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Cox A, Morrongiello BA. A Pilot Randomized Trial Evaluating the Cool 2 Be Safe Junior Playground Safety Program for Preschool Children. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:279-289. [PMID: 38287650 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unintentional injury is the leading cause of death to children worldwide, and playgrounds pose a significant risk of injury. Those aged 5 and 6 years are particularly vulnerable to playground injuries. Previous interventions have typically targeted environmental modifications or increased supervision to reduce playground injuries; however, minimal research has focused on implementing behavioral interventions that seek to change children's safety knowledge and risk-taking behaviors on the playground. The current randomized trial addressed these gaps in the literature and sought to increase preschool children's hazard awareness skills and knowledge of unsafe playground behaviors and decrease their intentions to engage in risk-taking behaviors on the playground. METHOD A total of 77 children aged 5 and 6 years were tested at a laboratory on a university campus, using a parallel group design, with 38 randomized to the playground intervention group and 39 randomly assigned to a control group. The intervention was manualized and delivered to small groups of children (3-5) over several sessions. RESULTS Statistical analyses revealed significant group differences. Intervention experience led to significant increases in hazard awareness skills and knowledge of unsafe playground behaviors, and significant decreases in children's risk-taking behavioral intentions, whereas those in the control group showed no significant changes in these scores. Attention scores for those in the intervention group highlighted that the program content was successful in maintaining children's attention and engagement, and memory scores indicated excellent retention of lesson content. CONCLUSION The program shows promise in addressing the issue of unintentional playground injuries in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cox
- Psychology Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Habtemariam H, Schlichting LE, Kole-White MB, Berger B, Vivier P. Neighborhood risk and prenatal care utilization in Rhode Island, 2005-2014. Birth 2024. [PMID: 38212944 DOI: 10.1111/birt.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of prenatal care is undeniable, as pregnant persons who receive on-time, adequate prenatal care have better maternal and infant health outcomes compared with those receiving late, less than adequate prenatal care. Previous studies assessing the relationship between neighborhood factors and maternal health outcomes have typically looked at singular neighborhood variables and their relationship with maternal health outcomes. In order to examine a greater number of place-based risk factors simultaneously, our analysis used a unique neighborhood risk index to assess the association between cumulative risk and prenatal care utilization, which no other studies have done. METHODS Data from Rhode Island Vital Statistics for births between 2005 and 2014 were used to assess the relationship between neighborhood risk and prenatal care utilization using two established indices. We assessed neighborhood risk with an index composed of eight socioeconomic block-group variables. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to examine the association between adequate use and neighborhood risk. RESULTS Individuals living in a high-risk neighborhood were less likely to have adequate or better prenatal care utilization according to both the APNCU Index (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87-0.95) and the R-GINDEX (aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.85-0.91) compared with those in low-risk neighborhoods. CONCLUSION Understanding the impact of neighborhood-level factors on prenatal care use is a critical first step in ensuring that underserved neighborhoods are prioritized in interventions aimed at making access to prenatal care more equitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Habtemariam
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lauren E Schlichting
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Martha B Kole-White
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Women and Infants Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Blythe Berger
- Chief, Perinatal and Early Childhood Health, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Patrick Vivier
- School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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Nwanne OY, Rogers ML, McGowan EC, Tucker R, Smego R, Vivier PM, Vohr BR. High-Risk Neighborhoods and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants Born Preterm. J Pediatr 2022; 245:65-71. [PMID: 35120984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the association between neighborhood risk and moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 22-26 months corrected age in children born at <34 weeks of gestation. We hypothesized that infants born preterm living in high-risk neighborhoods would have a greater risk of NDI and cognitive, motor, and language delays. STUDY DESIGN We studied a retrospective cohort of 1291 infants born preterm between 2005 and 2016, excluding infants with congenital anomalies. NDI was defined as any one of the following: a Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development-III Cognitive or Motor composite score <85, bilateral blindness, bilateral hearing impairment, or moderate-severe cerebral palsy. Maternal addresses were geocoded to identify census block groups and create high-risk versus low-risk neighborhood groups. Bivariate and regression analyses were run to assess the impact of neighborhood risk on outcomes. RESULTS Infants from high-risk (n = 538; 42%) and low-risk (n = 753; 58%) neighborhoods were compared. In bivariate analyses, the risk of NDI and cognitive, motor, and language delays was greater in high-risk neighborhoods. In adjusted regression models, the risks of NDI (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.04-1.98), cognitive delay (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.15-2.28), and language delay (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.15-2.16) were greater in high-risk neighborhoods. Breast milk at discharge was more common in low-risk neighborhoods and was protective of NDI in regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS High neighborhood risk provides an independent contribution to preterm adverse NDI, cognitive, and language outcomes. In addition, breast milk at discharge was protective. Knowledge of neighborhood risk may inform the targeted implementation of programs for socially disadvantaged infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogochukwu Y Nwanne
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Michelle L Rogers
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Elisabeth C McGowan
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Richard Tucker
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI
| | - Raul Smego
- Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Patrick M Vivier
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Hassenfeld Child Health Innovation Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI
| | - Betty R Vohr
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI.
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O'Donnell EP, Canares TL. Accidents Waiting to Happen: A Review of Unintentional Household Injuries in Children. Pediatr Rev 2021; 42:109-122. [PMID: 33648990 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2019-0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin P O'Donnell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Therese L Canares
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Ghodsi Z, Amanat M, Saeedi Moghaddam S, Vezvaei P, Gohari K, Haghshenas R, Amirzade-Iranaq MH, Rezaei N, Saadat S, Sheidaei A, Sharif-Alhoseini M, Sadeghian F, Jazayeri SB, Salehi M, Salamati P, Moradi-Lakeh M, Mokdad AH, O'Reilly G, Rahimi-Movaghar V. The trend of fall-related mortality at national and provincial levels in Iran from 1990 to 2015. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2020; 27:403-411. [PMID: 32646296 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2020.1790614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Falls are one of the major causes of unintentional injuries. Understanding the epidemiology of fall-related mortality helps to identify the root causes of this event and planning preventive strategies to inhibit falls. The aim of this study was to assess the trend of fall-related mortality rate and its epidemiological patterns based on sex and age-groups at national and subnational levels in Iran during the years 1990 to 2015. All data were gathered from Death Registration Systems, cemetery databases of Tehran and Isfahan, the Demographic and Health Survey of 2000 and three rounds of national population and housing censuses. The age-standardized death rate (ASDR) due to falls per 100,000 people decreased from 2.61 (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI): 1.94-3.51) in 1990 to 2.13 (1.62-2.80) in 2015 at national level. Males were at higher risk of death due to falls than females. Our data showed that the elderly population was at higher risk of death due to falls and individuals less than 4-year old had the highest fall-related mortality rate among children and adolescents. Our data should be used to accelerate interventions to reduce fall-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghodsi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Man Amanat
- Faculty of Medicine, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Vezvaei
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimiya Gohari
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rosa Haghshenas
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Universal Network of Interdisciplinary Research in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (UNIROMS), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Saadat
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sheidaei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Sharif-Alhoseini
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Sadeghian
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Seyed Behzad Jazayeri
- Department of Surgery, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, CA, USA
| | - Mona Salehi
- Faculty of Medicine, Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payman Salamati
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali H Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Washington, USA
| | - Gerard O'Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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