1
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Almeida LS, Garcia RHDS, Ticona J, Cuffini SL, deAzevedo ER, Colnago LA. NMR Longitudinal Rotating Frame Relaxation Time (T 1ρ) with a Weak Spin Locking Field as an Approach to Characterize Solid-State Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: Proof of Concept. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8317-8324. [PMID: 38739544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) longitudinal rotating frame relaxation time (T1ρ), rarely used in low-field NMR, can be more effective than conventional T1 and T2 relaxation times to differentiate polymorphic forms of solid pharmaceuticals. This could be attributed to T1ρ sensibility to structural and molecular dynamics that can be enhanced by changing the strength of the oscillating magnetic field (B1) of spinlock pulses. Here, we compared the capacity of T1, T2, and T1ρ to differentiate inactive (A) and active (C) crystalline forms of the World Health Organization essential drug Mebendazole. The results showed that T1 and T2 values of both forms were statistically identical at 0.47 T. Conversely, T1ρ of both forms measured with weak spinlock B1 fields, ranging from 0.08 to 0.80 mT were statistically different in the same spectrometer. The T1ρ also has the limit of detection to detect the presence of at least 10% of inactive A form in the active C form. Therefore, T1ρ, measured with weak spinlock B1 fields can be an effective, streamlined, and complementary approach for characterizing not only solid active pharmaceutical ingredients but other solid-state materials as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Souza Almeida
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Julian Ticona
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Silvia L Cuffini
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 12231-280 São José dos Campos, Brazil
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2
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Viana JDS, Kubáň P, Botelho BG, Orlando RM. Multiphase electroextraction of malachite green from surface water and its determination using digital imaging and chemometric tools. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38794968 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
This study introduces a novel method for the quantification of malachite green (MG), a pervasive cationic dye, in surface water by synergizing multiphase electroextraction (MPEE) with digital image analysis (DIA) and partial least square discriminant analysis. Aimed at addressing the limitations of conventional DIA methods in terms of quantitation limits and selectivity, this study achieves a significant breakthrough in the preconcentration of MG using magnesium silicate as a novel sorbent. Demonstrating exceptional processing efficiency, the method allows for the analysis of 10 samples within 20 min, exhibiting remarkable sensitivity and specificity (over 0.95 and 0.90, respectively) across 156 samples in both training and test sets. Notably, the method detects MG at low concentrations (0.2 µg L-1) in complex matrices, highlighting its potential for broader application in environmental monitoring. This approach not only underscores the method's cost-effectiveness and simplicity but also its precision, making it a valuable tool for the preliminary testing of MG in surface waters. This study underscores the synergy among MPEE, DIA, and chemometric tools, presenting a cost-efficient and reliable alternative for the sensitive detection of water contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Dos Santos Viana
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bruno Gonçalves Botelho
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Orlando
- Laboratório de Microfluídica e Separações, LaMS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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3
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Baqueta MR, Marini F, Rocha RB, Valderrama P, Pallone JAL. Authentication and discrimination of new Brazilian Canephora coffees with geographical indication using a miniaturized near-infrared spectrometer. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113216. [PMID: 37689959 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
New Brazilian Canephora coffees (Conilon and Robusta) of high added value from specific origins have been protected by geographical indication to guarantee their origin and quality. Recently, benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics has demonstrated its usefulness to discriminate them. It was the first study, however, and therefore the possibility exists to develop a new portable NIR method for this purpose. This work assessed a miniaturized NIR as a cheaper spectrometer to discriminate and authenticate new Brazilian Canephora coffees with certified geographical origins and to differentiate them from specialty Arabica. Discriminant chemometric and class modeling techniques have been applied and have obtained good predictive ability on external test sets. In addition, models with similar classification purpose were compared with those obtained in previous research carried out with benchtop NIR for the same samples, obtaining comparable results. In this context, the portable method was used as a laboratory technique and has the advantage of being cheaper than benchtop NIR spectrometer. Furthermore, it brings a high possibility to be implemented in small coffee cooperatives, industries or control agencies in the future that do not have high economic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Rocha Baqueta
- University of Campinas - UNICAMP, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rodrigo Barros Rocha
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA Rondônia, Porto Velho, Rondônia, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Valderrama
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Campo Mourão, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Azevedo Lima Pallone
- University of Campinas - UNICAMP, School of Food Engineering, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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4
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Rodriguez-Cruz SE. Evaluating the sensitivity, stability, and cross-reactivity of commercial fentanyl immunoassay test strips. J Forensic Sci 2023; 68:1555-1569. [PMID: 37420315 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Illicit fentanyl has flooded the United States' drug market, increasing the risk of overdose and poisonings throughout the general population and accidental exposure among law enforcement officers confiscating the increasing number of seizures. Fentanyl test strips (FTS) are used to obtain presumptive information about the presence of fentanyl in a suspected sample. However, their adoption by law enforcement personnel and seized-drug analysts has been limited because most products are advertised for urine testing, not for assays using water solutions. This study presents an evaluation of four commercial FTS: Rapid Response from BTNX, Inc.; T-Dip Fentanyl (FTY) Urine Dip Cards obtained from Amazon.com; Premier BioDip FYL10 from Premier Biotech Inc.; and MobileDetect Fentanyl strips from DetectaChem, Inc. Performance characteristics curves were used to compare the products' sensitivity, showing that all can reliably detect fentanyl in aqueous solutions at concentrations below 1 μg/mL, with some of the tests able to reliably detect the drug at 200 ng/mL. A stability study demonstrates the performance of all four FTS brands was only slightly affected after 30 days of storage at two extreme environmental conditions. Fentanyl-related substances are also evaluated using the Rapid Response FTS, which showed high cross-reactivity with para-fluorofentanyl and acetylfentanyl, but lower with ortho-chlorofentanyl, carfentanil, and 4-ANPP. Users should be aware that FTS may give false-negative results even when potentially dangerous levels of carfentanil are present. When testing other common drugs, adulterants, and diluents frequently encountered in seized tablets, concentration-dependent results were obtained and multiple instances of false positives were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Rodriguez-Cruz
- Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, Dulles, Virginia, USA
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5
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Gong S, Liu J, Liu Y, Zhu Y, Zeng C, Peng C, Guo Y, Guo L. A mid-infrared spectroscopy-random forest system for the origin tracing of Chinese geographical indication Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 292:122394. [PMID: 36736047 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reliable origin certification methods are essential for the protection of high-value genuine medicinal material with designated origins and geographical indication (GI) products. Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (Fuzi), one well-known traditional Chinese medicine and geographical indication products have remarkable efficacy and wide clinical application, with high demand in domestic and international markets. The efficacy and price of Fuzi from different origins vary, and it is difficult for the general public to accurately identify them through traditional experience. The mass spectrometry detection technology based on the plant metabolomics is tedious and lengthy in test sample preparation, complicated in operation, long in detection time, and low in reproducibility. As a sophisticated, green, fast, and low-loss detection technique, infrared spectroscopy is integrated by machine learning to bring new ways for quality regulation and control of traditional Chinese medicines. An analytical method based on mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with a random forest algorithm was developed to verify the geographical origin of authentic herbs and/or GI products. The method successfully predicted and classified three varieties of Chinese GI Fuzi and four varieties of non-GI Fuzi. In this study, an environment-friendly traceability strategy with fast analysis, low sample loss and high precision was used to provide a new strategy for identifying the origin of Fuzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Juanru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yushi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ya'ning Zhu
- Ya'an Sanjiu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ya'an 625000, China
| | - Chenjuan Zeng
- Sichuan Jianengda Panxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Butuo 616350, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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6
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Alba Posse EJ, González C, Carriquiriborde P, Nadra A, Gasulla J. Optimization and validation of a protein phosphatase inhibition assay for accessible microcystin detection. Talanta 2023; 255:124174. [PMID: 36608426 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The presence of cyanobacterial toxins in freshwater constitutes an increasing public health concern, especially affecting developing countries where the high cost of available methods makes monitoring programs difficult. The phosphatase inhibition assay (PPIA) is a sensitive method with low instrument requirements that allows the quantification of the most frequent cyanotoxins, microcystins (MCs). In this work, we implemented a PPIA, starting from Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) expression up to the validation with samples of algal blooms from Argentina. To do this, we optimized the expression and lyophilization of PP1, and the assay conditions. Also, we included robustness and possible interference analysis. We evaluated the most widely used cyanobacterial lysis methods and determined that heating for 15 min at 95 °C is simple and adequate for this assay. Then, we performed MC spikes recovery assays on water samples from three dams from Argentina, resulting in a recovery ranging from 77 to 115%. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.4 μg/L and the linear range is 0.4 μg/L - 5 μg/L. Finally, we evaluated 65 environmental samples where MCs was measured by ELISA test containing from 0 μg/L to 625 μg/L. The PPIA showed excellent correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.967), no false negative and no false positives above the 1 μg/L WHO guideline (0.11 false positive rate). In conclusion, we optimized and validated a PPIA to be an effective and accessible alternative to available commercial tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Jorge Alba Posse
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina González
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Instituto IEGEBA (CONICET-UBA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de investigaciones, Agua y Saneamientos Argentinos, CABA, Argentina
| | - Pedro Carriquiriborde
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones Del Medio Ambiente (CIM),Universidad Nacional de la Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Nadra
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Gasulla
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biociencias, Biotecnología y Biología Traslacional (iB3), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones Del Medio Ambiente (CIM),Universidad Nacional de la Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
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7
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Unraveling surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy results through chemometrics and machine learning: principles, progress, and trends. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04620-y. [PMID: 36864313 PMCID: PMC9981450 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has gained increasing attention because it provides rich chemical information and high sensitivity, being applicable in many scientific fields including medical diagnosis, forensic analysis, food control, and microbiology. Although SERS is often limited by the lack of selectivity in the analysis of samples with complex matrices, the use of multivariate statistics and mathematical tools has been demonstrated to be an efficient strategy to circumvent this issue. Importantly, since the rapid development of artificial intelligence has been promoting the implementation of a wide variety of advanced multivariate methods in SERS, a discussion about the extent of their synergy and possible standardization becomes necessary. This critical review comprises the principles, advantages, and limitations of coupling SERS with chemometrics and machine learning for both qualitative and quantitative analytical applications. Recent advances and trends in combining SERS with uncommonly used but powerful data analysis tools are also discussed. Finally, a section on benchmarking and tips for selecting the suitable chemometric/machine learning method is included. We believe this will help to move SERS from an alternative detection strategy to a general analytical technique for real-life applications.
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8
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Jin H, Tu L, Wang Y, Zhang K, Lv B, Zhu Z, Zhao D, Li C. Rapid detection of waste cooking oil using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Visconti G, Boccard J, Feinberg M, Rudaz S. From fundamentals in calibration to modern methodologies: A tutorial for small molecules quantification in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry bioanalysis. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1240:340711. [PMID: 36641149 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, liquid chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry (LC‒MS) has become the gold standard to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of small molecules. When quantitative analysis is developed, an analyst usually refers to international guidelines for analytical method validation. In this context, the design of calibration curves plays a key role in providing accurate results. During recent years and along with instrumental advances, strategies to build calibration curves have dramatically evolved, introducing innovative approaches to improve quantitative precision and throughput. For example, when a labeled standard is available to be spiked directly into the study sample, the concentration of the unlabeled analog can be easily determined using the isotopic pattern deconvolution or the internal calibration approach, eliminating the need for multipoint calibration curves. This tutorial aims to synthetize the advances in LC‒MS quantitative analysis for small molecules in complex matrices, going from fundamental aspects in calibration to modern methodologies and applications. Different work schemes for calibration depending on the sample characteristics (analyte and matrix nature) are distinguished and discussed. Finally, this tutorial outlines the importance of having international guidelines for analytical method validation that agree with the advances in calibration strategies and analytical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Visconti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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10
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Rovira G, Miaw CSW, Martins MLC, Sena MM, de Souza SVC, Callao MP, Ruisánchez I. One-class model with two decision thresholds for the rapid detection of cashew nuts adulteration by other nuts. Talanta 2023; 253:123916. [PMID: 36126522 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A green screening method to determine cashew nut adulteration with Brazilian nut, pecan nut, macadamia nut and peanut was proposed. The method was based on the development of a one-class soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) model for non-adulterated cashew nuts using near-infrared (NIR) spectra obtained with portable equipment. Once the model is established, the assignment of unknown samples depends on the threshold established for the authentic class, which is a key aspect in any screening approach. The authors propose innovatively to define two thresholds: lower model distance limit and upper model distance limit. Samples with distances below the lower threshold are assigned as non-adulterated with a 100% probability; samples with distance values greater than the upper threshold are assigned as adulterated with a 100% probability; and samples with distances within these two thresholds will be considered uncertain and should be submitted to a confirmatory analysis. Thus, the possibility of error in the sample assignment significantly decreases. In the present study, when just one threshold was defined, values greater than 95% for the optimized threshold were obtained for both selectivity and specificity. When two class thresholds were defined, the percentage of samples with uncertain assignment changes according to the adulterant considered, highlighting the case of peanuts, in which 0% of uncertain samples was obtained. Considering all adulterants, the number of samples that were submitted to a confirmatory analysis was quite low, 5 of 224 adulterated samples and 3 of 56 non-adulterated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glòria Rovira
- Chemometrics, Qualimetric and Nanosensors Group, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Rovira I Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carolina Sheng Whei Miaw
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy (FAFAR), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus da UFMG, Pampulha, 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário Lúcio Campos Martins
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy (FAFAR), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus da UFMG, Pampulha, 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Martins Sena
- Chemistry Department, Institute of Exact Sciences (ICEX), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus da UFMG, Pampulha, 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica (INCT-Bio), Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Scheilla Vitorino Carvalho de Souza
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy (FAFAR), Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus da UFMG, Pampulha, 31270-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M Pilar Callao
- Chemometrics, Qualimetric and Nanosensors Group, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Rovira I Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Itziar Ruisánchez
- Chemometrics, Qualimetric and Nanosensors Group, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Rovira I Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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11
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Ordoudi SA, Özdikicierler O, Tsimidou MZ. Detection of ternary mixtures of virgin olive oil with canola, hazelnut or safflower oils via non-targeted ATR-FTIR fingerprinting and chemometrics. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Determination of grated hard cheese adulteration by digital image analysis and multivariate analysis. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Fulgêncio A, Resende GAP, Teixeira MCF, Botelho BG, Sena MM. Screening method for the rapid detection of diethylene glycol in beer based on chemometrics and portable near-infrared spectroscopy. Food Chem 2022; 391:133258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Rapid Discrimination of the Country Origin of Soybeans Based on FT-NIR Spectroscopy and Data Expansion. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Ruisánchez I, Rovira G, Callao MP. Multivariate qualitative methodology for semi-quantitative information. A case study: Adulteration of olive oil with sunflower oil. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1206:339785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Application of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis for discriminating the geographical origin of soybeans. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Silveira AL, Barbeira PJS. Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and multivariate classification for the discrimination of cachaças and rums. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 270:120821. [PMID: 35007903 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although cachaça and rum are distilled beverages obtained from the same raw material, they present differences in their chemical compositions. In this study, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy was used combined with supervised classification models based on the partial least squares discriminant analysis to develop a rapid and low-cost model for discriminating between 50 cachaça and 40 rum samples. Partial least squares discriminant analysis models were constructed using synchronous fluorescence spectra recorded at wavelength differences of 10-100 nm. Initially, spectra were preprocessed by the first derivative with the Savitzky-Golay smoothing, and filter width and polynomial order were selected through face-centered central composite designs. For the construction and validation models, the spectra data were split into two datasets: the training and the test sets containing 60 (C, n = 33; R, n = 27) and 30 (C, n = 17; R, n = 13) samples, respectively. The best discrimination was achieved using fluorescence spectra recorded at wavelength difference 10 nm, allowing the discrimination of cachaça and rum with a classification efficiency of 98%. These results indicate that synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy offers a promising approach for the authentication of cachaças and rums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Lemes Silveira
- ICEx, Departamento de Química - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - MG CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Paulo Jorge Sanches Barbeira
- ICEx, Departamento de Química - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte - MG CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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Baddini ALDQ, Santos JLVDP, Tavares RR, Paula LSD, Filho HDCA, Freitas RP. PLS-DA and data fusion of visible Reflectance, XRF and FTIR spectroscopy in the classification of mixed historical pigments. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120384. [PMID: 34536895 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work samples of historical pigments of green hue were brushed on a canvas and studied by Visible Reflectance, X-Ray Fluorescence and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. One hundred samples were investigated, all with green hue, these prepared from pigments themselves green, such as chromium oxide (Cr2O3) or from a mixture of pigments that result in green, for example, chrome yellow (PbCrO4) and Prussian blue (Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3). Because every sample investigated through the spectroscopic techniques were of green hue, the characterization of the pigments present in the mixtures through the visual inspection of spectra has become a complex task in some cases, also, due the large number of recorded spectra. In this work, classification models were developed using the multivariate statistical method Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to automate the characterization of the pigments present in the mixtures. The models were developed to classify chromium oxide (Cr2O3), chrome yellow (PbCrO4), cerulean blue (CoO.nSnO2) and yellow ochre (Fe2O3·H2O + clay + silica). The models were developed from the fusion of data from the three spectroscopic techniques. However, before data fusion, pre-treatments of the spectral data were tested for their influence on the PLS-DA models. The models developed with data from the three techniques made it possible to classify the pigments of interest in the samples with up to 100% effectiveness. The results also indicate that fusion of the data from the three techniques allows to obtain fingerprints of the pigments of interest, which is not always possible using data from only one or two of the techniques applied in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa de Queiroz Baddini
- Laboratório de Análise Instrumental Reinaldo Carvalho Silva. IFRJ-CRJ, 20270-021, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Raquel Reiner Tavares
- Laboratório de Análise Instrumental Reinaldo Carvalho Silva. IFRJ-CRJ, 20270-021, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leticia Silva de Paula
- Laboratório de Análise Instrumental Reinaldo Carvalho Silva. IFRJ-CRJ, 20270-021, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hiram da Costa Araújo Filho
- Laboratório de Análise Instrumental Reinaldo Carvalho Silva. IFRJ-CRJ, 20270-021, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato P Freitas
- Laboratório de Instrumentação e Simulação Computacional. LISCOMP/IFRJ-CPAR, 26600-000, Paracambi, Brazil.
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19
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20
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Chemometric strategies for authenticating extra virgin olive oils from two geographically adjacent Catalan protected designations of origin. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Ataş HB, Cenk M, Bozkurt ENN. A proper and systematic qualitative method validation procedure and its application to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of Chemical Weapons Convention related chemicals. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 327:110974. [PMID: 34482284 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Performing a detailed qualitative validation, which is carried out by many laboratories in the forensic community, has been the main goal of this study. In this study, a proper and systematic qualitative method validation procedure was proposed, and its application was shown on the analysis of Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) related compounds in organic samples. All validation steps were described in detail. The study was carried out in pump oil and dichloromethane (DCM). The limit of detection values were determined for each compound and were found in the range of 0.5-2.0 µg mL-1 in pump oil and 0.08-1.5 µg mL-1 in DCM. The validation parameters were calculated, such as the rates of sensitivity, selectivity, false-negative, false-positive, also accordance and concordance. The predicted and obtained results were compared by using Cohen's Kappa Coefficient Test, and the compatibility of the results was found as "very good". After the validation procedure, all of the validation results were evaluated, and the proposed method was confirmed as appropriate for the analysis of CWC-related compounds in organic samples. The applicability of the validated method was proved by determining the CWC-related compounds in organic samples provided by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons during proficiency tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Bekiroğlu Ataş
- General Directorate of Public Health /Department of Consumer Safety and Public Health Laboratories, National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Muharrem Cenk
- General Directorate of Public Health /Department of Consumer Safety and Public Health Laboratories, National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Edibe Nurzen Namlı Bozkurt
- General Directorate of Public Health /Department of Consumer Safety and Public Health Laboratories, National Public Health Reference Laboratory, Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Mohammadian A, Barzegar M, Mani‐Varnosfaderani A. Detection of fraud in lime juice using pattern recognition techniques and FT-IR spectroscopy. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:3026-3038. [PMID: 34136168 PMCID: PMC8194754 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The lime juice is one of the products that has always fallen victim to fraud by manufacturers for reducing the cost of products. The aim of this research was to determine fraud in distributed lime juice products from different factories in Iran. In this study, 101 samples were collected from markets and also prepared manually and finally derived into 5 classes as follows: two natural classes (Citrus limetta, Citrus aurantifolia), including 17 samples, and three reconstructed classes, including 84 samples (made from Spanish concentrate, Chinese concentrate, and concentrate containing adulteration compounds). The lime juice samples were freeze-dried and analyzed using FT-IR spectroscopy. At first, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied for clustering, but the samples were not thoroughly clustered with respect to their original groups in score plots. To enhance the classification rates, different chemometric algorithms including variable importance in projection (VIP), partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and counter propagation artificial neural networks (CPANN) were used. The best discriminatory wavenumbers related to each class were selected using the VIP-PLS-DA algorithm. Then, the CPANN algorithm was used as a nonlinear mapping tool for classification of the samples based on their original groups. The lime juice samples were correctly designated to their original groups in CPANN maps and the overall accuracy of the model reached up to 0.96 and 0.87 for the training and validation procedures. This level of accuracy indicated the FT-IR spectroscopy coupled with VIP-PLS-DA and CPANN methods can be used successfully for detection of authenticity of lime juice samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohsen Barzegar
- Department of Food Science and TechnologyTarbiat Modares UniversityTehranIran
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23
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Corps Ricardo AI, Rodríguez Fariñas N, Guzmán Bernardo FJ, Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios RC, Ríos Á. Screening-confirmation strategy for nanomaterials involving spectroscopic analytical techniques and its application to the control of silver nanoparticles in pastry samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 246:119015. [PMID: 33049466 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The full characterization of nanomaterials (NMs), which requires a range of different and expensive equipment, is not always necessary to meet certain demands of information. Qualitative analytical methods are ideal alternatives when only a piece of information is required. In this work, a qualitative method for the screening of NMs has been developed and statistically validated for the first time, with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a proof of concept. It is based on the generation of chemiluminescence of the luminol/Ag+ system in alkaline media in the presence of AgNPs. Measurements are obtained in a short time with a simple instrument. Probability of detection (POD) curves were constructed at three cut-off values next to the limit of detection of the chemiluminescent method. The unreliability region (UR) was from 0.50 to 1.82 μg L-1. Currently, no regulation on AgNPs exists, but the present method was successfully tested for a hypothetical threshold of 2.5 μg L-1 of 40 nm AgNPs. The method was applied to silver colored pearls, with silver (E-174) or aluminum (E-173) coating, used for decoration of pastry. Performance parameters such as false negative and positive rates as well as specificity, sensitivity and reliability rates were calculated for validation. The results of the screening method were confirmed by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (AF4-ICP-MS). The proposed screening method is simple, fast, economic, and easy to transfer to routine laboratories in the field of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Corps Ricardo
- Environmental Sciences Institute (ICAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez Fariñas
- Environmental Sciences Institute (ICAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisco J Guzmán Bernardo
- Environmental Sciences Institute (ICAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Rosa C Rodríguez Martín-Doimeadios
- Environmental Sciences Institute (ICAM), Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Ángel Ríos
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.
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24
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dos Santos VJ, Baqueta MR, Março PH, Valderrama P, Visentainer JV. Human Milk Lactation Phases Evaluation Through Handheld Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Classification. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Multivariate classification for the direct determination of cup profile in coffee blends via handheld near-infrared spectroscopy. Talanta 2021; 222:121526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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De Girolamo A, Arroyo MC, Lippolis V, Cervellieri S, Cortese M, Pascale M, Logrieco AF, von Holst C. A simple design for the validation of a FT-NIR screening method: Application to the detection of durum wheat pasta adulteration. Food Chem 2020; 333:127449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Gatti RF, de Santana FB, Poppi RJ, Ferreira DS. Portable NIR spectrometer for quick identification of fat bloom in chocolates. Food Chem 2020; 342:128267. [PMID: 33067047 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cocoa butter provides desirable sensory properties to chocolates; however, the exposure of chocolate to temperature variations during transportation and/or storage can lead to changes in the polymorphic form of butter, with the appearance of a dull-white film on the chocolate surface, known as fat bloom. This study investigated the use of a portable NIR spectrometer combined with chemometric tools to discriminate milk chocolate, white chocolate, 40% cocoa chocolate, and 70% cocoa chocolate samples, which were subjected to temperature abuse for 6 hours. The PCA allowed separating the samples into three classes: control at 20 °C, chocolate subjected to 35 °C, and chocolate subjected to 40 °C, for each type of chocolate studied. The PLS-DA models provided sensibility, specificity, and accuracy values in the range of 80 to 100%, and allowed identifying the wavelengths associated with the different chocolates that most impacted the construction of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela F Gatti
- Department of Food Technology - School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe B de Santana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry - Institute of Chemistry, Josué de Castro Street, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronei J Poppi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry - Institute of Chemistry, Josué de Castro Street, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Ferreira
- Department of Food Technology - School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Monteiro Lobato Street, 80, CEP 13083-862 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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28
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de Freitas CF, Vanzin D, Braga TL, Pellosi DS, Batistela VR, Caetano W, Hioka N. Multivariate analysis of protolytic and tautomeric equilibria of Erythrosine B and its ester derivatives in ionic and non-ionic micelles. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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29
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Ruisánchez I, Jiménez-Carvelo AM, Callao MP. ROC curves for the optimization of one-class model parameters. A case study: Authenticating extra virgin olive oil from a Catalan protected designation of origin. Talanta 2020; 222:121564. [PMID: 33167260 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a ROC curve-based methodology to find optimal classification model parameters. ROC curves are implemented to set the optimal number of PCs to build a one-class SIMCA model and to set the threshold class value that optimizes both the sensitivity and specificity of the model. The authentication of the geographical origin of extra-virgin olive oils of Arbequina botanical variety is presented. The model was developed for samples from Les Garrigues, target class, Samples from Siurana were used as the non-target class. Samples were measured by FT-Raman with no pretreatment. PCA was used as exploratory technique. Spectra underwent pre-treatment and variables were selected based on their VIP score values. ROC curve and others already known criteria were applied to set the threshold class value. The results were better when the ROC curve was used, obtaining performance values higher than 82%, 75% and 77% for sensitivity, specificity and efficiency, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itziar Ruisánchez
- Chemometrics, Qualimetric and Nanosensors Grup, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Rovira I Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo S/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ana M Jiménez-Carvelo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva, S.n., E-18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M Pilar Callao
- Chemometrics, Qualimetric and Nanosensors Grup, Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, Rovira I Virgili University, Marcel·lí Domingo S/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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30
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Camirand Lemyre F, Desharnais B, Laquerre J, Morel M, Côté C, Mireault P, Skinner CD. Qualitative threshold method validation and uncertainty evaluation: A theoretical framework and application to a 40 analytes liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. Drug Test Anal 2020; 12:1287-1297. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Camirand Lemyre
- Department of Mathematics Université de Sherbrooke 2500 Université Boulevard Sherbrooke Québec J1K 2R1 Canada
- School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
- Centre de recherche Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke 12th Avenue North Sherbrooke Québec J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Brigitte Desharnais
- Department of Toxicology Laboratoire de sciences judiciaires et de médecine légale 1701 Parthenais Street Montréal Québec H2K 3S7 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montréal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Julie Laquerre
- Department of Toxicology Laboratoire de sciences judiciaires et de médecine légale 1701 Parthenais Street Montréal Québec H2K 3S7 Canada
| | - Marc‐André Morel
- Department of Criminalistics Laboratoire de sciences judiciaires et de médecine légale 1701 Parthenais Street Montréal Québec H2K 3S7 Canada
| | - Cynthia Côté
- Department of Toxicology Laboratoire de sciences judiciaires et de médecine légale 1701 Parthenais Street Montréal Québec H2K 3S7 Canada
| | - Pascal Mireault
- Department of Toxicology Laboratoire de sciences judiciaires et de médecine légale 1701 Parthenais Street Montréal Québec H2K 3S7 Canada
| | - Cameron D. Skinner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Street West Montréal Québec H4B 1R6 Canada
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31
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Rapid detection of the authenticity and adulteration of sesame oil using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence and chemometric methods. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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32
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Milani MI, Rossini EL, Catelani TA, Pezza L, Toci AT, Pezza HR. Authentication of roasted and ground coffee samples containing multiple adulterants using NMR and a chemometric approach. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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33
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Visconti LG, Rodríguez MS, Di Anibal CV. Determination of grated hard cheeses adulteration by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and multivariate analysis. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Jiménez-Carvelo AM, Cuadros-Rodríguez L. The occurrence: A meaningful parameter to be considered in the validation of multivariate classification-based screening methods - Application for authenticating virgin olive oil. Talanta 2020; 208:120467. [PMID: 31816736 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of multivariate screening analytical methods in the analytical chemistry field focused particularly on food authentication is growing in recent years, which is evidenced by the increase of scientific publications. Currently there are several guides and technical reports about how -univariate qualitative methods should be properly validated to produce reliable and accurate (fitted-for-purpose) results. Nevertheless, this is not the case when multivariate methods are considered. Aimed at redressing this untenable disadvantage, this paper proposes some guidelines for the validation of multivariate classification-based screening methods. As an application example, the detection of adulteration of virgin olive oil with any other edible vegetal oils is showed. The analytical techniques employed are liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector (LC-DAD) and gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detector (GC-FID). For the correct validation of the multivariate screening method a new parameter which never considered before, named occurrence, is accounted. Also, it has been developed two new applicability indicators of the multivariate screening methods: the assignation error index (IERROR) and the index saving (ISAVING) to establish the validation requirements. Then the validation parameters of the methods: precision (or target predictive value), sensitivity, non-target predictive value, specificity and accuracy were estimated. The main conclusion of the work has been the need to take accounts the occurrence value to establish the specific validation requirements to apply the multivariate screening method in a particular scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Jiménez-Carvelo
- Chemical Metrology and Qualimetrics (CMQ), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Luis Cuadros-Rodríguez
- Chemical Metrology and Qualimetrics (CMQ), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/ Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071, Granada, Spain
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35
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Risoluti R, Caprari P, Gullifa G, Sorrentino F, Maffei L, Massimi S, Carcassi E, Materazzi S. Differential diagnosis of hereditary hemolytic anemias in a single multiscreening test by TGA/chemometrics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7557-7560. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02948c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A multi-screening test based on the coupling of thermogravimetry and chemometrics was optimized for the differential diagnosis of hereditary hemolytic anemias.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrizia Caprari
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità
- Italy
| | | | | | | | - Sara Massimi
- National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità
- Italy
| | - Elena Carcassi
- Department of Chemistry – “Sapienza” University of Rome
- Italy
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36
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Cuadros-Rodríguez L, Valverde-Som L, Jiménez-Carvelo AM, Delgado-Aguilar M. Validation requirements of screening analytical methods based on scenario-specified applicability indicators. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Authentication of the geographical origin of extra-virgin olive oil of the Arbequina cultivar by chromatographic fingerprinting and chemometrics. Talanta 2019; 203:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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A worldwide reliable indicator to differentiate wild vs. farmed Penaeid shrimps based on 207 fatty acid profiles. Food Chem 2019; 292:247-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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39
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Martín-Torres S, Jiménez-Carvelo AM, González-Casado A, Cuadros-Rodríguez L. Differentiation of avocados according to their botanical variety using liquid chromatographic fingerprinting and multivariate classification tree. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:4932-4941. [PMID: 30953356 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oil content, composition and marketing threshold value of an avocado depends on the cultivar hence, identifying the cultivar of the avocado fruit is desirable. However, analytical methods have not been reported with this aim. RESULTS A multivariate classification tree method was proposed to discriminate three commercial botanical varieties of avocado: Hass, Fuerte and Bacon, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD). Prior to the chromatographic analysis the avocados were lyophilized and then the oil fraction was extracted using a pressurized liquid extraction system. Normal and reverse phase liquid chromatography were applied in order to obtain the chromatographic fingerprint for each sample. Soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were applied. Classification quality metrics were determined to evaluate the performance of the classification. Several strategies to develop the classification models were employed. Finally, the useful application of 'classification trees' methodology, which has been scarcely applied in the field of analytical food control, was evaluated to perform a multiclass classification. CONCLUSION Discrimination of the three botanical varieties was achieved. The best classification was obtained when the PLS-DA is applied on the normal-phase chromatographic fingerprints. Classification trees are showed to be useful tools that provide complementary information to single concatenated models showing different results from the same prediction sample set. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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40
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1H NMR spectroscopy combined with multivariate data analysis for differentiation of Brazilian lager beer according to brewery. Eur Food Res Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-019-03354-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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41
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Kellogg JJ, Paine MF, McCune JS, Oberlies NH, Cech NB. Selection and characterization of botanical natural products for research studies: a NaPDI center recommended approach. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1196-1221. [PMID: 30681109 PMCID: PMC6658353 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2018 Dietary supplements, which include botanical (plant-based) natural products, constitute a multi-billion-dollar industry in the US. Regulation and quality control for this industry is an ongoing challenge. While there is general agreement that rigorous scientific studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of botanical natural products used by consumers, researchers conducting such studies face a unique set of challenges. Botanical natural products are inherently complex mixtures, with composition that differs depending on myriad factors including variability in genetics, cultivation conditions, and processing methods. Unfortunately, many studies of botanical natural products are carried out with poorly characterized study material, such that the results are irreproducible and difficult to interpret. This review provides recommended approaches for addressing the critical questions that researchers must address prior to in vitro or in vivo (including clinical) evaluation of botanical natural products. We describe selection and authentication of botanical material and identification of key biologically active compounds, and compare state-of-the-art methodologies such as untargeted metabolomics with more traditional targeted methods of characterization. The topics are chosen to be of maximal relevance to researchers, and are reviewed critically with commentary as to which approaches are most practical and useful and what common pitfalls should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Kellogg
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Mary F. Paine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Jeannine S. McCune
- Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Oberlies
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Nadja B. Cech
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
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Comparison of Different Multivariate Classification Methods for the Detection of Adulterations in Grape Nectars by Using Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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43
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Bovens M, Ahrens B, Alberink I, Nordgaard A, Salonen T, Huhtala S. Chemometrics in forensic chemistry - Part I: Implications to the forensic workflow. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 301:82-90. [PMID: 31132550 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The forensic literature shows a clear trend towards increasing use of chemometrics (i.e. multivariate analysis and other statistical methods). This can be seen in different disciplines such as drug profiling, arson debris analysis, spectral imaging, glass analysis, age determination, and more. In particular, current chemometric applications cover low-dimensional (e.g. drug impurity profiles) and high-dimensional data (e.g. Infrared and Raman spectra) and are therefore useful in many forensic disciplines. There is a dominant and increasing need in forensic chemistry for reliable and structured processing and interpretation of analytical data. This is especially true when classification (grouping) or profiling (batch comparison) is of interest. Chemometrics can provide additional information in complex crime cases and enhance productivity by improving the processes of data handling and interpretation in various applications. However, the use of chemometrics in everyday work tasks is often considered demanding by forensic scientists and, consequently, they are only reluctantly used. This article and following planned contributions are dedicated to those forensic chemists, interested in applying chemometrics but for any reasons are limited in the proper application of statistical tools - usually made for professionals - or the direct support of statisticians. Without claiming to be comprehensive, the literature reviewed revealed a sufficient overview towards the preferably used data handling and chemometric methods used to answer the forensic question. With this basis, a software tool will be designed (part of the EU project STEFA-G02) and handed out to forensic chemist with all necessary elements of data handling and evaluation. Because practical casework is less and less accompanied from the beginning to the end out of the same hand, more and more interfaces are built in through specialization of individuals. This article presents key influencing elements in the forensic workflow related to the most meaningful chemometric application and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bovens
- Zurich Forensic Science Institute, P.O. Box, 8021 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - B Ahrens
- Federal Criminal Police Office, KT45, 65173 Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - I Alberink
- Netherlands Forensic Institute, Laan van Ypenburg 6, 2497 GB, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - A Nordgaard
- National Forensic Centre, Swedish Police Authority, 58194 Linköping, Sweden
| | - T Salonen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - S Huhtala
- National Bureau of Investigation, Jokiniemenkuja 4, 01370 Vantaa, Finland
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44
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Périat A, Bieri S, Mottier N. SWATH-MS screening strategy for the determination of food dyes in spices by UHPLC-HRMS. FOOD CHEMISTRY-X 2019; 1:100009. [PMID: 31432009 PMCID: PMC6694849 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2019.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A multi-class wide-scope screening method for the detection and identification of artificial colours and illegal dyes in spices was developed for regulatory purposes. The screening was carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with a quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) with sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment-ion spectra (SWATH) and was validated with forty-one compounds by spiking experiments in curry and paprika extracts. In order to detect and identify the compounds with a high level of confidence, a home-made tandem mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS/MS) database of approximately one hundred illegal dyes and artificial colours was created. The procedure was then used to screen field samples of spices and spice blends purchased from Swiss markets. Sudan IV, Sudan I, bixin (E160b) and Ponceau 4R (E124) were all detected among the eight non-compliant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Périat
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton de Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Bieri
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton de Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Mottier
- Official Food Control Authority of the Canton de Vaud, Switzerland
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45
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Noor P, Khanmohammadi M, Yaripour F, Bagheri Garmarudi A. Mesoporosity based classification of ZSM-5 nano catalysts using DRIFT spectroscopy and chemometrics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 210:76-81. [PMID: 30447628 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
DRIFT spectra were used for classification of ZSM-5 catalysts according to their mesopore volumes. The spectra were pretreated by Savitzky-Golay smoothing and standard normal variate (SNV) algorithms prior to outlier detection by Hotelling T2 statistic technique. Supervised classification was applied to the spectra using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCA) algorithms. The samples were classified into three classes related to their mesopore volumes by the proposed method and the results were in accordance with N2 physisorption textural analysis using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model. The confusion matrix and classification efficiency parameters including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and precision were calculated. Classification accuracy of 96% and error rate of 2% was obtained using PLS-DA algorithm while SIMCA algorithm by providing 100% classification accuracy and zero error rate proved better performance in classification of ZSM-5 catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Noor
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Fereydoon Yaripour
- Catalyst Research Group, Petrochemical Research and Technology Company, National Petrochemical Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Bagheri Garmarudi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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46
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Qualitative and quantitative multivariate strategies for determining paprika adulteration with SUDAN I and II dyes. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Non-destructive Raman spectroscopy as a tool for measuring ASTA color values and Sudan I content in paprika powder. Food Chem 2019; 274:187-193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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48
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Discrimination between conventional and omega-3 fatty acids enriched eggs by FT-Raman spectroscopy and chemometric tools. Food Chem 2019; 273:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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49
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Vera DN, Ruisánchez I, Callao MP. Establishing time stability for multivariate qualitative methods. Case study: Sudan I and IV adulteration in food spices. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.04.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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50
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Wine authentication: a fingerprinting multiclass strategy to classify red varietals through profound chemometric analysis of volatiles. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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