1
|
Li S, Xiao Q, Sun J, Li Z, Zhang M, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Dong H, Jiao Y, Xu F, Zhang P. A new chemical derivatization reagent sulfonyl piperazinyl for the quantification of fatty acids using LC-MS/MS. Talanta 2024; 277:126378. [PMID: 38870757 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In our previous study, a chemical derivatization reagent named 5-(dimethylamino) naphthalene-1-sulfonyl piperazine (Dns-PP) was developed to enhance the chromatographic retention and the mass spectrometric response of free fatty acids (FFAs) in reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (RPLC-ESI-MS). However, Dns-PP exhibited strong preferences for long-chain FFAs, with limited improvement for short- or medium-chain FFAs. In this study, a new series of labeling reagents targeting FFAs were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Among these reagents, Tmt-PP (N2, N2, N4, N4-tetramethyl-6-(4-(piperazin-1-ylsulfonyl) phenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) exhibited the best MS response and was selected for further evaluations. We compared Tmt-PP with Dns-PP and four commonly used carboxyl labeling reagents from existing studies, demonstrating the advantages of Tmt-PP. Further comparisons between Tmt-PP and Dns-PP in measuring FFAs from biological samples revealed that Tmt-PP labeling enhanced the MS response for about 80 % (30/38) of the measured FFAs, particularly for short- and medium-chain FFAs. Moreover, Tmt-PP labeling significantly improved the chromatographic retention of short-chain FFAs. To ensure accurate quantification, we developed a stable isotope-labeled Tmt-PP (i.e., d12-Tmt-PP) to react with chemical standards and serve as one-to-one internal standards (IS). The method was validated for accuracy, precision, sensitivity, linearity, stability, extraction efficiency, as well as matrix effect. Overall, this study introduced a new chemical derivatization reagent Tmt-PP (d12-Tmt-PP), providing a sensitive and accurate option for quantifying FFAs in biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Qinwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jiarui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhaoqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Haijuan Dong
- The Public Laboratory Platform, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yu Jiao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Doliente JE, Langer S, Dickinson MR, Cubas M, Colonese AC, Penkman K, Craig OE. Alkylresorcinol detection and identification in archaeological pottery using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/Orbitrap mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9771. [PMID: 38778666 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alkylresorcinols (AR) are cereal-specific biomarkers and have recently been found in archaeological pots. However, their low concentrations and high susceptibility to degradation make them difficult to detect using conventional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Here we describe the development of a more sensitive liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) method to detect these compounds. METHOD A method based on the use of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to an Orbitrap mass analyser was established and validated for the detection of low-concentration ARs in pottery. During the preliminary experiments, UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap MS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/Orbitrap mass spectrometry) was demonstrated to be more sensitive, and a wide range of AR homologues in cereal extracts were detected, unlike UHPLC-QTOFMS (ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry) and GC/MS. The developed method was utilised to profile AR homologue distribution in modern cereal samples and reanalyse AR-containing pots from the archaeological site of Must Farm. RESULTS A highly sensitive LC/MS method with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.02 μg/g and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.06 μg/g was used to profile ARs in five modern cereal grains. The obtained LOD is 250 times lower than that obtained using the conventional GC/MS approach. AR 21:0 was the most abundant homologue in all four Triticum spp.-einkorn, emmer, Khorasan wheat and common wheat. Meanwhile, AR 25:0 was the predominant homologue in barley, potentially enabling differentiation between wheat and barley. The developed LC/MS-based method was successfully used to analyse ARs extracted from Must Farm potsherds and identified the cereal species most likely processed in the pots-emmer wheat. CONCLUSION The described method offers an alternative and more sensitive approach for detecting and identifying ARs in ancient pottery. It has been successfully utilised to detect AR homologues in archaeological samples and discriminate which cereal species-wheat and barley-were processed in the pots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonica Ella Doliente
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Prehistory, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Swen Langer
- Department of Biology, Bioscience Technology Facility, University of York, York, UK
- Centre of Excellence in Mass Spectrometry, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Miriam Cubas
- Department of History and Philosophy, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - André C Colonese
- Department of Prehistory, Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Oliver E Craig
- BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jankech T, Gerhardtova I, Majerova P, Piestansky J, Jampilek J, Kovac A. Derivatization of carboxylic groups prior to their LC analysis - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1300:342435. [PMID: 38521569 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids (CAs) represent a large group of important molecules participating in various biologically significant processes. Analytical study of these compounds is typically performed by liquid chromatography (LC) combined with various types of detection. However, their analysis is often accompanied by a wide variety of problems depending on used separation system or detection method. The dominant ones are: i) poor chromatographic behavior of the CAs in reversed-phase LC; ii) absence of a chromophore (or fluorophore); iii) weak ionization in mass spectrometry (MS). To overcome these problems, targeted chemical modification, and derivatization, come into play. Therefore, derivatization still plays an important and, in many cases, irreplaceable role in sample preparation, and new derivatization methods of CAs are constantly being developed. The most commonly used type of reaction for CAs derivatization is amidation. In recent years, an increased interest in the isotopic labeling derivatization method has been observed. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the possibilities and actual trends in the derivatization of CAs that have been published over the past decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timotej Jankech
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Gerhardtova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Majerova
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Piestansky
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Galenic Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Andrej Kovac
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chien HJ, Zheng YF, Wang WC, Kuo CY, Hsu YM, Lai CC. Determination of adulteration, geographical origins, and species of food by mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:2273-2323. [PMID: 35652168 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food adulteration, mislabeling, and fraud, are rising global issues. Therefore, a number of precise and reliable analytical instruments and approaches have been proposed to ensure the authenticity and accurate labeling of food and food products by confirming that the constituents of foodstuffs are of the kind and quality claimed by the seller and manufacturer. Traditional techniques (e.g., genomics-based methods) are still in use; however, emerging approaches like mass spectrometry (MS)-based technologies are being actively developed to supplement or supersede current methods for authentication of a variety of food commodities and products. This review provides a critical assessment of recent advances in food authentication, including MS-based metabolomics, proteomics and other approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ju Chien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Feng Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Kuo
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center For Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui J, Zhang J, Sun S, Fan W, Xi H, Xu X, Ji L, Zhang S, Wang D, Zhao W. Rapid and sensitive determination of free fatty acids based on in-source microdroplet-driven derivatization coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341717. [PMID: 37709460 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and sensitive measurements of free fatty acids (FFAs) in biological samples are valuable for diagnosing and prognosing diseases. In this study, an in-source microdroplet derivation strategy combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry was developed to analyze FFAs in lipid extracts of biological samples directly. FFAs were rapidly derivated with 2-picolylamine (PA) in the microdroplet which is derived by electrospray. With the proposed method, twelve typical FFAs were determined reliably with high sensitivity and acceptable linearities (R2 ≥ 0.94). The LODs and LOQs for the twelve FFAs were 9-76 pg mL-1 and 30-253 pg mL-1, respectively. The developed method was applied to analyze the alteration of FFAs in liver and kidney samples of rats induced by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure. The good results demonstrate that the established analysis technique is dependable and has promising applications in detecting FFAs associated with complex biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Cui
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jianxun Zhang
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shihao Sun
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wu Fan
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hui Xi
- The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiujuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Lingbo Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Dingzhong Wang
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; The Key Laboratory of Tobacco Flavor Basic Research of CNTC, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- Flavor Research Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Center of Advanced Analysis and Gene Sequencing, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Geddes da Filicaia E, Evershed RP, Peggie DA. Review of recent advances on the use of mass spectrometry techniques for the study of organic materials in painted artworks. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1246:340575. [PMID: 36764767 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study of painted artworks using scientific methods is fundamental for understanding the techniques used in their creation and their appropriate conservation. The ethical constraints involved in the handling of, and sampling from, these objects has steered recent developments in the field of Heritage science towards a range of new non-invasive/non-destructive spectroscopic techniques capable of providing important insights into their elemental or bulk chemical compositions. Due to the inherent complexities of heritage artefacts, however, their organic components are especially difficult to study in this way and their identification and degradation pathways are thus often best investigated using mass spectrometric (MS) techniques. The versatility, sensitivity and specificity of MS techniques are constantly increasing, with technological advances pushing the boundaries of their use in this field. The progress in the past ten years in the use of MS techniques for the analysis of paint media are described in the present review. While some historical context is included, the body of the review is structured around the five most widely used or emerging capabilities offered by MS. The first pertains to the use of spatially resolved MS to obtain chemical maps of components in cross-sections, which may yield information on both inorganic and organic materials, while the second area describes the development of novel sample preparation approaches for gas chromatography (GC)-MS to allow simultaneous analysis of a variety of components. The third focuses on thermally assisted analysis (either with direct MS or coupled with GC-MS), a powerful tool for studying macromolecules requiring zero (or minimal) sample pre-treatment. Subsequently, the use of soft ionisation techniques often combined with high-resolution MS for the study of peptides (proteomics) and other macromolecules (such as oligosaccharides and triglycerides) is outlined. The fifth area covers the advances in radiocarbon dating of painting components with accelerator MS (AMS). Lastly, future applications of other MS techniques to the study of paintings are mentioned; such as direct analysis in real time MS (DART-MS) and stable isotope ratio MS (IRMS). The latter, having proven its efficiency for the study of lipids in archaeological artefacts, is envisioned to become a valuable tool for this area, whereas DART-MS is already being utilised to study the surface composition of various museum objects. Rapid technological advances, resulting in increased sensitivity and selectivity of MS techniques, are opening up new approaches for paintings analysis, overcoming the fundamental hurdle of sample size available for destructive analysis. Importantly, while the last decade has seen proteomics applications come to the fore, this review aims to emphasise the wider potential of advanced MS techniques for the study of painting materials and their conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Geddes da Filicaia
- Scientific Department, National Gallery, Trafalgar Square, London, WC2N 5DN, UK; Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1T, UK.
| | - Richard P Evershed
- Organic Geochemistry Unit, Bristol Biogeochemistry Research Centre, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1T, UK
| | - David A Peggie
- Scientific Department, National Gallery, Trafalgar Square, London, WC2N 5DN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guo Q, Li T, Qu Y, Liang M, Ha Y, Zhang Y, Wang Q. New research development on trans fatty acids in food: Biological effects, analytical methods, formation mechanism, and mitigating measures. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101199. [PMID: 36402189 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The trans fatty acids (TFAs) in food are mainly generated from the ruminant animals (meat and milk) and processed oil or oil products. Excessive intake of TFAs (>1% of total energy intake) caused more than 500,000 deaths from coronary heart disease and increased heart disease risk by 21% and mortality by 28% around the world annually, which will be eliminated in industrially-produced trans fat from the global food supply by 2023. Herein, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the biological effects, analytical methods, formation and mitigation measures of TFAs in food. Especially, the research progress on the rapid, easy-to-use, and newly validated analytical methods, new formation mechanism, kinetics, possible mitigation mechanism, and new or improved mitigation measures are highlighted. We also offer perspectives on the challenges, opportunities, and new directions for future development, which will contribute to the advances in TFAs research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China.
| | - Tian Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Yang Qu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Manzhu Liang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Yiming Ha
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100194, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang L, Li N, Chen S, Bian X, Farag MA, Ge Y, Xiao J, Wu JL. Carboxyl-containing compounds in food: Category, functions, and analysis with chemical derivatization-based LC-MS. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
9
|
Bhattacharya P, Abualnaja KM, Javed S. Theoretical Studies, Spectroscopic Investigation, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics and MMGBSA Calculations with 2-Hydrazinoquinoline. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
10
|
Pinna D, Bracci S, Magrini D, Salvadori B, Andreotti A, Colombini MP. Deterioration and discoloration of historical protective treatments on marble. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:20694-20710. [PMID: 34741740 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study integrates the complex research conducted on the sources of brown discolorations that occur on marble statues (fifteenth century) of the Church of Orsanmichele in Florence (Italy). They underwent conservative interventions in the past and the brownish discolorations on their surfaces strongly altered the clear tone of the marble. In this study, Carrara marble model specimens were treated with organic and inorganic substances (non-pasteurised milk; linseed oil; walnut oil; ammonium oxalate; microcrystalline wax; beeswax; milk + linseed oil; and milk + ammonium oxalate + linseed oil) to simulate their effects on the stone. Some of the substances were commonly used in the past (as on the Orsanmichele statues) but most of them are still used in many countries. The treated specimens were exposed to natural and artificial ageing. The main results of the research were (i) the specimens treated with linseed oil, milk + linseed oil, and milk + linseed oil + ammonium oxalate showed a severe change of colour after either artificial or natural ageing; (ii) an extensive polymerisation of the organic substances occurred; (iii) calcium oxalate and several oxidised diacylglycerols (DAGs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were the last chemical products of the oxidation processes induced by ageing; (iv) Maillard reaction, producing brownish coloration, likely occurred in specimens containing milk as a result of the interaction between sugars and proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pinna
- Chemistry Department, University of Bologna, via Guaccimanni 42, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Susanna Bracci
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council, via Madonna del piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Donata Magrini
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council, via Madonna del piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Barbara Salvadori
- Institute of Heritage Science, National Research Council, via Madonna del piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessia Andreotti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Perla Colombini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi 13, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Esposito G, Sciuto S, Cocco C, Ru G, Acutis PL. Development of a screening method to rapidly discriminate extravirgin olive oil from other edible vegetable oil by means of direct sample analysis with high resolution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:686-692. [PMID: 35153311 PMCID: PMC8814155 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05063-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil is the highest quality olive oil mainly due to its beneficial constituents and nutritional properties. However, olive oil adulteration is a common fraudulent practice by deliberate mislabelling of less expensive oil categories and admixing expensive olive oils with low oils. To protect consumers from such commercial frauds, an easy and fast method to detect the real composition of oil is needed. For this study we used direct sampling analysis (DSA) coupled with a high-resolution mass spectrometer (AxION2 TOF Perkin Elmer) to analyse the fatty acid composition of three types of edible oil: extra virgin olive oil, refined olive oil and seed oil (EVOO, ROO, and SO respectively) to find a marker that could distinguish between them. Good precision in repeatability and reproducibility (RSD% < 15%) was obtained. The fatty acid ratio between the oleic acid/oleic acid dimer was able to distinguish EVOO from the other two types of oil, while the ratio between linoleic and oleic acid was found to discriminate refined oil from seed oil. The development of an easy, fast and cost-effective method can help to limit commercial frauds, increase the number of controlled samples, and enhance food control along the commercial chain. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-021-05063-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Esposito
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Sciuto
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Cinzia Cocco
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ru
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- grid.425427.20000 0004 1759 3180Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria E Valle D’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Luo Y, Xu Y, Yu X, Yan A, Lan G, Liu F, Wan Y. Analysis of three emulsifiers of diglyceride in milk by ultra performance liquid chromatography – Evaporative light scattering detector. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2021.1968428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Aiping Yan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Guo Lan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Yiqun Wan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiao X, He C, Zhou P, Chen F, Wang C. Pre-column derivatization and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS determination of fatty acids in Sargassum fusiforme algae. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-01026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
14
|
Wang X, Ruan H, Zong Z, Mao F, Wang Y, Jiao Y, Xu L, Yang T, Li W, Liu X. A simulated strategy for analysis of Short- to Long- chain fatty acids in mouse serum beyond chemical standards. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1180:122895. [PMID: 34403913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Broadening coverage in fatty acid (FA) analysis benefits the understanding of metabolic regulation in biological system. However, the limited access of chemical standards makes it challenging. In this work, we introduced a simulation assisted strategy to analyze short-, medium-, long- and very-long-chain fatty acids beyond the use of chemical standards. This targeted analysis in selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode incorporated 3-nitrophenylhydrazine derivatization and mathematical simulation of ion transitions, collision energies, RF values and retention times to identify and quantify the fatty acids without chemical standards. Serum analysis using high resolution mass spectrometry coupled with paired labeling was employed to refine the computational retention times. Based on the simulation, 116 free fatty acids from C1 to C24 were covered in a single analysis on use of 34 standard chemicals. Background interference is commonly observed in fatty acid analysis. For certain fatty acids, e.g. acetic acid or palmitic acid, reliable quantitation is largely restricted by contamination level instead of detection limit. Therefore, the background interference and quantifiable serum volume required for each fatty acid were also evaluated. At least 20 µL serum was suggested to cover most molecules. Using this approach, a total of 66 free fatty acids with various chain lengths and saturations were detected in NTCP knockout mice serum, of which 34 FAs were confirmed by chemical standards and 32 FAs were potentially assigned based on the simulation. Gender dependent fatty acid regulation was observed by NTCP knockout. This work provides a unique strategy that enables to broaden the fatty acid coverage with the absence of chemical standards and is applicable to other derivatizations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; National Protein Science Facility (Beijing), Tsinghua University, China
| | - Huabin Ruan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; National Protein Science Facility (Beijing), Tsinghua University, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zong
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Fengfeng Mao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yusong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; National Protein Science Facility (Beijing), Tsinghua University, China
| | - Yupei Jiao
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; National Protein Science Facility (Beijing), Tsinghua University, China
| | - Lina Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; National Protein Science Facility (Beijing), Tsinghua University, China
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; National Protein Science Facility (Beijing), Tsinghua University, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China; National Protein Science Facility (Beijing), Tsinghua University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Espinosa-Dzib A, Vyazovkin S. Nanoconfined gelation in systems based on stearic and 12-hydroxystearic acids: A calorimetric study. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
16
|
Zhao X, He Y, Chen J, Zhang J, Chen L, Wang B, Wu C, Yuan Y. Identification and direct determination of fatty acids profile in oleic acid by HPLC-CAD and MS-IT-TOF. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114238. [PMID: 34273659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oleic acid is a pharmaceutical excipient and has been widely used in many dosage forms. It remains unclear in terms of the fatty acids (FAs) profile. In this study, a sensitive and direct method based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD) was developed to study the compositions of oleic acid. The chromatographic conditions were optimized to achieve good separation and high sensitivity. The components of oleic acid were identified by ion trap/time of flight mass spectrometry (MS-IT-TOF). Twenty-seven FAs were identified based on the exact mass-to-charge ratio and fragments, among which 13 FAs were confirmed with the reference standards. Nine FAs in the oleic acid samples including oleic acid, linolenic acid, myristic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid and behenic acid were simultaneously determined by the developed HPLC-CAD, which showed good linearity with r2>0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 9 FAs were 0.006-0.1 μg mL-1 and 0.032-0.22 μg mL-1, respectively. The components with concentration level not less than 0.03 % (referring to the sample concentration of 1.0 mg mL-1) can be quantified. The mean recovery values of 9 FAs ranged from 96.5%-103.6% at three concentration levels of 80 %, 100 % and 120 %. The repeatability and intermediate precision were less than 5.0 % for oleic acid and components with concentration levels more than 0.05 %. In contrast to the conventional pre-column derivatization gas chromatography (GC), HPLC-CAD could unbiasedly and directly detect more components, especially the FAs with long carbon chains. Overall, the developed novel HPLC-CAD method can ameliorate the deficiency of the indirect GC method recorded in current pharmacopeias, thus having great potential for the comprehensive understanding and quality control of oleic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhao
- Chemical Laboratory Second Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute for Drug and Food Control, Nanjing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical Drugs, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzi He
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jungen Chen
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Lei Chen
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Baocheng Wang
- Nanjing Well Pharmaceutical Co., LTD., Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyong Wu
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yaozuo Yuan
- Chemical Laboratory Second Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute for Drug and Food Control, Nanjing, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Impurity Profile of Chemical Drugs, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
La Nasa J, Modugno F, Degano I. Liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry for the analysis of acylglycerols in art and archeology. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:381-407. [PMID: 32643188 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lipid characterization in art and archeology, together with the study of lipid degradation processes, is an important research area in heritage science. Lipid-based materials have been used as food since ancient times, but also employed as illuminants and as ingredients in cosmetic, ritual, and pharmaceutical preparations. Both animal and plant lipids have also been processed to produce materials used in art and crafts, such as paint binders, varnishes, waterproofing agents, and coatings. Identifying the origin of the lipid materials is challenging when they are found in association with artistic historical objects. This is due to the inherent complex composition of lipids, their widespread occurrence, and the chemical alterations induced by ageing. The most common approach for lipid characterization in heritage objects entails profiling fatty acids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after saponification or transesterification. New developments in high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) for the characterization of acylglycerols, together with more efficient sample treatments, have fostered the introduction of liquid chromatography for characterizing the lipid profile in heritage objects. This review reports the latest developments and applications of HPLC-MS for the characterization of lipid materials in the field of heritage science. We describe the various approaches for sample pretreatment and highlight the advantages and limitations of HPLC-MS in the analysis of paint and archeological samples. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo La Nasa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mattarozzi M, Riboni N, Maffini M, Scarpella S, Bianchi F, Careri M. Reversed-phase and weak anion-exchange mixed-mode stationary phase for fast separation of medium-, long- and very long chain free fatty acids by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1648:462209. [PMID: 34000595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two commercial stationary phases allowing both reversed phase mechanism and anion-exchange with different selectivity, i.e. CSH C18 and Atlantis PREMIER BEH C18 AX, were tested for the separation of a complex mixture of 21 fatty acids (FAs) encompassing saturated medium-, long- and very long chain FAs, unsaturated long and very long chain FAs, cis/trans isomers, and isomers of odd- and branched-chain FAs. For this purpose, the role of surface area of stationary phase and the effect of pH of the mobile phase on the retention of the analytes were investigated. Separation was performed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). BEH C18 AX was shown to be more versatile and to offer superior retention of these analytes to CSH C18 owing to a higher surface area and anion-exchange capacity up to pH 8.5. The UHPLC system allows shortening analysis time, the chromatographic analysis being accomplished in about 5 min, affording a high throughput of samples without the need for derivatization or ion-pairing reagents compared to techniques based upon gas chromatography approaches or LC. Finally, the application of the BEH C18 AX column using UHPLC-HRMS was demonstrated for the separation and unambiguous identification of FAs of nutritional interest in a dietary supplement sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mattarozzi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Nicolò Riboni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Monica Maffini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Simona Scarpella
- Waters SPA, Viale T. Edison 110, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Maria Careri
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu XM, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Zeng BQ, Zhang JW, Feng XS. Progress in Pretreatment and Analysis of Fatty Acids in Foods: An Update since 2012. SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2019.1673776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ben-Qing Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People’s Hospital of Longquanyi District, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Analysis of mono-, di-, triacylglycerols, and fatty acids in food emulsifiers by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMono- and diacylglycerols (MG/DG) of fatty acids (FA), known as emulsifiers of the type E 471, are food additives used to adjust techno-functional properties of various foodstuffs. These emulsifiers, however, are not defined single compounds but comprise, in addition to MG and DG, other constituents such as FA, triacylglycerols (TG), and glycerol. Although the emulsifiers’ compositions affect techno-functional properties of the food, knowledge of the composition is scarcely available, and the emulsifiers and their dosage are generally chosen empirically. Thus, a simple and rather inexpensive method for the simultaneous determination of FA, 1-MG, 2-MG, 1,2-DG, 1,3-DG, and TG by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry including a straightforward quantitation strategy has been developed. Reversed-phase chromatography with gradient elution offered adequate separation of 29 considered analytes within 21 peaks, while mass-selective detection provided their unequivocal identification. The quantitation strategy based on calibration just with the C16:0 representatives of each lipid class and a corresponding response factor system has proven to provide reliable results. The determined concentrations of different mixtures comprising varying compositions and concentrations of C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1 components of each lipid class deviated < 20% (n = 351) from the respective target concentrations. Limits of decision were determined to 0.3–0.8 mg/L and limits of quantitation to 0.8–1.7 mg/L, expressed as C16:0 representatives. Application of the method to various E 471 emulsifiers provided detailed data on their chemical compositions, and calculated FA compositions matched very well those determined by common methods such as gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.
Collapse
|
21
|
Free Saturated Oxo Fatty Acids (SOFAs) and Ricinoleic Acid in Milk Determined by a Liquid Chromatography-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) Method. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11010046. [PMID: 33440625 PMCID: PMC7828063 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized saturated fatty acids, containing a hydroxyl or an oxo functionality, have attracted little attention so far. Recent studies have shown that saturated hydroxy fatty acids, which exhibit cancer cell growth inhibition and may suppress β-cell apoptosis, are present in milk. Herein, we present the application of a liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for the detection and quantification of various saturated oxo fatty acids (SOFAs) previously unrecognized in milk. This robust and rapid analytical method, which involves simple sample preparation and a single 10-min run, revealed the presence of families of oxostearic acids (OSAs) and oxopalmitic acids (OPAs) in milk. 8OSA, 9OSA, 7OSA, 10OSA and 10OPA were found to be the most abundant SOFAs in both cow and goat milk. Higher contents of SOFAs were found in cow milk in comparison to goat milk. Together with SOFAs, ricinoleic acid, which is isobaric to OSA, was detected and quantified in all milk samples, following a “suspect” HRMS analysis approach. This unique natural fatty acid, which is the main component (>90%) of castor oil triglycerides, was estimated at mean content values of 534.3 ± 6.0 μg/mL and 460 ± 8.1 μg/mL in cow and goat milk samples, respectively.
Collapse
|
22
|
Kokotou MG, Mantzourani C, Bourboula A, Mountanea OG, Kokotos G. A Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) Method for the Determination of Free Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Cow and Goat Milk. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173947. [PMID: 32872426 PMCID: PMC7504762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) method for the direct determination of various saturated hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) in milk was developed for the first time. The method involves mild sample preparation conditions, avoids time-consuming derivatization procedures, and permits the simultaneous determination of 19 free HFAs in a single 10-min run. This method was validated and applied in 17 cow milk and 12 goat milk samples. This work revealed the existence of various previously unrecognized hydroxylated positional isomers of palmitic acid and stearic acid in both cow and goat milk, expanding our knowledge on the lipidome of milk. The most abundant free HFAs in cow milk were proven to be 7-hydroxystearic acid (7HSA) and 10-hydroxystearic acid (10HSA) (mean content values of 175.1 ± 3.4 µg/mL and 72.4 ± 6.1 µg/mL in fresh milk, respectively). The contents of 7HSA in cow milk seem to be substantially higher than those in goat milk.
Collapse
|
23
|
Qian Y, Rudzińska M, Grygier A, Przybylski R. Determination of Triacylglycerols by HTGC-FID as a Sensitive Tool for the Identification of Rapeseed and Olive Oil Adulteration. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173881. [PMID: 32858832 PMCID: PMC7504275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TGs) are the most common compounds in food lipids, accounting for 95% of the weight of edible oils. The aim of this study was to scrutinize a procedure for quantitatively assessing possible adulteration of olive and rapeseed oil through GC-FID analysis of TGs. The recovery of TG standards ranged from 21% to 148%, and the relative response factor (RRF) ranged from 0.42 to 2.28. The limits of detection were in the range of 0.001 to 0.330 µg/mL, and the limits of quantitation from 0.001 to 1.000 µg/mL. The validated method was used to determine the TGs in olive oil (OO), refined rapeseed oil (RRO), and their blends. Eight TGs were detected in refined rapeseed oil, and 10 in olive oil. The addition of 1% of olive oil to rapeseed oil or vice versa can be detected using this method. Three triacylglycerols were pinpointed as indicators of adulteration of rapeseed oil with olive oil (PPO, PPL, PSO). The method described here can be used for controlling the quality of these oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qian
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.R.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-0048-618-487-276
| | - Magdalena Rudzińska
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Grygier
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.R.); (A.G.)
| | - Roman Przybylski
- University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Lioupi A, Nenadis N, Theodoridis G. Virgin olive oil metabolomics: A review. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1150:122161. [PMID: 32505112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Metabolomics involvement in the study of foods is steadily growing. Such a rise is a consequence of the increasing demand in the food sector to address challenges regarding the issues of food safety, quality, and authenticity in a more comprehensive way. Virgin olive oil (VOO) is a key product of the Mediterranean diet, with a globalized consumer interest as it may be associated with various nutritional and health benefits. Despite the strict legislation to protect this high added-value agricultural commodity and offer guarantees to consumers and honest producers, there are still analytical issues needing to be further addressed. Thus, this review aims to present the efforts made using targeted and untargeted metabolomics approaches, namely nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry-based techniques (mainly LC/GC-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Case-studies focusing on geographical/varietal classification and detection of adulteration are discussed with regards to the identification of possible markers. The advantages and limitations of each of the aforementioned techniques applied to VOO analysis are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Lioupi
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece; FoodOmicsGR Research Infrastructure, AUTh Node, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Nenadis
- FoodOmicsGR Research Infrastructure, AUTh Node, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Theodoridis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Biomic AUTh, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece; FoodOmicsGR Research Infrastructure, AUTh Node, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center B1.4, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, GR 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Development of a Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Milk. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071548. [PMID: 32231035 PMCID: PMC7181243 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The determination of free fatty acids (FFAs) in milk is of importance for quality control, legislative purposes, authentication and product development. We present herein a liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry method for the direct determination of FFAs in milk. The method involves mild sample preparation, avoids time-consuming derivatization and allows the direct quantification of twenty-two FFAs in a 10-min single run. It was validated and applied in thirteen cow milk and seven goat milk samples. Saturated fatty acids C16:0, C18:0 and unsaturated C18:1 (n-9) were found to be the major components of milk FFAs at concentrations of 33.1 ± 8.2 μg/mL, 16.5 ± 5.3 μg/mL and 14.8 ± 3.8 μg/mL, respectively, in cow milk and at concentrations of 22.8 ± 1.8 μg/mL, 12.7 ± 2.8 μg/mL and 13.3 ± 0.3 μg/mL, respectively, in goat milk. Other saturated and unsaturated FFAs were found in significantly lower quantities. Saturated fatty acids C6:0, C8:0 and C10:0 were found in higher quantities in goat milk than in cow milk. The levels of the important (for human health) odd-chain FFAs C15:0 and C17:0 were estimated in cow and goat milk.
Collapse
|
27
|
Cardona Jaramillo JEC, Carrillo Bautista MP, Alvarez Solano OA, Achenie LEK, González Barrios AF. Impact of the Mode of Extraction on the Lipidomic Profile of Oils Obtained from Selected Amazonian Fruits. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E329. [PMID: 31374835 PMCID: PMC6722717 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oils and fats are important raw materials in food products, animal feed, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals among others. The market today is dominated by oils derive, d from African palm, soybean, oilseed and animal fats. Colombia's Amazon region has endemic palms such as Euterpe precatoria (açai), Oenocarpus bataua (patawa), and Mauritia flexuosa (buriti) which grow in abundance and produce a large amount of ethereal extract. However, as these oils have never been used for any economic purpose, little is known about their chemical composition or their potential as natural ingredients for the cosmetics or food industries. In order to fill this gap, we decided to characterize the lipids present in the fruits of these palms. We began by extracting the oils using mechanical and solvent-based approaches. The oils were evaluated by quantifying the quality indices and their lipidomic profiles. The main components of these profiles were triglycerides, followed by diglycerides, fatty acids, acylcarnitine, ceramides, ergosterol, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and sphingolipids. The results suggest that solvent extraction helped increase the diglyceride concentration in the three analyzed fruits. Unsaturated lipids were predominant in all three fruits and triolein was the most abundant compound. Characterization of the oils provides important insights into the way they might behave as potential ingredients of a range of products. The sustainable use of these oils may have considerable economic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Erika Cristina Cardona Jaramillo
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes. Carrera 1E No. 19 A 40 Edificio Mario Laserna, 19A-40 Bogotá, Colombia.
- Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas Sinchi. Calle 20 # 5-44 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - Oscar Alberto Alvarez Solano
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes. Carrera 1E No. 19 A 40 Edificio Mario Laserna, 19A-40 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luke E K Achenie
- Multiscale and Multiphysics Modeling Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University), 298 Goodwin Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Andrés Fernando González Barrios
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes. Carrera 1E No. 19 A 40 Edificio Mario Laserna, 19A-40 Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
In-depth lipidomic analysis of tri-, di-, and mono-acylglycerols released from milk fat after in vitro digestion. Food Chem 2019; 297:124976. [PMID: 31253293 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.124976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat is arguably one of the most complex fats found in nature and varies widely between animal species. Analysis of its digestion products is tremendously challenging, due to the complexity, diversity, and large range of concentrations of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and their digestion products (i.e. diacylglycerols (DAGs), monoacylglycerols (MAGs), and free fatty acids (FFAs)). Therefore, a method combined the solid phase extraction (SPE), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and multi-dimension mass spectrometry (MDMS) was developed to identify and semi-quantify the TAGs, DAGs and MAGs in milk fat after in vitro digestion. Up to 105, 64, 14 and 30 species of TAGs, DAGs, MAGs, and FFAs were determined with their concentrations of 0.01-22.3, 0.01-39.2, 0.01-47.8, and 0.04-191.0 mg/g fat, respectively, during the in vitro digestion of cow and sheep milk. The validation of the method shows that this method was precise and reliable.
Collapse
|
29
|
Balgoma D, Guitton Y, Evans JJ, Le Bizec B, Dervilly-Pinel G, Meynier A. Modeling the fragmentation patterns of triacylglycerides in mass spectrometry allows the quantification of the regioisomers with a minimal number of standards. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1057:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
30
|
Modugno F, Di Gianvincenzo F, Degano I, van der Werf ID, Bonaduce I, van den Berg KJ. On the influence of relative humidity on the oxidation and hydrolysis of fresh and aged oil paints. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5533. [PMID: 30940852 PMCID: PMC6445089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41893-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern oil paintings are affected by conservation issues related to the oil paint formulations and to the fact that they are often unvarnished, and in direct contact with the environment. Understanding the evolution of the molecular composition of modern oil paint during ageing, under the influence of environmental factors, is fundamental for a better knowledge of degradation phenomena and risk factors affecting modern art. We investigated for the first time the influence of relative humidity on the chemical composition of modern oil paints during curing and artificial ageing. For this purpose, modern oil paint layers naturally aged for 10 years were further artificially aged in low and high relative humidity conditions. Moreover, the influence of RH% on the curing of fresh paint layers was studied. The paints used in the experiments are from three suppliers (Old Holland, Winsor&Newton, and Talens), and contain cadmium or cadmium zinc sulfide as main pigment. The changes in the composition of extracts of paint samples were investigated by direct electrospray mass spectrometry with a quadrupole-time of flight mass analyser (ESI-Q-ToF). The obtained mass spectral data were interpreted by means of principal component analysis (PCA) operated on a data set containing the relative abundance of ions associated to significant molecules present in the extracts, and also by calculating the ratios between the signals relative to fatty acids, dicarboxylic acids and acylglycerols, related to hydrolysis and oxidation phenomena. The same paint samples were also analysed, in bulk, by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), achieving chemical information on the total lipid fraction. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) ESI-Q-ToF was carried out for the characterisation of the profile of free fatty acids (FFA) and acylglycerols, defining the nature of the oils used in the paint formulations, and for the determination of the degree of hydrolysis. This study demonstrated that relative humidity conditions significantly influence the chemical composition of the paints. Ageing under high RH% conditions produced an increase of the formation of dicarboxylic acids compared to ageing under low RH%, for all paints, in addition to a higher degree of hydrolysis, followed by evaporation of free fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, IT, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Di Gianvincenzo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, IT, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353, Copenhagen, DK, Denmark
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, IT, Italy
| | - Inez Dorothé van der Werf
- Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, NL, The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Bonaduce
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, IT, Italy
| | - Klaas Jan van den Berg
- Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands, Hobbemastraat 22, 1071 ZC, Amsterdam, NL, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu LX, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Yang GJ, Feng XS. The Application of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography in Food Quality and Food Safety: An Overview. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:136-160. [PMID: 30900462 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1586520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-xia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-jian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
La Nasa J, Lee J, Degano I, Burnstock A, van den Berg KJ, Ormsby B, Bonaduce I. The role of the polymeric network in the water sensitivity of modern oil paints. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3467. [PMID: 30837542 PMCID: PMC6400961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39963-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analytical techniques were used to characterise two naturally aged Winsor & Newton (W&N) Winsor Green (phthalocyanine green, PG7) artists' oil colour paint swatches dating to 1993 and 2003. Infrared and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis indicated that the swatches were of closely similar composition, yet the swatch from 2003 was water-sensitive whilst the swatch from 1993 was not. Water-sensitivity is a conservation challenge associated with significant numbers of modern oil paintings and this study aimed to further develop our understanding of the molecular causes of water sensitivity. SEM elemental mapping of samples taken from both swatches provided no indication for the formation of epsomite - a known cause of water sensitivity in some modern oil paintings. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) also revealed very similar qualitative-quantitative composition in terms of unbound and esterified medium fractions. The polymeric network was investigated using analytical pyrolysis. A combination of flash pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) together with evolved gas analysis mass spectrometry (EGA-MS) revealed that the polymeric material was relatively more abundant in the non-water-sensitive paint. This is the first multi-analytical study that has demonstrated a correlation between water-sensitivity and the degree of polymerisation of the oil medium; independent of other known causes of water-sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo La Nasa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi, 13-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Judith Lee
- Conservation Department, Tate, Millbank, London, SW1P 4RG, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi, 13-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Aviva Burnstock
- Courtauld Institute of Art, Somerset House, Strand, London, WC2R 0RN, United Kingdom
| | - Klaas Jan van den Berg
- Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE), Hobbemastraat 22, 1071, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bronwyn Ormsby
- Conservation Department, Tate, Millbank, London, SW1P 4RG, United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Bonaduce
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, via Moruzzi, 13-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rapid and direct determination of fatty acids and glycerides profiles in Schisandra chinensis oil by using UPLC-Q/TOF-MS E. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1104:157-167. [PMID: 30476796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids and glycerides are globally accepted quality and nutrition indicators of oils. Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) is a good functional oil source, with an oil content of 10-50% (dry weight). In this study, the UPLC-Q/TOF-MSE technique was developed to profile FFA and glycerides in the S. chinensis oils directly. The results showed that all of the 36 FFA calibration equations of the mixture standard had good linear relationships (R2 > 0.99). The limit of detection for the tested compounds ranged from 0.0001 to 0.0200 μg/mL, while the limit of quantification ranged from 0.0005 to 0.1300 μg/mL. In total, seventeen FFAs, six diglycerides and 20 triglycerides were identified. Linoleic, oleic, stearic and palmitic acids were the most abundant FFAs in the S. chinensis oils. It was also found that S. chinensis oil is rich in the L-L, L-L-L, O-L-L and O-L-O glycerides. These results will be helpful for the use of this technique in physicochemical evaluation and for further application development.
Collapse
|
34
|
La Nasa J, Lucejko JJ, Humpf HU, Ribechini E. Advancements in the chemical structures of Ergot acyl glycerides by high performances liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
35
|
Lucejko JJ, La Nasa J, Porta F, Vanzetti A, Tanda G, Mangiaracina CF, Corretti A, Colombini MP, Ribechini E. Long-lasting ergot lipids as new biomarkers for assessing the presence of cereals and cereal products in archaeological vessels. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3935. [PMID: 29500428 PMCID: PMC5834523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22140-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cereals were very important in ancient diets, however evidence from archaeological sites of the vessels used for processing or storing cereals is comparatively rare. Micro-organisms, as well as chemical-physical effects can easily degrade cereals during the burial period. This can lead to a complete cereal decay and to serious difficulties in estimating the intensity of use of the cereals by ancient populations. Here, we present a novel biomarker approach entailing the detection of secondary lipid metabolites produced by ergot fungi (genus Claviceps), which are common cereal pests. The aim was to identify the original presence of Gramineae and to indirectly establish if vessels were used for cereal storage/processing. The fatty acid and TAG-estolide profiles of the remains from more than 30 archaeological vessels were investigated by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-Q-ToF). The detection of lipids derived from ergot in archaeological and historic contexts rests on its complex chemistry, providing a unique and relatively recalcitrant chemical signature for cereals. This research demonstrated that the combination of our innovative biomarker approach along with environmental and archaeological evidence can provide unprecedented insights into the incidence of cereals and related processing activities in ancient societies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette J Lucejko
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Jacopo La Nasa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Porta
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Antichità, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vanzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Antichità, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Tanda
- Dipartimento di Storia, Beni Culturali e Territorio, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Piazza Arsenale 1, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Corretti
- Laboratorio di Storia, Archeologia, Epigrafia, Tradizione dell'antico, Scuola Normale Superione, Piazza dei Cavalieri, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Perla Colombini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Erika Ribechini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Banti D, La Nasa J, Tenorio AL, Modugno F, Jan van den Berg K, Lee J, Ormsby B, Burnstock A, Bonaduce I. A molecular study of modern oil paintings: investigating the role of dicarboxylic acids in the water sensitivity of modern oil paints. RSC Adv 2018; 8:6001-6012. [PMID: 35539615 PMCID: PMC9078243 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13364b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The 20th century has seen a significant evolution in artists' paint formulation and technology which is likely to relate to the new conservation challenges frequently presented by modern oil paintings, including unpredictable water- and solvent-sensitivity. This study examined the molecular causes and mechanisms behind these types of modern oil paint vulnerability. Research performed up to now has suggested a correlation between the occurrence of water sensitivity and the presence of relatively high amounts of extractable free dicarboxylic acids. To explore this further, as well as the influence of paint formulation, a set of model paint samples, produced in 2006 using commercial tube paints to which known amounts of additives were added, were analysed. The samples were tested for water sensitivity by aqueous swabbing and characterised using transmission Fourier Transform-Infra Red spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine the molecular composition of the main paint constituents, High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS), to identify the type(s) of drying oils used as binders, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) using a recently developed analytical procedure that can discriminate and quantify free fatty and dicarboxylic acids, as well as their corresponding metal soaps (carboxylates of fatty and dicarboxylic acids). The results indicated that the addition of small amounts of additives can influence the water sensitivity of an oil paint, as well as its molecular composition. Additionally the nature of the ionomeric/polymeric network appears to be a significant determining factor in the development of water sensitivity. Quantitative mass spectrometry was used to investigate the role played by dicarboxylic acids in the water sensitivity of modern oil paints.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacopo La Nasa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry
- University of Pisa
- Pisa
- Italy
| | | | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry
- University of Pisa
- Pisa
- Italy
| | | | - Judith Lee
- Conservation Department
- Tate
- Millbank
- London
- UK
| | | | | | - Ilaria Bonaduce
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry
- University of Pisa
- Pisa
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|