1
|
Yue Y, Baltes M, Abuhajar N, Sun T, Karanth A, Smith CD, Bihl T, Liu J. Spiking neural networks fine-tuning for brain image segmentation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1267639. [PMID: 38027484 PMCID: PMC10646327 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1267639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The field of machine learning has undergone a significant transformation with the progress of deep artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the growing accessibility of annotated data. ANNs usually require substantial power and memory usage to achieve optimal performance. Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have recently emerged as a low-power alternative to ANNs due to their sparsity nature. Despite their energy efficiency, SNNs are generally more difficult to be trained than ANNs. Methods In this study, we propose a novel three-stage SNN training scheme designed specifically for segmenting human hippocampi from magnetic resonance images. Our training pipeline starts with optimizing an ANN to its maximum capacity, then employs a quick ANN-SNN conversion to initialize the corresponding spiking network. This is followed by spike-based backpropagation to fine-tune the converted SNN. In order to understand the reason behind performance decline in the converted SNNs, we conduct a set of experiments to investigate the output scaling issue. Furthermore, we explore the impact of binary and ternary representations in SNN networks and conduct an empirical evaluation of their performance through image classification and segmentation tasks. Results and discussion By employing our hybrid training scheme, we observe significant advantages over both ANN-SNN conversion and direct SNN training solutions in terms of segmentation accuracy and training efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our model in achieving our design goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yue
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Marc Baltes
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Nidal Abuhajar
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Tao Sun
- Centrum Wiskunde and Informatica (CWI), Machine Learning Group, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Avinash Karanth
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Charles D. Smith
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Trevor Bihl
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jundong Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Webb T, Fu S, Bihl T, Holyoak KJ, Lu H. Zero-shot visual reasoning through probabilistic analogical mapping. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5144. [PMID: 37620313 PMCID: PMC10449798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human reasoning is grounded in an ability to identify highly abstract commonalities governing superficially dissimilar visual inputs. Recent efforts to develop algorithms with this capacity have largely focused on approaches that require extensive direct training on visual reasoning tasks, and yield limited generalization to problems with novel content. In contrast, a long tradition of research in cognitive science has focused on elucidating the computational principles underlying human analogical reasoning; however, this work has generally relied on manually constructed representations. Here we present visiPAM (visual Probabilistic Analogical Mapping), a model of visual reasoning that synthesizes these two approaches. VisiPAM employs learned representations derived directly from naturalistic visual inputs, coupled with a similarity-based mapping operation derived from cognitive theories of human reasoning. We show that without any direct training, visiPAM outperforms a state-of-the-art deep learning model on an analogical mapping task. In addition, visiPAM closely matches the pattern of human performance on a novel task involving mapping of 3D objects across disparate categories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Webb
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Shuhao Fu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Trevor Bihl
- Sensors Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA
| | - Keith J Holyoak
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Hongjing Lu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yerrapragada SM, Sawant H, Chen S, Bihl T, Wang J, Bihl JC. The protective effects of miR-210 modified endothelial progenitor cells released exosomes in hypoxia/reoxygenation injured neurons. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114211. [PMID: 36027941 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) provide beneficial effects on ischemic stroke by reducing oxidative stress, which could be through EPCs-released exosomes (EPC-EXs). EXs are emerging as a bioagent for mediating cell-cell communications via their carried microRNAs (miR). miR-210 is shown to provide a neuroprotection effect against ischemic stroke. Here, we aimed to determine whether the combination of EPC-EXs and miR-210 would provide an enhanced protective effect on neurons. The hypoxia and reoxygenation (H/R) model were applied to neurons to mimic the ischemic injury of neurons. EPCs were transfected with miR-210 mimic to elevate the level of miR-210 in cells and EPC-EXs (miR210-EPC-EXs). For functional studies, EPC-EXs were co-incubated with H/R-injured neurons, then the cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined. The results showed 1) H/R induced apoptosis and ROS overproduction in neurons; 2) miR-210 mimic increased the level of miR-210 in both EPCs and EPC-EXs; 3) EPCs cultured in serum-free medium released more exosomes in comparison with cells grown in complete growth media, suggesting serum starving induce the release of EXs; 4) After transfection, EPCs grown in complete media had almost 50 times higher miR-210 level than EPCs had in serum-free media, while the EPCs-EXs isolated from the complete media has lower miR-210 expression than from the serum-free media in a time-dependent manner, suggesting the transfer of miR-210 through EXs; 5) After co-incubation, EPC-EXs and miR210-EPC-EXs were uptaken by neurons, and the miR-210 level in neurons was elevated by miR210-EPC-EXs; 6) miR210-EPC-EXs were more effective in promoting cell viability and decreasing apoptosis and ROS production than EPC-EXs. The present study demonstrated that EPCs-carried miR-210 could be released and transferred to neurons in a time-dependent manner and that miR-210 loading can enhance the protective effects of EPC-EXs on H/R-induced neuron apoptosis, oxidative stress, and decreased viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sri Meghana Yerrapragada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Harshal Sawant
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Shuzhen Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Trevor Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Jinju Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - Ji Chen Bihl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bayless S, Bihl T, Rohan CA, Travers JB, Whitney E. Inappropriate Testing of Streptococcal Pharyngitis in Children Aged Below 3 Years: Application of Statistical Process Control. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2022; 62:309-315. [PMID: 36171730 DOI: 10.1177/00099228221125823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Group A strep tests in patients aged below 3 years are not recommended unless the patient has appropriate symptoms and a positive contact or signs of complications. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to increase the percentage of appropriately ordered strep tests among providers. Data were collected retrospectively and prospectively from 1163 patient visits. Providers were exposed to educational interventions, an electronic medical record order change, and provider feedback. Proportional control charts characterized the providers' behaviors and determined significant improvement among testing. The result was an increase in appropriate tests (13.7% to 37.8%), and the control charts showed sustainable results over time. This project demonstrates the efficacy of these methods to encourage antibiotic stewardship among providers. Furthermore, the interventions used here can be applied to other areas with low-value diagnostic testing. Future studies should investigate whether parental anxiety and educational programs influence testing and evaluate the efficacy of certain strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharlo Bayless
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.,Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Trevor Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical, Industrial and Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Craig A Rohan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.,Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Eric Whitney
- Department of Pediatrics, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA.,Dayton Children's Hospital, Dayton, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schmeusser B, Borchers C, Travers JB, Borchers S, Trevino J, Rubin M, Donnelly H, Kellawan K, Carpenter L, Bahl S, Rohan C, Muennich E, Guenthner S, Hahn H, Rkein A, Darst M, Mousdicas N, Cates E, Sunar U, Bihl T. Inter- and Intra-physician variation in quantifying actinic keratosis skin photodamage. J Clin Investig Dermatol 2020; 8:4. [PMID: 33088904 PMCID: PMC7575200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the variations in physician evaluation of skin photodamage based on a published photodamage scale. Of interest is the utility of a 10-level scale ranging from none and mild photodamage to actinic keratosis (AK). The dorsal forearms of 55 adult subjects with various amounts of photodamage were considered. Each forearm was independently evaluated by 15 board-certified dermatologists according to the Global Assessment Severity Scale ranging from 0 (less severe) to 9 (the most progressed stage of skin damage). Dermatologists rated the levels of photodamage based upon the photographs in blinded fashion. Results show substantial disagreement amongst the dermatologists on the severity of photodamage. Our results indicate that ratings could be more consistent if using a scale of less levels (5-levels or 3-levels). Ultimately, clinicians can use this knowledge to provide better interpretation of inter-rater evaluations and provide more reliable assessment and frequent monitoring of high-risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schmeusser
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Christina Borchers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, 45428, USA
| | - Samia Borchers
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Julian Trevino
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Max Rubin
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Heidi Donnelly
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Karl Kellawan
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Lydia Carpenter
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Shalini Bahl
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Craig Rohan
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Elizabeth Muennich
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | | | - Holly Hahn
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Ali Rkein
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Marc Darst
- Charlotte Dermatology, Charlotte, NC 28277, USA
| | - Nico Mousdicas
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cates
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Trevor Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Travers JB, Poon C, Bihl T, Rinehart B, Borchers C, Rohrbach DJ, Borchers S, Trevino J, Rubin M, Donnelly H, Kellawan K, Carpenter L, Bahl S, Rohan C, Muennich E, Guenthner S, Hahn H, Rkein A, Darst M, Mousdicas N, Cates E, Sunar U. Quantifying skin photodamage with spatial frequency domain imaging: statistical results. Biomed Opt Express 2019; 10:4676-4683. [PMID: 31565518 PMCID: PMC6757479 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the change in optical properties and vascular parameters to characterize skin tissue from mild photodamage to actinic keratosis (AK) with comparison to a published photodamage scale. Multi-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) measurements were performed on the dorsal forearms of 55 adult subjects with various amounts of photodamage. Dermatologists rated the levels of photodamage based upon the photographs in blinded fashion to allow comparison with SFDI data. For characterization of statistical data, we used artificial neural networks. Our results indicate that optical and vascular parameters can be used to quantify photodamage and can discriminate between the stages as low, medium, and high grades, with the best performance of ∼70%, ∼76% and 80% for characterization of low- medium- and high-grade lesions, respectively. Ultimately, clinicians can use this noninvasive approach for risk assessment and frequent monitoring of high-risk populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428, USA
| | - Chien Poon
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Trevor Bihl
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Benjamin Rinehart
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Christina Borchers
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rohrbach
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Samia Borchers
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Julian Trevino
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Max Rubin
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Heidi Donnelly
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Karl Kellawan
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Lydia Carpenter
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Shalini Bahl
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Craig Rohan
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Elizabeth Muennich
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | | | - Holly Hahn
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Ali Rkein
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Marc Darst
- Charlotte Dermatology, Charlotte, NC 28277, USA
| | - Nico Mousdicas
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cates
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Biomedical, Industrial & Human Factors Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruffieux N, Colombo F, Gentaz E, Annoni JM, Chouiter L, Roulin Hefti S, Ruffieux A, Bihl T. Successful neuropsychological rehabilitation in a patient with Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome. Appl Neuropsychol Child 2016; 6:180-188. [PMID: 27049666 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2015.1092087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this case study was to describe the neuropsychological rehabilitation of a 16-year-old patient who presented a Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS) following a bilateral cerebellar hemorrhage. The patient presented severe and diffuse cognitive deficits, massive behavioral disorders, and emotion regulation difficulties. The cognitive rehabilitation was performed in the chronic phase (one year after the onset of the hemorrhage) using a transdisciplinary neurobehavioral approach based on the patient's favorite interest (soccer). A significant behavioral and cognitive improvement was observed. The patient became progressively independent in all activities of daily living and was discharged home. The Functional Independence Measure at discharge was 124/126 (vs. 37/126 at entry). The patient was able to complete his schooling despite the mild cognitive and behavioral sequelae. This first description of the use of neurobehavioral therapy in a case of chronic CCAS suggests that (a) major clinical improvement can occur more than one year after the onset of the CCAS, showing the importance of long-term and intensive neurorehabilitation; and (b) when the cerebellum cannot properly play its regulator role in cognition, neuropsychological intervention through a behavioral and cognitive approach can be of great help by acting as an external modulator to help the patient regain control over himself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ruffieux
- a Unit of Neuropsychology and Aphasiology , Fribourg Hospital , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - F Colombo
- a Unit of Neuropsychology and Aphasiology , Fribourg Hospital , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - E Gentaz
- b Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , Geneva University , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - J-M Annoni
- c Unit of Neurology , Fribourg Hospital , Fribourg , Switzerland.,d Neurorehabilitation Service , Fribourg Hospital , Fribourg , Switzerland.,e Laboratory for Cognitive and Neurological Sciences, Department of Medicine , University of Fribourg , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - L Chouiter
- a Unit of Neuropsychology and Aphasiology , Fribourg Hospital , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - S Roulin Hefti
- a Unit of Neuropsychology and Aphasiology , Fribourg Hospital , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - A Ruffieux
- c Unit of Neurology , Fribourg Hospital , Fribourg , Switzerland
| | - T Bihl
- d Neurorehabilitation Service , Fribourg Hospital , Fribourg , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hobi A, Bihl T, Fellay B, Waldburger M. The role of the determination of the CD20 antigen through quantitative flow cytometry in complex cases of rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF-alpha. Rheumatol Int 2006; 26:1161-2. [PMID: 16799779 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-006-0139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Hobi
- Department of Rheumatology, Cantonal Hospital Fribourg, 1708 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bihl T, Vassina E, Boettger MK, Goldbach-Mansky R, Seitz M, Villiger PM, Simon HU. The T348M mutated form of cryopyrin is associated with defective lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 10 production in CINCA syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2005; 64:1380-1. [PMID: 16100350 PMCID: PMC1755650 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2004.031179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|