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Poncet L, Saïd M, Yang S, Müller-Riemenschneider F, Berticat C, Raymond M, Barkat-Defradas M, Charles MA, Bernard JY. Associations between screen viewing at 2 and 3.5 years and drawing ability at 3.5 years among children from the French nationwide Elfe birth cohort. Sci Rep 2024; 14:348. [PMID: 38172606 PMCID: PMC10764867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50767-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of screen viewing on children's cognitive development has been of concern among parents and researchers. This study investigated the association between children screen time, as reported by parents, and drawing ability, and the confounding effects of socioeconomic characteristics (such as parental education, household income, migration status) and children's competing activities (such as drawing practice, extracurricular activity, outdoor time, sleep time, time playing with parents). Participants included 7577 children aged 3.5 years (50% girls) who underwent the Draw-a-person test (McCarthy score [range = 0-12 points]) in the French nationwide Elfe birth cohort, initiated in 2011. Sex-stratified zero-inflated Poisson regression models were used. Increased screen time was associated with a higher likelihood to obtain a null score in boys (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.07-1.23) and girls (1.13 [1.03-1.24]) and a lower score in girls only (β = - 0.02, 95% CI - 0.04; - 0.01). After adjusting for SES, associations were no longer observed, indicating that the association between screen time and drawing abilities was confounded by socioeconomic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Poncet
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Mélèa Saïd
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Shuai Yang
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charite University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claire Berticat
- ISEM, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Raymond
- ISEM, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, University of Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, 75004, Paris, France
- Unité mixte Elfe, Ined, Inserm, EFS, 93322, Aubervilliers, France
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université Paris Cité, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, 75004, Paris, France.
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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Morawska A, Mitchell AE, Tooth LR. Managing Screen Use in the Under-Fives: Recommendations for Parenting Intervention Development. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:943-956. [PMID: 37171529 PMCID: PMC10640456 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-023-00435-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of excessive screen use on children's health and development is a public health concern and many countries have published recommendations to limit and guide the use of screen media in childhood. Despite this, international studies report that the majority of parents and children do not adhere to screen use recommendations. Existing research aiming to understand children' screen use has largely focused on older children, and on demographic and structural aspects of the child's environment. Parents play a central role in determining young children's screen use and identify numerous barriers to developing healthy screen use practices with their children. However, no clear models exist that incorporate key parenting factors in understanding children's screen use, which presents an impediment to intervention development. Likewise, while some evidence exists for interventions to improve children's screen use behaviours, most are focused on older children and parental involvement has generally been limited. In this paper, we overview key factors associated with screen use in young children (< 5 years) and summarise the existing evidence base for interventions designed to support healthy screen use. This paper proposes a conceptual model linking aspects of parenting and the socio-ecological environment to young children's screen use. Our proposed model could be used to design longitudinal studies of screen use predictors and outcomes, and inform intervention development. Finally, the paper provides key recommendations for future research, intervention development and testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Morawska
- Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, 13 Upland Road, St Lucia, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia.
| | - Amy E Mitchell
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leigh R Tooth
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Torjinski M, Horwood S. Associations between nature exposure, screen use, and parent-child relations: a scoping review protocol. Syst Rev 2023; 12:217. [PMID: 37974236 PMCID: PMC10652600 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Today's youth are growing up in an evolving digital world, and concerns about the potential detrimental effects of excessive screen use on biopsychosocial outcomes in childhood are mounting. Parents worry about the impacts of screen-use on their children's wellbeing but at the same time frequently fail to meet their own ideal screen time limits regarding their children's screen use. There is an opportunity to shift research focus away from inflexible and often unrealistic childhood screen time guidelines towards exploration of positive parenting strategies that may have multiple beneficial and significant effects on children's screen-related outcomes. An emerging body of literature suggests that screen time and nature exposure act on psychosocial outcomes in contrasting ways. There is evidence to suggest that exposure to natural environments may counteract some of the potential negative psychosocial effects of excessive screen use; however, this relationship is poorly understood. The overarching aim of this scoping review is to source, categorise, and synthesise existing research exploring the associations between nature exposure, screen use, and parenting across childhood. METHODS This mixed-methods systematic scoping review will be conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework with methodological enhancements from Levac and associates and recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute's methodological guidance for conducting scoping reviews. Five electronic databases will be searched from August 2022 onwards. Two reviewers will independently screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. Peer reviewed articles related to the constructs of nature exposure, screen use, and parent/child relations will be considered in the context of early to late childhood. Study characteristics will be collated using a data charting tool collaboratively developed by the research team. Evidence will be presented using tabular and textual form and described using qualitative thematic analysis. DISCUSSION This review will gather information about how key definitions are conceptualised, defined, and measured across the literature and map existing trends and areas for future research. It is intended that this review will inform and guide future research direction, recommendations, and programs aimed at supporting parents to navigate the challenges of parenting in a digital age. OSF REGISTRATION: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TFZDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Torjinski
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, 3220, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child, Education Building (E Block), Level 4, QUT Kelvin Grove campus, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Sharon Horwood
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, 3220, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for the Digital Child, Education Building (E Block), Level 4, QUT Kelvin Grove campus, Brisbane, Australia
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Poncet L, Saïd M, Gassama M, Dufourg MN, Müller-Riemenschneider F, Lioret S, Dargent-Molina P, Charles MA, Bernard JY. Sociodemographic and behavioural factors of adherence to the no-screen guideline for toddlers among parents from the French nationwide Elfe birth cohort. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:104. [PMID: 35962431 PMCID: PMC9373389 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive screen time in infancy and childhood has been associated with consequences on children’s development and health. International guidelines call for no screen time before age 2 years, whereas in France, the most prominent guidelines recommend no screen before age 3 years. However, data are lacking on parental adherence to the no-screen guideline for toddlers and factors of adherence in France. Using data from the French nationwide Elfe birth cohort, we estimated adherence to the no-screen guideline at age 2 years and examined related factors, including sociodemographic characteristics, parental leisure activities and screen time. Methods In 2011, 18,329 newborns and their parents were enrolled in 349 randomly selected maternity units across mainland France. At age 2 years, screen exposure of 13,117 toddlers was reported by parents in phone interviews. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, parental leisure activities and screen time were collected from both parents. Three patterns of parental leisure activities were derived by principal component analysis: literate (e.g.,reading), screen-based, and physical/artistic activities. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of sociodemographic characteristics, parental leisure activities and parental screen time with adherence to the no-screen guideline for toddlers. Results Overall, 1809/13,117 (13.5%) families adhered to the no-screen guideline for toddlers. Adherence was reduced with maternal age < 40 years, low parental education, single-parent household and parental migration status. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, adherence to the guideline was positively associated with a parental literate activity pattern (mothers: odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.15 [1.08, 1.22]); fathers: 1.15 [1.07, 1.23]) and negatively with a screen-based activity pattern (mothers: 0.73 [0.69, 0.77]; fathers: 0.81 [0.76, 0.87]). With each additional hour of parental screen time, mothers and fathers were less likely to adhere to the guideline (mothers: adjusted odds ratio 0.80 [0.77, 0.83]; fathers: 0.88 [0.85, 0.91]). Conclusions Adherence to the no-screen guideline for toddlers in France was low. Parental leisure activities and parental screen time are major factors of adherence to the no-screen guideline and could be considered in targeted public health interventions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01342-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Poncet
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Mélèa Saïd
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Malamine Gassama
- Unité Mixte Inserm-Ined-EFS Elfe, 93322, Aubervilliers, Ined, France
| | | | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Berlin Institute of Health, Charite University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandrine Lioret
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Dargent-Molina
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, 75004, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, 75004, Paris, France.,Unité Mixte Inserm-Ined-EFS Elfe, 93322, Aubervilliers, Ined, France
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Université de Paris, Inserm, INRAE, 75004, Paris, France. .,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
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