1
|
Filippidou MK, Chatzandroulis S. Microfluidic Devices for Heavy Metal Ions Detection: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1520. [PMID: 37630055 PMCID: PMC10456312 DOI: 10.3390/mi14081520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of air, water and soil by heavy metal ions is one of the most serious problems plaguing the environment. These metal ions are characterized by a low biodegradability and high chemical stability and can affect humans and animals, causing severe diseases. In addition to the typical analysis methods, i.e., liquid chromatography (LC) or spectrometric methods (i.e., atomic absorption spectroscopy, AAS), there is a need for the development of inexpensive, easy-to-use, sensitive and portable devices for the detection of heavy metal ions at the point of interest. To this direction, microfluidic and lab-on-chip (LOC) devices fabricated with novel materials and scalable microfabrication methods have been proposed as a promising approach to realize such systems. This review focuses on the recent advances of such devices used for the detection of the most important toxic metal ions, namely, lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) ions. Particular emphasis is given to the materials, the fabrication methods and the detection methods proposed for the realization of such devices in order to provide a complete overview of the existing technology advances as well as the limitations and the challenges that should be addressed in order to improve the commercial uptake of microfluidic and LOC devices in environmental monitoring applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stavros Chatzandroulis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fang D, Tang S, Wu Z, Chen C, Wan M, Mao C, Zhou M. Electrochemical sensor based on micromotor technology for detection of Ox-LDL in whole blood. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114682. [PMID: 36115124 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Detecting the concentration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) in whole blood is of great significance for monitoring the development of atherosclerosis. In order to simplify the complex processing steps of blood sample before the detection, an electrochemical sensor based on micromotor technology was designed, which was called magnesium (Mg)-Fe3O4@ prussian blue (PB)@ antibody of Ox-LDL (Ab)@ bovine serum albumin (BSA). The active capture of Ox-LDL in whole blood can be realized by the help of the movement of Mg microsphere with the driving force of H2. Then the captured Ox-LDL was collected on the surface of the magnetic glassy carbon electrode (MGCE) by self-made funnel device, and the content of Ox-LDL was detected by electrochemical workstation in the way of chronoamperometry (i-t). Due to the application of micromotor, the electrochemical sensor proposed in this study had good detection efficiency for Ox-LDL in whole blood with range from 1 × 10-2 μg/mL to 10 μg/mL, and the limit of detection (LOD) towards Ox-LDL was 9.80 × 10-4 μg/mL. The electrochemical sensor based on micromotor technology provides a rapid, effective, and sensitive method for the detection of Ox-LDL in whole blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, China
| | - Shuwan Tang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, China
| | - Ziyu Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chenglong Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, China
| | - Mimi Wan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, China
| | - Chun Mao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu F, Zhao J, Han D, Zhao S, Zhu R, Cui G. A three-electrode integrated electrochemical platform based on nanoporous gold for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol with high selectivity. Analyst 2021; 146:232-243. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an01746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel integrated electrochemical platform was built for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanggen Wu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Dongxue Han
- Center for Advanced Analytical Science
- c/o School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Guangzhou University
- Guangzhou 510006
- P. R. China
| | - Shifan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Cui
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gold Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Ginkgo biloba Leaf Aqueous Extract for the Decolorization of Azo-Dyes and Fluorescent Detection of Cr(VI). J CLUST SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-019-01673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
5
|
Biological and Environmental Applications of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using the Aqueous Extract of Ginkgo biloba Leaf. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-019-01313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
6
|
Tóth J, Bazeľ Y. Development of a New Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Chromium with an Optical Probe. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 73:492-502. [PMID: 30350718 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818812401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work is the development, optimization, and validation of a new spectrophotometric kinetic method for the determination of dissolved chromium species in water samples with the use of the polymethine dye Astra Phloxine FF. The progress of the chemical reaction was simple, effective, and precisely monitored from the start of the reaction using an optical probe. The method is based on the impact of Cr(VI) concentration on the rate of decrease in the Astra Phloxine FF concentration. The experimental data were evaluated using four experimental data analysis methods, namely with the initial rate method, the average rate method, the fixed time method, and the absorption peak volume change method. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the best results were achieved using the method of the average rate constant for evaluating the experimental data. Using this data evaluation method for the determination of Cr(VI), the LoD was found to be 1.87 µg L-1 and RSD ( n = 6; 0.2 mg L-1 Cr) 3.59%. The presented work was used for the determination of chromium in model samples-CRM material and tap and waste water-and with the calibration line method and the standard additions method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ján Tóth
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Yaroslav Bazeľ
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Pavol Jozef Šafárik in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ratiometric ultrasensitive fluorometric detection of ascorbic acid using a dually emitting CdSe@SiO2@CdTe quantum dot hybrid. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
8
|
Li S, Wei T, Ren G, Chai F, Wu H, Qu F. Gold nanoparticles based colorimetric probe for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) detection. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
9
|
Jiang TJ, Yang M, Li SS, Ma MJ, Zhao NJ, Guo Z, Liu JH, Huang XJ. In Situ Underwater Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Analysis for Trace Cr(VI) in Aqueous Solution Supported by Electrosorption Enrichment and a Gas-Assisted Localized Liquid Discharge Apparatus. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5557-5564. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Jia Jiang
- Key Laboratory
of Environmental Optics and Technology, Institute of Intelligent
Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Yang
- Key Laboratory
of Environmental Optics and Technology, Institute of Intelligent
Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Li
- Key Laboratory
of Environmental Optics and Technology, Institute of Intelligent
Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Jun Ma
- Key Laboratory of
Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of
Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan-Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of
Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of
Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Key Laboratory
of Environmental Optics and Technology, Institute of Intelligent
Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Xing-Jiu Huang
- Key Laboratory
of Environmental Optics and Technology, Institute of Intelligent
Machines, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Prabhakaran DC, Riotte J, Sivry Y, Subramanian S. Electroanalytical Detection of Cr(VI) and Cr(III) Ions Using a Novel Microbial Sensor. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divyasree C. Prabhakaran
- Department of Materials Engineering; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
- Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
| | - Jean Riotte
- Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
| | - Yann Sivry
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris &; Université Paris Diderot Paris 7; UMR CNRS 7154, 1, Rue Jussieu 75238 Paris cedex 05 France
| | - Sankaran Subramanian
- Department of Materials Engineering; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
- Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore-560012 Karnataka India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arduini F, Cinti S, Scognamiglio V, Moscone D, Palleschi G. How cutting-edge technologies impact the design of electrochemical (bio)sensors for environmental analysis. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 959:15-42. [PMID: 28159104 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Through the years, scientists have developed cutting-edge technologies to make (bio)sensors more convenient for environmental analytical purposes. Technological advancements in the fields of material science, rational design, microfluidics, and sensor printing, have radically shaped biosensor technology, which is even more evident in the continuous development of sensing systems for the monitoring of hazardous chemicals. These efforts will be crucial in solving some of the problems constraining biosensors to reach real environmental applications, such as continuous analyses in field by means of multi-analyte portable devices. This review (with 203 refs.) covers the progress between 2010 and 2015 in the field of technologies enabling biosensor applications in environmental analysis, including i) printing technology, ii) nanomaterial technology, iii) nanomotors, iv) biomimetic design, and (v) microfluidics. Next section describes futuristic cutting-edge technologies that are gaining momentum in recent years, which furnish highly innovative aspects to biosensing devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Arduini
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Scognamiglio
- Institute of Crystallography (IC-CNR), Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Danila Moscone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palleschi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems "INBB", Viale Medaglie d'Oro, 305, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang JR, Zeng AL, Luo HQ, Li NB. Fluorescent silver nanoclusters for ultrasensitive determination of chromium(VI) in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 304:66-72. [PMID: 26546705 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a simple and sensitive Cr(VI) sensor is proposed based on fluorescent polyethyleneimine-stabilized Ag nanoclusters, which allows the determination over a wide concentration range of 0.1 nM-3.0 μM and with a detection limit as low as 0.04 nΜ and a good selectivity. The quenching mechanism was discussed in terms of the absorption and fluorescence spectra, suggesting that Cr(VI) is connected to Ag nanoclusters by hydrogen bond between the oxygen atom at the vertex of tetrahedron structure of Cr(VI) and the amino nitrogen of polyethyleneimine that surrounded Ag nanoclusters and electron transfer from Ag nanoclusters to highly electron-deficient Cr(VI) results in fluorescence quenching. Despite the failure to quench the fluorescence efficiently, Cr(III) can also be measured using the proposed Ag nanoclusters by being oxidized to Cr(VI) in alkaline solution (pH ∼ 9) containing H2O2. Therefore, our approach could be used to detect Cr(VI), Cr(III) and the total chromium level in aqueous solution. In addition, Cr(VI) analysis in real water samples were satisfactory, indicating this method could be practically promising for chromium measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Ai Lian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Hong Qun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| | - Nian Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jia X, Dong S, Wang E. Engineering the bioelectrochemical interface using functional nanomaterials and microchip technique toward sensitive and portable electrochemical biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 76:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
14
|
Bu L, Peng J, Peng H, Liu S, Xiao H, Liu D, Pan Z, Chen Y, Chen F, He Y. Fluorescent carbon dots for the sensitive detection of Cr(vi) in aqueous media and their application in test papers. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19977a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A fluorescent sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of Cr(vi) was developed and applied to spot test papers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jingdong Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huanjun Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shaopu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Polyaniline/graphene quantum dot-modified screen-printed carbon electrode for the rapid determination of Cr(VI) using stopped-flow analysis coupled with voltammetric technique. Talanta 2015; 150:198-205. [PMID: 26838400 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyaniline/graphene quantum dots (PANI/GQDs) were used to modify a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) in a flow-based system. A method for rapidly determining the Cr(VI) concentrations by using stopped-flow analysis has been developed using an Auto-Pret system coupled with linear-sweep voltammetry using the PANI/GQD-modified SPCE. The GQDs, synthesized in a botton-up manner from citric acid, were mixed with aniline monomer in an optimized ratio. The mixture was injected into an electrochemical flow cell in which electro-polymerization of the aniline monomer occurred. Under conditions optimized for determining Cr(VI), wide linearity was obtained in the range of 0.1-10 mg L(-1), with a detection limit of 0.097 mg L(-1). For a sample volume of 0.5 m L, the modified SPCE can be used continuously with a sample-throughput of more than 90 samples per hour. In addition, this proposed method was successfully applied to mineral water samples with acceptable accuracy, and the quantitative agreement was accomplished in deteriorated Cr-plating solutions with a standard traditional method for Cr(VI) detection.
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Electrochemiluminescence immunosensing strategy based on the use of Au@Ag nanorods as a peroxidase mimic and NH4CoPO4 as a supercapacitive supporter: Application to the determination of carcinoembryonic antigen. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
18
|
Wei J, Guo Z, Chen X, Han DD, Wang XK, Huang XJ. Ultrasensitive and Ultraselective Impedimetric Detection of Cr(VI) Using Crown Ethers as High-Affinity Targeting Receptors. Anal Chem 2015; 87:1991-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504449v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wei
- Nanomaterials
and Environmental Detection Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Nanomaterials
and Environmental Detection Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Chen
- Nanomaterials
and Environmental Detection Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Dong Han
- Nanomaterials
and Environmental Detection Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ke Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Key
Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells, Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Jiu Huang
- Nanomaterials
and Environmental Detection Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bakmand T, Kwasny D, Dimaki M, Svendsen WE. Fabrication and Characterisation of Membrane-Based Gold Electrodes. ELECTROANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|