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Vortex-assisted sequential liquid-phase micro-extraction of E127 and E129 in foodstuffs and pharmaceuticals. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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2
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Designing a simple semi-automated system for preconcentration and determination of nickel in some food samples using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based upon orange peel oil as extraction solvent. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Li B, Han Z, Ma J, Qiu W, Li W, Zhang B, Zhai X, Ding A, He X. Novel sodium percarbonate-MnO 2 effervescent tablets for efficient and moderate membrane cleaning. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118716. [PMID: 35687974 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane flux recovery efficiency and durability are two key factors closely associated with the practical application for membrane cleaning process. However, conventional chemical membrane cleaning method by soaking the whole membrane module in highly concentrated chemical reagents has prominent drawbacks including the low mass transfer efficiency of reagents, long period of washing time, and the potential threat to membrane structure. Herein, for the first time, we report a facile approach to fabricate the sodium percarbonate-MnO2 effervescent tablets which show bubbling reaction to release oxygen and free radicals when being dispersed in water for membrane cleaning. Due to the synergistic effect of MnO2 and sodium percarbonate, the tablets are highly effective to clean the membrane fouled by humic acid within 5 min, with the terminal membrane flux being recovered from 0.50 to 0.95, and the irreversible fouling resistance being reduced by more than 90%, which is prominently more efficient than the conventional chemical cleaning methods. Moreover, even by consecutive membrane fouling and cleaning for 6 times, the membrane flux and filtration efficiency of the membrane could still be kept almost constant, and the moderateness of this membrane cleaning method was also verified by the systematic microscopic analysis. For mechanism study, results of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and quenching experiments indicated that the high-efficiency and robust durability of sodium percarbonate-MnO2 (SPC-MnO2) system for membrane cleaning was mainly attributed to the abundantly generated hydroxyl radicals and secondary free radicals (i.e. carbonate radicals). Conclusively, compared with the conventional membrane cleaning method with liquid cleaning reagents, the novel SPC-MnO2 system with remarkable advantages in terms of convenience and membrane cleaning performance demonstrated high potential for the wide application in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boda Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ziwen Han
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wenqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xuedong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - An Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xu He
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Sajid M. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: Evolution in design, application areas, and green aspects. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Han W, Yang Y, Hang N, Zhao W, Lu P, Li S. Switchable hydrophilic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of four types of sulfonylurea herbicides in soils. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1252-1261. [PMID: 35001514 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, switchable hydrophilic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the determination of four sulfonylurea herbicides in soils. For the first time, the sample pretreatment was achieved due to the similar acid-base status of sulfonylurea herbicides and switchable hydrophilic solvent. In the extraction step, sulfonylurea herbicides were extracted as anions and transferred to an alkaline solution with switchable hydrophilic solvent anions. In the concentration step, two types of anions were transformed to their molecular state after the aqueous solution was acidified. In addition, the dispersion and microextraction processes were completed efficiently with the simultaneous formation of analytes and extractants. The factors affecting the extraction performance were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, good linearity was observed for each herbicide with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9952 to 0.9978. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.1-0.2 μg/g. Moreover, the relative recoveries of the sulfonylurea herbicides at spiking levels of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 μg/g in soil samples were between 75 and 111% (relative standard deviations: 0.4-11.4%). Therefore, the proposed method in this study could be successfully applied to the analysis of four types of sulfonylurea herbicides in soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Na Hang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wanning Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Songqing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pest Control, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Cyclodextrin-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of fungicides in water, juice, and vinegar samples via HPLC. Food Chem 2021; 367:130664. [PMID: 34343804 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (CD-DLLME) was developed for the determination of triazole and strobilurin fungicides in water, juice, and vinegar samples using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD). Undecanol, which is a green solvent, was selected as the extraction solvent. A cyclodextrin aqueous solution was chosen as the dispersion solvent and demulsifier to avoid the use of a toxic dispersion solvent and eliminate the centrifugation step. Dispersion and phase separation were completed within 1 and 60 s, respectively. The linear range of this method was 1 to 100 µg L-1. The limits of detection were 0.3 μg L-1 along with the preconcentration factor of 133 and enrichment factor of 124. The recovery was 83.2% to 103.2%. This pretreatment method was fast, simple, and environmentally friendly and was successfully applied to the analysis of triazole and strobilurin fungicide residues in water, juice, and vinegar samples.
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Lasarte-Aragonés G, Lucena R, Cárdenas S. Effervescence-Assisted Microextraction-One Decade of Developments. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25246053. [PMID: 33371453 PMCID: PMC7767422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersive microextraction techniques are key in the analytical sample treatment context as they combine a favored thermodynamics and kinetics isolation of the target analytes from the sample matrix. The dispersion of the extractant in the form of tiny particles or drops, depending on the technique, into the sample enlarges the contact surface area between phases, thus enhancing the mass transference. This dispersion can be achieved by applying external energy sources, the use of chemicals, or the combination of both strategies. Effervescence-assisted microextraction emerged in 2011 as a new alternative in this context. The technique uses in situ-generated carbon dioxide as the disperser, and it has been successfully applied in the solid-phase and liquid-phase microextraction fields. This minireview explains the main fundamentals of the technique, its potential and the main developments reported.
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Dmitrienko SG, Apyari VV, Tolmacheva VV, Gorbunova MV. Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of Organic Compounds: An Overview of Reviews. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Jing X, Wang H, Huang X, Chen Z, Zhu J, Wang X. Digital image colorimetry detection of carbaryl in food samples based on liquid phase microextraction coupled with a microfluidic thread-based analytical device. Food Chem 2020; 337:127971. [PMID: 32916534 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This research used a digital image colorimetry (DIC) method to detect carbaryl in food samples using effervescence-assisted liquid phase microextraction based on solidification of switchable hydrophilicity solvent combined with a microfluidic thread-based analytical device (EA-LPME-SSHS-μTAD). 1-naphthol, the hydrolysate of carbaryl, was extracted into octanoic acid by the adjustment of pH values of the sample solution and separated through solidification in an ice bath. Then 1-naphthol contained in the extracted solution was coupled with 4-methoxybenzenediazonlum tetrafluoroborate (MBDF) fixed on the μTAD to produce tangerine compounds. The inherent colour variation was captured by a smartphone and processed to calculate the intensity (I). Under the optimal conditions, the limit of quantification was within 0.020-0.027 mg kg-1. The recovery was varied in the range from 92.3% to 105.9% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 5%. The developed method provides an alternative strategy to extract and detect pesticides for food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Shanxi Functional Food Research Institute, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Zhenjia Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Shanxi Functional Food Research Institute, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Junling Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Shanxi Functional Food Research Institute, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China; Shanxi Functional Food Research Institute, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, PR China.
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Shishov A, Gerasimov A, Nechaeva D, Volodina N, Bessonova E, Bulatov A. An effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent decomposition: Determination of ketoprofen and diclofenac in liver. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Elpa DP, Wu SP, Urban PL. Rapid Extraction and Analysis of Volatile Solutes with an Effervescent Tablet. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2756-2763. [PMID: 31902204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Extraction of volatile compounds from complex liquid matrices is a critical step in volatile compound analysis workflows. Recently, green chemistry principles are increasingly implemented in extraction processes. Some of the available approaches are solvent-free but still require concentration or trapping of analytes. Here, we propose effervescent tablet-induced extraction (ETIE) as a method of transferring volatile/semivolatile compounds from liquid matrices to the gas phase for analysis. This technique relies on the release of carbon dioxide produced in situ during a neutralization reaction, which occurs when a tablet is inserted into an aqueous sample matrix. In this process, many bubbles of carbon dioxide are instantly formed in the sample matrix. The bubbles rapidly extract and liberate volatile compounds from the sample. The gaseous effluent is then immediately transferred to a detector (atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (MS) or gas chromatography (GC) hyphenated with MS). ETIE-GC-MS can be used for analysis of volatile compounds present in real samples. The method was validated for analysis of selected ethyl esters present in a yogurt drink. The calibration data set was linear over a range from 5 × 10-7 to 1 × 10-5 M. The limits of detection ranged from 1.51 × 10-7 to 6.82 × 10-7 M, while the recoveries ranged from 71 to 118%. Inter- and intraday precision of selected ethyl esters in aqueous solution was satisfactory (relative standard deviation, 3.6-18.3%). Furthermore, it is shown that ETIE improves the performance of headspace solid-phase microextraction while eliminating the need for heating and shaking samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decibel P Elpa
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road , Hsinchu , 30010 , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pao Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road , Hsinchu , 30010 , Taiwan
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In-syringe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using deep eutectic solvent as disperser: Determination of chromium (VI) in beverages. Talanta 2020; 206:120209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Vakh KS, Timofeeva II, Bulatov AV. Automation of Microextraction Preconcentration Methods Based on Stepwise Injection Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481911011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sorouraddin SM, Farajzadeh MA, Najafpour Qarajeh H. Phthalic acid as complexing agent and co-disperser for analysis of zinc and cadmium at trace levels from high volumes of sample on the base of an effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Saliva, as the first body fluid encountering with the exogenous materials, has good correlation with blood and plays an important role in bioanalysis. However, saliva has not been studied as much as the other biological fluids mainly due to restricted access to its large volumes. In recent years, there is a growing interest for saliva analysis owing to the emergence of miniaturized sample preparation methods. The purpose of this paper is to review all microextraction methods and their principles of operation. In the following, we examine the methods used to analyze saliva up to now and discuss the potential of the other microextraction methods for saliva analysis to encourage research groups for more focus on this important subject area.
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Leng G, Hu Q, He WF, Liu Z, Chen WJ, Xu WB, Yang QH, Sun J. A simple field method for the determination of sulfite in natural waters: Based on automated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1584:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Lemos VA, Oliveira RV, Lopes dos Santos WN, Menezes RM, Santos LB, Costa Ferreira SL. Liquid phase microextraction associated with flow injection systems for the spectrometric determination of trace elements. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Shishov A, Wieczorek M, Kościelniak P, Dudek-Adamska D, Telk A, Moskvin L, Bulatov A. An automated continuous homogeneous microextraction for the determination of selenium and arsenic by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 181:359-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Sorouraddin SM, Farajzadeh MA, Ghorbani M. In situ-produced CO2-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extraction and preconcentration of cobalt, nickel, and copper ions from aqueous samples followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determination. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zeng H, Yang X, Yang M, Wu X, Zhou W, Zhang S, Lu R, Li J, Gao H. Ultrasound-assisted, hybrid ionic liquid, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of insecticides in fruit juices based on partition coefficients. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3513-3521. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Miyi Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Wenfeng Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Sanbing Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Runhua Lu
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
| | - Haixiang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry; China Agricultural University; Beijing China
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Pochivalov A, Vakh C, Andruch V, Moskvin L, Bulatov A. Automated alkaline-induced salting-out homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction coupled with in-line organic-phase detection by an optical probe for the determination of diclofenac. Talanta 2017; 169:156-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Shishov A, Nechaeva D, Moskvin L, Andruch V, Bulatov A. Automated solid sample dissolution coupled with sugaring-out homogenous liquid-liquid extraction. Application for the analysis of throat lozenge samples. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Timofeeva I, Timofeev S, Moskvin L, Bulatov A. A dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using a switchable polarity dispersive solvent. Automated HPLC-FLD determination of ofloxacin in chicken meat. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 949:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Alexovič M, Horstkotte B, Šrámková I, Solich P, Sabo J. Automation of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and related techniques. Approaches based on flow, batch, flow-batch and in-syringe modes. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chang CH, Urban PL. Fizzy Extraction of Volatile and Semivolatile Compounds into the Gas Phase. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8735-40. [PMID: 27504910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Extraction of volatile and semivolatile compounds from liquid matrixes with high yields, and transferring the extracts to detectors in real time, is challenging. Common extraction procedures involve heating the samples to release the analytes to the gas phase and, in some cases, trapping the gas-phase analytes into sorbents or containers. Here, we propose a new method for fast extraction of volatile and semivolatile compounds from liquid matrixes. This method involves dissolution of a carrier gas in the liquid sample by applying a moderate overpressure (∼150 kPa) and stirring the sample. An abrupt decompression of the extraction chamber leads to effervescence. In this step, many bubbles are instantly formed in the sample matrix. The dissolved carrier gas as well as dissolved volatiles are liberated into the headspace of the extraction chamber within a short period of time (few seconds). The gaseous effluent of the extraction chamber is immediately transferred to the online detector; in this case, an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization interface of a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The fast release of the gas-phase extract gives rise to a high signal recorded by the detector; several times higher than the signal recorded during direct infusion of headspace vapors without fizzy extraction. This feature provides the means to detect and quantify analytes present in solutions in a short period of time. Here we show that fizzy extraction is suitable for analysis of volatile/semivolatile compounds present in various samples, including those containing complex matrixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
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Wang X, Wu L, Cao J, Hong X, Ye R, Chen W, Yuan T. Magnetic effervescent tablet-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of selenium for speciation in foods and beverages. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2016; 33:1190-9. [PMID: 27181611 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1189807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel, simple and rapid method based on magnetic effervescent tablet-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (MEA-IL-DLLME) followed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) determination was established for the speciation of selenium in various food and beverage samples. In the procedure, a special magnetic effervescent tablet containing CO2 sources (sodium carbonate and sodium dihydrogenphosphate), ionic liquids and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was used to combine extractant dispersion and magnetic recovery procedures into a single step. The parameters influencing the microextraction efficiency, such as pH of the sample solution, volume of ionic liquid, amount of MNPs, concentration of the chelating agent, salt effect and matrix effect were investigated and optimised. Under the optimised conditions, the limits of detection (LODs) for Se(IV) were 0.021 μg l(-)(1) and the linear dynamic range was 0.05-5.0 μg l(-)(1). The relative standard deviation for seven replicate measurements of 1.0 μg l(-)(1) of Se(IV) was 2.9%. The accuracy of the developed method was evaluated by analysis of the standard reference materials (GBW10016 tea, GBW10017 milk powder, GBW10043 Liaoning rice, GBW10046 Henan wheat, GBW10048 celery). The proposed method was successfully applied to food and beverage samples including black tea, milk powder, mushroom, soybean, bamboo shoots, energy drink, bottled water, carbonated drink and mineral water for the speciation of Se(IV) and Se(VI) with satisfactory relative recoveries (92.0-108.1%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- a College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Hangzhou , China
| | - Long Wu
- a College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Hangzhou , China
| | - Jiaqi Cao
- a College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Hangzhou , China
| | - Xincheng Hong
- a College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Hangzhou , China
| | - Rui Ye
- a College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Hangzhou , China
| | - Weiji Chen
- a College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Hangzhou , China
| | - Ting Yuan
- a College of Civil Engineering and Architecture , Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power , Hangzhou , China
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