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Park TJ, Shin HS, Hur J. Prediction of polarity-dependent environmental behaviors of humic substances (HS) using a HS hydrophobicity index based on hydrophilic interaction chromatography. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 843:156993. [PMID: 35772533 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A variety of analytical methods have been applied to describe the properties of aquatic humic substances (HS). However, there are only a few methods available to probe HS hydrophobicity because of the heterogeneous character of HS. In this study, hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) equipped with a UV detector was employed to describe the heterogeneous distribution of HS with respect to its hydrophobicity and to suggest a representative HS hydrophobicity index. To this end, various mobile phases were explored to achieve the optimal separation capability of HILIC. The highest resolution was obtained with a mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and water at a ratio of 70:30 (v:v). A calibration curve was successfully constructed using eight different HS precursor compounds, which allowed for the successful conversion of the retention time (RT) into the octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow) (log Kow = -2.83 × (RT) + 17.44, R2 = 0.950). Several possible HS hydrophobicity indices were derived from the HILIC chromatogram. Among those, the weight-average log KOW value exhibited the strongest negative correlation with the well-known polarity index, (O + N)/C ratios, of seven reference HS samples. This new HILIC-based index (i.e., average log KOW) also presented a good relationship with the HS binding coefficients with pyrene as well as the extent of HS adsorption onto kaolinite at a given solution chemistry (i.e., at a high ionic strength and a neutral pH), both of which are known to be largely governed by the hydrophobic nature of HS. This study demonstrated that the average KOW value based on HILIC is an intuitive and robust HS hydrophobicity index to fully represent the heterogeneous distribution of hydrophobicity within a bulk HS and could be applied to predict many environmental behaviors related to HS hydrophobicity or HS polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jun Park
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Shin
- Department of Environmental Energy Engineering, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, South Korea
| | - Jin Hur
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, South Korea.
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Junaid M, Wang J. Interaction of nanoplastics with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the aquatic environment: A special reference to eco-corona formation and associated impacts. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 201:117319. [PMID: 34130084 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) are plastic particles with sizes ranging between 1 and 1000 nm, exhibiting exceptional qualities such as large surface area, lightweight, durability; therefore, are widely used in cosmetics, paints, electronics, etc. NPs are inevitability released into the aquatic environment where they tend to interact with both, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and other fractions of natural organic matter (NOM), respectively secreted by organisms (e.g., DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates) and degradation byproducts of organic materials (e.g., humic acid and fulvic acid) fluxed into the water bodies. These biomolecules robustly encapsulate NPs to develop an eco-corona layer that alters not only the physicochemical properties but also the fate, bioreactivity, and ecological impacts of NPs. Therefore, this review summarized the documented studies highlighting the eco-corona formation on NPs and associated ecological implications in the aquatic environment. After presenting the precise background information on the occurrence of NPs and EPS in the aquatic environment, we demonstrated the basic difference between eco-corona and bio-corona formation. The reviewed studies showed that the eco-corona formed on NPs have varying sizes and composition, mainly depending on the properties of parent biomolecules, characteristics of NPs, and physicochemical parameters of the aquatic environment. Further, the potential methods for characterization and quantification of eco-corona and its composition have been also highlighted. Moreover, the ecological implications (both toxic and non-toxic) of eco-corona formation on NPs in marine and freshwater environments have been also summarized. Last but not the least, challenges and future research directions are also given, e.g., conducting field studies on eco-corona formation in the aquatic environment, optimizing methods for its characterization and quantification, and considering eco-corona concept in the future toxicity studies on NPs. Finally, understanding eco-corona formation will be critical to unveil the complex NP interactions occurring in natural aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Xu P, Wang Y, Li X, Chen Q, Hao L, Zhang J, Zhu X, Jia B. An acidic-groups detection method and its application to analysis of Chinese humic acid samples. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238061. [PMID: 32846429 PMCID: PMC7449760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The method of non-aqueous conductivity titration (NACT) of organic weak acids was applied to quickly and accurately determine the phenolic-hydroxyl and carboxyl-groups contents in humic acid. By varying the pH of the humic-acid sample, the concentration of the titrant, and the nitrogen-gas flow rate, the optimal titration conditions were determined to be a sample pH of 4, titrant concentration of 0.05 mol/L, and nitrogen-gas flow rate of 80 mL/min. Applying the detection method to p-hydroxybenzoic acid showed that its phenolic-hydroxyl content was 758.82±111.76 cmol/kg and carboxyl content was 744.44±51.11 cmol/kg. The theoretical phenolic-hydroxyl and carboxyl-groups contents of the p-hydroxybenzoic acid were 723.96 cmol/kg respectively, indicating that the method can accurately quantify the carboxyl and phenolic-hydroxyl groups in the sample. The NACT was used to measure the phenolic-hydroxyl and carboxyl-groups contents in humic acid quickly and accurately. In addition, 29 humic acid samples from 8 provinces of China covering the main humic-acid producing areas were collected and analyzed for acidic-groups content using the reported method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Yinfu (Jinan) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Qingshuang Chen
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Shandong Asia-Pacific Haihua Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Lujiang Hao
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (XZ); (BJ)
| | - Xiaoling Zhu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (XZ); (BJ)
| | - Baolei Jia
- School of Bioengineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (XZ); (BJ)
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Fadare OO, Wan B, Liu K, Yang Y, Zhao L, Guo LH. Eco-Corona vs Protein Corona: Effects of Humic Substances on Corona Formation and Nanoplastic Particle Toxicity in Daphnia magna. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8001-8009. [PMID: 32464058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite many studies on the toxicity of nanoplastic particles (NPPs) to aquatic invertebrates, the effects of ecological constituents such as humic substances (HSs) are often neglected. In our study, Daphnia magna was used to evaluate the effects of three HSs, natural organic matter (NOM), fulvic acid (FA), and humic acid (HA), on NPP toxicity and corona formation. Acute toxicities of NPPs were reduced by all HSs at environmentally relevant concentrations. NPPs elicited the upregulation of all genes related to detoxification, oxidative stress, and endocrine activity after 7 days of exposure. The presence of NOM or HA resulted in the mitigation of gene expression, whereas significantly higher upregulation of all of the genes was observed with FA. The presence of FA led to increased protein adsorption on NPPs in D. magna culture medium (eco-corona, EC) and homogenates (protein corona, PC), while there was less adsorption in the presence of HA. The highly abundant proteins identified in EC are involved in immune defense, cell maintenance, and antipredator response, while those in PC are responsible for lipid transport, antioxidant effects, and estrogen mediation. Our findings revealed the key influence of HSs on the toxicity of NPPs and provide an analytical and conceptual foundation for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluniyi O Fadare
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, People's Republic of China
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Taraji M, Haddad PR, Amos RIJ, Talebi M, Szucs R, Dolan JW, Pohl CA. Chemometric-assisted method development in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 1000:20-40. [PMID: 29289311 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
With an enormous growth in the application of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), there has also been significant progress in HILIC method development. HILIC is a chromatographic method that utilises hydro-organic mobile phases with a high organic content, and a hydrophilic stationary phase. It has been applied predominantly in the determination of small polar compounds. Theoretical studies in computer-aided modelling tools, most importantly the predictive, quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) modelling methods, have attracted the attention of researchers and these approaches greatly assist the method development process. This review focuses on the application of computer-aided modelling tools in understanding the retention mechanism, the classification of HILIC stationary phases, prediction of retention times in HILIC systems, optimisation of chromatographic conditions, and description of the interaction effects of the chromatographic factors in HILIC separations. Additionally, what has been achieved in the potential application of QSRR methodology in combination with experimental design philosophy in the optimisation of chromatographic separation conditions in the HILIC method development process is communicated. Developing robust predictive QSRR models will undoubtedly facilitate more application of this chromatographic mode in a broader variety of research areas, significantly minimising cost and time of the experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Taraji
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Paul R Haddad
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia.
| | - Ruth I J Amos
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Mohammad Talebi
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Physical Sciences-Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 75, Hobart 7001, Australia
| | - Roman Szucs
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, CT13 9NJ, Sandwich, UK
| | - John W Dolan
- LC Resources, 1795 NW Wallace Rd., McMinnville, OR 97128, USA
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Robert-Peillard F, Chottier C, Coulomb B, Boudenne JL. Simple and ultrasensitive microplate method for spectrofluorimetric determination of trace resorcinol. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hutta M, Ráczová J, Góra R, Pessl J. Short-column anion-exchange chromatography for soil and peat humic substances profiling by step-wise gradient of high pH aqueous sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1408:72-7. [PMID: 26143606 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel anion-exchange liquid chromatographic method with step gradient of aqueous EDTA(4-) based mobile phase elution has been developed to profile available Slovak soil humic substances and alkaline extracts of various soils. The method utilize short glass column (30mm×3mm) filled in with hydrolytically stable particles (60μm diameter) Separon HEMA-BIO 1000 having (diethylamino)ethyl functional groups. Step gradient was programmed by mixing mobile phase composed of aqueous solution of sodium EDTA (pH 12.0; 5mmolL(-1)) and mobile phase constituted of aqueous solution of sodium EDTA (pH 12.0, 500mmolL(-1)). The FLD of HSs was set to excitation wavelength 480nm and emission wavelength 530nm (λem). Separation mechanism was studied by use of selected aromatic acids related to humic acids with the aid of UV spectrophotometric detection at 280nm. The proposed method benefits from high ionic strength (I=5molL(-1)) of the end mobile phase buffer and provides high recovery of humic acids (98%). Accurate and reproducible profiling of studied humic substances, alkaline extracts of various types of soils enables straightforward characterization and differentiation of HSs in arable and forest soils. Selected model aromatic acids were used for separation mechanism elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Hutta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Janka Ráczová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Róbert Góra
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Pessl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina CH-2, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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