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Randviir EP, Banks CE. A review of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for bioanalytical sensors. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:4602-4624. [PMID: 36342043 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00970f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a powerful technique for both quantitative and qualitative analysis. This review uses a systematic approach to examine how electrodes are tailored for use in EIS-based applications, describing the chemistries involved in sensor design, and discusses trends in the use of bio-based and non-bio-based electrodes. The review finds that immunosensors are the most prevalent sensor strategy that employs EIS as a quantification technique for target species. The review also finds that bio-based electrodes, though capable of detecting small molecules, are most applicable for the detection of complex molecules. Non-bio-based sensors are more often employed for simpler molecules and less often have applications for complex systems. We surmise that EIS has advanced in terms of electrode designs since our last review on the subject, although there are still inconsistencies in terms of equivalent circuit modelling for some sensor types. Removal of ambiguity from equivalent circuit models may help advance EIS as a choice detection method, allowing for lower limits of detection than traditional electrochemical methods such as voltammetry or amperometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Randviir
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, UK.
| | - Craig E Banks
- Department of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, Lancs, UK.
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2
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Feng J, Chu C, Dang K, Yao T, Ma Z, Han H. Responsive-released strategy based on lead ions-dependent DNAzyme functionalized UIO-66-NH 2 for tumor marker. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1187:339170. [PMID: 34753583 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Signal labeling on electrode interface is an important step during the construction of immunosensor and most signal substances are directly affixed on the immunoprobe or substrate so that some problems such as flimsy labeling method and interference of insulating proteins on electrode surface have been existed to affect their readout. In order to solve above problems in electrochemical immunoassay, a lead ions-decodable autocephalous signal integrator based on UIO-66-NH2 was proposed for the detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA). Briefly, a lead ions-dependent DNAzyme functionalized UIO-66-NH2, in which methylene blue was encapsulated, was independently dispersed in solution phase to be closely associated with the lead sulfide labeled sandwich bioconjugates, and internal methylene blue molecules can be sustained released once a cationic exchange reaction was occurred between lead sulfide label and adscititious silver ions. Based on this designing, immunoassay for PSA was effectively connected with the dynamic behavior of methylene blue molecules through the cleavage of DNAzyme on MOFs surface and performed a wide linear range from 1 pg mL-1 to 10 ng mL-1 and a satisfactory detection limit with 0.34 pg mL-1. The proposed strategy was expected to offer more valuable information for the application of MOFs in early and accurate cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Changshun Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Kun Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Tao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhanfang Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Hongliang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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3
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Electrochemical Development of an Immunosensor for Detection Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for Environmental Analysis. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9110307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a highly toxic family of synthetic chemical compounds. PCBs are widely spread in the environment and their toxicity can cause serious ailments to living organisms such as cancer; therefore, developing a device for the detection of PCBs in the environment is significant. In this paper, polyclonal primary anti-PCB antibodies were immobilized onto a gold screen-printed electrode with the purpose of creating an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of Aroclor 1254. It was modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and the activation of the carboxylic acid terminal was performed by cross-linking 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hyrodsuccinmide (NHS) on the electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement were employed to characterize SAM development on the gold electrode. Using a competitive assay, a 0.09 ng/mL−1 limit of detection and a linear range of 0.101–220 ng/mL−1 were determined. The self-assembled monolayers (SAM) were successful in encapsulating the PCBs on the immunosensor. The electrochemical detection showed better resolution when compared to traditional methods such as the ELISA optical technique. The novel electrochemical immunosensor approach that is discussed in this paper has the potential to offer rapid sample screening in a portable, disposable format and could contribute to the effective control and prevention of PCBs in the environment.
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Yin Z, Zhu L, Lv Z, Li M, Tang D. Persistent luminescence nanorods-based autofluorescence-free biosensor for prostate-specific antigen detection. Talanta 2021; 233:122563. [PMID: 34215059 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) are a class of materials with excellent optical properties, which can continue to emit light for a long time after removing the excitation light source. This feature enables PLNPs to be used for development of biological detection modes without autofluorescence background. In this study, we prepared Zn2GeO4: Mn2+, Pr3+ (ZGOMP) nanorods through a one-pot hydrothermal method. Using the pH-responsive luminescence behavior of ZGOMP, we developed an autofluorescence-free biosensor using ZGOMP as a probe and gluconic acid as a quencher to detect prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and magnetic separation system were introduced in the design to achieve efficient signal amplification. Under the optimal conditions, the as-designed autofluorescence-free sensing platform showed high selectivity, and showed a good luminescence response to PSA within the linear range of 0.001-10 ng/mL at a detection limit of 0.64 pg/mL. The excellent analytical performance shows that the current strategy provides an effective platform for clinical sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Yin
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Zijian Lv
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
| | - Meijin Li
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China.
| | - Dianping Tang
- Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology (MOE & Fujian Province), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China.
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5
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Wang S, Hossain MZ, Shinozuka K, Shimizu N, Kitada S, Suzuki T, Ichige R, Kuwana A, Kobayashi H. Graphene field-effect transistor biosensor for detection of biotin with ultrahigh sensitivity and specificity. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112363. [PMID: 32729495 PMCID: PMC7272179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Because avidin and biotin molecules exhibit the most specific and strongest non-covalent interaction, avidin-biotin technology is widely used in ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kits for the detection of different bio-macromolecules linked to different diseases including cancer and influenza. Combining the outstanding electrical conductivity (200,000 cm2V-1s-1) of graphene with the unique avidin and biotin interaction, we demonstrate a novel graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensor for the quantitative detection of bio-macromolecules. The GFET consists of six pairs of interdigital Cr/Au electrodes supported on Si/SiO2 substrate with an avidin immobilized single layer graphene channel as the sensing platform. By monitoring the real time current change upon the addition of biotin solution in bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the silicone pool preformed onto the GFET, the lowest detectable biotin concentration is estimated to be 90 fg/ml (0.37 pM). The specificity of the GFET is confirmed both by controlled and real sample measurements. From the magnitude of current change upon the addition of different concentrations of biotin solutions, the dissociation constant Kd is estimated to be 1.6 × 10-11 M. Since biotin is capable of conjugating with proteins, nucleotides and other bio-macromolecules without altering their properties, the present GFET sensor with its ultra-high sensitivity (0.37 pM) and specificity can be tailored to the rapid point-of-care detection of different types of desired biomolecules at very low concentration level through biotinylation as well as the exogenous biotin in blood serum. Combining the outstanding electrical conductivity of graphene with the unique interaction between avidin and biotin, a novel graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensor for quantitative detection of bio-macromolecules is demonstrated. The present biosensor is capable of detecting the biotin with the sensitivity of 90 fg/ml (~0.37 pM) and high specificity. Since the biotin is capable of conjugating with protein, nucleotide and other bio-macromolecules without affecting their properties, the present GFET sensor can be tailored to various medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan.
| | - Md Zakir Hossain
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Shinozuka
- Division of Molecular Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Japan
| | - Natsuhiko Shimizu
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Japan
| | - Shunya Kitada
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR), Gunma University, Japan
| | - Takaaki Suzuki
- Division of Mechanical Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ryo Ichige
- Division of Mechanical Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Anna Kuwana
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Haruo Kobayashi
- Division of Electronics and Informatics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Gunma University 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, 376-8515, Japan.
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Leva-Bueno J, Peyman SA, Millner PA. A review on impedimetric immunosensors for pathogen and biomarker detection. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:343-362. [PMID: 32246198 PMCID: PMC7248053 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of antibiotics in the first quarter of the twentieth century, their use has been the principal approach to treat bacterial infection. Modernized medicine such as cancer therapy, organ transplantation or advanced major surgeries require effective antibiotics to manage bacterial infections. However, the irresponsible use of antibiotics along with the lack of development has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance which is considered a serious global threat due to the rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria (Wang et al. in Antibiotic resistance: a rundown of a global crisis, pp. 1645-1658, 2018). Currently employed diagnostics techniques are microscopy, colony counting, ELISA, PCR, RT-PCR, surface-enhanced Raman scattering and others. These techniques provide satisfactory selectivity and sensitivity (Joung et al. in Sens Actuators B Chem 161:824-831, 2012). Nevertheless, they demand specialized personnel and expensive and sophisticated machinery which can be labour-intensive and time-consuming, (Malvano et al. in Sensors (Switzerland) 18:1-11, 2018; Mantzila et al. in Anal Chem 80:1169-1175, 2008). To get around these problems, new technologies such as biosensing and lab-on-a-chip devices have emerged in the last two decades. Impedimetric immunosensors function by applying electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to a biosensor platform using antibodies or other affinity proteins such as Affimers (Tiede et al. in Elife 6(c):1-35, 2017) or other binding proteins (Weiss et al. in Electrochim Acta 50:4248-4256, 2005) as bioreceptors, which provide excellent sensitivity and selectivity. Pre-enrichment steps are not required and this allows miniaturization and low-cost. In this review different types of impedimetric immunosensors are reported according to the type of electrode and their base layer materials, either self-assembled monolayers or polymeric layers, composition and functionalization for different types of bacteria, viruses, fungi and disease biomarkers. Additionally, novel protein scaffolds, both antibody derived and non-antibody derived, used to specifically target the analyte are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Leva-Bueno
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT England, UK
| | - Sally A. Peyman
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JS England, UK
| | - P. A. Millner
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT England, UK
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Negahdary M, Sattarahmady N, Heli H. Advances in prostate specific antigen biosensors-impact of nanotechnology. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 504:43-55. [PMID: 32004532 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most dangerous and deadly cancers in elderly men. Early diagnosis using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) facilitates disease detection, management and treatment. Biosensors have recently been used as sensitive, selective, inexpensive and rapid diagnostic tools for PSA detection. In this review, a variety of PSA biosensors such as aptasensors, peptisensors and immunesensors are highlighted. These use aptamers, peptides and antibodies in the biorecognition element, respectively, and can detect PSA with very high sensitivity via electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, fluorescence and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. To improve the sensitivity of most of these PSA biosensors, different nanostructured materials have played a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Negahdary
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Sattarahmady
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - H Heli
- Nanomedicine and Nanobiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Pali M, Bever CRS, Vasylieva N, Hammock BD, Suni II. Impedance Detection of 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid with a Noncompetitive Two-site Phage Anti-immunocomplex Assay. ELECTROANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201800457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Pali
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale IL 62901
| | - Candace R. S. Bever
- Department of Entomology & Nematology; University of California; Davis CA 95616
- Western Regional Research Center; Agricultural Research Service Unided States Department of Agriculture; 800 Buchanan Street Albany CA 94710 USA
| | - Natalia Vasylieva
- Department of Entomology & Nematology; University of California; Davis CA 95616
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology & Nematology; University of California; Davis CA 95616
| | - Ian I. Suni
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Materials Technology Center; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale IL 62901
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Energy Processes; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale IL 62901
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9
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Covalently electrografted carboxyphenyl layers onto gold surface serving as a platform for the construction of an immunosensor for detection of methotrexate. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Damborska D, Bertok T, Dosekova E, Holazova A, Lorencova L, Kasak P, Tkac J. Nanomaterial-based biosensors for detection of prostate specific antigen. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 184:3049-3067. [PMID: 29109592 PMCID: PMC5669453 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Screening serum for the presence of prostate specific antigen (PSA) belongs to the most common approach for the detection of prostate cancer. This review (with 156 refs.) addresses recent developments in PSA detection based on the use of various kinds of nanomaterials. It starts with an introduction into the field, the significance of testing for PSA, and on current limitations. A first main section treats electrochemical biosensors for PSA, with subsections on methods based on the use of gold electrodes, graphene or graphene-oxide, carbon nanotubes, hybrid nanoparticles, and other types of nanoparticles. It also covers electrochemical methods based on the enzyme-like activity of PSA, on DNA-, aptamer- and biofuel cell-based methods, and on the detection of PSA via its glycan part. The next main section covers optical biosensors, with subsections on methods making use of surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized SPR and plasmonic ELISA-like schemes. This is followed by subsections on methods based on the use of fiber optics, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, Raman scattering and SERS, electrochemiluminescence and cantilever-based methods. The most sensitive biosensors are the electrochemical ones, with lowest limits of detection (down to attomolar concentrations), followed by mass cantilever sensing and electrochemilumenescent strategies. Optical biosensors show lower performance, but are still more sensitive compared to standard ELISA. The most commonly applied nanomaterials are metal and carbon-based ones and their hybrid composites used for different amplification strategies. The most attractive sensing schemes are summarized in a Table. The review ends with a section on conclusions and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Damborska
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Bertok
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Erika Dosekova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alena Holazova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Lorencova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kasak
- Center for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Shin SR, Kilic T, Zhang YS, Avci H, Hu N, Kim D, Branco C, Aleman J, Massa S, Silvestri A, Kang J, Desalvo A, Hussaini MA, Chae S, Polini A, Bhise N, Hussain MA, Lee H, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. Label-Free and Regenerative Electrochemical Microfluidic Biosensors for Continual Monitoring of Cell Secretomes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2017; 4:1600522. [PMID: 28546915 PMCID: PMC5441508 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of an efficient sensing platform capable of continual monitoring of biomarkers is needed to assess the functionality of the in vitro organoids and to evaluate their biological responses toward pharmaceutical compounds or chemical species over extended periods of time. Here, a novel label-free microfluidic electrochemical (EC) biosensor with a unique built-in on-chip regeneration capability for continual measurement of cell-secreted soluble biomarkers from an organoid culture in a fully automated manner without attenuating the sensor sensitivity is reported. The microfluidic EC biosensors are integrated with a human liver-on-a-chip platform for continual monitoring of the metabolic activity of the organoids by measuring the levels of secreted biomarkers for up to 7 d, where the metabolic activity of the organoids is altered by a systemically applied drug. The variations in the biomarker levels are successfully measured by the microfluidic regenerative EC biosensors and agree well with cellular viability and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses, validating the accuracy of the unique sensing platform. It is believed that this versatile and robust microfluidic EC biosensor that is capable of automated and continual detection of soluble biomarkers will find widespread use for long-term monitoring of human organoids during drug toxicity studies or efficacy assessments of in vitro platforms.
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Ding LL, Ge JP, Zhou WQ, Gao JP, Zhang ZY, Xiong Y. Nanogold-functionalized g-C3N4 nanohybrids for sensitive impedimetric immunoassay of prostate-specific antigen using enzymatic biocatalytic precipitation. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 85:212-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Pihikova D, Kasak P, Kubanikova P, Sokol R, Tkac J. Aberrant sialylation of a prostate-specific antigen: Electrochemical label-free glycoprofiling in prostate cancer serum samples. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 934:72-9. [PMID: 27506346 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical detection method allowing to detect prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker of prostate cancer (PCa), with PSA glycoprofiling was applied in an analysis of PCa serum samples for the first time. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as a label-free method with immobilized anti-PSA was applied for PSA detection and lectins to glycoprofile captured PSA on the same surface. A proper choice of blocking agent providing high selectivity of biosensor detection with the immobilized anti-PSA antibody was done. The biosensor could detect PSA down to 100 ag/mL with a linear concentration working range from 100 ag/mL up to 1 μg/mL, i.e. 10 orders of concentration magnitude and the sensitivity of (5.5 ± 0.2)%/decade. The results showed that a commercial carbo-free blocking solution was the best one, reducing non-specific binding 55-fold when compared to the immunosensor surface without any blocking agent applied, while allowing to detect PSA. The biosensor response obtained after addition of lectin (i.e. proportional to the amount of a particular glycan on PSA) divided by the biosensor response obtained after incubation with a sample (i.e. proportional to the PSA level in the sample) was applied to distinguish serum samples of PCa patients from those of healthy individuals. The results showed that Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA) recognizing α-2,3-terminal sialic acid can be applied to distinguish between these two sets of samples since the MAA/PSA response obtained from the analysis of the PCa samples was significantly higher (5.3-fold) compared to the MAA/PSA response obtained by the analysis of samples from healthy individuals. Thus, combined analysis of serological PSA levels together with PSA glycoprofiling of aberrant glycosylation of PSA (i.e. increase in the level of α-2,3-terminal sialic acid) has a potential to improve detection of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Pihikova
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Kasak
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Petra Kubanikova
- Private Urological Ambulance, Piaristicka 6, Trencin, 911 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Roman Sokol
- Private Urological Ambulance, Piaristicka 6, Trencin, 911 01, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Tkac
- Department of Glycobiotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 845 38, Slovak Republic.
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