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Hobayan CGP, Gray AN, Waters MF, Mager LA, Kobayashi S, Essien EW, Ulman CA, Kaffenberger BH. Diagnostic accuracy of high-frequency ultrasound for cutaneous neoplasms: a narrative review of the literature. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:419. [PMID: 38904763 PMCID: PMC11192820 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-03179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
High-frequency ultrasound has been used to visualize depth and vascularization of cutaneous neoplasms, but little has been synthesized as a review for a robust level of evidence about the diagnostic accuracy of high-frequency ultrasound in dermatology. A narrative review of the PubMed database was performed to establish the correlation between ultrasound findings and histopathologic/dermoscopic findings for cutaneous neoplasms. Articles were divided into the following four categories: melanocytic, keratinocytic/epidermal, appendageal, and soft tissue/neural neoplasms. Review of the literature revealed that ultrasound findings and histopathology findings were strongly correlated regarding the depth of a cutaneous neoplasm. Morphological characteristics were correlated primarily in soft tissue/neural neoplasms. Overall, there is a paucity of literature on the correlation between high-frequency ultrasound and histopathology of cutaneous neoplasms. Further studies are needed to investigate this correlation in various dermatologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley N Gray
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University, 540 Officecenter Place, Suite 240, Columbus, OH, 43230, USA
| | - Margo F Waters
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Layna A Mager
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sonja Kobayashi
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ellen W Essien
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Catherine A Ulman
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University, 540 Officecenter Place, Suite 240, Columbus, OH, 43230, USA
| | - Benjamin H Kaffenberger
- Department of Dermatology, The Ohio State University, 540 Officecenter Place, Suite 240, Columbus, OH, 43230, USA.
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2
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Belcastro L, Jonasson H, Saager RB. Multi-frequency spatial frequency domain imaging: a depth-resolved optical scattering model to isolate scattering contrast in thin layers of skin. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:046003. [PMID: 38650893 PMCID: PMC11033580 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.4.046003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Significance Current methods for wound healing assessment rely on visual inspection, which gives qualitative information. Optical methods allow for quantitative non-invasive measurements of optical properties relevant to wound healing. Aim Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) measures the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of tissue. Typically, SFDI assumes homogeneous tissue; however, layered structures are present in skin. We evaluate a multi-frequency approach to process SFDI data that estimates depth-specific scattering over differing penetration depths. Approach Multi-layer phantoms were manufactured to mimic wound healing scattering contrast in depth. An SFDI device imaged these phantoms and data were processed according to our multi-frequency approach. The depth sensitive data were then compared with a two-layer scattering model based on light fluence. Results The measured scattering from the phantoms changed with spatial frequency as our two-layer model predicted. The performance of two δ - P 1 models solutions for SFDI was consistently better than the standard diffusion approximation. Conclusions We presented an approach to process SFDI data that returns depth-resolved scattering contrast. This method allows for the implementation of layered optical models that more accurately represent physiologic parameters in thin tissue structures as in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Belcastro
- Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Jonasson
- Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rolf B. Saager
- Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping, Sweden
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3
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Shugar AL, Konger RL, Rohan CA, Travers JB, Kim YL. Mapping cutaneous field carcinogenesis of nonmelanoma skin cancer using mesoscopic imaging of pro-inflammation cues. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15076. [PMID: 38610095 PMCID: PMC11034840 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancers remain the most widely diagnosed types of cancers globally. Thus, for optimal patient management, it has become imperative that we focus our efforts on the detection and monitoring of cutaneous field carcinogenesis. The concept of field cancerization (or field carcinogenesis), introduced by Slaughter in 1953 in the context of oral cancer, suggests that invasive cancer may emerge from a molecularly and genetically altered field affecting a substantial area of underlying tissue including the skin. A carcinogenic field alteration, present in precancerous tissue over a relatively large area, is not easily detected by routine visualization. Conventional dermoscopy and microscopy imaging are often limited in assessing the entire carcinogenic landscape. Recent efforts have suggested the use of noninvasive mesoscopic (between microscopic and macroscopic) optical imaging methods that can detect chronic inflammatory features to identify pre-cancerous and cancerous angiogenic changes in tissue microenvironments. This concise review covers major types of mesoscopic optical imaging modalities capable of assessing pro-inflammatory cues by quantifying blood haemoglobin parameters and hemodynamics. Importantly, these imaging modalities demonstrate the ability to detect angiogenesis and inflammation associated with actinically damaged skin. Representative experimental preclinical and human clinical studies using these imaging methods provide biological and clinical relevance to cutaneous field carcinogenesis in altered tissue microenvironments in the apparently normal epidermis and dermis. Overall, mesoscopic optical imaging modalities assessing chronic inflammatory hyperemia can enhance the understanding of cutaneous field carcinogenesis, offer a window of intervention and monitoring for actinic keratoses and nonmelanoma skin cancers and maximise currently available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L. Shugar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Raymond L. Konger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pathology, Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Administration Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Craig A. Rohan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dayton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Young L. Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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4
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Feng Y, Cao C, Shimada Y, Yasutomi K, Kawahito S, Kennedy GT, Durkin AJ, Kagawa K. Motion-resistant three-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging system with ambient light suppression using an 8-tap CMOS image sensor. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2024; 29:016006. [PMID: 38239389 PMCID: PMC10795502 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.29.1.016006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Significance We present a motion-resistant three-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) system with ambient light suppression using an 8-tap complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (CIS) developed at Shizuoka University. The system addresses limitations in conventional SFDI systems, enabling reliable measurements in challenging imaging scenarios that are closer to real-world conditions. Aim Our study demonstrates a three-wavelength SFDI system based on an 8-tap CIS. We demonstrate and evaluate the system's capability of mitigating motion artifacts and ambient light bias through tissue phantom reflectance experiments and in vivo volar forearm experiments. Approach We incorporated the Hilbert transform to reduce the required number of projected patterns per wavelength from three to two per spatial frequency. The 8-tap image sensor has eight charge storage diodes per pixel; therefore, simultaneous image acquisition of eight images based on multi-exposure is possible. Taking advantage of this feature, the sensor simultaneously acquires images for planar illumination, sinusoidal pattern projection at three wavelengths, and ambient light. The ambient light bias is eliminated by subtracting the ambient light image from the others. Motion artifacts are suppressed by reducing the exposure and projection time for each pattern while maintaining sufficient signal levels by repeating the exposure. The system is compared to a conventional SFDI system in tissue phantom experiments and then in vivo measurements of human volar forearms. Results The 8-tap image sensor-based SFDI system achieved an acquisition rate of 9.4 frame sets per second, with three repeated exposures during each accumulation period. The diffuse reflectance maps of three different tissue phantoms using the conventional SFDI system and the 8-tap image sensor-based SFDI system showed good agreement except for high scattering phantoms. For the in vivo volar forearm measurements, our system successfully measured total hemoglobin concentration, tissue oxygen saturation, and reduced scattering coefficient maps of the subject during motion (16.5 cm/s) and under ambient light (28.9 lx), exhibiting fewer motion artifacts compared with the conventional SFDI. Conclusions We demonstrated the potential for motion-resistant three-wavelength SFDI system with ambient light suppression using an 8-tap CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Shizuoka University, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Chen Cao
- Shizuoka University, Research Institution of Electronics, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yuto Shimada
- Shizuoka University, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keita Yasutomi
- Shizuoka University, Research Institution of Electronics, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shoji Kawahito
- Shizuoka University, Research Institution of Electronics, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Gordon T. Kennedy
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Anthony J. Durkin
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, California, United States
- University of California, Irvine, Biomedical Engineering Department, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Keiichiro Kagawa
- Shizuoka University, Research Institution of Electronics, Hamamatsu, Japan
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5
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Reginelli A, Russo A, Berritto D, Patane V, Cantisani C, Grassi R. Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound: A Modern Diagnostic Technique for Studying Melanoma. ULTRASCHALL IN DER MEDIZIN (STUTTGART, GERMANY : 1980) 2023; 44:360-378. [PMID: 37068509 DOI: 10.1055/a-2028-6182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of new ultra-high-frequency devices with a resolution of 30 μm makes it possible to use ultrasound in the study of new small anatomical units and to apply this tool to new fields of pathology. Cutaneous melanoma is a severe skin disease with an incidence of approximately 160 000 new cases each year and 48 000 deaths. In this paper, we evaluate the role of HFUS in the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma, describe the sonographic appearance of skin layers in the pre-excision phase as well as of lesion features, and correlate the characteristics with pathological examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Reginelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Russo
- Department of Radiology, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Berritto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Patane
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Grassi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Italy
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Russo GM, Russo A, Urraro F, Cioce F, Gallo L, Belfiore MP, Sangiovanni A, Napolitano S, Troiani T, Verolino P, Sica A, Brancaccio G, Briatico G, Nardone V, Reginelli A. Management of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: Radiologists Challenging and Risk Assessment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040793. [PMID: 36832281 PMCID: PMC9955870 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and Merkel cell carcinoma are the three main types of nonmelanoma skin cancers and their rates of occurrence and mortality have been steadily rising over the past few decades. For radiologists, it is still difficult to treat patients with advanced nonmelanoma skin cancer. Nonmelanoma skin cancer patients would benefit greatly from an improved diagnostic imaging-based risk stratification and staging method that takes into account patient characteristics. The risk is especially elevated among those who previously received systemic treatment or phototherapy. Systemic treatments, including biologic therapies and methotrexate (MTX), are effective in managing immune-mediated diseases; however, they may increase susceptibility to NMSC due to immunosuppression or other factors. Risk stratification and staging tools are crucial in treatment planning and prognostic evaluation. PET/CT appears more sensitive and superior to CT and MRI for nodal and distant metastasis as well as in surveillance after surgery. The patient treatment response improved with advent and utilization of immunotherapy and different immune-specific criteria are established to standardized evaluation criteria of clinical trials but none of them have been utilized routinely with immunotherapy. The advent of immunotherapy has also arisen new critical issues for radiologists, such as atypical response pattern, pseudo-progression, as well as immune-related adverse events that require early identification to optimize and improve patient prognosis and management. It is important for radiologists to have knowledge of the radiologic features site of the tumor, clinical stage, histological subtype, and any high-risk features to assess immunotherapy treatment response and immune-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Maria Russo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Russo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Urraro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cioce
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Gallo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Belfiore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Sangiovanni
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Napolitano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Unit of Plastic Surgery, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80120 Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Verolino
- Unit of Plastic Surgery, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80120 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Sica
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Brancaccio
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Briatico
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Nardone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Reginelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80123 Naples, Italy
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7
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Majedy M, Das NK, Johansson J, Saager RB. Influence of optical aberrations on depth-specific spatial frequency domain techniques. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:116003. [PMID: 36358008 PMCID: PMC9646941 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.11.116003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) and spatial frequency domain spectroscopy (SFDS) are emerging tools to non-invasively assess tissues. However, the presence of aberrations can complicate processing and interpretation. AIM This study develops a method to characterize optical aberrations when performing SFDI/S measurements. Additionally, we propose a post-processing method to compensate for these aberrations and recover arbitrary subsurface optical properties. APPROACH Using a custom SFDS system, we extract absorption and scattering coefficients from a reference phantom at 0 to 15 mm distances from the ideal focus. In post-processing, we characterize aberrations in terms of errors in absorption and scattering relative to the expected in-focus values. We subsequently evaluate a compensation approach in multi-distance measurements of phantoms with different optical properties and in multi-layer phantom constructs to mimic subsurface targets. RESULTS Characterizing depth-specific aberrations revealed a strong power law such as wavelength dependence from ∼40 to ∼10 % error in both scattering and absorption. When applying the compensation method, scattering remained within 1.3% (root-mean-square) of the ideal values, independent of depth or top layer thickness, and absorption remained within 3.8%. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a protocol that allows for instrument-specific characterization and compensation for the effects of defocus and chromatic aberrations on spatial frequency domain measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasam Majedy
- Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nandan K. Das
- Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johannes Johansson
- Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Rolf B. Saager
- Linköping University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linköping, Sweden
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8
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Fogante M, Carboni N, Argalia G. Clinical application of ultra-high frequency ultrasound: Discovering a new imaging frontier. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2022; 50:817-825. [PMID: 35730639 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ultra-high frequency ultrasound (UHFUS) is characterized by the use of probes between 30 and 100 MHz. This technology has recently been introduced in clinical practice and represents an opportunity for the diagnosis of numerous pathologies. The high spatial resolution of UHFUS, up to 30 μ in pixel size, allows to study the pathological modifications and to guide microsurgery treatments in anatomical body structures not evaluable by conventional HFUS. The aim of this work is to provide a review of the literature on the current clinical applications of UHFUS and to discuss its added role in different clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fogante
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola Carboni
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulio Argalia
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Ospedali Riuniti", Ancona, Italy
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9
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Brambullo T, Azzena GP, Toninello P, Masciopinto G, De Lazzari A, Biffoli B, Vindigni V, Bassetto F. Current Surgical Therapy of Locally Advanced cSCC: From Patient Selection to Microsurgical Tissue Transplant. Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:783257. [PMID: 34950589 PMCID: PMC8690035 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most challenging for the surgeon. Local aggressiveness and a tendency to metastasize to regional lymph nodes characterize the biologic behavior. The variants locally advanced and metastatic require wide excision and node dissection. Such procedures can be extremely detrimental for patients. The limit of the surgery can be safely pushed forward with a multidisciplinary approach. The concept of skin oncoplastic surgery, the ablative procedures and the reconstructive options (skin graft, pedicled flap, microsurgical free flap) are discussed together with a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tito Brambullo
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Azzena
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Toninello
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Masciopinto
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto De Lazzari
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Bernardo Biffoli
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vindigni
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Franco Bassetto
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, Department of Neurosciences, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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10
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Cinelli L, Felli E, Baratelli L, Ségaud S, Baiocchini A, Okamoto N, Rodríguez-Luna MR, Elmore U, Rosati R, Partelli S, Marescaux J, Gioux S, Diana M. Single Snapshot Imaging of Optical Properties (SSOP) for Perfusion Assessment during Gastric Conduit Creation for Esophagectomy: An Experimental Study on Pigs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236079. [PMID: 34885189 PMCID: PMC8656795 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Anastomotic leak is the most dangerous complication occurring after esophagectomy and its relationship with inadequate visceral perfusion is widely recognized. Currently, the adequate perfusion of the gastric conduit is intraoperatively assessed by surgeons using subjective indicators (e.g., serosal color or pulsatile flow of vessels). During the last decades, several innovative optical techniques based on the interaction of light with tissue have been developed to monitor perfusion in esophagogastric surgery. However, these innovative approaches are characterized by a lack of video rate and reproducibility. They also provide operator-dependent results and lengthen the surgical workflow. Single Snapshot imaging of Optical Properties (SSOP) is an optical technique, which can overcome such limitations, providing quantitative information on the optical properties of biological tissues over a large field of view. It is the first study to demonstrate the accuracy of SSOP in the quantification of serosal StO2% in a porcine gastric conduit model. Abstract Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a serious complication occurring after esophagectomy. The current knowledge suggests that inadequate intraoperative perfusion in the anastomotic site contributes to an increase in the AL rate. Presently, clinical estimation undertaken by surgeons is not accurate and new technology is necessary to improve the intraoperative assessment of tissue oxygenation. In the present study, we demonstrate the application of a novel optical technology, namely Single Snapshot imaging of Optical Properties (SSOP), used to quantify StO2% in an open surgery experimental gastric conduit (GC) model. After the creation of a gastric conduit, local StO2% was measured with a preclinical SSOP system for 60 min in the antrum (ROI-A), corpus (ROI-C), and fundus (ROI-F). The removed region (ROI-R) acted as ischemic control. ROI-R had statistically significant lower StO2% when compared to all other ROIs at T15, T30, T45, and T60 (p < 0.0001). Local capillary lactates (LCLs) and StO2% correlation was statistically significant (R = −0.8439, 95% CI −0.9367 to −0.6407, p < 0.0001). Finally, SSOP could discriminate resected from perfused regions and ROI-A from ROI-F (the future anastomotic site). In conclusion, SSOP could well be a suitable technology to assess intraoperative perfusion of GC, providing consistent StO2% quantification and ROIs discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cinelli
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy; (U.E.); (R.R.)
- Research Institute against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.O.); (M.R.R.-L.); (J.M.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-2643-2270
| | - Eric Felli
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luca Baratelli
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Strasbourg, France; (L.B.); (S.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Silvère Ségaud
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Strasbourg, France; (L.B.); (S.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Andrea Baiocchini
- Department of Surgical Pathology, San Camillo Hospital, 00152 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nariaki Okamoto
- Research Institute against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.O.); (M.R.R.-L.); (J.M.); (M.D.)
| | - María Rita Rodríguez-Luna
- Research Institute against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.O.); (M.R.R.-L.); (J.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Ugo Elmore
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy; (U.E.); (R.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Rosati
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, San Raffaele Hospital IRCCS, 20132 Milan, Italy; (U.E.); (R.R.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, Pancreatic Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacques Marescaux
- Research Institute against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.O.); (M.R.R.-L.); (J.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Strasbourg, France; (L.B.); (S.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Michele Diana
- Research Institute against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.O.); (M.R.R.-L.); (J.M.); (M.D.)
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Strasbourg, France; (L.B.); (S.S.); (S.G.)
- Department of General, Digestive and Endocrine Surgery, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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11
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Dai L, Luo Y, Fu X. Simple demodulation method for optical property extraction in spatial frequency domain imaging. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:7878-7887. [PMID: 34613046 DOI: 10.1364/ao.430937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Different demodulation methods affect the efficiency and accuracy of spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI). A simple and effective method of sum-to-product identities (STPI) demodulation was proposed in this study. STPI requires one fewer image than conventional three-phase demodulation (TPD) at a spatial frequency. Numerical simulation and phantom experiments were performed. The result proved the feasibility of STPI and showed that STPI combined with subtraction can achieve high-precision demodulation in the low spatial frequency domain. Through extraction of phantom optical properties, STPI had similar accuracy compared with other demodulation methods in extracting optical properties in phantoms. STPI was also used to extract the optical properties of milk, and it had highly consistent results with TPD, which can distinguish milk with different fat content. The demodulation effect of this method in the low spatial frequencies is better than other fast demodulation methods.
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Stier AC, Goth W, Hurley A, Brown T, Feng X, Zhang Y, Lopes FCPS, Sebastian KR, Ren P, Fox MC, Reichenberg JS, Markey MK, Tunnell JW. Imaging sub-diffuse optical properties of cancerous and normal skin tissue using machine learning-aided spatial frequency domain imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210048RR. [PMID: 34558235 PMCID: PMC8459901 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.9.096007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sub-diffuse optical properties may serve as useful cancer biomarkers, and wide-field heatmaps of these properties could aid physicians in identifying cancerous tissue. Sub-diffuse spatial frequency domain imaging (sd-SFDI) can reveal such wide-field maps, but the current time cost of experimentally validated methods for rendering these heatmaps precludes this technology from potential real-time applications. AIM Our study renders heatmaps of sub-diffuse optical properties from experimental sd-SFDI images in real time and reports these properties for cancerous and normal skin tissue subtypes. APPROACH A phase function sampling method was used to simulate sd-SFDI spectra over a wide range of optical properties. A machine learning model trained on these simulations and tested on tissue phantoms was used to render sub-diffuse optical property heatmaps from sd-SFDI images of cancerous and normal skin tissue. RESULTS The model accurately rendered heatmaps from experimental sd-SFDI images in real time. In addition, heatmaps of a small number of tissue samples are presented to inform hypotheses on sub-diffuse optical property differences across skin tissue subtypes. CONCLUSION These results bring the overall process of sd-SFDI a fundamental step closer to real-time speeds and set a foundation for future real-time medical applications of sd-SFDI such as image guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C. Stier
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Will Goth
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Aislinn Hurley
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Treshayla Brown
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Xu Feng
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Yao Zhang
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Fabiana C. P. S. Lopes
- The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Katherine R. Sebastian
- The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Pengyu Ren
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Matthew C. Fox
- The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Jason S. Reichenberg
- The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Mia K. Markey
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Imaging Physics Residency Program, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - James W. Tunnell
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Austin, Texas, United States
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Li Y, Murthy RS, Zhu Y, Zhang F, Tang J, Mehrabi JN, Kelly KM, Chen Z. 1.7-Micron Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Characterization of Skin Lesions-A Feasibility Study. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:2507-2512. [PMID: 33999817 PMCID: PMC8834583 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3081066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive diagnostic method that offers real-time visualization of the layered architecture of the skin in vivo. The 1.7-micron OCT system has been applied in cardiology, gynecology and dermatology, demonstrating an improved penetration depth in contrast to conventional 1.3-micron OCT. To further extend the capability, we developed a 1.7-micron OCT/OCT angiography (OCTA) system that allows for visualization of both morphology and microvasculature in the deeper layers of the skin. Using this imaging system, we imaged human skin with different benign lesions and described the corresponding features of both structure and vasculature. The significantly improved imaging depth and additional functional information suggest that the 1.7-micron OCTA system has great potential to advance both dermatological clinical and research settings for characterization of benign and cancerous skin lesions.
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Pardo A, Streeter SS, Maloney BW, Gutierrez-Gutierrez JA, McClatchy DM, Wells WA, Paulsen KD, Lopez-Higuera JM, Pogue BW, Conde OM. Modeling and Synthesis of Breast Cancer Optical Property Signatures With Generative Models. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:1687-1701. [PMID: 33684035 PMCID: PMC8224479 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3064464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Is it possible to find deterministic relationships between optical measurements and pathophysiology in an unsupervised manner and based on data alone? Optical property quantification is a rapidly growing biomedical imaging technique for characterizing biological tissues that shows promise in a range of clinical applications, such as intraoperative breast-conserving surgery margin assessment. However, translating tissue optical properties to clinical pathology information is still a cumbersome problem due to, amongst other things, inter- and intrapatient variability, calibration, and ultimately the nonlinear behavior of light in turbid media. These challenges limit the ability of standard statistical methods to generate a simple model of pathology, requiring more advanced algorithms. We present a data-driven, nonlinear model of breast cancer pathology for real-time margin assessment of resected samples using optical properties derived from spatial frequency domain imaging data. A series of deep neural network models are employed to obtain sets of latent embeddings that relate optical data signatures to the underlying tissue pathology in a tractable manner. These self-explanatory models can translate absorption and scattering properties measured from pathology, while also being able to synthesize new data. The method was tested on a total of 70 resected breast tissue samples containing 137 regions of interest, achieving rapid optical property modeling with errors only limited by current semi-empirical models, allowing for mass sample synthesis and providing a systematic understanding of dataset properties, paving the way for deep automated margin assessment algorithms using structured light imaging or, in principle, any other optical imaging technique seeking modeling. Code is available.
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Spatial-Frequency Domain Imaging: An Emerging Depth-Varying and Wide-Field Technique for Optical Property Measurement of Biological Tissues. PHOTONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics8050162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of optical properties is critical for understanding light-tissue interaction, properly interpreting measurement data, and gaining better knowledge of tissue physicochemical properties. However, conventional optical measuring techniques are limited in point measurement, which partly hinders the applications on characterizing spatial distribution and inhomogeneity of optical properties of biological tissues. Spatial-frequency domain imaging (SFDI), as an emerging non-contact, depth-varying and wide-field optical imaging technique, is capable of measuring the optical properties in a wide field-of-view on a pixel-by-pixel basis. This review first describes the typical SFDI system and the principle for estimating optical properties using the SFDI technique. Then, the applications of SFDI in the fields of biomedicine, as well as food and agriculture, are reviewed, including burn assessment, skin tissue evaluation, tumor tissue detection, brain tissue monitoring, and quality evaluation of agro-products. Finally, a discussion on the challenges and future perspectives of SFDI for optical property estimation is presented.
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16
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Levy J, Barrett DL, Harris N, Jeong JJ, Yang X, Chen SC. High-frequency ultrasound in clinical dermatology: a review. Ultrasound J 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 33877462 PMCID: PMC8058126 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-021-00222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasound was first introduced in clinical dermatology in 1979. Since that time, ultrasound technology has continued to develop along with its popularity and utility. Main text summary Today, high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS), or ultrasound using a frequency of at least 10 megahertz (MHz), allows for high-resolution imaging of the skin from the stratum corneum to the deep fascia. This non-invasive and easy-to-interpret tool allows physicians to assess skin findings in real-time, enabling enhanced diagnostic, management, and surgical capabilities. In this review, we discuss how HFUS fits into the landscape of skin imaging. We provide a brief history of its introduction to dermatology, explain key principles of ultrasonography, and review its use in characterizing normal skin, common neoplasms of the skin, dermatologic diseases and cosmetic dermatology. Conclusion As frequency advancements in ultrasonography continue, the broad applications of this imaging modality will continue to grow. HFUS is a fast, safe and readily available tool that can aid in diagnosing, monitoring and treating dermatologic conditions by providing more objective assessment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Levy
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Devon L Barrett
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nile Harris
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jiwoong Jason Jeong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Suephy C Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke Clinic, 40 Duke Medicine Cir, Clinic 3K, Durham, NC, 27710-4000, USA.
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Barcaui EDO, Carvalho ACP, Valiante PM, Piñeiro-Maceira J, Barcaui CB. High-frequency (22-MHz) ultrasound for assessing the depth of basal cell carcinoma invasion. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27:676-681. [PMID: 33404160 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) has been studied in the diagnosis and therapeutic management of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The accuracy of this method for location of deep margins remains unknown. This study evaluates HFUS for localization of deep surgical margins in BCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ultrasound images of 83 lesions from 67 patients with clinical and dermoscopic diagnosis of BCC were compared with histopathological findings. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between thickness as measured by HFUS and histopathology. RESULTS A strong correlation between HFUS and histopathological measurements was identified (r = 0.9744, P < .001). HFUS had sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 84%, and accuracy of 91% for measurement of deep tumor margins. Factors affecting tumor measurement on HFUS include marked basophilic degeneration of collagen, presence of peritumoral hypertrophic glands or hair follicles, fibrosis, and dense inflammatory changes related to the tumor itself or to prior procedures. CONCLUSION High-frequency ultrasound was effective in localizing deep tumor margins in BCC. Therefore, we believe that this diagnostic imaging method is important when selecting a therapeutic approach, considering Mohs micrographic surgery, and evaluating the surgical site.
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Zhao Y, Deng Y, Yue S, Wang M, Song B, Fan Y. Direct mapping from diffuse reflectance to chromophore concentrations in multi- fx spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) with a deep residual network (DRN). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:433-443. [PMID: 33659081 PMCID: PMC7899520 DOI: 10.1364/boe.409654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is an emerging technology that enables label-free, non-contact, and wide-field mapping of tissue chromophore contents, such as oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations. It has been shown that the use of more than two spatial frequencies (multi-fx ) can vastly improve measurement accuracy and reduce chromophore estimation uncertainties, but real-time multi-fx SFDI for chromophore monitoring has been limited in practice due to the slow speed of available chromophore inversion algorithms. Existing inversion algorithms have to first convert the multi-fx diffuse reflectance to optical absorptions, and then solve a set of linear equations to estimate chromophore concentrations. In this work, we present a deep learning framework, noted as a deep residual network (DRN), that is able to directly map from diffuse reflectance to chromophore concentrations. The proposed DRN is over 10x faster than the state-of-the-art method for chromophore inversion and enables 25x improvement on the frame rate for in vivo real-time oxygenation mapping. The proposed deep learning model will help enable real-time and highly accurate chromophore monitoring with multi-fx SFDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yue Deng
- School of Astronautics, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuhua Yue
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Institute of Spacecraft Application System Engineering, China Academy of Space Technology, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Bowen Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
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Izzetti R, Oranges T, Janowska A, Gabriele M, Graziani F, Romanelli M. The Application of Ultra-High-Frequency Ultrasound in Dermatology and Wound Management. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2020; 19:334-340. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734620972815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The management of lower extremity wounds is frequently performed by means of clinical examination, representing a challenge for the clinician due to the various conditions that can potentially enter differential diagnosis. Several diagnostic techniques are available in the dermatologist’s arsenal as a support to diagnosis confirmation, including dermoscopy and ultrasonography. Recently, a novel ultrasonographic technique involving the use of ultra-high ultrasound frequencies has entered the scene, and appears a promising tool in the diagnostic workup of skin ulcerative lesions. The focus of this review is to discuss the potential role of ultra-high-frequency ultrasonography in the diagnostic workup of wounds in the light of the current applications of the technique.
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20
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Aguénounon E, Smith JT, Al-Taher M, Diana M, Intes X, Gioux S. Real-time, wide-field and high-quality single snapshot imaging of optical properties with profile correction using deep learning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:5701-5716. [PMID: 33149980 PMCID: PMC7587245 DOI: 10.1364/boe.397681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of real-time, wide-field and quantitative diffuse optical imaging methods to visualize functional and structural biomarkers of living tissues is a pressing need for numerous clinical applications including image-guided surgery. In this context, Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI) is an attractive method allowing for the fast estimation of optical properties using the Single Snapshot of Optical Properties (SSOP) approach. Herein, we present a novel implementation of SSOP based on a combination of deep learning network at the filtering stage and Graphics Processing Units (GPU) capable of simultaneous high visual quality image reconstruction, surface profile correction and accurate optical property (OP) extraction in real-time across large fields of view. In the most optimal implementation, the presented methodology demonstrates megapixel profile-corrected OP imaging with results comparable to that of profile-corrected SFDI, with a processing time of 18 ms and errors relative to SFDI method less than 10% in both profilometry and profile-corrected OPs. This novel processing framework lays the foundation for real-time multispectral quantitative diffuse optical imaging for surgical guidance and healthcare applications. All code and data used for this work is publicly available at www.healthphotonics.org under the resources tab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enagnon Aguénounon
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Jason T. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Mahdi Al-Taher
- Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Diana
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
- Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, IRCAD, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
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21
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In Vivo Assessment of Water Content, Trans-Epidermial Water Loss and Thickness in Human Facial Skin. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10176139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mapping facial skin in terms of its biophysical properties plays a fundamental role in many practical applications, including, among others, forensics, medical and beauty treatments, and cosmetic and restorative surgery. In this paper we present an in vivo evaluation of the water content, trans-epidermial water loss and skin thickness in six areas of the human face: cheeks, chin, forehead, lips, neck and nose. The experiments were performed on a population of healthy subjects through innovative sensing devices which enable fast yet accurate evaluations of the above parameters. A statistical analysis was carried out to determine significant differences between the facial areas investigated and clusters of statistically-indistinguishable areas. We found that water content was higher in the cheeks and neck and lower in the lips, whereas trans-epidermal water loss had higher values for the lips and lower ones for the neck. In terms of thickness the dermis exhibited three clusters, which, from thickest to thinnest were: chin and nose, cheek and forehead and lips and neck. The epidermis showed the same three clusters too, but with a different ordering in term of thickness. Finally, the stratum corneum presented two clusters: the thickest, formed by lips and neck, and the thinnest, formed by all the remaining areas. The results of this investigation can provide valuable guidelines for the evaluation of skin moisturisers and other cosmetic products, and can help guide choices in re-constructive/cosmetic surgery.
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22
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Izzetti R, Vitali S, Aringhieri G, Nisi M, Oranges T, Dini V, Ferro F, Baldini C, Romanelli M, Caramella D, Gabriele M. Ultra-High Frequency Ultrasound, A Promising Diagnostic Technique: Review of the Literature and Single-Center Experience. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 72:418-431. [PMID: 32721173 DOI: 10.1177/0846537120940684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ultra-high frequency ultrasonography (UHFUS) is a recently introduced diagnostic technique which finds several applications in diverse clinical fields. The range of frequencies between 30 and 100 MHz allows for high spatial resolution imaging of superficial structures, making this technique suitable for the imaging of skin, blood vessels, musculoskeletal anatomy, oral mucosa, and small parts. However, the current clinical applications of UHFUS have never been analyzed in a consistent multidisciplinary manner. The aim of this study is to revise and discuss the current applications of UHFUS in different aspects of research and clinical practice, as well as to provide some examples of the current work-in-progress carried out in our center. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search was performed in order to retrieve articles reporting the applications of UHFUS both in research and in clinical settings. Inclusion criteria were the use of frequencies above 30 MHz and study design conducted in vivo on human subjects. RESULTS In total 66 articles were retrieved. The majority of the articles focused on dermatological and vascular applications, although musculoskeletal and intraoral applications are emerging fields of use. We also describe our experience in the use of UHFUS as a valuable diagnostic support in the fields of dermatology, rheumatology, oral medicine, and musculoskeletal anatomy. CONCLUSION Ultra-high frequency ultrasonography application involves an increasing number of medical fields. The high spatial resolution and the superb image quality achievable allow to foresee a wider use of this novel technique, which has the potential to bring innovation in diagnostic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Izzetti
- Unit of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Saverio Vitali
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Aringhieri
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Nisi
- Unit of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Teresa Oranges
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Dini
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferro
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Baldini
- Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Romanelli
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Caramella
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Department of Translational Research and of New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Gabriele
- Unit of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, 9310University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Travers JB, Poon C, Bihl T, Rinehart B, Borchers C, Rohrbach DJ, Borchers S, Trevino J, Rubin M, Donnelly H, Kellawan K, Carpenter L, Bahl S, Rohan C, Muennich E, Guenthner S, Hahn H, Rkein A, Darst M, Mousdicas N, Cates E, Sunar U. Quantifying skin photodamage with spatial frequency domain imaging: statistical results. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4676-4683. [PMID: 31565518 PMCID: PMC6757479 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the change in optical properties and vascular parameters to characterize skin tissue from mild photodamage to actinic keratosis (AK) with comparison to a published photodamage scale. Multi-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) measurements were performed on the dorsal forearms of 55 adult subjects with various amounts of photodamage. Dermatologists rated the levels of photodamage based upon the photographs in blinded fashion to allow comparison with SFDI data. For characterization of statistical data, we used artificial neural networks. Our results indicate that optical and vascular parameters can be used to quantify photodamage and can discriminate between the stages as low, medium, and high grades, with the best performance of ∼70%, ∼76% and 80% for characterization of low- medium- and high-grade lesions, respectively. Ultimately, clinicians can use this noninvasive approach for risk assessment and frequent monitoring of high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428, USA
| | - Chien Poon
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Trevor Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Benjamin Rinehart
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Christina Borchers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rohrbach
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Samia Borchers
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Julian Trevino
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Max Rubin
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Heidi Donnelly
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Karl Kellawan
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Lydia Carpenter
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Shalini Bahl
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Craig Rohan
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Elizabeth Muennich
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | | | - Holly Hahn
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Ali Rkein
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Marc Darst
- Charlotte Dermatology, Charlotte, NC 28277, USA
| | - Nico Mousdicas
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cates
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
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Gioux S, Mazhar A, Cuccia DJ. Spatial frequency domain imaging in 2019: principles, applications, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-18. [PMID: 31222987 PMCID: PMC6995958 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) has witnessed very rapid growth over the last decade, owing to its unique capabilities for imaging optical properties and chromophores over a large field-of-view and in a rapid manner. We provide a comprehensive review of the principles of this imaging method as of 2019, review the modeling of light propagation in this domain, describe acquisition methods, provide an understanding of the various implementations and their practical limitations, and finally review applications that have been published in the literature. Importantly, we also introduce a group effort by several key actors in the field for the dissemination of SFDI, including publications, advice in hardware and implementations, and processing code, all freely available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
- Address all correspondence to Sylvain Gioux, E-mail:
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Gioux S, Mazhar A, Cuccia DJ. Spatial frequency domain imaging in 2019: principles, applications, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019. [PMID: 31222987 DOI: 10.1117/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) has witnessed very rapid growth over the last decade, owing to its unique capabilities for imaging optical properties and chromophores over a large field-of-view and in a rapid manner. We provide a comprehensive review of the principles of this imaging method as of 2019, review the modeling of light propagation in this domain, describe acquisition methods, provide an understanding of the various implementations and their practical limitations, and finally review applications that have been published in the literature. Importantly, we also introduce a group effort by several key actors in the field for the dissemination of SFDI, including publications, advice in hardware and implementations, and processing code, all freely available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
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Steelman ZA, Ho DS, Chu KK, Wax A. Light scattering methods for tissue diagnosis. OPTICA 2019; 6:479-489. [PMID: 33043100 PMCID: PMC7544148 DOI: 10.1364/optica.6.000479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Light scattering has become a common biomedical research tool, enabling diagnostic sensitivity to myriad tissue alterations associated with disease. Light-tissue interactions are particularly attractive for diagnostics due to the variety of contrast mechanisms that can be used, including spectral, angle-resolved, and Fourier-domain detection. Photonic diagnostic tools offer further benefit in that they are non-ionizing, non-invasive, and give real-time feedback. In this review, we summarize recent innovations in light scattering technologies, with a focus on clinical achievements over the previous ten years.
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Aguénounon E, Dadouche F, Uhring W, Gioux S. Single snapshot of optical properties image quality improvement using anisotropic two-dimensional windows filtering. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-21. [PMID: 30927346 PMCID: PMC6996016 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Imaging methods permitting real-time, wide-field, and quantitative optical mapping of biological tissue properties offer an unprecedented range of applications for clinical use. Following the development of spatial frequency domain imaging, we introduce a real-time demodulation method called single snapshot of optical properties (SSOPs). However, since this method uses only a single image to generate absorption and reduced scattering maps, it was limited by a degraded image quality resulting in artifacts that diminished its potential for clinical use. We present filtering strategies for improving the image quality of optical properties maps obtained using SSOPs. We investigate the effect of anisotropic two-dimensional filtering strategies for spatial frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 mm - 1 directly onto N = 10 hands. Both accuracy and image quality of the optical properties are quantified in comparison with standard, multiple image acquisitions in the spatial frequency domain. Overall, using optimized filters, mean errors in predicting optical properties using SSOP remain under 8.8% in absorption and 7.5% in reduced scattering, while significantly improving image quality. Overall this work contributes to advance real-time, wide-field, and quantitative diffuse optical imaging toward clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Foudil Dadouche
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Illkirch, France
| | - Wilfried Uhring
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Illkirch, France
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Illkirch, France
- Address all correspondence to Sylvain Gioux, E-mail:
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Angelo JP, Chen SJ, Ochoa M, Sunar U, Gioux S, Intes X. Review of structured light in diffuse optical imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 24:1-20. [PMID: 30218503 PMCID: PMC6676045 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse optical imaging probes deep living tissue enabling structural, functional, metabolic, and molecular imaging. Recently, due to the availability of spatial light modulators, wide-field quantitative diffuse optical techniques have been implemented, which benefit greatly from structured light methodologies. Such implementations facilitate the quantification and characterization of depth-resolved optical and physiological properties of thick and deep tissue at fast acquisition speeds. We summarize the current state of work and applications in the three main techniques leveraging structured light: spatial frequency-domain imaging, optical tomography, and single-pixel imaging. The theory, measurement, and analysis of spatial frequency-domain imaging are described. Then, advanced theories, processing, and imaging systems are summarized. Preclinical and clinical applications on physiological measurements for guidance and diagnosis are summarized. General theory and method development of tomographic approaches as well as applications including fluorescence molecular tomography are introduced. Lastly, recent developments of single-pixel imaging methodologies and applications are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Angelo
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Sensor Science Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Joseph P. Angelo, E-mail: ; Sez-Jade Chen, E-mail:
| | - Sez-Jade Chen
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Troy, New York, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Joseph P. Angelo, E-mail: ; Sez-Jade Chen, E-mail:
| | - Marien Ochoa
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Troy, New York, United States
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Wright State University, Department of Biomedical Industrial and Human Factor Engineering, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier Intes
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Troy, New York, United States
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29
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Nothelfer S, Bergmann F, Liemert A, Reitzle D, Kienle A. Spatial frequency domain imaging using an analytical model for separation of surface and volume scattering. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 24:1-10. [PMID: 30218505 PMCID: PMC6995876 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A method to correct for surface scattering in spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is presented. The use of a modified analytical solution of the radiative transfer equation allows calculation of the reflectance and the phase of a rough semi-infinite geometry so that both spatial frequency domain reflectance and phase can be applied for precise retrieval of the bulk optical properties and the surface scattering. For validation of the method, phantoms with different surface roughness were produced. Contrarily, with the modified theory, it was possible to dramatically reduce systematic errors due to surface scattering. The evaluation of these measurements with the state-of-the-art theory and measuring modality, i.e., using crossed linear polarizers, reveals large errors in the determined optical properties, depending on the surface roughness, of up to ≈100 % . These results were confirmed with SFDI measurements on a phantom that has a structured rough surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Nothelfer
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, Ulm, Germany
- Address all correspondence to: Steffen Nothelfer, E-mail:
| | - Florian Bergmann
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, Ulm, Germany
| | - André Liemert
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Reitzle
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alwin Kienle
- Institut für Lasertechnologien in der Medizin und Meßtechnik, Ulm, Germany
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Poon C, Sunar U, Rohrbach DJ, Krishnamurthy S, Olsen T, Kent M, Weir NM, Simman R, Travers JB. Early assessment of burn severity in human tissue ex vivo with multi-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:251-254. [PMID: 29859991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early knowledge about burn severity and depth can lead to improved outcome for patients. In this study, we investigated the change in optical properties in ex vivo human skin following thermal burn injuries. Human skin removed during body contouring procedures was subjected to thermal burn injury for either 10 or 60 s. Multi-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) measurements were performed on each sample and the optical properties (absorption and scattering parameters) were obtained at each wavelength. Multi-wavelength fitting was used to quantify absorption and scattering parameters, and these parameters were compared to histologic assessments of burn depth related to burn severity. Our results indicated substantial changes in optical scattering parameters and these changes correlated well with the burn severity and depth, and fit closely with previously reported studies using porcine in vivo models. This study provides the characterization of thermal burn injury on human skin ex vivo by using the optical method of SFDI with high sensitivity and specificity. This preclinical human model system without live animals could have uses in testing the imaging parameters of other skin injuries, including from caustic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Poon
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Daniel J Rohrbach
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Smita Krishnamurthy
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428, USA; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Dermpathology Laboratory of Central States, Dayton, OH 45459, USA
| | - Michael Kent
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Dermpathology Laboratory of Central States, Dayton, OH 45459, USA
| | - Nathan M Weir
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Richard Simman
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA; Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428, USA.
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31
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Saager RB, Baldado ML, Rowland RA, Kelly KM, Durkin AJ. Method using in vivo quantitative spectroscopy to guide design and optimization of low-cost, compact clinical imaging devices: emulation and evaluation of multispectral imaging systems. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-12. [PMID: 29633609 PMCID: PMC5890028 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.4.046002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
With recent proliferation in compact and/or low-cost clinical multispectral imaging approaches and commercially available components, questions remain whether they adequately capture the requisite spectral content of their applications. We present a method to emulate the spectral range and resolution of a variety of multispectral imagers, based on in-vivo data acquired from spatial frequency domain spectroscopy (SFDS). This approach simulates spectral responses over 400 to 1100 nm. Comparing emulated data with full SFDS spectra of in-vivo tissue affords the opportunity to evaluate whether the sparse spectral content of these imagers can (1) account for all sources of optical contrast present (completeness) and (2) robustly separate and quantify sources of optical contrast (crosstalk). We validate the approach over a range of tissue-simulating phantoms, comparing the SFDS-based emulated spectra against measurements from an independently characterized multispectral imager. Emulated results match the imager across all phantoms (<3 % absorption, <1 % reduced scattering). In-vivo test cases (burn wounds and photoaging) illustrate how SFDS can be used to evaluate different multispectral imagers. This approach provides an in-vivo measurement method to evaluate the performance of multispectral imagers specific to their targeted clinical applications and can assist in the design and optimization of new spectral imaging devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf B. Saager
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Melissa L. Baldado
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Rebecca A. Rowland
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Kristen M. Kelly
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, California, United States
- University of California, Department of Dermatology, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Anthony J. Durkin
- University of California, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Irvine, California, United States
- University of California, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California, United States
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32
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Chen X, Lin W, Wang C, Chen S, Sheng J, Zeng B, Xu M. In vivo real-time imaging of cutaneous hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, scattering properties, melanin content, and epidermal thickness with visible spatially modulated light. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:5468-5482. [PMID: 29296481 PMCID: PMC5745096 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.005468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the real-time single snapshot multiple frequency demodulation - spatial frequency domain imaging (SSMD-SFDI) platform implemented with a visible digital mirror device that is capable of imaging and monitoring dynamic turbid medium and processes over a large field of view. One challenge in quantitative imaging of biological tissue such as the skin is the complex structure rendering techniques based on homogeneous medium models to fail. To address this difficulty we have also developed a novel method that maps the layered structure to a homogeneous medium for spatial frequency domain imaging. The varying penetration depth of spatially modulated light on its wavelength and modulation frequency is used to resolve the layered structure. The efficacy of the real-time SSMD-SFDI platform and this two-layer model is demonstrated by imaging forearms of 6 healthy subjects under the reactive hyperemia protocol. The results show that our approach not only successfully decouples light absorption by melanin from that by hemoglobin and yields accurate determination of cutaneous hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation, but also provides reliable estimation of the scattering properties, the melanin content and the epidermal thickness in real time. Potential applications of our system in imaging skin physiological and functional states, cancer screening, and microcirculation monitoring are discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Chen
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Weihao Lin
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Chenge Wang
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Shaoheng Chen
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jing Sheng
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Bixin Zeng
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - M. Xu
- Institute of Lasers and Biomedical Photonics, Biomedical Engineering College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Dept. of Physics, Fairfield University, 1073 North Road, Fairfield, CT 06824, USA
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Saager RB, Dang AN, Huang SS, Kelly KM, Durkin AJ. Portable (handheld) clinical device for quantitative spectroscopy of skin, utilizing spatial frequency domain reflectance techniques. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:094302. [PMID: 28964218 PMCID: PMC5589466 DOI: 10.1063/1.5001075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Spatial Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (SFDS) is a technique for quantifying in-vivo tissue optical properties. SFDS employs structured light patterns that are projected onto tissues using a spatial light modulator, such as a digital micromirror device. In combination with appropriate models of light propagation, this technique can be used to quantify tissue optical properties (absorption, μa, and scattering, μs', coefficients) and chromophore concentrations. Here we present a handheld implementation of an SFDS device that employs line (one dimensional) imaging. This instrument can measure 1088 spatial locations that span a 3 cm line as opposed to our original benchtop SFDS system that only collects a single 1 mm diameter spot. This imager, however, retains the spectral resolution (∼1 nm) and range (450-1000 nm) of our original benchtop SFDS device. In the context of homogeneous turbid media, we demonstrate that this new system matches the spectral response of our original system to within 1% across a typical range of spatial frequencies (0-0.35 mm-1). With the new form factor, the device has tremendously improved mobility and portability, allowing for greater ease of use in a clinical setting. A smaller size also enables access to different tissue locations, which increases the flexibility of the device. The design of this portable system not only enables SFDS to be used in clinical settings but also enables visualization of properties of layered tissues such as skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf B Saager
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - An N Dang
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Samantha S Huang
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Kristen M Kelly
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, USA
| | - Anthony J Durkin
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, USA
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Sierra H, Yélamos O, Cordova M, Chen CSJ, Rajadhyaksha M. Reflectance confocal microscopy-guided laser ablation of basal cell carcinomas: initial clinical experience. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-13. [PMID: 28831793 PMCID: PMC5566590 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.8.085005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Laser ablation offers a procedure for precise, fast, and minimally invasive removal of superficial and early nodular basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). However, the lack of histopathological confirmation has been a limitation toward widespread use in the clinic. A reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) imaging-guided approach offers cellular-level histopathology-like feedback directly on the patient, which may then guide and help improve the efficacy of the ablation procedure. Following an ex vivo benchtop study (reported in our earlier papers), we performed an initial study on 44 BCCs on 21 patients in vivo, using a pulsed erbium:ytterbium aluminum garnet laser and a contrast agent (aluminum chloride). In 10 lesions on six patients, the RCM imaging-guided detection of either presence of residual tumor or complete clearance was immediately confirmed with histopathology. Additionally, 34 BCCs on 15 patients were treated with RCM imaging-guided laser ablation, with immediate confirmation for clearance of tumor (no histopathology), followed by longer-term monitoring, currently in progress, with follow-up imaging (again, no histopathology) at 3, 6, and 18 months. Thus far, the imaging resolution appears to be sufficient and consistent for monitoring efficacy of ablation in the wound, both immediately postablation and subsequently during recovery. The efficacy results appear to be promising, with observed clearance in 19 cases of 22 cases with follow-ups ranging from 6 to 21 months. An additional 12 cases with 1 to 3 months of follow-ups has shown clearance of tumor but a longer follow-up time is required to establish conclusive results. Further instrumentation development will be necessary to cover larger areas with a more automatically controlled instrument for more uniform, faster, and deeper imaging of margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidy Sierra
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York, United States
| | - Oriol Yélamos
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York, United States
- Universitat de Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Dermatology Department, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Cordova
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York, United States
| | - Chih-Shan Jason Chen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York, United States
| | - Milind Rajadhyaksha
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dermatology Service, New York, New York, United States
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Travers JB, Poon C, Rohrbach DJ, Weir NM, Cates E, Hager F, Sunar U. Noninvasive mesoscopic imaging of actinic skin damage using spatial frequency domain imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:3045-3052. [PMID: 28663925 PMCID: PMC5480448 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.003045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
For prevention and accurate intervention planning, it is crucial to predict if lesions will progress towards cancer. In this study, we investigated the change in optical properties and vascular parameters to characterize skin tissue from mild photodamage to actinic keratosis (AK). Multi-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) measurements were performed on three patients with clinically normal skin, as well as pre-cancerous actinic keratosis lesions. Our results indicate that there exist significant differences in both optical and vascular parameters between these patients, and that these parameters can be early biomarkers of neoplasia. Ultimately, clinicians can use this noninvasive approach for frequent monitoring of high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Chien Poon
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
| | - Daniel J. Rohrbach
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Nathan M. Weir
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cates
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Faye Hager
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
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Does ultrasound measurement improve the accuracy of electronic brachytherapy in the treatment of superficial non-melanomatous skin cancer? J Contemp Brachytherapy 2017; 9:14-19. [PMID: 28344599 PMCID: PMC5346604 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2017.65476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Electronic brachytherapy (eBT) is a form of contact radiation therapy used for thin superficial non-melanomatous skin cancers (NMSCs). An accurate measurement of diameter and depth is important for eBT treatment planning. Therefore, we compared clinical measurements by an experienced physician to measurements obtained using ultrasound (US), an objective imaging modality, in order to determine if clinical measurements were accurate enough for adequate NMSC treatment. Material and methods Eighteen patients with 20 biopsy-proven NMSCs first had a clinical examination and then an US evaluation prior to starting eBT. One physician provided a clinical measurement for diameter and depth based on physical examination during radiation oncology consultation. The patients then had an US evaluation with a 14 or 18 MHz US unit, to determine both the diameter and depth measurements; eBT dose prescription was done using the US derived measurements. The clinical measurements and US measurements were compared using a t-test. Results Seventeen lesions were basal cell carcinoma and 3 lesions were squamous cell carcinoma. The most common location was the nose (10 lesions). The difference between the clinical and the US derived measurements for the second largest diameter was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.03), while the difference for the largest diameter of the lesions was not (p = 0.24). More importantly, the depth measurements obtained with US were also found to be significantly different from the clinical estimates (p = 0.02). All patients have had a complete response to therapy with a median follow-up of 24 months. Conclusions Statistically different measurements were obtained in 2 of 3 parameters used in choosing applicator size and prescription depth using an US assessment. The data presented suggests that US is a more objective modality than clinical judgment for determining superficial NMSC diameter and prescription depth for personalized eBT planning.
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37
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Tabassum S, Zhao Y, Istfan R, Wu J, Waxman DJ, Roblyer D. Feasibility of spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) for optically characterizing a preclinical oncology model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4154-4170. [PMID: 27867722 PMCID: PMC5102554 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Determination of chemotherapy efficacy early during treatment would provide more opportunities for physicians to alter and adapt treatment plans. Diffuse optical technologies may be ideally suited to track early biological events following chemotherapy administration due to low cost and high information content. We evaluated the use of spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) to characterize a small animal tumor model in order to move towards the goal of endogenous optical monitoring of cancer therapy in a controlled preclinical setting. The effects of key measurement parameters including the choice of imaging spatial frequency and the repeatability of measurements were evaluated. The precision of SFDI optical property extractions over repeat mouse measurements was determined to be within 3.52% for move and replace experiments. Baseline optical properties and chromophore values as well as intratumor heterogeneity were evaluated over 25 tumors. Additionally, tumor growth and chemotherapy response were monitored over a 45 day longitudinal study in a small number of mice to demonstrate the ability of SFDI to track treatment effects. Optical scattering and oxygen saturation increased as much as 70% and 25% respectively in treated tumors, suggesting SFDI may be useful for preclinical tracking of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Tabassum
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, MA 02215,USA
| | - Yanyu Zhao
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Raeef Istfan
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Junjie Wu
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David J. Waxman
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology and Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Darren Roblyer
- Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Zhao Y, Tabassum S, Piracha S, Nandhu MS, Viapiano M, Roblyer D. Angle correction for small animal tumor imaging with spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:2373-84. [PMID: 27375952 PMCID: PMC4918590 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.002373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is a widefield imaging technique that allows for the quantitative extraction of tissue optical properties. SFDI is currently being explored for small animal tumor imaging, but severe imaging artifacts occur for highly curved surfaces (e.g. the tumor edge). We propose a modified Lambertian angle correction, adapted from the Minnaert correction method for satellite imagery, to account for tissue surface angles up to 75°. The method was tested in a hemisphere phantom study as well as a small animal tumor model. The proposed method reduced µa and µs` extraction errors by an average of 64% and 16% respectively compared to performing no angle correction, and provided more physiologically agreeable optical property and chromophore values on tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Zhao
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Syeda Tabassum
- Boston University, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, 8 Saint Mary’s Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Shaheer Piracha
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Mohan Sobhana Nandhu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Mariano Viapiano
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 4 Blackfan Circle, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Darren Roblyer
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Saager RB, Sharif A, Kelly KM, Durkin AJ. In vivo isolation of the effects of melanin from underlying hemodynamics across skin types using spatial frequency domain spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:57001. [PMID: 27143641 PMCID: PMC4890358 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.5.057001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Skin is a highly structured tissue, raising concerns as to whether skin pigmentation due to epidermal melanin may confound accurate measurements of underlying hemodynamics. Using both venous and arterial cuff occlusions as a means of inducing differential hemodynamic perturbations, we present analyses of spectra limited to the visible or near-infrared regime, in addition to a layered model approach. The influence of melanin, spanning Fitzpatrick skin types I to V, on underlying estimations of hemodynamics in skin as interpreted by these spectral regions are assessed. The layered model provides minimal cross-talk between melanin and hemodynamics and enables removal of problematic correlations between measured tissue oxygenation estimates and skin phototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf B. Saager
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Rolf B. Saager, E-mail:
| | - Ata Sharif
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Kristen M. Kelly
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Dermatology, 118 Medical Surge 1, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Anthony J. Durkin
- University of California, Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, 1002 Health Sciences Road East, Irvine, California 92612, United States
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40
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DiGiacinto D, Bagley J, Goldsbury AM. The Value of Sonography in the Assessment of Skin Cancers and Their Metastases. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/8756479316643959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Skin cancer has become more prevalent in recent years, and finding ways to assess and characterize it prior to excision is important. Sonography can be an integral part of the preoperative and follow-up assessment of melanoma, metastatic lymph nodes, and nonmelanoma skin cancers. A review of the literature is reported, indicating that sonography appears to be effective at showing lesion thickness, defining lesion borders, and helping to identify whether lymph nodes are metastatic; however, it cannot differentiate among the types of skin cancer. Based on these findings, best practice scanning techniques are outlined for sonographers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora DiGiacinto
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer Bagley
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, OK, USA
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A pilot study of ultrasound-guided electronic brachytherapy for skin cancer. J Contemp Brachytherapy 2015; 7:374-80. [PMID: 26622244 PMCID: PMC4663218 DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2015.55538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Electronic brachytherapy (eBT) has gained acceptance over the past 5 years for the treatment of non-melanomatous skin cancer (NMSC). Although the prescription depth and radial margins can be chosen using clinical judgment based on visual and biopsy-derived information, we sought a more objective modality of measurement for eBT planning by using ultrasound (US) to measure superficial (< 5 mm depth) lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS From December 2013 to April 2015, 19 patients with 23 pathologically proven NMSCs underwent a clinical examination and US evaluation of the lesions prior to initiating a course of eBT. Twenty lesions were basal cell carcinoma and 3 lesions were squamous cell carcinoma. The most common location was the nose (10 lesions). A 14 or 18 MHz US unit was used by an experienced radiologist to determine depth and lateral extension of lesions. The US-measured depth was then used to define prescription depth for eBT planning without an added margin. A margin of 7 mm was added radially to the US lateral extent measurements, and an appropriate cone applicator size was chosen to cover the target volume. RESULTS The mean depth of the lesions was 2.1 mm with a range of 1-3.4 mm, and the mean largest diameter of the lesions was 8 mm with a range of 2.6-20 mm. Dose ranged from 32-50 Gy in 8-20 fractions with a median dose of 40 Gy in 10 fractions. All patients had a complete response and no failures have occurred with a median follow-up of 12 months (range of 6-22 months). Also, no prolonged skin toxicities have occurred. CONCLUSIONS A routinely available radiological US unit can objectively determine depth and lateral extension of NMSC lesions for more accurate eBT treatment planning, and should be considered in future eBT treatment guidelines.
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van de Giessen M, Angelo JP, Gioux S. Real-time, profile-corrected single snapshot imaging of optical properties. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4051-62. [PMID: 26504653 PMCID: PMC4605062 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel acquisition and processing method that enables real-time, single snapshot of optical properties (SSOP) and 3-dimensional (3D) profile measurements in the spatial frequency domain is described. This method makes use of a dual sinusoidal wave projection pattern permitting to extract the DC and AC components in the frequency domain to recover optical properties as well as the phase for measuring the 3D profile. In this method, the 3D profile is used to correct for the effect of sample's height and angle and directly obtain profile-corrected absorption and reduced scattering maps from a single acquired image. In this manuscript, the 3D-SSOP method is described and validated on tissue-mimicking phantoms as well as in vivo, in comparison with the standard profile-corrected SFDI (3D-SFDI) method. On average, in comparison with 3D-SFDI method, the 3D-SSOP method allows to recover the profile within 1.2mm and profile-corrected optical properties within 12% for absorption and 6% for reduced scattering over a large field-of-view and in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn van de Giessen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph P. Angelo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- ICube Laboratory, University of Strasbourg, 300 Bd S. Brant, 67412 Illkirch cedex, France
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43
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Rohrbach DJ, Zeitouni NC, Muffoletto D, Saager R, Tromberg BJ, Sunar U. Characterization of nonmelanoma skin cancer for light therapy using spatial frequency domain imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1761-6. [PMID: 26137378 PMCID: PMC4467704 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The dosimetry of light-based therapies critically depends on both optical and vascular parameters. We utilized spatial frequency domain imaging to quantify optical and vascular parameters, as well as estimated light penetration depth from 17 nonmelanoma skin cancer patients. Our data indicates that there exist substantial spatial variations in these parameters. Characterization of these parameters may inform understanding and optimization of the clinical response of light-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Rohrbach
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY,
USA
| | | | - Daniel Muffoletto
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY,
USA
| | - Rolf Saager
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA,
USA
| | - Bruce J. Tromberg
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA,
USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY,
USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY,
USA
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45
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Yuan G, Alqasemi U, Chen A, Yang Y, Zhu Q. Light-emitting diode-based multiwavelength diffuse optical tomography system guided by ultrasound. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:126003. [PMID: 25473884 PMCID: PMC4255433 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.12.126003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Laser diodes are widely used in diffuse optical tomography (DOT) systems but are typically expensive and fragile, while light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are cheaper and are also available in the near-infrared (NIR) range with adequate output power for imaging deeply seated targets. In this study, we introduce a new low-cost DOT system using LEDs of four wavelengths in the NIR spectrum as light sources. The LEDs were modulated at 20 kHz to avoid ambient light. The LEDs were distributed on a hand-held probe and a printed circuit board was mounted at the back of the probe to separately provide switching and driving current to each LED. Ten optical fibers were used to couple the reflected light to 10 parallel photomultiplier tube detectors. A commercial ultrasound system provided simultaneous images of target location and size to guide the image reconstruction. A frequency-domain (FD) laser-diode-based system with ultrasound guidance was also used to compare the results obtained from those of the LED-based system. Results of absorbers embedded in intralipid and inhomogeneous tissue phantoms have demonstrated that the LED-based system provides a comparable quantification accuracy of targets to the FD system and has the potential to image deep targets such as breast lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqian Yuan
- University of Connecticut, Biomedical Engineering Department, 260 Glenbrook Road; U-3247, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3247, United States
| | - Umar Alqasemi
- University of Connecticut, Biomedical Engineering Department, 260 Glenbrook Road; U-3247, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3247, United States
| | - Aaron Chen
- University of Pennsylvania, College of Art and Sciences, 249 South 36th Street, Philadelphia 19104-6304, United States
| | - Yi Yang
- University of Connecticut, Departments of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 371 Fairfield Way; U-4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157, United States
| | - Quing Zhu
- University of Connecticut, Biomedical Engineering Department, 260 Glenbrook Road; U-3247, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3247, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, College of Art and Sciences, 249 South 36th Street, Philadelphia 19104-6304, United States
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Pogue BW, Busch D, Li LZ, Zhang H, Shieh DB. Introduction to the special issue: Britton Chance 100th commemorative. Acad Radiol 2014; 21:137-8. [PMID: 24439326 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, 14 Engineering Drive, Hanover, NH 03755.
| | - David Busch
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lin Z Li
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Division of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dar-Bin Shieh
- College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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