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Chandrasekaran K, Kakani V, Kokkarachedu V, Abdulrahman Syedahamed HH, Palani S, Arumugam S, Shanmugam A, Kim S, Kim K. Toxicological assessment of divalent ion-modified ZnO nanomaterials through artificial intelligence and in vivo study. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 267:106826. [PMID: 38219502 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The nanotechnology-driven industrial revolution widely relies on metal oxide-based nanomaterial (NM). Zinc oxide (ZnO) production has rapidly increased globally due to its outstanding physical and chemical properties and versatile applications in industries including cement, rubber, paints, cosmetics, and more. Nevertheless, releasing Zn2+ ions into the environment can profoundly impact living systems and affect water-based ecosystems, including biological ones. In aquatic environments, Zn2+ ions can change water properties, directly influencing underwater ecosystems, especially fish populations. These ions can accumulate in fish tissues when fish are exposed to contaminated water and pose health risks to humans who consume them, leading to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and even organ damage. To address this issue, safety of ZnO NMs should be enhanced without altering their nanoscale properties, thus preventing toxic-related problems. In this study, an eco-friendly precipitation method was employed to prepare ZnO NMs. These NMs were found to reduce ZnO toxicity levels by incorporating elements such as Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. Structural, morphological, and optical properties of synthesized NMs were thoroughly investigated. In vitro tests demonstrated potential antioxidative properties of NMs with significant effects on free radical scavenging activities. In vivo, toxicity tests were conducted using Oreochromis mossambicus fish and male Swiss Albino mice to compare toxicities of different ZnO NMs. Fish and mice exposed to these NMs exhibited biochemical changes and histological abnormalities. Notably, ZnCaO NMs demonstrated lower toxicity to fish and mice than other ZnO NMs. This was attributed to its Ca2+ ions, which could enhance body growth metabolism compared to other metals, thus improving material safety. Furthermore, whether nanomaterials' surface roughness might contribute to their increased toxicity in biological systems was investigated utilizing computer vision (CV)-based AI tools to obtain SEM images of NMs, providing valuable image-based surface morphology data that could be correlated with relevant toxicology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijay Kakani
- Integrated System Engineering, Inha University, Inha-ro, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Varaprasad Kokkarachedu
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Deseno, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, Concepción 4080871, Bio-Bio, Chile
| | | | - Suganthi Palani
- KIRND Institute of Research and Development Pvt Ltd, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620 020, India
| | - Stalin Arumugam
- Department of Zoology, National College (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620 001, India
| | - Achiraman Shanmugam
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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Karthikeyan C, Sisubalan N, Sridevi M, Varaprasad K, Ghouse Basha MH, Shucai W, Sadiku R. Biocidal chitosan-magnesium oxide nanoparticles via a green precipitation process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 411:124884. [PMID: 33858076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the present scenario, the development of eco-friendly multifunctional biocidal substances with low cost and high efficiency, has become the center of focus. This study is, focused on the synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) and chitosan-modified magnesium oxide (CMgO) nanoparticles (NPs), via a green precipitation process. In this process, leaves extract of Plumbago zeylanica L was, used as a nucleating agent. The MgO and CMgO NPs exhibit face-centered cubic structures, as confirmed by XRD studies. Morphologically, the FESEM and TEM images showed that the MgO and CMgO NPs were spherical, with an average particle size of ~40±2 and ~37±2 nm, respectively. EDX spectra were used to identify the elemental compositions of the nanoparticles. By using FTIR spectra, the Mg-O stretching frequency of MgO and CMgO NPs were observed at 431 and 435 cm-1, respectively. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of MgO and CMgO NPs, revealed oxygen vacancies at 499 nm and 519 nm, respectively, due to the active radicals generated, which were responsible for their biocidal activities. The toxicity effects of the nanoparticles developed, on cell viability (antibacterial and anticancer), were measured on the MCF-7 cell line and six different types of gram-negative bacteria. The antibacterial activities of the nanoparticles on: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Vibrio cholerae bacteria, were studied with the well diffusion method. The MgO and CMgO NPs were tested on breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) via an MTT assay and it proved that CMgO NPs possess higher anticancer properties than MgO NPs. Overall, CMgO NPs showed a higher amount of cytotoxicity for both the bacterial and cancer cells when compared to the MgO NPs. Toxicity studies of fibroblast L929 cells revealed that the CMgO NPs were less harmful to the healthy cells when compared to the MgO NPs. These results suggest that biopolymer chitosan-modified MgO NPs can be used for healthcare industrial applications in order to improve human health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekaran Karthikeyan
- KIRND Institute of Research and Development PVT LTD, Tiruchirappalli 620020, Tamil Nadu, India; Centro de Investigaciòn de Polimeros Avanzados (CIPA), Avendia Collao 1202, Edificio de Laboratorios de CIPA, Concepciòn, Chile
| | - Natarajan Sisubalan
- KIRND Institute of Research and Development PVT LTD, Tiruchirappalli 620020, Tamil Nadu, India; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Botany, Bishop Heber College (Autonomous), Affi. To Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620017, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mani Sridevi
- KIRND Institute of Research and Development PVT LTD, Tiruchirappalli 620020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kokkarachedu Varaprasad
- Centro de Investigaciòn de Polimeros Avanzados (CIPA), Avendia Collao 1202, Edificio de Laboratorios de CIPA, Concepciòn, Chile
| | - Mohamed Hussain Ghouse Basha
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affi. To Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Wang Shucai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE and Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, China
| | - Rotimi Sadiku
- Institute of Nano Engineering Research (INER), Department of Chemical, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering (Polymer Division), Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria West Campus, Staatsarillerie Rd, Pretoria 1083, South Africa
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Suktham T, Jones A, Soliven A, Dennis GR, Shalliker RA. A comparison of the performance of the cupric reducing antioxidant potential assay and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay for the analysis of antioxidants using reaction flow chromatography. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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High throughput screening of phenolic constituents in a complex sample matrix using post-column derivatisations employing reaction flow HPLC columns. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Acquaviva A, Jones A, Dennis GR, Shalliker RA, Soliven A. Detection selectivity in the analysis of “reactive” chemical compounds derived from natural samples via reaction flow chromatography. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Wang G, Jia S, Niu X, Liu Y, Tian H, Chen X, Shi G. Detection of peroxyl radicals from polluted air by free radical reaction combined with liquid chromatography signal amplification technique. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1930-1937. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Shiming Jia
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Niu
- Large Equipment Laboratory No.1; Gansu Province Food Inspection Institute; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Yanrong Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Haoqi Tian
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Xuefu Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou P. R. China
| | - Gaofeng Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou P. R. China
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Lu Y, Wu N, Fang Y, Shaheen N, Wei Y. An automatic on-line 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-high performance liquid chromatography method for high-throughput screening of antioxidants from natural products. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1521:100-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Erkekoglou I, Nenadis N, Samara E, Mantzouridou FT. Functional Teas from the Leaves of Arbutus unedo: Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Activity, and Detection of Efficient Radical Scavengers. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 72:176-183. [PMID: 28421300 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-017-0607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic content/composition and antioxidant activity of hot/cold infusion and decoction from the leaves of Arbutus unedo were studied for the first time. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH●), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation (ABTS●+), crocin-bleaching, copper-reducing, and liposome accelerated oxidation assays were used for the evaluation of the activity in vitro. In vivo, the extracts were examined for their ability to protect S. cerevisiae cells from H2O2 induced oxidative stress. An on-line high-performance liquid chromatography-DPPH● assay was applied to identify potent radical scavengers and comment on their contribution to the total activity. The addition of leaves to boiling water (decoction) was the most appropriate practice to apply since the highest phenol intake (220.2 mg gallic acid/cup served) was obtained. Additionally, its antioxidant activity was equal or superior to that of the other extracts. Flavonols (~51-61 mg/g dry extract) were the main phenols in all the extracts, with quercitrin accounting for ~20% of the total phenol amount. The on-line DPPH● method verified the high potency of the decoction and indicated as the most active radical scavengers, two galloylquinic acid derivatives and myricitrin, accounting for ~28-45% and ~11-13% of the total scavenging, respectively. Present data may contribute to the future exploitation of A. unedo leaves by the food industry for health-promoting herbal tea preparations and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Erkekoglou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nenadis
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Efrosini Samara
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fani Th Mantzouridou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Jones A, Pravadali-Cekic S, Dennis G, Bashir R, Mahon P, Shalliker R. Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) of antioxidants using reaction flow chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 967:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Srivastava S, Adholeya A, Conlan XA, Cahill DM. Acidic Potassium Permanganate Chemiluminescence for the Determination of Antioxidant Potential in Three Cultivars of Ocimum basilicum. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:72-80. [PMID: 26803763 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ocimum basilicum, a member of the family Lamiaceae, is a rich source of polyphenolics that have antioxidant properties. The present study describes the development and application of an online HPLC-coupled acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence assay for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of antioxidants in three cultivars of O. basilicum grown under greenhouse conditions. The chemiluminescence based assay was found to be a sensitive and efficient method for assessment of total and individual compound antioxidant potential. Leaves, flowers and roots were found to be rich reserves of the antioxidant compounds which showed intense chemiluminescence signals. The polyphenolics such as rosmarinic, chicoric, caffeic, p-coumaric, m-coumaric and ferulic acids showed antioxidant activity. Further, rosmarinic acid was found to be the major antioxidant component in water-ethanol extracts. The highest levels of rosmarinic acid was found in the leaves and roots of cultivars "holy green" (14.37; 11.52 mM/100 g DW respectively) followed by "red rubin" (10.02; 10.75 mM/100 g DW respectively) and "subja" (6.59; 4.97 mM/100 g DW respectively). The sensitivity, efficiency and ease of use of the chemiluminescence based assay should now be considered for its use as a primary method for the identification and quantification of antioxidants in plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Srivastava
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), DS Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (Waurn Ponds Campus), 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Alok Adholeya
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), DS Block, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (Waurn Ponds Campus), 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (Waurn Ponds Campus), 75 Pigdons Road, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.
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Post column derivatisation analyses review. Is post-column derivatisation incompatible with modern HPLC columns? Anal Chim Acta 2015; 889:58-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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De Smet S, Miserez B, Rambla Alegre M, Talha Yapa M, de Villiers A, Sandra P, Lynen F. Optimization of a high-resolution radical scavenging assay coupled on-line to reversed-phase liquid chromatography for antioxidant detection in complex natural extracts. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:724-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seppe De Smet
- Separation Science Group; Department of Organic & Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Bram Miserez
- Separation Science Group; Department of Organic & Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Mehmet Talha Yapa
- Separation Science Group; Department of Organic & Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - André de Villiers
- University of Stellenbosch; Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; Matieland South Africa
| | - Pat Sandra
- Separation Science Group; Department of Organic & Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Research Institute for Chromatography; Kortrijk Belgium
| | - Frederic Lynen
- Separation Science Group; Department of Organic & Macromolecular Chemistry; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Wang G, Niu X, Shi G, Chen X, Yao R, Chen F. Functionalized graphene quantum dots loaded with free radicals combined with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to screen radical scavenging natural antioxidants from Licorice and Scutellariae. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3641-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou China
| | - XiuLi Niu
- Food Quality Supervision Inspection and Research Center; Gansu Food and Drug Administration; Lanzhou China
| | - Gaofeng Shi
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou China
| | - Xuefu Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou China
| | - Ruixing Yao
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou China
| | - Fuwen Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering; Lanzhou University of Technology; Lanzhou China
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HPLC-DPPH screening method for evaluation of antioxidant compounds extracted from Semen Oroxyli. Molecules 2014; 19:4409-17. [PMID: 24727414 PMCID: PMC6271040 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19044409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Semen Oroxyli, derived from the seed of Oroxylum indicum L., is a commonly used Traditional Chinese Medicine with beneficial effects against several respiratory disorders. Antioxidative flavonoids may be partly responsible for its medicinal functions. The aim of this study was to rapidly determine the antioxidants in Semen Oroxyli based on a HPLC-DPPH method. Four major flavonoids, baicalein-7-O-gentiobioside, baicalein-7-O-glucoside, baicalein, and baicalin, were identified as the active components against DPPH free radicals, which is in accord with the results of our former traditional activity-guided phytochemical study. The oxidative products of the four antioxidant flavonoids were studied in the DPPH spiking HPLC assay, it was suggested that the three active flavonoid glycosides were converted into 5,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, which implied that an additional hydroxyl at C-6 in 5,7-dihydroxyflavones plays an important role in the DPPH assay.
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Loading of free radicals on the functional graphene combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry screening method for the detection of radical-scavenging natural antioxidants. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 802:103-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Separation and purification of bovine serum albumin binders from Fructus polygoni orientalis using off-line two-dimensional complexation high-speed counter-current chromatography target-guided by ligand fishing. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1304:183-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Revised: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Development of on-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-biochemical detection methods as tools in the identification of bioactives. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:3101-3133. [PMID: 22489144 PMCID: PMC3317705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13033101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical detection (BCD) methods are commonly used to screen plant extracts for specific biological activities in batch assays. Traditionally, bioactives in the most active extracts were identified through time-consuming bio-assay guided fractionation until single active compounds could be isolated. Not only are isolation procedures often tedious, but they could also lead to artifact formation. On-line coupling of BCD assays to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is gaining ground as a high resolution screening technique to overcome problems associated with pre-isolation by measuring the effects of compounds post-column directly after separation. To date, several on-line HPLC-BCD assays, applied to whole plant extracts and mixtures, have been published. In this review the focus will fall on enzyme-based, receptor-based and antioxidant assays.
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Comparative evaluation of three methods based on high-performance liquid chromatography analysis combined with a 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay for the rapid screening of antioxidants from Pueraria lobata flowers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2965-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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19
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Dissimilar chromatographic systems to indicate and identify antioxidants from Mallotus species. Talanta 2011; 83:1198-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Screening for antioxidants in complex matrices using high performance liquid chromatography with acidic potassium permanganate chemiluminescence detection. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 684:134-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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