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Duan SJ, Du J, Yu DW, Pei XJ, Yin DQ, Wang SJ, Tao QZ, Dan Y, Zhang XC, Deng J, Chen JS, Wei Q, Lei NF. Clonal integration of stress signal induces morphological and physiological response of root within clonal network. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298258. [PMID: 38446823 PMCID: PMC10917298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Clonal integration of defense or stress signal induced systemic resistance in leaf of interconnected ramets. However, similar effects of stress signal in root are poorly understood within clonal network. Clonal fragments of Centella asiaticas with first-young, second-mature, third-old and fourth-oldest ramets were used to investigate transportation or sharing of stress signal among interconnected ramets suffering from low water availability. Compared with control, oxidative stress in root of the first-young, second-mature and third-old ramets was significantly alleviated by exogenous ABA application to the fourth-oldest ramets as well as enhancement of antioxidant enzyme (SOD, POD, CAT and APX) activities and osmoregulation ability. Surface area and volume in root of the first-young ramets were significantly increased and total length in root of the third-old ramets was significantly decreased. POD activity in root of the fourth-oldest and third-old ramets was significantly enhanced by exogenous ABA application to the first-young ramets. Meanwhile, total length and surface area in root of the fourth-oldest and third-old ramets were significantly decreased. Ratio of belowground to aboveground biomass in the whole clonal fragments was significantly increased by exogenous ABA application to the fourth-oldest or first-young ramets. It is suggested that transportation or sharing of stress signal may induce systemic resistance in root of interconnected ramets. Specially, transportation or sharing of stress signal against phloem flow was observed in the experiment. Possible explanation is that rapid recovery of foliar photosynthesis in first-young ramets subjected to exogenous ABA application can partially reverse phloem flow within clonal network. Thus, our experiment provides insight into ecological implication on clonal integration of stress signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Juan Duan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Du
- Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve Administration, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong-Wei Yu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Pei
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Da-Qiu Yin
- Huaneng Tibet Yarlung Zangbo River Hydropower Development and Investment Co., Ltd, Lhasa, China
| | - Shi-Jun Wang
- Huaneng Tibet Yarlung Zangbo River Hydropower Development and Investment Co., Ltd, Lhasa, China
| | - Qi-Zhong Tao
- Huaneng Tibet Yarlung Zangbo River Hydropower Development and Investment Co., Ltd, Lhasa, China
| | - Yi Dan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Chao Zhang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Deng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Song Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Wei
- College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning-Fei Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
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Duan SJ, Sun GJ, Dan Y, Deng J, Yu DW, Wei Q, Chen CF, Jiang J, Wang XM, Ren TJ, Liao YM, Chen JS. Timing of systemic resistance induced by local exogenous ABA application within clonal network of stoloniferous herb Centella asiatica subjected to low water availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1324460. [PMID: 38269136 PMCID: PMC10805822 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1324460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Resistance traits of plants can be activated both at the damaged site and undamaged parts. Systemic resistance induced by local exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application alleviated negative effect of low water availability on growth performance of clonal plant. However, timing of systemic resistance was poorly understood. Timing of systemic resistance refers to its activation and decay time within clonal network. Clonal fragment of Centella asiatica with four successive ramets (including first-oldest, second-older, third-old and fourth-young ramets) subjected to low water availability (20% soil moisture content) was used to explore effects of local exogenous ABA application on the timing of resistance activation and decay. Systemic resistance activated by local exogenous ABA application after 4 days remained at least 28 days. Compared with control, biomass accumulation of whole clonal fragment, root biomass and ratio of belowground to aboveground biomass significantly increased by local exogenous ABA application after 28 days. It is suggested that rapid activation and delay of resistance response induced by local exogenous ABA application within clonal network may improve fitness of clonal plant subjected to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Juan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, China
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gui-Jia Sun
- Shi Fang Municipal People’s Government Office, Deyang, China
| | - Yi Dan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Deng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Wei Yu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chang-Fan Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting-Ju Ren
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Mei Liao
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, China
| | - Jin-Song Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
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Latzel V, Münzbergová Z, Skuhrovec J, Novák O, Strnad M. Effect of experimental DNA demethylation on phytohormones production and palatability of a clonal plant after induction via jasmonic acid. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vít Latzel
- Inst. of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dept of Population Ecology Zámek 1 CZ‐252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Münzbergová
- Inst. of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dept of Population Ecology Zámek 1 CZ‐252 43 Průhonice Czech Republic
- Dept of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles Univ. Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Experimental Botany and Palacký Univ. Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Czech Academy of Sciences, Inst. of Experimental Botany and Palacký Univ. Olomouc Czech Republic
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Jing X, Cai C, Fan S, Liu G, Wu C, Chen B. Effects of Rhizome Integration on the Water Physiology of Phyllostachys edulis Clones Under Heterogeneous Water Stress. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030373. [PMID: 32197431 PMCID: PMC7154918 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water is crucial to plant growth and development. Under heterogeneous environmental water deficiency, physiological integration of the rhizomatous clonal plant triggers a series of physiological cascades, which induces both signaling and physiological responses. It is known that the rhizome of Phyllostachys edulis, which connects associated clonal ramets, has important significance in this physiological integration. This significance is attributed to the sharing of water and nutrients in the vascular bundle of clonal ramets under heterogeneous water conditions. However, the physiological characteristics of physiological integration under heterogeneous water stress remain unclear. To investigate these physiological characteristics, particularly second messenger Ca2+ signaling characteristics, long-distance hormone signaling molecules, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmotic adjustment substance, and nitrogen metabolism, ramets with a connected (where integration was allowed to take place) and severed rhizome (with no integration) were compared in this study. The vascular bundle structure of the rhizome was also observed using laser confocal microscopy. Overall, the results suggest that interconnected rhizome of P. edulis can enhance its physiological function in response to drought-induced stress under heterogeneous water deficiency. These measured changes in physiological indices serve to improve the clonal ramets’ drought adaptivity through the interconnected rhizome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunju Cai
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.F.); Tel.: +86-010-8478-9806 (C.C.); +86-010-8478-9720 (S.F.)
| | - Shaohui Fan
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.F.); Tel.: +86-010-8478-9806 (C.C.); +86-010-8478-9720 (S.F.)
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Hamman EA. Spatial distribution of damage affects the healing, growth, and morphology of coral. Oecologia 2019; 191:621-632. [PMID: 31571039 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many predators and herbivores do not kill their prey, but rather remove or damage tissue. Prey are often able to heal or regenerate this lost tissue. If the prey are modular organisms (e.g., some plants and cnidarians), regeneration is frequently influenced by other modules interconnected to damaged ones. For example, many coral predators remove tissue from colonies consisting of many polyps, and these polyps often share resources with their neighbors. Thus, the distribution of tissue loss on a coral colony could affect the coral's response. I hypothesized that spatially aggregated damage might be slow to heal due to competing demands on nearby polyps. To explore the spatial patterns of corallivory and their implications, I conducted: (1) field surveys documenting the spatial distribution of lesions on corals; (2) field experiments testing the effect of the distance between lesions on coral tissue healing, skeletal growth, and morphology; and (3) field surveys relating corallivore presence to coral growth and morphology. In the field surveys, lesions were aggregated at multiple spatial scales, and most lesions had other lesions within 2 cm. When lesions were near one another, coral tissue regeneration was depressed, although there was no effect on whole colony growth. After a year, however, linear extension was lower in the neighborhood of the lesions. Additionally, gastropod corallivores (Coralliophila violacea) with low movement decreased coral growth and increased coral topographical complexity. These results suggest that corallivores that create clusters of coral damage have a greater effect on coral growth and recovery from damage than corallivores that spread damage throughout the colony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hamman
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, USA.
- Department of Biology, Radford University, Radford, USA.
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Herbivory and inbreeding affect growth, reproduction, and resistance in the rhizomatous offshoots of Solanum carolinense (Solanaceae). Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-09997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wei Q, Li Q, Jin Y, Wu S, Fan L, Lei N, Chen J. Transportation or sharing of stress signals among interconnected ramets improves systemic resistance of clonal networks to water stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:613-623. [PMID: 31010459 DOI: 10.1071/fp18232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have elucidated the mechanisms, ecological implications and constraints on transportation or sharing of defence signals among interconnected ramets of clonal plants suffering from localised herbivore damage. To our knowledge, few studies have been conducted to provide insights into the ecological implications on transportation or sharing of stress signals for clonal plants subjected to water stress. As a chemical elicitor, ABA can induce resistance response in plants suffering from water stress. A pot experiment was conducted to explore transportation or sharing of stress signals among interconnected ramets by using clonal fragments of Centella asiaticas (L.) Urban with four successive ramets (oldest, old, mature and young) subjected to low water availability (20% soil moisture contents). Compared with control, foliar oxidative stress of the old, mature and young ramets significantly decreased, and antioxidant capacity was increased when exogenous ABA was applied to the oldest ramets. Meanwhile, foliar PSII activity and chlorophyll content of the old, mature and young ramets significantly increased. Compared with control, biomass accumulation and ratio of below-ground/aboveground biomass of whole clonal fragments were significantly increased by ABA application to the oldest ramets. However, similar patterns were not observed when exogenous ABA was applied to the young ramets. Our results show that transportation or sharing of stress signals among interconnected ramets improves systemic resistance of clonal networks to water stress, which is dependent on directionality of vascular flows. Compared with the old or mature ramets, the young ramets displayed stronger resistance response (such as higher antioxidant enzymes activities and proline content, lower O2•- production rate and malondialdehyde content) to water stress as well as higher PSII activity and chlorophyll content when exogenous ABA was applied to the oldest ramets. Thus, transportation or sharing of stress signals may favour young ramets that are most valuable for growth and fitness of clonal plant subjected to environmental stress. It is suggested that transportation or sharing of stress signals among interconnected ramets may confer clonal plants with considerable benefits in adapting to spatio-temporal heterogeneous habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wei
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Yu Jin
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Shulan Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Lihua Fan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Ningfei Lei
- College of Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610000, China; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
| | - Jinsong Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610000, China; and Corresponding authors. Emails: ;
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8
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Benevenuto RF, Hegland SJ, Töpper JP, Rydgren K, Moe SR, Rodriguez‐Saona C, Seldal T. Multiannual effects of induced plant defenses: Are defended plants good or bad neighbors? Ecol Evol 2018; 8:8940-8950. [PMID: 30271557 PMCID: PMC6157685 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Defenses induced by herbivore feeding or phytohormones such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA) can affect growth, reproduction, and herbivory, not only on the affected individual but also in its neighboring plants. Here, we report multiannual defense, growth, and reproductive responses of MeJA-treated bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and neighboring ramets. In a boreal forest in western Norway, we treated bilberry ramets with MeJA and water (control) and measured responses over three consecutive years. We observed the treatment effects on variables associated with herbivory, growth, and reproduction in the MeJA-treated and untreated ramet and neighboring ramets distanced from 10 to 500 cm. MeJA-treated ramets had fewer grazed leaves and browsed shoots compared to control, with higher effects in 2014 and 2015, respectively. In 2013, growth of control ramets was greater than MeJA-treated ramets. However, MeJA-treated ramets had more flowers and berries than control ramets 2 years after the treatment. The level of insect and mammalian herbivory was also lower in untreated neighboring ramets distanced 10-150 cm and, consistent with responses of MeJA-treated ramets, the stronger effect was also one and 2 years delayed, respectively. The same neighboring ramets had fewer flowers and berries than untreated ramets, indicating a trade-off between defense and reproduction. Although plant-plant effects were observed across all years, the strength varied by the distance between the MeJA-treated ramets and its untreated neighbors. We document that induced defense in bilberry reduces both insect and mammalian herbivory, as well as growth, over multiple seasons. The defense responses occurred in a delayed manner with strongest effects one and 2 years after the induction. Additionally, our results indicate defense signaling between MeJA-treated ramets and untreated neighbors. In summary, this study shows that induced defenses are important ecological strategies not only for the induced individual plant but also for neighboring plants across multiple years in boreal forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Fonseca Benevenuto
- Faculty of Engineering and ScienceWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndalNorway
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | - Stein Joar Hegland
- Faculty of Engineering and ScienceWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndalNorway
| | | | - Knut Rydgren
- Faculty of Engineering and ScienceWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndalNorway
| | - Stein R. Moe
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource ManagementNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅsNorway
| | | | - Tarald Seldal
- Faculty of Engineering and ScienceWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndalNorway
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9
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Clonal Saplings of Trembling Aspen Do Not Coordinate Defense Induction. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:1045-1050. [DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Koski TM, Kalpio M, Laaksonen T, Sirkiä PM, Kallio HP, Yang B, Linderborg KM, Klemola T. Effects of Insect Herbivory on Bilberry Production and Removal of Berries by Frugivores. J Chem Ecol 2017; 43:422-432. [PMID: 28374224 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-017-0838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary purpose of a fleshy fruit is to attract seed dispersers and get the seeds dispersed by frugivorous animals. For this reason, fruits should be highly rewarding to these mutualists. However, insect herbivory can alter plant reproductive success e.g. by decreasing fruit yield or affecting the attractiveness of the fruits to mutualistic seed dispersers. Under natural conditions, we tested the effects of experimental larval-defoliation on berry ripening and consumption of a non-cultivated dwarf shrub, the bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), which produces animal-dispersed berries with high sugar and anthocyanin concentration. Bilberry ramets with high fruit yield were most likely to have their berries foraged, indicating that frugivores made foraging choices based on the abundance of berries. Moreover, the probability for berries being foraged was the lowest for non-defoliated ramets that grew adjacent to larval-defoliated ramets, even though larval-defoliation did not affect the biochemical composition (total concentrations of anthocyanins, sugars and organic acids) or the probability of ripening of berries. We hypothesise that the lower probability for berries being foraged in these ramets may be a consequence of rhizome- or volatile-mediated communication between ramets, resulting in a priming effect of the herbivore defence and lower attractiveness of the non-defoliated ramets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuuli-Marjaana Koski
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, FI, Finland.
| | - Marika Kalpio
- Section of Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, FI, Finland
| | - Toni Laaksonen
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, FI, Finland
| | - Päivi M Sirkiä
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, FI, Finland.,Finnish Natural History Museum, Zoology Unit, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, FI, Finland
| | - Heikki P Kallio
- Section of Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, FI, Finland.,Centre for Environmental Research, Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, FI, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Section of Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, FI, Finland
| | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Section of Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, FI, Finland
| | - Tero Klemola
- Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, 20014, Turku, FI, Finland
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11
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Liu X, Li Q, Yue M, Zhang X, Zhang R, Zhang B, Wang M. Nitric oxide is involved in integration of UV-B absorbing compounds among parts of clonal plants under a heterogeneous UV-B environment. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:180-191. [PMID: 25424287 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In nature, ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is highly heterogeneous, both spatially and temporally. Plants exposed to UV-B radiation produce UV-B absorbing compounds that function as a protective filter. For clonal plants under heterogeneous UV-B radiation conditions, integration among ramets can allow irradiated ramets to benefit un-irradiated ramets by causing them to increase their UV-B absorbing compounds content. In this study, we evaluated integration between pairs of clonal ramets of Glechoma longituba under heterogeneous or homogeneous UV-B conditions. We determined the levels of UV-B absorbing compounds, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and measured the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in connected ramet pairs under homogeneous or heterogeneous UV-B conditions. Under heterogeneous UV-B conditions, the UV-B absorbing compounds content increased in leaves of irradiated and un-irradiated ramets, but not in the connecting stolons. The NO content increased in irradiated and un-irradiated leaves and stolons, but the H2 O2 content did not. Application of NO synthesis inhibitors and an NO blocker to irradiated ramets blocked the increase in UV-B absorbing compounds and PAL activity in un-irradiated ramets. These results suggested that NO is involved in the integration process for UV-B absorbing compounds among ramets. Our findings suggested that a UV-B-induced increase in NO transmits a signal to un-irradiated ramets via the stolon, leading to an increase in PAL activity and UV-B absorbing compounds content. The internal translocation of signal enables members of clonal networks to function as a whole unit and to mount an efficient defensive response to localized UV-B radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province, Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
- Environmental Protection Research Institute, Xi'an Research Institute of China Coal Technology & Engineering Group Corp, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ruichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China
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12
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Wang P, Xu YS, Dong BC, Xue W, Yu FH. Effects of clonal fragmentation on intraspecific competition of a stoloniferous floating plant. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:1121-6. [PMID: 24661501 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Disturbance is common and can fragment clones of plants. Clonal fragmentation may affect the density and growth of ramets so that it could alter intraspecific competition. To test this hypothesis, we grew one (low density), five (medium density) or nine (high density) parent ramets of the floating invasive plant Pistia stratiotes in buckets, and newly produced offspring ramets were either severed (with fragmentation) or remained connected to parent ramets (no fragmentation). Increasing density reduced biomass of the whole clone (i.e. parent ramet plus its offspring ramets), showing intense intraspecific competition. Fragmentation decreased biomass of offspring ramets, but increased biomass of parent ramets and the whole clone, suggesting significant resource translocation from parent to offspring ramets when clones were not fragmented. There was no interaction effect of density x fragmentation on biomass of the whole clone, and fragmentation did not affect competition intensity index. We conclude that clonal fragmentation does not alter intraspecific competition between clones of P. stratiotes, but increases biomass production of the whole clone. Thus, fragmentation may contribute to its interspecific competitive ability and invasiveness, and intentional fragmentation should not be recommended as a measure to stop the rapid growth of this invasive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wang
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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