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Aly AA, Górecki T. Two-dimensional liquid chromatography with reversed phase in both dimensions: A review. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1721:464824. [PMID: 38522405 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC), and in particular comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC), offers increased peak capacity, resolution and selectivity compared to one-dimensional liquid chromatography. It is commonly accepted that the technique produces the best results when the separation mechanisms in the two dimensions are completely orthogonal; however, the use of similar separation mechanisms in both dimensions has been gaining popularity as it helps avoid difficulties related to mobile phase incompatibility and poor column efficiency. The remarkable advantages of using reversed phase in both dimensions (RPLC×RPLC) over other separation mechanisms made it a promising technique in the separation of complex samples. This review discusses some physical and practical considerations in method development for 2D-LC involving the use of RP in both dimensions. In addition, an extensive overview is presented of different applications that relied on RPLC×RPLC and 2D-LC with reversed phase column combinations to separate components of complex samples in different fields including food analysis, natural product analysis, environmental analysis, proteomics, lipidomics and metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshymaa A Aly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Menia Governorate, Arab Republic of Egypt; Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tadeusz Górecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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2
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Huang J, Li J, Meng W, Su G. A critical review on organophosphate esters in drinking water: Analysis, occurrence, sources, and human health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169663. [PMID: 38159759 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous in the environment. Copious studies assessed OPEs in various environmental media. However, there is limited summative information about OPEs in drinking water. This review provides comprehensive data for the analytical methods, occurrence, sources, and risk assessment of OPEs in drinking water. In general, liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction are the most common methods in the extraction of OPEs from drinking water, while gas chromatography and liquid chromatography are the most commonly used instrumental methods for detecting OPEs in drinking water. On the basis of these techniques, a variety of methods on OPEs pretreatment and determination have been developed to know the pollution situation of OPEs. Studies on the occurrence of OPEs in drinking water show that the total concentrations of OPEs vary seasonally and regionally, with tris(1-chloro-2-isopropyl) phosphate and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate dominant among different kinds of drinking water. Source identification studies show that there are three main sources of OPEs in drinking water: 1) source water contamination; 2) residual in drinking water treatment process; 3) leakage from device or pipeline. Besides, risk assessments indicate that individual and total OPEs pose no or negligible health risk to human, but this result may be significantly underestimated. Finally, the current knowledge gaps on the research of OPEs in drinking water are discussed and some suggestions are provided for future environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Weikun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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3
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Schena T, von Mühlen C. Chromatographic speed classification for liquid chromatography using average theoretical peak time (ATPT). Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342092. [PMID: 38182344 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of analytical techniques in the field of liquid chromatography has brought new frontiers in performance and analytical speed for the technique. The proper evaluation of the analytical boundaries achieved with those developments was not addressed in the literature, since different liquid chromatography (LC) techniques have not yet received any classification regarding their chromatographic speed. Defining chromatographic analysis speed based simply on analysis time is an outdated concept since it is sample and analyte-dependent. In this context, the application of the Average Theoretical Peak Time concept (ATPT) is proposed as a unified metric for chromatographic speed classification. RESULTS This metric was evaluated using PCA analysis in a group of more than 50 publications, which generated the classification of LC methods in normal, high, hyper, and ultra-high-speed separations using ATPT. Normal speed (ATPT values greater than 18000 ms/peak) was found in HPLC, nano-LC, SFC, and CEC methods. Therefore, high-speed methods (ATPT values between 4000 and 18000 ms/peak) were found in UHPLC techniques, while LC × LC methods presented higher ATPT values between 1000 and 4000 ms/peak being classified as hyper-speed separations. ATPT can also be used as an optimization parameter, since older methods show higher ATPT values, while recent published papers show lower values of this metric. This behavior is justified due to the improvement of the LC methods over the years. SIGNIFICANCE This work fulfills the gap in chromatographic definitions and metrics, regarding analytical speed in one-dimensional and multidimensional liquid chromatographic techniques and shows that ATPT metrics is a robust parameter that can be used to classify the separation speed as well as a metric to evaluate the LC Method optimization. It also corrects the historical application of separation time as a metric for chromatographic speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Schena
- Faculty of Technology, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Presidente Dutra highway, km 298, Resende, (RJ), 27537-000, Brazil; LECO Instruments, Av. Das Nações Unidas, 12399 - Cj121B, São Paulo, (SP), 04578-000, Brazil.
| | - Carin von Mühlen
- Faculty of Technology, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Presidente Dutra highway, km 298, Resende, (RJ), 27537-000, Brazil.
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4
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Pérez-Cova M, Platikanov S, Tauler R, Jaumot J. Quantification strategies for two-dimensional liquid chromatography datasets using regions of interest and multivariate curve resolution approaches. Talanta 2022; 247:123586. [PMID: 35671578 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, three chemometrics-based approaches are compared for quantification purposes when using two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC-MS), taking as a study case the quantification of amino acids in commercial drug mixtures. Although the approaches have been already used for one-dimensional gas or liquid chromatography, the main novelty of this work is the demonstration of their applicability to LC×LC-MS datasets. Besides, steps such as peak alignment and modelling, commonly applied in this type of data analysis, are not required with the approaches proposed here. In a first step, regions of interest (ROI) strategy is used for the spectral compression of the LC×LC-MS datasets. Then the first strategy consists of building a calibration curve from the areas obtained in this ROI compression step. Alternatively, the ROI intensity matrices can be used as input for a second analysis step employing the multivariate curve resolution alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) method. The main benefit of MCR-ALS is the resolution of elution and spectral profiles for each of the analytes in the mixture, even in the case of strong coelutions and high signal overlapping. Classical MCR-ALS based calibration curve from the peak areas resolved only applying non-negativity constraints (second strategy) is compared to the results obtained when an area correlation constraint is imposed during the ALS optimization (third strategy). All in all, similar quantification results were achieved by the three approaches but, especially in prediction studies, the more accurate quantification is obtained when the calibration curve is built from the peak areas obtained with MCR-ALS when the area correlation constraint is imposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pérez-Cova
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E08034 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 647, E08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stefan Platikanov
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Jaumot
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Tang L, Swezey RR, Green CE, Lee MS, Bunin DI, Parman T. A tandem liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC/LC-MS/MS) technique to separate and quantify steroid isomers 11β-methyl-19-nortestosterone and testosterone. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1193:123165. [PMID: 35158319 PMCID: PMC9360186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has become a mainstay analytical technique in pharmaceutical research and development and clinical diagnosis due to several advantages including excellent selectivity, specificity, and high sensitivity. LC-MS/MS has become the method of choice for steroids analysis due to its fast analytical time and improved specificity yet has a challenge in the separation and measurement of isomers with the same product ions. Here we describe a high-sensitivity LC/LC-MS/MS method that combines chiral chromatography and reverse-phase chromatography (LC/LC) along with MS/MS to rapidly separate and quantify steroid isomers of 11ß-methyl-19-nortestosterone (11ß-MNT) and endogenous testosterone in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Min S Lee
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Pérez-Cova M, Jaumot J, Tauler R. Untangling comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography data sets using regions of interest and multivariate curve resolution approaches. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Bos TS, Knol WC, Molenaar SR, Niezen LE, Schoenmakers PJ, Somsen GW, Pirok BW. Recent applications of chemometrics in one- and two-dimensional chromatography. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1678-1727. [PMID: 32096604 PMCID: PMC7317490 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of increasingly more sophisticated analytical separation systems, often incorporating increasingly more powerful detection techniques, such as high-resolution mass spectrometry, causes an urgent need for highly efficient data-analysis and optimization strategies. This is especially true for comprehensive two-dimensional chromatography applied to the separation of very complex samples. In this contribution, the requirement for chemometric tools is explained and the latest developments in approaches for (pre-)processing and analyzing data arising from one- and two-dimensional chromatography systems are reviewed. The final part of this review focuses on the application of chemometrics for method development and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijmen S. Bos
- Division of Bioanalytical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and SystemsVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Wouter C. Knol
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Stef R.A. Molenaar
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Leon E. Niezen
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schoenmakers
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Govert W. Somsen
- Division of Bioanalytical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and SystemsVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Bob W.J. Pirok
- Analytical Chemistry Groupvan ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Centre for Analytical Sciences Amsterdam (CASA)AmsterdamThe Netherlands
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8
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Lazzari E, Arena K, Caramão EB, Herrero M. Quantitative analysis of aqueous phases of bio-oils resulting from pyrolysis of different biomasses by two-dimensional comprehensive liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1602:359-367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Arigò A, Rigano F, Micalizzi G, Dugo P, Mondello L. Oxygen heterocyclic compound screening in
Citrus
essential oils by linear retention index approach applied to liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Arigò
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Francesca Rigano
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micalizzi
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition Department of Medicine University Campus Bio‐Medico of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
- Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical, Biological Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition Department of Medicine University Campus Bio‐Medico of Rome Rome Italy
- BeSep s.r.l., c/o Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
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10
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Brandão PF, Duarte AC, Duarte RM. Comprehensive multidimensional liquid chromatography for advancing environmental and natural products research. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Bruni R, Barreca D, Protti M, Brighenti V, Righetti L, Anceschi L, Mercolini L, Benvenuti S, Gattuso G, Pellati F. Botanical Sources, Chemistry, Analysis, and Biological Activity of Furanocoumarins of Pharmaceutical Interest. Molecules 2019; 24:E2163. [PMID: 31181737 PMCID: PMC6600687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to provide a critical review of plant furanocoumarins from different points of view, including their chemistry and biosynthetic pathways to their extraction, analysis, and synthesis, to the main biological activities found for these active compounds, in order to highlight their potential within pharmaceutical science. The limits and the possible improvements needed for research involving these molecules are also highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Bruni
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Lisa Anceschi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Stefania Benvenuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Gattuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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12
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Pirok BWJ, Stoll DR, Schoenmakers PJ. Recent Developments in Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography: Fundamental Improvements for Practical Applications. Anal Chem 2018; 91:240-263. [PMID: 30380827 PMCID: PMC6322149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bob W J Pirok
- University of Amsterdam , van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical-Chemistry Group , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,TI-COAST , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Dwight R Stoll
- Department of Chemistry , Gustavus Adolphus College , Saint Peter , Minnesota 56082 , United States
| | - Peter J Schoenmakers
- University of Amsterdam , van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Analytical-Chemistry Group , Science Park 904 , 1098 XH Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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13
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Navarro-Reig M, Bedia C, Tauler R, Jaumot J. Chemometric Strategies for Peak Detection and Profiling from Multidimensional Chromatography. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700327. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Navarro-Reig
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-34, E08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Carmen Bedia
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-34, E08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Romà Tauler
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-34, E08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Joaquim Jaumot
- Department of Environmental Chemistry; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC); Jordi Girona 18-34, E08034 Barcelona Spain
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14
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Cook DW, Rutan SC. Analysis of Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Data with an Elastic Net Multivariate Curve Resolution Strategy for Sparse Spectral Recovery. Anal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Box
842006, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
| | - Sarah C. Rutan
- Department of Chemistry, Box
842006, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2006, United States
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15
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Montemurro M, Siano GG, Alcaráz MR, Goicoechea HC. Third order chromatographic-excitation–emission fluorescence data: Advances, challenges and prospects in analytical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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