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Oesterle I, Ayeni KI, Ezekiel CN, Berry D, Rompel A, Warth B. Insights into the early-life chemical exposome of Nigerian infants and potential correlations with the developing gut microbiome. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 188:108766. [PMID: 38801800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Early-life exposure to natural and synthetic chemicals can impact acute and chronic health conditions. Here, a suspect screening workflow anchored on high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to elucidate xenobiotics in breast milk and matching stool samples collected from Nigerian mother-infant pairs (n = 11) at three time points. Potential correlations between xenobiotic exposure and the developing gut microbiome, as determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, were subsequently explored. Overall, 12,192 and 16,461 features were acquired in the breast milk and stool samples, respectively. Following quality control and suspect screening, 562 and 864 features remained, respectively, with 149 of these features present in both matrices. Taking advantage of 242 authentic reference standards measured for confirmatory purposes of food bio-actives and toxicants, 34 features in breast milk and 68 features in stool were identified and semi-quantified. Moreover, 51 and 78 features were annotated with spectral library matching, as well as 416 and 652 by in silico fragmentation tools in breast milk and stool, respectively. The analytical workflow proved its versatility to simultaneously determine a diverse panel of chemical classes including mycotoxins, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), antibiotics, plasticizers, perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS), and pesticides, although it was originally optimized for polyphenols. Spearman rank correlation of the identified features revealed significant correlations between chemicals of the same classification such as polyphenols. One-way ANOVA and differential abundance analysis of the data obtained from stool samples revealed that molecules of plant-based origin elevated as complementary foods were introduced to the infants' diets. Annotated compounds in the stool, such as tricetin, positively correlated with the genus Blautia. Moreover, vulgaxanthin negatively correlated with Escherichia-Shigella. Despite the limited sample size, this exploratory study provides high-quality exposure data of matched biospecimens obtained from mother-infant pairs in sub-Saharan Africa and shows potential correlations between the chemical exposome and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Oesterle
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, 1090 Wien, Austria(1); University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School of Chemistry (DoSChem), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kolawole I Ayeni
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Chibundu N Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), Institute for Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Konrad-Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - David Berry
- University of Vienna, Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, 1090 Wien, Austria(1); University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School of Chemistry (DoSChem), 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School of Chemistry (DoSChem), 1090 Vienna, Austria; Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Node, Austria.
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2
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Berger S, Oesterle I, Ayeni KI, Ezekiel CN, Rompel A, Warth B. Polyphenol exposure of mothers and infants assessed by LC-MS/MS based biomonitoring in breast milk. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1759-1774. [PMID: 38363307 PMCID: PMC10899372 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to polyphenols is relevant throughout critical windows of infant development, including the breastfeeding phase. However, the quantitative assessment of polyphenols in human breast milk has received limited attention so far, though polyphenols may positively influence infant health. Therefore, a targeted LC-MS/MS assay was developed to investigate 86 analytes representing different polyphenol classes in human breast milk. The sample preparation consisted of liquid extraction, salting out, freeze-out, and a dilution step. Overall, nearly 70% of the chemically diverse polyphenols fulfilled all strict validation criteria for full quantitative assessment. The remaining analytes did not fulfill all criteria at every concentration level, but can still provide useful semi-quantitative insights into nutritional and biomedical research questions. The limits of detection for all analyzed polyphenols were in the range of 0.0041-87 ng*mL-1, with a median of 0.17 ng*mL-1. Moreover, the mean recovery was determined to be 82% and the mean signal suppression and enhancement effect was 117%. The developed assay was applied in a proof-of-principle study to investigate polyphenols in breast milk samples provided by twelve Nigerian mothers at three distinct time points post-delivery. In total, 50 polyphenol analytes were detected with almost half being phenolic acids. Phase II metabolites, including genistein-7-β-D-glucuronide, genistein-7-sulfate, and daidzein-7-β-D-glucuronide, were also detected in several samples. In conclusion, the developed method was demonstrated to be fit-for-purpose to simultaneously (semi-) quantify a wide variety of polyphenols in breast milk. It also demonstrated that various polyphenols including their biotransformation products were present in breast milk and therefore likely transferred to infants where they might impact microbiome development and infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Berger
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian Oesterle
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, 1090, Wien, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kolawole I Ayeni
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Chibundu N Ezekiel
- Institute for Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad-Lorenz Str. 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, 1090, Wien, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Exposome Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Node, Vienna, Austria.
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Chen Z, Li S, Yang F, Yue W. Construction of a colorimetric sensor array for the identification of phenolic compounds by the laccase-like activity of N-doped manganese oxide. Talanta 2024; 268:125324. [PMID: 37951179 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, widely distributed in nature, encompass a diverse array of bioactive and antioxidant properties. The detection of different phenolic compound types holds paramount importance in elucidating their bioactivity and health effects, ensuring the quality and safety of food and drugs. Consequently, the development of simple, rapid, and cost-effective colorimetric sensing arrays capable of simultaneous phenolic compound detection has emerged as a prominent research pursuit. In this study, we present a one-step hydrothermal synthesis of N-doped MnO2 nanoflowers (NMF). NMF possess an extensive specific surface area and abundant oxygen vacancies, effectively mimicking the activity of natural laccase. Leveraging this laccase-like activity, NMF demonstrates the ability to catalyze various phenolic compounds, generating distinctive fingerprint signals. Notably, the developed colorimetric sensing array exhibits remarkable efficacy in effectively identifying and differentiating phenolic compounds within complex mixtures. Furthermore, the NMF colorimetric sensing array demonstrates successful identification of phenolic compounds in diverse environments, including food and urine samples. Overall, this study provides new insights into the design of transition metal materials for the simulation of laccase and colorimetric sensing arrays. It provides a promising avenue for the development of advanced detection platforms for phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiwen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqing Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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Oesterle I, Pristner M, Berger S, Wang M, Verri Hernandes V, Rompel A, Warth B. Exposomic Biomonitoring of Polyphenols by Non-Targeted Analysis and Suspect Screening. Anal Chem 2023; 95:10686-10694. [PMID: 37409760 PMCID: PMC10357401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, prevalent in plants and fungi, are investigated intensively in nutritional and clinical settings because of their beneficial bioactive properties. Due to their complexity, analysis with untargeted approaches is favorable, which typically use high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) rather than low-resolution mass spectrometry (LRMS). Here, the advantages of HRMS were evaluated by thoroughly testing untargeted techniques and available online resources. By applying data-dependent acquisition on real-life urine samples, 27 features were annotated with spectral libraries, 88 with in silico fragmentation, and 113 by MS1 matching with PhytoHub, an online database containing >2000 polyphenols. Moreover, other exogenous and endogenous molecules were screened to measure chemical exposure and potential metabolic effects using the Exposome-Explorer database, further annotating 144 features. Additional polyphenol-related features were explored using various non-targeted analysis techniques including MassQL for glucuronide and sulfate neutral losses, and MetaboAnalyst for statistical analysis. As HRMS typically suffers a sensitivity loss compared to state-of-the-art LRMS used in targeted workflows, the gap between the two instrumental approaches was quantified in three spiked human matrices (urine, serum, plasma) as well as real-life urine samples. Both instruments showed feasible sensitivity, with median limits of detection in the spiked samples being 10-18 ng/mL for HRMS and 4.8-5.8 ng/mL for LRMS. The results demonstrate that, despite its intrinsic limitations, HRMS can readily be used for comprehensively investigating human polyphenol exposure. In the future, this work is expected to allow for linking human health effects with exposure patterns and toxicological mixture effects with other xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Oesterle
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Fakultät
für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Wien, Wien 1090, Austria
- Doctoral
School of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Manuel Pristner
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Doctoral
School of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Sabrina Berger
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Mingxun Wang
- Department
of Computer Science, University of California
Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Vinicius Verri Hernandes
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Exposome
Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Fakultät
für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Universität Wien, Wien 1090, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
- Exposome
Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, Vienna 1090, Austria
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5
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Jobst M, Kiss E, Gerner C, Marko D, Del Favero G. Activation of autophagy triggers mitochondrial loss and changes acetylation profile relevant for mechanotransduction in bladder cancer cells. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:217-233. [PMID: 36214828 PMCID: PMC9816236 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cells are constantly exposed to multiple xenobiotics and bioactive metabolites. In addition to this challenging chemical environment, they are also exposed to shear stress originating from urine and interstitial fluids. Hence, physiological function of bladder cells relies on a high biochemical and biomechanical adaptive competence, which, in turn, is largely supported via autophagy-related mechanisms. As a negative side of this plasticity, bladder cancer cells are known to adapt readily to chemotherapeutic programs. At the molecular level, autophagy was described to support resistance against pharmacological treatments and to contribute to the maintenance of cell structure and metabolic competence. In this study, we enhanced autophagy with rapamycin (1-100 nM) and assessed its effects on the motility of bladder cells, as well as the capability to respond to shear stress. We observed that rapamycin reduced cell migration and the mechanical-induced translocation potential of Krüppel-like transcription factor 2 (KLF2). These effects were accompanied by a rearrangement of cytoskeletal elements and mitochondrial loss. In parallel, intracellular acetylation levels were decreased. Mechanistically, inhibition of the NAD + -dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) with nicotinamide (NAM; 0.1-5 mM) restored acetylation levels hampered by rapamycin and cell motility. Taken together, we described the effects of rapamycin on cytoskeletal elements crucial for mechanotransduction and the dependency of these changes on the mitochondrial turnover caused by autophagy activation. Additionally, we could show that targeted metabolic intervention could revert the outcome of autophagy activation, reinforcing the idea that bladder cells can easily adapt to multiple xenobiotics and circumvent in this way the effects of single chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Jobst
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core Facility Multimodal, Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria ,Core Facility Multimodal, Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstr. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Flasch M, Fitz V, Rampler E, Ezekiel CN, Koellensperger G, Warth B. Integrated Exposomics/Metabolomics for Rapid Exposure and Effect Analyses. JACS AU 2022; 2:2548-2560. [PMID: 36465551 PMCID: PMC9709941 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The totality of environmental exposures and lifestyle factors, commonly referred to as the exposome, is poorly understood. Measuring the myriad of chemicals that humans are exposed to is immensely challenging, and identifying disrupted metabolic pathways is even more complex. Here, we present a novel technological approach for the comprehensive, rapid, and integrated analysis of the endogenous human metabolome and the chemical exposome. By combining reverse-phase and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and fast polarity-switching, molecules with highly diverse chemical structures can be analyzed in 15 min with a single analytical run as both column's effluents are combined before analysis. Standard reference materials and authentic standards were evaluated to critically benchmark performance. Highly sensitive median limits of detection (LODs) with 0.04 μM for >140 quantitatively assessed endogenous metabolites and 0.08 ng/mL for the >100 model xenobiotics and human estrogens in solvent were obtained. In matrix, the median LOD values were higher with 0.7 ng/mL (urine) and 0.5 ng/mL (plasma) for exogenous chemicals. To prove the dual-column approach's applicability, real-life urine samples from sub-Saharan Africa (high-exposure scenario) and Europe (low-exposure scenario) were assessed in a targeted and nontargeted manner. Our liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) approach demonstrates the feasibility of quantitatively and simultaneously assessing the endogenous metabolome and the chemical exposome for the high-throughput measurement of environmental drivers of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Flasch
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School of Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Fitz
- Vienna
Doctoral School of Chemistry, University
of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyn Rampler
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chibundu N. Ezekiel
- Department
of Microbiology, Babcock University, 121103 Ilishan
Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Exposome
Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Exposome
Austria, Research Infrastructure and National EIRENE Hub, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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