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Huang S, Wang X, Zhang B, Xia L, Chen Y, Li G. Room-temperature fabrication of fluorinated covalent organic polymer @ Attapulgite composite for in-syringe membrane solid-phase extraction and analysis of domoic acid in aquatic products. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464849. [PMID: 38564930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A novel fluorinated covalent organic polymer @ attapulgite composite (F-COP@ATP) was prepared at room temperature for in-syringe membrane solid-phase extraction (SM-SPE) of domoic acid (DA) in aquatic products. Natural ore ATP has the advantages of low cost, good mechanical strength and abundant hydroxyl group on its surface, and in-situ modified F-COP layer can provide abundant adsorption sites. F-COP@ATP combining the advantages of F-COP and ATP, becomes an ideal adsorbent for DA extracting. Moreover, a high-throughput sample preparation strategy was carried out by using the F-COP@ATP membrane as syringe filter and assembling syringes with a ten-channel injection pump. In addition, the experimental factors were optimized, such as pH of extract, amount of adsorbent, velocity of extraction and desorption, type and volume of desorption solvent. The DA analytical method was established by SM-SPE-HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry. The method had a wide linear range with low limit of detection (0.344 ng/kg) and low limit of quantification (1.14 ng/kg). F-COP@ATP membrane can be reused more than five times. The method realized the analysis of DA in scallop and razor clam samples, which shows its application prospect in practical analysis. This study provided an efficient, low-energy and mild idea for preparing other reusable natural mineral ATP-based composite materials for separation and enrichment, which reduces the experimental cost and is closer to environmental protection and green chemistry to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Huang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223001, China.
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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2
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Wei LN, Luo L, Wang BZ, Lei HT, Guan T, Shen YD, Wang H, Xu ZL. Biosensors for detection of paralytic shellfish toxins: Recognition elements and transduction technologies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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3
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Klüpfel J, Paßreiter S, Rumpf M, Christa C, Holthoff HP, Ungerer M, Lohse M, Knolle P, Protzer U, Elsner M, Seidel M. Automated detection of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in minutes using a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:391-404. [PMID: 36346456 PMCID: PMC9643999 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has shown the importance of rapid and comprehensive diagnostic tools. While there are numerous rapid antigen tests available, rapid serological assays for the detection of neutralizing antibodies are and will be needed to determine not only the amount of antibodies formed after infection or vaccination but also their neutralizing potential, preventing the cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. Current active-virus neutralization assays require biosafety level 3 facilities, while virus-free surrogate assays are more versatile in applications, but still take typically several hours until results are available. To overcome these disadvantages, we developed a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay that enables the detection of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies within 7 min. The neutralizing antibodies bind to the viral receptor binding domain (RBD) and inhibit the binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. This competitive binding inhibition test was characterized with a set of 80 samples, which could all be classified correctly. The assay results favorably compare to those obtained with a more time-intensive ELISA-based neutralization test and a commercial surrogate neutralization assay. Our test could further be used to detect individuals with a high total IgG antibody titer, but only a low neutralizing titer, as well as for monitoring neutralizing antibodies after vaccinations. This effective performance in SARS-CoV-2 seromonitoring delineates the potential for the test to be adapted to other diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Klüpfel
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sandra Paßreiter
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Melina Rumpf
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Catharina Christa
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Ungerer
- ISAR Bioscience GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Martin Lohse
- ISAR Bioscience GmbH, Semmelweisstr. 5, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology/Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Trogerstr. 30, 81675 Munich, Germany ,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michael Seidel
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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4
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Mills C, Dillon MJ, Kulabhusan PK, Senovilla-Herrero D, Campbell K. Multiplex Lateral Flow Assay and the Sample Preparation Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Three Marine Toxins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12210-12217. [PMID: 35951987 PMCID: PMC9454242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A multiplex lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) has been developed to detect the primary marine biotoxin groups: amnesic shellfish poisoning toxins, paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning toxins. The performance characteristics of the multiplex LFA were evaluated for its suitability as a screening method for the detection of toxins in shellfish. The marine toxin-specific antibodies were class-specific, and there was no cross-reactivity between the three toxin groups. The test is capable of detecting all three marine toxin groups, with working ranges of 0.2-1.5, 2.5-65.0, and 8.2-140.3 ng/mL for okadaic acid, saxitoxin, and domoic acid, respectively. This allows the multiplex LFA to detect all three toxin groups at the EU regulatory limits, with a single sample extraction method and dilution volume. No matrix effects were observed on the performance of the LFA with mussel samples spiked with toxins. The developed LFA uses a simple and pocket-sized, portable Cube Reader to provide an accurate result. We also evaluated the use of this Cube Reader with commercially available monoplex lateral flow assays for marine toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Mills
- Institute
for Global Food Security, School of Biological
Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K.
| | - Michael J. Dillon
- Institute
for Global Food Security, School of Biological
Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K.
- Faculty
of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University
of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, U.K.
| | - Prabir Kumar Kulabhusan
- Institute
for Global Food Security, School of Biological
Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K.
- Kavli
Institute for NanoScience Discovery, Department of Physics, New Biochemistry
Building, University of Oxford, Dorothy Hodgkin Rd, Oxford OX13QU, U.K.
| | - Diana Senovilla-Herrero
- Institute
for Global Food Security, School of Biological
Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K.
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute
for Global Food Security, School of Biological
Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, U.K.
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5
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Louzao MC, Vilariño N, Vale C, Costas C, Cao A, Raposo-Garcia S, Vieytes MR, Botana LM. Current Trends and New Challenges in Marine Phycotoxins. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030198. [PMID: 35323497 PMCID: PMC8950113 DOI: 10.3390/md20030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine phycotoxins are a multiplicity of bioactive compounds which are produced by microalgae and bioaccumulate in the marine food web. Phycotoxins affect the ecosystem, pose a threat to human health, and have important economic effects on aquaculture and tourism worldwide. However, human health and food safety have been the primary concerns when considering the impacts of phycotoxins. Phycotoxins toxicity information, often used to set regulatory limits for these toxins in shellfish, lacks traceability of toxicity values highlighting the need for predefined toxicological criteria. Toxicity data together with adequate detection methods for monitoring procedures are crucial to protect human health. However, despite technological advances, there are still methodological uncertainties and high demand for universal phycotoxin detectors. This review focuses on these topics, including uncertainties of climate change, providing an overview of the current information as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Louzao
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Natalia Vilariño
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Carmen Vale
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Celia Costas
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Alejandro Cao
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Sandra Raposo-Garcia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
| | - Mercedes R. Vieytes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain;
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; (N.V.); (C.V.); (C.C.); (A.C.); (S.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.); (L.M.B.)
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6
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Zhao Y, Li L, Yan X, Wang L, Ma R, Qi X, Wang S, Mao X. Emerging roles of the aptasensors as superior bioaffinity sensors for monitoring shellfish toxins in marine food chain. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126690. [PMID: 34315019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Shellfish toxins are derived from harmful algae and are easily accumulated in environment and marine food through the food chain, exposing high risks on human health. Preliminary rapid screening is one of the most effective monitoring ways to reduce the potential risks; however, the traditional methods encounter with many limitations, such as complicated procedures, low sensitivity and specificity, and ethical problems. Alternatively, bioaffinity sensors are proposed and draw particular attention. Among them, the aptasensors are springing up and emerging as superior alternatives in recent years, exhibiting high practicability to analyze shellfish toxins in real samples in the marine food chain. Herein, the latest research progresses of aptasensors towards shellfish toxins in the marine food chain in the past five years was reviewed for the first time, in terms of the aptamers applied in these aptasensors, construction principles, signal transduction techniques, response types, individual performance properties, practical applications, and advantages/disadvantages of these aptasensors. Synchronously, critical discussions were given and future perspectives were prospected. We hope this review can serve as a powerful reference to promote further development and application of aptasensors to monitor shellfish toxins, as well as other analytes with similar demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ling Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaochen Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lele Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Sai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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7
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Dillon M, Zaczek-Moczydlowska MA, Edwards C, Turner AD, Miller PI, Moore H, McKinney A, Lawton L, Campbell K. Current Trends and Challenges for Rapid SMART Diagnostics at Point-of-Site Testing for Marine Toxins. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2499. [PMID: 33916687 PMCID: PMC8038394 DOI: 10.3390/s21072499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the past twenty years marine biotoxin analysis in routine regulatory monitoring has advanced significantly in Europe (EU) and other regions from the use of the mouse bioassay (MBA) towards the high-end analytical techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Previously, acceptance of these advanced methods, in progressing away from the MBA, was hindered by a lack of commercial certified analytical standards for method development and validation. This has now been addressed whereby the availability of a wide range of analytical standards from several companies in the EU, North America and Asia has enhanced the development and validation of methods to the required regulatory standards. However, the cost of the high-end analytical equipment, lengthy procedures and the need for qualified personnel to perform analysis can still be a challenge for routine monitoring laboratories. In developing regions, aquaculture production is increasing and alternative inexpensive Sensitive, Measurable, Accurate and Real-Time (SMART) rapid point-of-site testing (POST) methods suitable for novice end users that can be validated and internationally accepted remain an objective for both regulators and the industry. The range of commercial testing kits on the market for marine toxin analysis remains limited and even more so those meeting the requirements for use in regulatory control. Individual assays include enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and lateral flow membrane-based immunoassays (LFIA) for EU-regulated toxins, such as okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxins (DTXs), saxitoxin (STX) and its analogues and domoic acid (DA) in the form of three separate tests offering varying costs and benefits for the industry. It can be observed from the literature that not only are developments and improvements ongoing for these assays, but there are also novel assays being developed using upcoming state-of-the-art biosensor technology. This review focuses on both currently available methods and recent advances in innovative methods for marine biotoxin testing and the end-user practicalities that need to be observed. Furthermore, it highlights trends that are influencing assay developments such as multiplexing capabilities and rapid POST, indicating potential detection methods that will shape the future market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dillon
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (M.D.); (M.A.Z.-M.)
- Faculty of Health, Peninsula Medical School, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Maja A. Zaczek-Moczydlowska
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (M.D.); (M.A.Z.-M.)
| | - Christine Edwards
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (C.E.); (L.L.)
| | - Andrew D. Turner
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, The Nothe, Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Peter I. Miller
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Remote Sensing Group, Prospect Place, Plymouth PL1 3DH, UK;
| | - Heather Moore
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5PX, UK; (H.M.); (A.M.)
| | - April McKinney
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, 18a Newforge Lane, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5PX, UK; (H.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Linda Lawton
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK; (C.E.); (L.L.)
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (M.D.); (M.A.Z.-M.)
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8
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Multiplex Immunoassay Techniques for On-Site Detection of Security Sensitive Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12110727. [PMID: 33233770 PMCID: PMC7699850 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological toxins are a heterogeneous group of high molecular as well as low molecular weight toxins produced by living organisms. Due to their physical and logistical properties, biological toxins are very attractive to terrorists for use in acts of bioterrorism. Therefore, among the group of biological toxins, several are categorized as security relevant, e.g., botulinum neurotoxins, staphylococcal enterotoxins, abrin, ricin or saxitoxin. Additionally, several security sensitive toxins also play a major role in natural food poisoning outbreaks. For a prompt response to a potential bioterrorist attack using biological toxins, first responders need reliable, easy-to-use and highly sensitive methodologies for on-site detection of the causative agent. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present on-site immunoassay platforms for multiplex detection of biological toxins. Furthermore, we introduce several commercially available detection technologies specialized for mobile or on-site identification of security sensitive toxins.
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A signal-on magnetic electrochemical immunosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of saxitoxin using palladium-doped graphitic carbon nitride-based non-competitive strategy. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 128:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Schulz K, Pöhlmann C, Dietrich R, Märtlbauer E, Elßner T. Electrochemical Biochip Assays Based on Anti-idiotypic Antibodies for Rapid and Automated On-Site Detection of Low Molecular Weight Toxins. Front Chem 2019; 7:31. [PMID: 30775361 PMCID: PMC6367258 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Phycotoxins and mycotoxins, such as paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins, type A trichothecenes, and aflatoxins are among the most toxic low molecular weight toxins associated with human poisoning incidents through the consumption of naturally contaminated food. Therefore, there is an utmost need for rapid and sensitive on-site detection systems. Herein, an electrochemical biochip for fast detection of saxitoxin, T-2 toxin as well as aflatoxin M1 and their corresponding congeners, respectively, using a portable and fully automated detection platform (pBDi, portable BioDetector integrated) was developed. Toxin analysis is facilitated upon the biochip via an indirect competitive immunoassay using toxin-specific antibodies combined with anti-idiotypic antibodies. The developed biochips enable detection in the low ng/mL-range within 17 min. Moreover, the assays cover a wide linear working range of 2–3 orders of magnitude above the limit of detection with an inter-chip coefficient of variation lower than 15%. The broad specificity of the employed antibodies which react with a large number of congeners within the respective toxin group allows efficient screening of contaminated samples for the presence of these low molecular weight toxins. With respect to the analysis of human urine samples, we focused here on the detection of saxitoxin, HT-2 toxin, and aflatoxin M1, all known as biomarkers of acute toxin exposure. Overall, it was proved that the developed biochip assays can be used to rapidly and reliably identify severe intoxications caused by these low molecular weight toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Schulz
- Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Richard Dietrich
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Walper SA, Lasarte Aragonés G, Sapsford KE, Brown CW, Rowland CE, Breger JC, Medintz IL. Detecting Biothreat Agents: From Current Diagnostics to Developing Sensor Technologies. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1894-2024. [PMID: 30080029 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although a fundamental understanding of the pathogenicity of most biothreat agents has been elucidated and available treatments have increased substantially over the past decades, they still represent a significant public health threat in this age of (bio)terrorism, indiscriminate warfare, pollution, climate change, unchecked population growth, and globalization. The key step to almost all prevention, protection, prophylaxis, post-exposure treatment, and mitigation of any bioagent is early detection. Here, we review available methods for detecting bioagents including pathogenic bacteria and viruses along with their toxins. An introduction placing this subject in the historical context of previous naturally occurring outbreaks and efforts to weaponize selected agents is first provided along with definitions and relevant considerations. An overview of the detection technologies that find use in this endeavor along with how they provide data or transduce signal within a sensing configuration follows. Current "gold" standards for biothreat detection/diagnostics along with a listing of relevant FDA approved in vitro diagnostic devices is then discussed to provide an overview of the current state of the art. Given the 2014 outbreak of Ebola virus in Western Africa and the recent 2016 spread of Zika virus in the Americas, discussion of what constitutes a public health emergency and how new in vitro diagnostic devices are authorized for emergency use in the U.S. are also included. The majority of the Review is then subdivided around the sensing of bacterial, viral, and toxin biothreats with each including an overview of the major agents in that class, a detailed cross-section of different sensing methods in development based on assay format or analytical technique, and some discussion of related microfluidic lab-on-a-chip/point-of-care devices. Finally, an outlook is given on how this field will develop from the perspective of the biosensing technology itself and the new emerging threats they may face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Guillermo Lasarte Aragonés
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Kim E. Sapsford
- OMPT/CDRH/OIR/DMD Bacterial Respiratory and Medical Countermeasures Branch, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Carl W. Brown
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Clare E. Rowland
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 20036, United States
| | - Joyce C. Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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12
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Dual-channel-coded microbeads for multiplexed detection of biomolecules using assembling of quantum dots and element coding nanoparticles. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1024:153-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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13
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Huang W, Whittaker K, Zhang H, Wu J, Zhu SW, Huang RP. Integration of Antibody Array Technology into Drug Discovery and Development. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:74-95. [PMID: 29394094 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jian Wu
- The Affiliated Third Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ruo-Pan Huang
- Raybiotech, Inc., Guangzhou, China
- RayBiotech, Inc., Norcross, Georgia
- South China Biochip Research Center, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Abstract
Increasing occurrences of harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the ocean are a major concern for countries around the globe, and with strong links between HABs and climate change and eutrophication, the occurrences are only set to increase. Of particular concern with regard to HABs is the presence of toxin-producing algae. Six major marine biotoxin groups are associated with HABs. Ingestion of such toxins via contaminated shellfish, fish, or other potential vectors, can lead to intoxication syndromes with moderate to severe symptoms, including death in extreme cases. There are also major economic implications associated with the diverse effects of marine biotoxins and HABs. Thus, effective monitoring programmes are required to manage and mitigate their detrimental global effect. However, currently legislated detection methods are labour-intensive, expensive and relatively slow. The growing field of biosensor diagnostic devices is an exciting area that has the potential to produce robust, easy-to-use, cost-effective, rapid and accurate detection methods for marine biotoxins and HABs. This review discusses recently developed biosensor assays that target marine biotoxins and their microbial producers, both in harvested fish/shellfish samples and in the open ocean. The effective deployment of such biosensor platforms could address the pressing need for improved monitoring of HABs and marine biotoxins, and could help to reduce their global economic impact.
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16
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Meyer VK, Meloni D, Olivo F, Märtlbauer E, Dietrich R, Niessner R, Seidel M. Validation Procedure for Multiplex Antibiotic Immunoassays Using Flow-Based Chemiluminescence Microarrays. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1518:195-212. [PMID: 27873208 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6584-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules like antibiotics or other pharmaceuticals can be detected and quantified, among others, with indirect competitive immunoassays. With regard to multiplex quantification, these tests can be performed as chemiluminescence microarray immunoassays, in which, in principle, the analyte in the sample and the same substance immobilized on the chip surface compete for a limited number of specific antibody binding sites. The amount of the specific primary antibody that has been bound to the surface is visualized by means of a chemiluminescence reaction.Validated quantitative confirmatory methods for the detection of contaminants, for example drug residues, in food samples usually comprise chromatographic analysis and spectrometric detection, e.g., HPLC-MS, GC-MS, or GC with electron capture detection. Here, we describe a validation procedure (according to the Commission Decision of the European Communities 2002/657/EC) for multiplex immunoassays performed as flow-through chemiluminescence microarrays, using the example of a small molecule microarray for the simultaneous detection of 13 antibiotics in milk. By this means, we suggest to accept multianalyte immunoassays as confirmatory methods as well, to benefit from the advantages of a fast automated method that does not need any pretreatment of the sample. The presented microarray chip is regenerable, so an internal calibration is implemented. Therefore, the analytical results are highly precise, combined with low costs (the aim for commercialization is less than 1 € per analyte per sample, this is significantly less than HPLC-MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Katharina Meyer
- Institute of Hydrochemistry and Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität of München, Marchioninistraße 17, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Meloni
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Histopathology and Rapid Tests, Via Bologna 148, I-10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Olivo
- Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Histopathology and Rapid Tests, Via Bologna 148, I-10154, Turin, Italy
| | - Erwin Märtlbauer
- Chair for Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schönleutnerstraße 8, D-85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Richard Dietrich
- Chair for Hygiene and Technology of Milk, Veterinary Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schönleutnerstraße 8, D-85764, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Reinhard Niessner
- Institute of Hydrochemistry and Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität of München, Marchioninistraße 17, D-81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Seidel
- Institute of Hydrochemistry and Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität of München, Marchioninistraße 17, D-81377, Munich, Germany.
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He Y, Mo F, Chen D, Xu L, Wu Y, Fu F. Capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry combined with metal tag for ultrasensitively determining trace saxitoxin in seafood. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:469-476. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye He
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Fan Mo
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Danlong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - LiangJun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
| | - Yongning Wu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment; Beijing P. R. China
| | - FengFu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian P. R. China
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Integrating scFv into xMAP Assays for the Detection of Marine Toxins. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 8:toxins8110346. [PMID: 27879646 PMCID: PMC5127142 DOI: 10.3390/toxins8110346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine toxins, such as saxitoxin and domoic acid are associated with algae blooms and can bioaccumulate in shell fish which present both health and economic concerns. The ability to detect the presence of toxin is paramount for the administration of the correct supportive care in case of intoxication; environmental monitoring to detect the presence of toxin is also important for prevention of intoxication. Immunoassays are one tool that has successfully been applied to the detection of marine toxins. Herein, we had the variable regions of two saxitoxin binding monoclonal antibodies sequenced and used the information to produce recombinant constructs that consist of linked heavy and light variable domains that make up the binding domains of the antibodies (scFv). Recombinantly produced binding elements such as scFv provide an alternative to traditional antibodies and serve to "preserve" monoclonal antibodies as they can be easily recreated from their sequence data. In this paper, we combined the anti-saxitoxin scFv developed here with a previously developed anti-domoic acid scFv and demonstrated their utility in a microsphere-based competitive immunoassay format. In addition to detection in buffer, we demonstrated equivalent sensitivity in oyster and scallop matrices. The potential for multiplexed detection using scFvs in this immunoassay format is demonstrated.
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Yu E, Choi SJ. Development of an improved stationary liquid-phase lab-on-a-chip for the field monitoring of paralytic shellfish toxins. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-016-1105-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Biosensor-Based Technologies for the Detection of Pathogens and Toxins. BIOSENSORS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD - NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Li S, Dong M, Li R, Zhang L, Qiao Y, Jiang Y, Qi W, Wang H. A fluorometric microarray with ZnO substrate-enhanced fluorescence and suppressed "coffee-ring" effects for fluorescence immunoassays. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:18453-18458. [PMID: 26505964 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06070b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A glass slide was first patterned with hydrophobic hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDS) and then microspotted with hydrophilic ZnO nanoparticles in an aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) matrix. The resulting HDS-ZnO-APS microarray could present the capability of suppressing the undesirable "coffee-ring" effects through its hydrophobic pattern so as to allow the fabrication of ZnO-APS testing microspots with a highly dense and uniform distribution. The lotus-like "self-cleaning" function could also be expected to effectively curb the cross contamination of multiple sample droplets. More importantly, the introduction of ZnO nanoparticles could endow the testing microspots with substrate-enhanced fluorescence leading to signal-amplification microarray fluorometry. The practical application of the developed HDS-ZnO-APS microarray was investigated by the sandwiched fluorometric immunoassays of human IgG, showing a linear detection range from 0.010 to 10.0 ng mL(-1). Such a throughput-improved fluorometric microarray could be tailored for probing multiple biomarkers in complicated media like serum or blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu City, Shandong Province 273165, P. R. China.
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XIAO Q, LIN JM. Advances and Applications of Chemiluminescence Immunoassay in Clinical Diagnosis and Foods Safety. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(15)60831-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kim MH, Choi SJ. Immunoassay of paralytic shellfish toxins by moving magnetic particles in a stationary liquid-phase lab-on-a-chip. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 66:136-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Meyer VK, Kober C, Niessner R, Seidel M. Regeneration of recombinant antigen microarrays for the automated monitoring of antibodies against zoonotic pathogens in swine sera. SENSORS 2015; 15:2614-28. [PMID: 25625908 PMCID: PMC4367323 DOI: 10.3390/s150202614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability to regenerate immobilized proteins like recombinant antigens (rAgs) on surfaces is an unsolved problem for flow-based immunoassays on microarray analysis systems. The regeneration on microarray chip surfaces is achieved by changing the protein structures and desorption of antibodies. Afterwards, reactivation of immobilized protein antigens is necessary for reconstitution processes. Any backfolding should be managed in a way that antibodies are able to detect the protein antigens in the next measurement cycle. The regeneration of rAg microarrays was examined for the first time on the MCR3 flow-based chemiluminescence (CL) microarray analysis platform. The aim was to reuse rAg microarray chips in order to reduce the screening effort and costs. An antibody capturing format was used to detect antibodies against zoonotic pathogens in sera of slaughtered pigs. Different denaturation and reactivation buffers were tested. Acidic glycine-SDS buffer (pH 2.5) and 8 M guanidinium hydrochloride showed the best results in respect of denaturation efficiencies. The highest CL signals after regeneration were achieved with a carbonate buffer containing 10 mM DTT and 0.1% BSA for reactivation. Antibodies against Yersinia spp. and hepatitis E virus (HEV) were detected in swine sera on one immunochip over 4 days and 25 measurement cycles. Each cycle took 10 min for detection and regeneration. By using the rAg microarray chip, a fast and automated screening of antibodies against pathogens in sera of slaughtered pigs would be possible for zoonosis monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena K Meyer
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry and Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Catharina Kober
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry and Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Niessner
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry and Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Michael Seidel
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry and Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technische Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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25
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Hu W, Liu Y, Chen T, Liu Y, Li CM. Hybrid ZnO nanorod-polymer brush hierarchically nanostructured substrate for sensitive antibody microarrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:181-185. [PMID: 25366876 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A hierarchically nanostructured organic-inorganic hybrid substrate comprising randomly oriented ZnO nanorods on glass slide with coaxially tethered dense polymer brush, POEGMA-co-GMA is reported for highly sensitive antibody microassay, achieving excellent detection specificity, and superior detection limit of as low as 100 fg mL(-1) for biomarkers in human serum within a 1 h assay time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Hu
- Institute for Clean energy & Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energies, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rapid diagnosis of Fatal Diseases, Chongqing, 400715, China
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26
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McNamee SE, Elliott CT, Greer B, Lochhead M, Campbell K. Development of a planar waveguide microarray for the monitoring and early detection of five harmful algal toxins in water and cultures. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:13340-9. [PMID: 25361072 DOI: 10.1021/es504172j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel multiplex microarray has been developed for the detection of five groups of harmful algal and cyanobacterial toxins found in marine, brackish, and freshwater environments including domoic acid (DA), okadaic acid (OA, and analogues), saxitoxin (STX, and analogues), cylindrospermopsin (CYN) and microcystins (MC, and analogues). The sensitivity and specificity were determined and feasibility to be used as a screening tool investigated. Results for algal/cyanobacterial cultures (n = 12) and seawater samples (n = 33) were compared to conventional analytical methods, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Detection limits for the 15 min assay were 0.37, 0.44, 0.05, 0.08, and 0.40 ng/mL for DA, OA, STX, CYN, and MC, respectively. The correlation of data obtained from the microarray compared to conventional analysis for the 12 cultures was r(2) = 0.83. Analysis of seawater samples showed that 82, 82, 70, 82, and 12% of samples were positive (>IC20) compared to 67, 55, 36, 0, and 0% for DA, OA, STX, CYN, and MC, respectively, for conventional analytical methods. The discrepancies in results can be attributed to the enhanced sensitivity and cross-reactivity profiles of the antibodies in the MBio microarray. The feasibility of the microarray as a rapid, easy to use, and highly sensitive screening tool has been illustrated for the five-plex detection of biotoxins. The research demonstrates an early warning screening assay to support national monitoring agencies by providing a faster and more accurate means of identifying and quantifying harmful toxins in water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E McNamee
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University , Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
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27
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Campbell K, McNamee SE, Huet AC, Delahaut P, Vilarino N, Botana LM, Poli M, Elliott CT. Evolving to the optoelectronic mouse for phycotoxin analysis in shellfish. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6867-81. [PMID: 25245418 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite ethical and technical concerns, the in vivo method, or more commonly referred to mouse bioassay (MBA), is employed globally as a reference method for phycotoxin analysis in shellfish. This is particularly the case for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) and emerging toxin monitoring. A high-performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC-FLD) has been developed for PSP toxin analysis, but due to difficulties and limitations in the method, this procedure has not been fully implemented as a replacement. Detection of the diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins has moved towards LC-mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, whereas the analysis of the amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxin domoic acid is performed by HPLC. Although alternative methods of detection to the MBA have been described, each procedure is specific for a particular toxin and its analogues, with each group of toxins requiring separate analysis utilising different extraction procedures and analytical equipment. In addition, consideration towards the detection of unregulated and emerging toxins on the replacement of the MBA must be given. The ideal scenario for the monitoring of phycotoxins in shellfish and seafood would be to evolve to multiple toxin detection on a single bioanalytical sensing platform, i.e. 'an artificial mouse'. Immunologically based techniques and in particular surface plasmon resonance technology have been shown as a highly promising bioanalytical tool offering rapid, real-time detection requiring minimal quantities of toxin standards. A Biacore Q and a prototype multiplex SPR biosensor have been evaluated for their ability to be fit for purpose for the simultaneous detection of key regulated phycotoxin groups and the emerging toxin palytoxin. Deemed more applicable due to the separate flow channels, the prototype performance for domoic acid, okadaic acid, saxitoxin, and palytoxin calibration curves in shellfish achieved detection limits (IC20) of 4,000, 36, 144 and 46 μg/kg of mussel, respectively. A one-step extraction procedure demonstrated recoveries greater than 80% for all toxins. For validation of the method at the 95% confidence limit, the decision limits (CCα) determined from an extracted matrix curve were calculated to be 450, 36 and 24 μg/kg, and the detection capability (CCβ) as a screening method is ≤10 mg/kg, ≤160 μg/kg and ≤400 μg/kg for domoic acid, okadaic acid and saxitoxin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, UK,
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28
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Chemiluminescence microarrays in analytical chemistry: a critical review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5589-612. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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29
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Multiwell cartridge with integrated array of amorphous silicon photosensors for chemiluminescence detection: development, characterization and comparison with cooled-CCD luminograph. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5645-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7971-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Zhang Z, Yu L, Xu L, Hu X, Li P, Zhang Q, Ding X, Feng X. Biotoxin sensing in food and environment via microchip. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:1547-59. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan China
| | - Li Yu
- Oil Crops Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Wuhan China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan); Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan China
| | - Lin Xu
- Oil Crops Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Wuhan China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan China
| | - Xiaofeng Hu
- Oil Crops Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan); Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Wuhan China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoxia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products (Wuhan); Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan China
| | - Xiaojun Feng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics at Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Hubei Bioinformatics and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory; Systems Biology Theme, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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Yáñez-Sedeño P, Agüí L, Villalonga R, Pingarrón JM. Biosensors in forensic analysis. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 823:1-19. [PMID: 24746348 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Forensic analysis is an important branch of modern Analytical Chemistry with many legal and socially relevant implications. Biosensors can play an important role as efficient tools in this field considering their well known advantages of sensitivity, selectivity, easy functioning, affordability and capability of miniaturization and automation. This article reviews the latest advances in the use of biosensors for forensic analysis. The different methodologies for the transduction of the produced biological events are considered and the applications to forensic toxicological analysis, classified by the nature of the target analytes, as well as those related with chemical and biological weapons critically commented. The article provides several Tables where the more relevant analytical characteristics of the selected reported methods are gathered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Yáñez-Sedeño
- University Complutense, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - L Agüí
- University Complutense, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - R Villalonga
- University Complutense, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J M Pingarrón
- University Complutense, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
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32
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Oligonucleotide microarray chip for the quantification of MS2, ΦX174, and adenoviruses on the multiplex analysis platform MCR 3. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:3323-34. [PMID: 24577571 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic viruses are emerging contaminants in water which should be analyzed for water safety to preserve public health. A strategy was developed to quantify RNA and DNA viruses in parallel on chemiluminescence flow-through oligonucleotide microarrays. In order to show the proof of principle, bacteriophage MS2, ΦX174, and the human pathogenic adenovirus type 2 (hAdV2) were analyzed in spiked tap water samples on the analysis platform MCR 3. The chemiluminescence microarray imaging unit was equipped with a Peltier heater for a controlled heating of the flow cell. The efficiency and selectivity of DNA hybridization could be increased resulting in higher signal intensities and lower cross-reactivities of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products from other viruses. The total analysis time for DNA/RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis for RNA viruses, polymerase chain reaction, single-strand separation, and oligonucleotide microarray analysis was performed in 4-4.5 h. The parallel quantification was possible in a concentration range of 9.6 × 10(5)-1.4 × 10(10) genomic units (GU)/mL for bacteriophage MS2, 1.4 × 10(5)-3.7 × 10(8) GU/mL for bacteriophage ΦX174, and 6.5 × 10(3)-1.2 × 10(5) for hAdV2, respectively, by using a measuring temperature of 40 °C. Detection limits could be calculated to 6.6 × 10(5) GU/mL for MS2, 5.3 × 10(3) GU/mL for ΦX174, and 1.5 × 10(2) GU/mL for hAdV2, respectively. Real samples of surface water and treated wastewater were tested. Generally, found concentrations of hAdV2, bacteriophage MS2, and ΦX174 were at the detection limit. Nevertheless, bacteriophages could be identified with similar results by means of quantitative PCR and oligonucleotide microarray analysis on the MCR 3.
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33
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Szkola A, Linares EM, Worbs S, Dorner BG, Dietrich R, Märtlbauer E, Niessner R, Seidel M. Rapid and simultaneous detection of ricin, staphylococcal enterotoxin B and saxitoxin by chemiluminescence-based microarray immunoassay. Analyst 2014; 139:5885-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00345d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous detection of proteotoxins, ricin and SEB, and small toxin, STX, on a chemiluminescence-based microarray using anti-idiotypic antibody for STX.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Szkola
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry & Institute of Hydrochemistry
- TU München
- 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - E. M. Linares
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry & Institute of Hydrochemistry
- TU München
- 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - S. Worbs
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens
- Biological Toxins
- Robert Koch-Institut
- 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. G. Dorner
- Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens
- Biological Toxins
- Robert Koch-Institut
- 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Dietrich
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk
- LMU München
- 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - E. Märtlbauer
- Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk
- LMU München
- 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - R. Niessner
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry & Institute of Hydrochemistry
- TU München
- 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - M. Seidel
- Chair for Analytical Chemistry & Institute of Hydrochemistry
- TU München
- 81377 Munich, Germany
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Immunoassays and biosensors for the detection of cyanobacterial toxins in water. SENSORS 2013; 13:15085-112. [PMID: 24196435 PMCID: PMC3871135 DOI: 10.3390/s131115085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Algal blooms are a frequent phenomenon in nearly all kinds of fresh water. Global warming and eutrophication by waste water, air pollution and fertilizers seem to lead to an increased frequency of occurrence. Many cyanobacteria produce hazardous and quite persistent toxins, which can contaminate the respective water bodies. This may limit the use of the raw water for many purposes. The purification of the contaminated water might be quite costly, which makes a continuous and large scale treatment economically unfeasible in many cases. Due to the obvious risks of algal toxins, an online or mobile detection method would be highly desirable. Several biosensor systems have been presented in the literature for this purpose. In this review, their mode of operation, performance and general suitability for the intended purpose will be described and critically discussed. Finally, an outlook on current developments and future prospects will be given.
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