uniformity is greatly improved over in-situ photopolymerization methods. A characteristic trapezoidal profile facilitates rapid insertion and enables complete mechanical anchoring of the monolith periphery, eliminating the need for chemical attachment to the microchannel walls. Off-chip processing allows the parallel preparation of monoliths of differing compositions and surface chemistries in large batches. Multifunctional flow-through arrays of multiple monolith elements are demonstrated using this approach through the creation of a fluorescent immunosensor with integrated controls, and a microfluidic bubble separator comprising a combination of integrated hydrophobic and hydrophilic monolith elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. Kendall
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Erik Wienhold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Omid D. Rahmanian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Don L. DeVoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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26
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Çira F, Berber E, Şen S, Mert EH. Preparation of polyHIPE/clay composites by using a reactive intercalant. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Funda Çira
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Yalova University; Yalova 77100 Turkey
| | - Elif Berber
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Yalova University; Yalova 77100 Turkey
| | - Sinan Şen
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Yalova University; Yalova 77100 Turkey
| | - E. Hilal Mert
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Yalova University; Yalova 77100 Turkey
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27
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Wang L, Ma S, Wang X, Bi H, Han X. Mixing enhancement of a passive microfluidic mixer containing triangle baffles. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Shenghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Xuejing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Hongmei Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
| | - Xiaojun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Harbin Institute of Technology; Harbin 150001 China
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28
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Synthesis and electromechanical actuation of a temperature, pH, and electrically responsive hydrogel. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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Thurmann S, Dittmar A, Belder D. A low pressure on-chip injection strategy for high-performance chip-based chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1340:59-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Hackl C, Beyreiss R, Geissler D, Jezierski S, Belder D. Rapid prototyping of electrochromatography chips for improved two-photon excited fluorescence detection. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3773-9. [PMID: 24666258 DOI: 10.1021/ac500793e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we introduce two-photon excitation at 532 nm for label-free fluorescence detection in chip electrochromatography. Two-photon excitation at 532 nm offers a promising alternative to one-photon excitation at 266 nm, as it enables the use of economic chip materials instead of fused silica. In order to demonstrate these benefits, one-photon and two-photon induced fluorescence detection are compared in different chip layouts and materials with respect to the achievable sensitivity in the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Customized chromatography chips with cover or bottom slides of different material and thickness are produced by means of a rapid prototyping method based on liquid-phase lithography. The design of thin bottom chips (180 μm) enables the use of high-performance immersion objectives with low working distances, which allows one to exploit the full potential of two-photon excitation for a sensitive detection. The developed method is applied for label-free analysis of PAHs separated on a polymer monolith inside polymer glass sandwich chips made from fused silica or soda-lime glass. The obtained limits of detection range from 40 nM to 1.95 μM, with similar sensitivities in fused silica thin bottom chips for one-photon and two-photon excitation. In deep-UV non- or less-transparent devices two-photon excitation is mandatory for label-free detection of aromatics with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hackl
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig , Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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31
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On-line solid phase extraction–liquid chromatography, with emphasis on modern bioanalysis and miniaturized systems. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 87:120-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Mai J, Abhyankar VV, Piccini ME, Olano JP, Willson R, Hatch AV. Rapid detection of trace bacteria in biofluids using porous monoliths in microchannels. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 54:435-41. [PMID: 24316449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We present advancements in microfluidic technology for rapid detection of as few as 10 rickettsial organisms in complex biological samples. An immuno-reactive filter, macroporous polyacrylamide monolith (PAM), fabricated within a microfluidic channel enhances solid-phase immuno-capture, staining and detection of targeted bacteria. Bacterial cells in samples flowing through the channel are forced to interact with the PAM filter surface due to size exclusion, overcoming common transport and kinetic limitations for rapid (min), high-efficiency (~100%) capture. In the process, targeted cells in sample volumes of 10 μl to >100 μl are concentrated within a sub-50 nl region at the PAM filter edge in the microchannel, thus concentrating them over 1000-fold. This significantly increases sensitivity, as the hydrophilic PAM also yields low non-specific immuno-fluorescence backgrounds with samples including serum, blood and non-targeted bacteria. The concentrated target cells are detected using fluorescently-labeled antibodies. With a single 2.0×2.0×0.3 mm PAM filter, as few as 10 rickettsial organisms per 100 µl of lysed blood sample can be analyzed within 60 min, as compared to hours or even days needed for conventional detection methods. This method is highly relevant to rapid, multiplexed, low-cost point of care diagnostics at early stages of infection where diagnostics providing more immediate and actionable test results are needed to improve patient outcomes and mitigate potential natural and non-natural outbreaks or epidemics of rickettsial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Mai
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Vinay V Abhyankar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Matthew E Piccini
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
| | - Juan P Olano
- University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Richard Willson
- University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Anson V Hatch
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551, USA.
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33
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Recent developments in microfluidic chip-based separation devices coupled to MS for bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2013; 5:2567-80. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.13.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the development of microfluidic chip separation devices coupled to MS has dramatically increased for high-throughput bioanalysis. In this review, advances in different types of microfluidic chip separation devices, such as electrophoresis- and LC-based microchips, as well as 2D design of microfluidic chip-based separation devices will be discussed. In addition, the utilization of chip-based separation devices coupled to MS for analyzing peptides/proteins, glycans, drug metabolites and biomarkers for various bioanalytical applications will be evaluated.
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34
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Parameters Governing the Formation of Photopolymerized Silica Sol-Gel Monoliths in PDMS Microfluidic Chips. Chromatographia 2013; 76:993-1002. [PMID: 28450752 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chips provide an alternative to more expensive microfabricated glass chips, formation of monolithic stationary phases in PDMS is not a trivial task. Photopolymerized silica sol-gel monoliths were fabricated in PDMS based microfluidic devices using 3-trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate (MPTMOS) and glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMOS). The monolith formation was optimized by identifying a suitable porogen, controlling monomer concentration, functional additives, salts, porogen, wall attachment methods, and rinsing procedures. The resulting monoliths were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, image analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and separation performance. Monoliths functionalized with boronic acid ligands were used for the separation of cis-diol containing compounds both in batch mode and in the microfluidic chip.
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35
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Levy MH, Plawsky J, Cramer SM. Photopolymerized sol-gel monoliths for separations of glycosylated proteins and peptides in microfluidic chips. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2358-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam H. Levy
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY USA
| | - Joel Plawsky
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY USA
| | - Steven M. Cramer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Troy NY USA
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Davies RT, Kim J, Jang SC, Choi EJ, Gho YS, Park J. Microfluidic filtration system to isolate extracellular vesicles from blood. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:5202-10. [PMID: 23111789 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are released by various cell types, particularly tumor cells, and may be potential targets for blood-based cancer diagnosis. However, studies performed on blood-borne vesicles to date have been limited by lack of effective, standardized purification strategies. Using in situ prepared nanoporous membranes, we present a simple strategy employing a microfluidic filtration system to isolate vesicles from whole blood samples. This method can be applied to purify nano-sized particles from blood allowing isolation of intact extracellular vesicles, avoiding the need for laborious and potentially damaging centrifugation steps or overly specific antibody-based affinity purification. Porous polymer monoliths were integrated as membranes into poly(methyl methacrylate) microfluidic chips by benchtop UV photopolymerization through a mask, allowing precise positioning of membrane elements while preserving simplicity of device preparation. Pore size could be manipulated by changing the ratio of porogenic solvent to prepolymer solution, and was tuned to a size proper for extraction of vesicles. Using the membrane as a size exclusion filter, we separated vesicles from cells and large debris by injecting whole blood under pressure through the microfluidic device. To enhance isolation purity, DC electrophoresis was employed as an alternative driving force to propel particles across the filter and increase the separation efficiency of vesicles from proteins. From the whole blood of melanoma-grown mice, we isolated extracellular vesicles and performed RT-PCR to verify their contents of RNA. Melan A mRNA derived from melanoma tumor cells were found enriched in filtered samples, confirming the recovery of vesicles via their cargo. This filtration system can be incorporated into other on-chip processes enabling integrated sample preparation for the downstream analysis of blood-based extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Davies
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Jiang K, Sposito A, Liu J, Raghavan SR, DeVoe DL. Microfluidic synthesis of macroporous polymer immunobeads. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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38
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Abhyankar VV, Hatch AV. Thirty-minute total synthesis of microfluidic systems and functionalized porous elements via "living" radical photo-polymerization. Adv Healthc Mater 2012. [PMID: 23184830 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A "living" radical photo-polymerization (LRPP) technique is used to rapidly fabricate microfluidic channels and micro-patterned porous polymer monoliths. Surface-initiated LRPP is then used to functionalize porous elements in a robust one-step surface modification process. Assay-ready platforms can be fully realized in less than 30 minutes. An application relevant to clinical diagnostics is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay V Abhyankar
- Sandia National Laboratories, Department of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Livermore, CA 94551, USA
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Connolly D, Currivan S, Paull B. Polymeric monolithic materials modified with nanoparticles for separation and detection of biomolecules: A review. Proteomics 2012; 12:2904-17. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Connolly
- Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC); School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin 9; Ireland
| | - Sinead Currivan
- Irish Separation Science Cluster (ISSC); School of Chemical Sciences; Dublin City University; Dublin 9; Ireland
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS); School of Chemistry; University of Tasmania; Hobart; Tasmania; Australia
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Abstract
AbstractThis review highlights the fundamentals and the most prominent advances in the field of HPLC instrumentation over the last decades. Fundamental aspects and practical considerations of column switching, conventional (heart-cut) and comprehensive two-dimensional LC are presented. Different aspects of microcolumn- and nanoliquid-chromatography are reviewed. Recent progress in column technology and the demands and developments in instrumentation and accessories for miniaturized LC are also discussed. In the field of miniaturization, particularly in chip-based nano-LC systems, some aspects on micro-fluidic chip fabrication, using particle-packed HPLC microchips or polymer-based monoliths, are addressed. An introduction to ultra performance LC (UPLC) is also presented.
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41
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Kutter JP. Liquid phase chromatography on microchips. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1221:72-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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42
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Kašička V. Recent developments in CE and CEC of peptides (2009-2011). Electrophoresis 2011; 33:48-73. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Daneyko A, Khirevich S, Höltzel A, Seidel-Morgenstern A, Tallarek U. From random sphere packings to regular pillar arrays: Effect of the macroscopic confinement on hydrodynamic dispersion. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8231-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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44
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Centrifugally-driven sample extraction, preconcentration and purification in microfluidic compact discs. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Tsougeni K, Zerefos P, Tserepi A, Vlahou A, Garbis SD, Gogolides E. TiO2-ZrO2 affinity chromatography polymeric microchip for phosphopeptide enrichment and separation. LAB ON A CHIP 2011; 11:3113-3120. [PMID: 21796280 DOI: 10.1039/c1lc20133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated a TiO(2)-ZrO(2) affinity chromatography micro-column on 2 mm PMMA plates, and demonstrated the enrichment and separation of (a) a standard mono- and tetra-phosphopeptide, and (b) phosphopeptides contained in a tryptic digest of β-Casein. The chromatography column consisted of 32 parallel microchannels with common input and output ports and was fabricated by lithography directly on the polymeric substrate followed by plasma etching (i.e. standard MEMS processing) and sealed with lamination. The liquid deposited TiO(2)-ZrO(2) stationary phase was characterized by X-ray diffraction and was found to be mostly TiO(2) and ZrO(2) in crystalline phases. Off-chip UV detection and MALDI MS identification of the separated effluents were used. The chip had a capacity of >1.4 μg (0.7 nmol) of a prototype mono-phosphopeptide and a recovery of 94 ± 3%, and can be used with small samples (less than 0.1 μL depending on the syringe pump used). The chip design allows an expansion of its capacity by means of increasing the number of parallel microchannels at a constant sample volume. Our approach provided an alternative to off-line extraction tips (with typical capacities of 1-2 μg and sample volumes of 1-10 μL), and to on-chip efforts based on packed bed and frit formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tsougeni
- Institute of Microelectronics, NCSR Demokritos, P.O. BOX 60228, 153 10, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
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On-chip solid phase extraction and enzyme digestion using cationic PolyE-323 coatings and porous polymer monoliths coupled to electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:4039-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Preparation and Evaluation of Long Chain Alkyl Methacrylate Monoliths for Capillary Chromatography. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lavrik N, Taylor L, Sepaniak M. Nanotechnology and chip level systems for pressure driven liquid chromatography and emerging analytical separation techniques: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 694:6-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Namera A, Nakamoto A, Saito T, Miyazaki S. Monolith as a new sample preparation material: Recent devices and applications. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:901-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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KATAOKA H. Current Developments and Future Trends in Solid-phase Microextraction Techniques for Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analyses. ANAL SCI 2011; 27:893-905. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.27.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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