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Meymivand A, Shahhosseini S, Kashani MN, HMTShirazi R, Yamini Y. Exploring the impact of polyvinylidenefluoride membrane physical properties on the enrichment efficacy of microfluidic electro-membrane extraction of acidic drugs. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1725:464909. [PMID: 38688052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Membrane technology has revolutionized various fields with its energy efficiency, versatility, user-friendliness, and adaptability. This study introduces a microfluidic chip, comprised of silicone rubber and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) sheets to explore the impacts of polymeric support morphology on electro-membrane extraction efficiency, representing a pioneering exploration in this field. In this research, three polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) membranes with distinct pore sizes were fabricated and their characteristics were assessed through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). This investigation centers on the extraction of three widely prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: aspirin (ASA), naproxen (NAP), and ibuprofen (IBU). Quantitative parameters in the extraction process including voltage, donor phase flow rate, and acceptor phase composition were optimized, considering the type of membrane as a qualitative factor. To assess the performance of the fabricated PVDF membranes, a comparative analysis with a commercially available Polypropylene (PP) membrane was conducted. Efficient enrichment factors of 30.86, 23.15, and 21.06 were attained for ASA, NAP, and IBU, respectively, from urine samples under optimal conditions using the optimum PVDF membrane. Significantly, the choice of the ideal membrane amplified the purification levels of ASA, NAP, and IBU by factors of 1.6, 7.5, and 40, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Meymivand
- School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Shahhosseini
- School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Moein Navvab Kashani
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Romina HMTShirazi
- School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Xiong J, Tian L, Shen X, Huang C. Comparison of the applicability of electromembrane extraction and liquid-phase microextraction for extraction of non-polar basic drugs from different biological samples: Using clozapine as the model analyte. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300745. [PMID: 38356226 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding and comparing the applicability of electromembrane extraction (EME) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) is crucial for selecting an appropriate microextraction approach. In this work, EME and LPME based on supported liquid membranes were compared using biological samples, including whole blood, urine, saliva, and liver tissue. After optimization, efficient EME and LPME of clozapine from four biological samples were achieved. EME provided higher recovery and faster mass transfer for blood and liver tissue than LPME. These advantages were attributed to the electric field disrupting clozapine binding to interfering substances. For urine and saliva, EME demonstrated similar recoveries while achieving faster mass transfer rates. Finally, efficient EME and LPME were validated and evaluated combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The coefficient of determination of all methods was greater than 0.999, and all methods showed acceptable reproducibility (≤14%), accuracy (90%-110%), and matrix effect (85%-112%). For liver and blood with high viscosity and complex matrices, EME-LC-MS/MS provided better sensitivity than LPME-LC-MS/MS. The above results indicated that both EME and LPME could be used to isolate non-polar basic drugs from different biological samples, although EME demonstrated higher recovery rates for liver tissue and blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Linxin Tian
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiantao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubation), Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health (Wuhan), Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuixiu Huang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Shahane A, Zhao W, Pakalapati N, Alshogran OY, Caritis SN, Lim G, Shaik IH, Venkataramanan R. Simultaneous quantitation of ketamine, norketamine and dehydronorketamine in human milk using a novel ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 234:115502. [PMID: 37311376 PMCID: PMC10527422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on the transfer of ketamine from maternal blood into human milk. Quantification of ketamine in human milk provides information about the potential exposure of the infant to ketamine and its metabolites from the mother during lactation. A highly specific, reproducible, and sensitive UPLC-MS/MS based analytical method was developed and validated for the quantitation of ketamine and its metabolites (norketamine and dehydronorketamine) in human milk. Samples were subjected to a simple protein precipitation and ketamine-d4 and norketamine-d4 were used as internal standards. Separation of the analytes was achieved using an Acquity UPLC equipped with BEH RP18 1.7 µm, 2.1 × 100 mm column. Mass spectrometric analysis of the analyte ions was carried out using electrospray with positive ionization and multiple reaction monitoring mode. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 1-100 ng/mL for ketamine and norketamine, and 0.1-10 ng/mL for dehydronorketamine. Acceptable intra-day and inter-day accuracy and precision were observed for all the analytes. High recovery of the analytes and minimal matrix effect were observed. Stability of analytes was confirmed at the tested conditions. This assay was successfully used to measure analytes in human milk samples collected from lactating women enrolled in a clinical research study. This is the first validated method that simultaneously quantified ketamine and its metabolites in human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Shahane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Naren Pakalapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Osama Y Alshogran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Steve N Caritis
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Grace Lim
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; University of Pittsburgh Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Innovation in Pain Care, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Imam H Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Raman Venkataramanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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4
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Shi L, Chen M, Zhao G, Wang X, Fan M, Liu R, Xie F. Environmental Applications of Electromembrane Extraction: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:705. [PMID: 37623766 PMCID: PMC10456692 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Electromembrane extraction (EME) is a miniaturized extraction technique that has been widely used in recent years for the analysis and removal of pollutants in the environment. It is based on electrokinetic migration across a supported liquid membrane (SLM) under the influence of an external electrical field between two aqueous compartments. Based on the features of the SLM and the electrical field, EME offers quick extraction, effective sample clean-up, and good selectivity, and limits the amount of organic solvent used per sample to a few microliters. In this paper, the basic devices (membrane materials and types of organic solvents) and influencing factors of EME are first introduced, and the applications of EME in the analysis and removal of environmental inorganic ions and organic pollutants are systematically reviewed. An outlook on the future development of EME for environmental applications is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Shi
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Science Avenue #100, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Mantang Chen
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Ge Zhao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Meijuan Fan
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Ruihong Liu
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Fuwei Xie
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street #2, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.); (M.F.); (R.L.)
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Ocaña-González JA, Aranda-Merino N, Pérez-Bernal JL, Ramos-Payán M. Solid supports and supported liquid membranes for different liquid phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction configurations. A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1691:463825. [PMID: 36731330 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and electromembrane microextraction (EME) can be considered as two of the most popular techniques in sample treatment today. Both techniques can be configurated as membrane-assisted techniques to carry out the extraction. These supports provide the required geometry and stability on the contact surface between two phases (donor and acceptor) and improve the reproducibility of sample treatment techniques. These solid support pore space, once is filled with organic solvents, act as a selective barrier acting as a supported liquid membrane (SLM). The SLM nature is a fundamental parameter, and its selection is critical to carry out successful extractions. There are numerous SLMs that have been successfully employed in a wide variety of application fields. The latter is due to the specificity of the selected organic solvents, which allows the extraction of compounds of a very different nature. In the last decade, solid supports and SLM have evolved towards "green" and environmentally friendly materials and solvents. In this review, solid supports implemented in LPME and EME will be discussed and summarized, as well as their applications. Moreover, the advances and modifications of the solid supports and the SLMs to improve the extraction efficiencies, recoveries and enrichment factors are discussed. Hollow fiber and flat membranes, including microfluidic systems, will be considered depending on the technique, configuration, or device used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Ocaña-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Noemí Aranda-Merino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Pérez-Bernal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - María Ramos-Payán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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6
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A green microfluidic method for the simultaneous extraction of polar and non-polar basic compounds in biological samples. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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7
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Hoseininezhad-Namin MS, Ozkan SA, Rahimpour E, Jouyban A. Development of a β-cyclodextrin-modified gold nanoparticle-assisted electromembrane extraction method followed by capillary electrophoresis for methadone determination in plasma. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33936-33944. [PMID: 36505701 PMCID: PMC9702798 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06419g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were used to assist with electromembrane extraction (EME) and were coupled with capillary electrophoresis (CE) and ultraviolet (UV) detection (CE-UV) for the extraction and measurement of methadone from plasma samples. A β-CD-modified AuNP-reinforced hollow fiber (HF) was utilized in this work. The β-CD-modified AuNPs act as an absorbent and provide an extra pathway for the analyte extraction. For obtaining the effect of the presence of β-CD-modified AuNPs in the HF pores, the extraction efficiency of the EME and β-CD-modified AuNPs/EME techniques were compared. Different parameters influencing the extraction efficacy of the EME and β-CD-modified AuNPs/EME methods were optimized. Optimal extractions were performed with 1-octanol as the organic solvent in the supported liquid membrane (SLM), with an applied voltage of 10 V as the driving force across the SLM, and with pH 7.0 in the donor solutions with a stirring speed of 1000 rpm after 20 min and 25 min for the β-CD-modified AuNPs/EME and EME methods, respectively. Under optimal conditions, compared with the EME method, the β-CD-modified AuNPs/EME method exhibited increased extraction efficacy in a short time. The β-CD-modified AuNPs/EME technique demonstrated a lower limit of detection (5.0 ng mL-1), higher extraction recovery (68%), and a more optimal preconcentration factor (135). Furthermore, this method was successfully utilized for measuring methadone in real plasma samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Saleh Hoseininezhad-Namin
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Sibel Aysil Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical ChemistryAnkaraTurkey
| | - Elaheh Rahimpour
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran,Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Abolghasem Jouyban
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran,Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East UniversityP.O. Box 99138 Nicosia, North CyprusMersin 10Turkey
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Shang Q, Liu H, Mei H, Huang C, Shen X. Multi-extraction system with identical supported semi-liquid membrane: Enhanced stability for coextraction of acidic and basic drugs. Talanta 2022; 246:123485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Electromembrane extraction of tramadol from exhaled breath condensate and its liquid chromatographic analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 219:114959. [PMID: 35907318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tramadol has extracted from the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) samples through the supported liquid membrane consisting of 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether impregnated in the hollow fiber wall, and the lumen of the hollow fiber was filled with 20 μL of an acceptor phase. Under the optimum conditions of the electromembrane extraction, i.e. the stirring speed of 750 rpm, extraction time of 20 min, acceptor pH at 1.0, donor phase pH at 6.0, and an applied voltage of 170 V across the supported liquid membrane, a preconcentration factor of 128-fold with a extraction recovery of 64% was achieved. Acceptable linearity was obtained in the tramadol concentration range of 5-1000 ng mL-1 (R2 = 0.9999) with a limit of detection of 1.5 ng mL-1 and a limit of quantitation of 5 ng mL-1. The relative standard deviations for the intra-day and inter-day replications were obtained between 0.4% and 2.5%. The validated technique was successfully used to determine tramadol in real EBC samples.
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Behpour M, Maghsoudi M, Nojavan S. Analysis of methamphetamine, methadone, tramadol, and buprenorphine in biological samples by ion mobility spectrometry after electromembrane extraction in tandem with slug flow microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1678:463355. [PMID: 35908513 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel tandem extraction method based on electromembrane extraction (EME) and slug flow microextraction (SFME) was developed for the extraction of some narcotics (methamphetamine, methadone, tramadol, and buprenorphine) from biological samples. The analytes were quantified by corona discharge-ion mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS). In this method, initially, analytes were extracted using an EME procedure (step-1). After that, the acceptor solution of the first step containing target analytes was applied in an SFME procedure (step-2) as a donor solution for further preconcentration. In the second step, analytes were extracted from an aqueous solution into an organic extractant. The optimum EME and SFME conditions were as follows: type of supported liquid membrane: 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether containing 10% v/v di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, acceptor solution pH: 1.0, sample solution pH: 4.0, voltage: 248 V, extraction time: 17.5 min, tilting number of glass capillary tube: 10 times, type of the organic extractant: toluene, the concentration of NaOH solution: 400 mM. Under optimum extraction conditions, good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.50-750.0 ng/mL with coefficients of determination (r2) ≥ 0.991. The limits of detection and quantification were achieved in the range of 0.15-3.5 ng/mL and 0.50-12.0 ng/mL, respectively. The inter-day and intra-day precisions (n = 3) provided RSDs lower than 12.8% and 12.7%, respectively. Enrichment factors and extraction recoveries of the analytes were in the range of 255.7 to 505.4 and 37.6-78.3%, respectively. Comparing the EME/HPLC-UV with EME-SFME/CD-IMS showed that using the tandem extraction method improved the enrichment factors by more than 2.7 times and limits of detection and quantification by more than 15 times. Finally, this procedure was used to quantify target analytes in plasma and urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Behpour
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Majid Maghsoudi
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of analytical chemistry and pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran.
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Santigosa E, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Giménez-Gómez P, Muñoz M, Ramos-Payán M. A rapid and versatile microfluidic method for the simultaneous extraction of polar and non-polar basic pharmaceuticals from human urine. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1208:339829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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12
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Goodarzi L, Bayatloo MR, Chalavi S, Nojavan S, Rahmani T, Azimi SB. Selective extraction and determination of Cr(VI) in food samples based on tandem electromembrane extraction followed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Chem 2021; 373:131442. [PMID: 34715627 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In this study, electromembrane extraction (EME) combined with micro-EME (µ-EME) was used for the selective extraction of Cr(VI) from food samples (milk powder, Ocimum basilicum, and fish samples). Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the quantification of Cr(VI). Under the optimized extraction conditions, the extraction recovery of Cr(VI) was 73.7%. This proposed method provided a linear range from 0.01 to 5.0 ng/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.003 and 0.010 ng/mL. The %RSD (n = 5) was in the range of 11.2-11.8% at 0.05, 1.0 and 2.5 ng/mL of Cr(VI), and the enrichment factor was 584. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analysis of SRM 2700 as a certified reference material (CRM) and result was in good agreement with the certified value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Goodarzi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Bayatloo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Soheila Chalavi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran.
| | - Turaj Rahmani
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, G. C., Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Bahareh Azimi
- Research Group of Environmental Assessment and Risk, Research Center for Environment and Sustainable Development (RCESD), Department of Environment, Tehran 1463913116, Iran
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Dowlatshah S, Saraji M, Fernández-Torres R, Ramos-Payán M. A microfluidic liquid phase microextraction method for drugs and parabens monitoring in human urine. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Jajuli MN, Herzog G, Hébrant M, Poh NE, Rahim AA, Saad B, Hussin MH. Graphene and zeolite as adsorbents in bar-micro-solid phase extraction of pharmaceutical compounds of diverse polarities. RSC Adv 2021; 11:16297-16306. [PMID: 35479128 PMCID: PMC9031021 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01569a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bar micro-solid phase (bar μ-SPE) extraction method using either graphene or zeolite or their mixtures as an adsorbent, coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (using a C1 column) was developed for the simultaneous determination of pharmaceutical compounds (metformin (MET), buformin (BUF), phenformin (PHEN) and propranolol (PROP)) of diverse polarity (log P from −1.82 to 3.10). Parameters influencing the extraction, such as conditioning solvents, pH of the sample, sample volume, amount of adsorbent, stirring rate, time of extraction, type and volume of desorption solvent and time of desorption were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction method using graphene (extraction efficiency, % EE, ∼6–15%) resulted in the least amount of extracted drugs. However, the use of zeolite and zeolite/graphene mixtures improves the % EE significantly, i.e. 30% for PHEN and 42% for PROP using zeolite; 22% for MET and 18% for BUF using the adsorbent mixture. Under similar conditions, enrichment factors for these drugs range from 11–15. The validated method was performed for the determination of the drugs that were spiked to urine samples. Good recoveries ranging from 72.8 to 116% were achieved. A bar micro-solid phase (bar μ-SPE) extraction method using either graphene or zeolite or their mixtures as an adsorbent, coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the determination of pharmaceutical compounds of diverse polarity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Maizatul Najwa Jajuli
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Mathematics
- Sultan Idris Education University
- Malaysia
- Université de Lorraine
| | | | - Marc Hébrant
- Université de Lorraine
- CNRS
- LCPME
- F-54000 Nancy
- France
| | - Ng Eng Poh
- School of Chemistry
- Universiti Sains Malaysia
- Malaysia
| | | | - Bahruddin Saad
- Fundamental and Applied Sciences Department
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
- Malaysia
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Application of microextraction techniques in alternative biological matrices with focus on forensic toxicology: a review. Bioanalysis 2020; 13:45-64. [PMID: 33326299 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in alternative biological matrices (e.g., hair and saliva) for forensic toxicology analysis has increased, and recent developments in sample preparation have targeted rapid, cheap, efficient and eco-friendly methods, including microextraction techniques. For this review, we have gathered information about these two hot topics. We discuss the composition, incorporation of analytes and advantages and disadvantages of different biological matrices, and also present the operation principles of the most reported microextraction procedures and their application in forensic toxicology. The outcome of this review may encourage future forensic researches into alternative samples and microextraction techniques.
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16
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Khan WA, Arain MB, Bibi H, Tuzen M, Shah N, Zada A. Selective electromembrane extraction and sensitive colorimetric detection of copper(II). Z PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2020-1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this study, an extremely effective electromembrane extraction (EME) method was developed for the selective extraction of Cu(II) followed by Red-Green-Blue (RGB) detection. The effective parameters optimized for the extraction efficiency of EME include applied voltage, extraction time, supported liquid membrane (SLM) composition, pH of acceptor/donor phases, and stirring rate. Under optimized conditions, Cu(II) was extracted from a 3 mL aqueous donor phase to 8 µL of 100 mM HCl acceptor solution through 1-octanol SLM using an applied voltage of 50 V for 15 min. The proposed method provides a working range of 0.1–0.75 µg·mL−1 with 0.03 µg·mL−1 limit for detection. Finally, the developed technique was applied to different environmental water samples for monitoring environmental pollution. Obtained relative recoveries were within the range of 93–106%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) and enhancement factor (EF) were found to be ≤4.8% and 100 respectively. We hope that this method can be introduced for quantitative determination of Cu(II) as a fast, simple, portable, inexpensive, effective, and precise procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Ali Khan
- Department of Chemistry , Abdul Wali Khan University , 23200 , Mardan , KPK , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Balal Arain
- Department of Chemistry , Abdul Wali Khan University , 23200 , Mardan , KPK , Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Karachi , 75270 , Karachi , Pakistan
| | - Hashmat Bibi
- Department of Chemistry , Abdul Wali Khan University , 23200 , Mardan , KPK , Pakistan
| | - Mustafa Tuzen
- Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University , Department of Chemistry , 60250 , Tokat , Turkey
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry , Abdul Wali Khan University , 23200 , Mardan , KPK , Pakistan
| | - Amir Zada
- Department of Chemistry , Abdul Wali Khan University , 23200 , Mardan , KPK , Pakistan
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17
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Pourahadi A, Nojavan S, Hosseiny Davarani SS. Gel-electromembrane extraction of peptides: Determination of five hypothalamic agents in human plasma samples. Talanta 2020; 217:121025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Psychoactive substances in human breast milk: a review of analytical strategies for their investigation. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1263-1274. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
WHO recommends breastfeeding for the first 6 months of newborn's life. Due to its physicochemical properties, breast milk may contain undesirable components originated from mother's feeding, medication and illicit drugs consumption. Some of these substances transferred from bloodstream to milk and delivered to the infant can cause harmful effects. For the last decades, analytical advances enabled the analysis of several substances in milk using different techniques. Thereby, it is possible to evaluate infant's level of exposure to these substances. This review presents the information published in the main scientific dissemination media about psychoactive drugs investigation in human breast milk, involving the sample preparation techniques and chromatographic validated methods developed in the past 10 years.
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19
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Impact of ion balance in electromembrane extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1124:129-136. [PMID: 32534665 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Electromembrane extraction (EME) involves transfer of analyte ions from aqueous sample, through a supported liquid membrane (SLM), and into an aqueous acceptor solution under the influence of an external electrical field. In addition to target analyte ions, the sample also contains matrix ions, and both the sample and acceptor contains background buffer ions to control pH. The ratio between the total amount of ions in sample and acceptor defines the ion balance (χ). Previous publications have discussed the impact of ion balance, but conclusions are contradictory. Therefore, the current paper investigated the ion balance in more detail. From a theoretical point of view, low χ-values favor EME; buffer anions at high concentration in the acceptor migrate into the SLM, while target cations enters the SLM from the sample to maintain electroneutrality. A large number of experiments was performed in this paper to investigate the practical impact of ion balance. Twelve basic drugs were used as model analytes (0.0 < log P < 5.0), and 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether (NPOE) and NPOE + 5% di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP) were used as SLM. With formate buffer pH 3.75 as sample and acceptor, the impact of χ in the range 0.01-10 was studied without bias from differences in pH. Here model analytes were unaffected by ion balance. Buffers containing propionic, butyric, and valeric acid were also tested. These buffer ions migrated more into the SLM, and affected recoveries in several cases. However, this was due to ion pairing rather than effects of ion balance. Similar behaviors from sodium chloride and urine samples were observed with different χ-values. Thus, in the systems tested, almost no impact of ion balance was found, and this was attributed to very low partition of background buffer and matrix ions into the SLM. On the other hand, extractions were in several cases influenced by ion pairing phenomena.
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20
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Yaripour S, Ebrahimi S, Mohammadi A. Quantitative analysis of phenobarbital in biological fluids: Analyte enrichment by an electrically-assisted microextraction technique. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000417839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Mohammadi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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21
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Mahdavi P, Nojavan S, Asadi S. Sugaring-out assisted electromembrane extraction of basic drugs from biological fluids: Improving the efficiency and stability of extraction system. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1608:460411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Liquid - Phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction in millifluidic devices:A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1080:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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Pourahadi A, Farahani A, Hosseiny Davarani SS, Nojavan S, Tashakori C. Developing a miniaturized setup for in-tube simultaneous determination of three alkaloids using electromembrane extraction in combination with ultraviolet spectrophotometry. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3126-3133. [PMID: 31347772 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein, electromembrane extraction was combined with ultraviolet spectrophotometry using a customized manifold for preconcentration and simultaneous determination of morphine, codeine, and papaverine in water and human urine samples. Absorption spectra of the extracts were recorded inside the lumen of the hollow fiber using two fiber optics connected to a miniature spectrophotometer. Partial least squares regression was applied to resolve the overlapped spectra of the analytes. Performance of the model was validated by an independent test set. Central composite design was applied to optimize the extraction parameters. The optimized extraction conditions are as follows; supporting liquid membrane: 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether containing 15% v/v bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, applied voltage: 80 V, donor pH: 3.0, acceptor pH: 1.0, extraction time: 20 min. Finally, the optimized extraction method was validated for determination of the mentioned alkaloids in human urine samples. The method showed good linearity (R2 > 0.995) for all of the mentioned alkaloids. The limits of detection for morphine, codeine, and papaverine in diluted human urine were found to be 0.6, 1.1, and 0.6 ng/mL, respectively with acceptable relative standard deviations. Enrichment factors of 104, 108, and 102 were achieved for morphine, codeine, and papaverine, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Pourahadi
- Department of Analytical and Pollutants Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Farahani
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Nojavan
- Department of Analytical and Pollutants Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Camellia Tashakori
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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24
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Aranda-Merino N, Ramos-Payán M, Callejón-Mochón M, Villar-Navarro M, Fernández-Torres R. Effect of counter-ions on electromembrane extraction of non- steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Recent advances in microextraction procedures for determination of amphetamines in biological samples. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:437-460. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphetamine and its related derivatives have stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. Illegal use of these drugs is an increasing global problem resulting in significant public health and legal problems. Deaths have been reported after intake of these drugs due to overdose. It is important to determine the type and concentration of illicit drugs in biological samples. These compounds are found in complex matrices at low concentration levels. The microextraction techniques are dominant sample preparation procedure and they are widely accepted as the most labor-intensive part of the bioanalytical process. For this purpose, a survey of recent published advances in microextraction procedures for quantification of amphetamines in biological samples found in the different databases from 2008 to date will be conducted.
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26
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A review of the application of hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction in bioanalytical methods – A systematic approach with focus on forensic toxicology. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1108:32-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Tabani H, Nojavan S, Alexovič M, Sabo J. Recent developments in green membrane-based extraction techniques for pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:244-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Ramos Payán M, Santigosa E, Fernández Torres R, Bello López MÁ. A New Microchip Design. A Versatile Combination of Electromembrane Extraction and Liquid-Phase Microextraction in a Single Chip Device. Anal Chem 2018; 90:10417-10424. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Ramos Payán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Elia Santigosa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rut Fernández Torres
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Bello López
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Prof. García González s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain
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29
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Nojavan S, Shaghaghi H, Rahmani T, Shokri A, Nasiri-Aghdam M. Combination of electromembrane extraction and electro-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction: A tandem sample preparation method. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1563:20-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Yaripour S, Mohammadi A, Esfanjani I, Walker RB, Nojavan S. Quantitation of zolpidem in biological fluids by electro-driven microextraction combined with HPLC-UV analysis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:349-361. [PMID: 29805344 PMCID: PMC5962899 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, an electro-driven microextraction method named electromembrane extraction combined with a simple high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection was developed and validated for the quantitation of zolpidem in biological samples. Parameters influencing electromembrane extraction were evaluated and optimized. The membrane consisted of 2-ethylhexanol immobilized in the pores of a hollow fiber. As a driving force, a 150 V electric field was applied to facilitate the analyte migration from the sample matrix to an acceptor solution through a supported liquid membrane. The pHs of donor and acceptor solutions were optimized to 6.0 and 2.0, respectively. The enrichment factor was obtained >75 within 15 minutes. The effect of carbon nanotubes (as solid nano-sorbents) on the membrane performance and EME efficiency was evaluated. The method was linear over the range of 10-1000 ng/mL for zolpidem (R2 >0.9991) with repeatability ( %RSD) between 0.3 % and 7.3 % (n = 3). The limits of detection and quantitation were 3 and 10 ng/mL, respectively. The sensitivity of HPLC-UV for the determination of zolpidem was enhanced by electromembrane extraction. Finally, the method was employed for the quantitation of zolpidem in biological samples with relative recoveries in the range of 60-79 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Yaripour
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Isa Esfanjani
- Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roderick B Walker
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Saeed Nojavan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Sedehi S, Tabani H, Nojavan S. Electro-driven extraction of polar compounds using agarose gel as a new membrane: Determination of amino acids in fruit juice and human plasma samples. Talanta 2018; 179:318-325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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In-line coupling of supported liquid membrane extraction to capillary electrophoresis for simultaneous analysis of basic and acidic drugs in urine. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1519:137-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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33
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Nojavan S, Tahmasebi Z, Hosseiny Davarani SS. Effect of type of stirring on hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction and electromembrane extraction of basic drugs: speed up extraction time and enhancement of extraction efficiency. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18798f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In microextraction procedures, the stirring of the donor solution is crucial to speed up the extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Nojavan
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Shahid Beheshti University
- Evin
- Iran
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