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Vaz Soares Martins S, Cristina Coelho Britto A, Tozzati MG, Magalhães LG, Silva MLAE, Januário AH, Pauletti PM, Crotti AEM, Passos AVD, Jesus EGD, Peixoto AD, Medeiros GDS, Santos MFC, Cunha WR. Evaluation of the in vitro schistosomicidal, leishmanicidal, and trypanocidal activities of the capsaicin metabolite, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum baccatum extracts and of their analysis of the main constituents by HPLC/UV and CG/MS. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:679-684. [PMID: 36905171 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2187793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases are significant causes of death and temporary or permanent disability for millions living in developing countries. Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for these diseases. Thus, this work aimed to conduct a chemical analysis using HPLC/UV and GC/MS to identify the major constituents of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Capsicum frutescens and Capsicum baccatum fruits, evaluating these extracts and their constituents' schistosomicidal, leishmanicidal and trypanocidal activities. The results obtained for the extracts of C. frutescens are better when compared to those obtained for C. baccatum, which can be related to the different concentrations of capsaicin (1) present in the extracts. The lysis of trypomastigote forms results for capsaicin (1) led to a significant value of IC50 = 6.23 µM. Thus, the results point to capsaicin (1) as a possible active constituent in these extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Vaz Soares Martins
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológica, Universidade de Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Gomide Tozzati
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológica, Universidade de Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Lizandra Guidi Magalhães
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológica, Universidade de Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Márcio Luis Andrade E Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológica, Universidade de Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Januário
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológica, Universidade de Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Mendonça Pauletti
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológica, Universidade de Franca, Franca, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Vargas Dos Passos
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Ester Gonçalves de Jesus
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Amanda Diniz Peixoto
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Dos Santos Medeiros
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Mário F C Santos
- Departamento de Química e Física, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Wilson Roberto Cunha
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológica, Universidade de Franca, Franca, Brazil
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Silva LMN, França WWM, Santos VHB, Souza RAF, Silva AM, Diniz EGM, Aguiar TWA, Rocha JVR, Souza MAA, Nascimento WRC, Lima Neto RG, Cruz Filho IJ, Ximenes ECPA, Araújo HDA, Aires AL, Albuquerque MCPA. Plumbagin: A Promising In Vivo Antiparasitic Candidate against Schistosoma mansoni and In Silico Pharmacokinetic Properties (ADMET). Biomedicines 2023; 11:2340. [PMID: 37760782 PMCID: PMC10525874 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a potentially fatal chronic disease whose etiological agents are blood trematode worms of the genus Schistosoma spp., is one of the most prevalent and debilitating neglected diseases. The treatment of schistosomiasis depends exclusively on praziquantel (PZQ), a drug that has been used since the 1970s and that already has reports of reduced therapeutic efficacy, related with the development of Schistosoma-resistant or -tolerant strains. Therefore, the search for new therapeutic alternatives is an urgent need. Plumbagin (PLUM), a naphthoquinone isolated from the roots of plants of the genus Plumbago, has aroused interest in research due to its antiparasitic properties against protozoa and helminths. Here, we evaluated the in vivo schistosomicidal potential of PLUM against Schistosoma mansoni and the in silico pharmacokinetic parameters. ADMET parameters and oral bioavailability were evaluated using the PkCSM and SwissADME platforms, respectively. The study was carried out with five groups of infected mice and divided as follows: an untreated control group, a control group treated with PZQ, and three groups treated orally with 8, 16, or 32 mg/kg of PLUM. After treatment, the Kato-Katz technique was performed to evaluate a quantity of eggs in the feces (EPG). The animals were euthanized for worm recovery, intestine samples were collected to evaluate the oviposition pattern, the load of eggs was determined on the hepatic and intestinal tissues and for the histopathological and histomorphometric evaluation of tissue and hepatic granulomas. PLUM reduced EPG by 65.27, 70.52, and 82.49%, reduced the total worm load by 46.7, 55.25, and 72.4%, and the female worm load by 44.01, 52.76, and 71.16%, for doses of 8, 16, and 32 mg/kg, respectively. PLUM also significantly reduced the number of immature eggs and increased the number of dead eggs in the oogram. A reduction of 36.11, 46.46, and 64.14% in eggs in the hepatic tissue, and 57.22, 65.18, and 80.5% in the intestinal tissue were also observed at doses of 8, 16, and 32 mg/kg, respectively. At all doses, PLUM demonstrated an effect on the histopathological and histomorphometric parameters of the hepatic granuloma, with a reduction of 41.11, 48.47, and 70.55% in the numerical density of the granulomas and 49.56, 57.63, and 71.21% in the volume, respectively. PLUM presented itself as a promising in vivo antiparasitic candidate against S. mansoni, acting not only on parasitological parameters but also on hepatic granuloma. Furthermore, in silico, PLUM showed good predictive pharmacokinetic profiles by ADMET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas M. N. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (L.M.N.S.); (V.H.B.S.); (R.A.F.S.); (E.C.P.A.X.); (M.C.P.A.A.)
| | - Wilza W. M. França
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Medicina Tropical Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
| | - Victor H. B. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (L.M.N.S.); (V.H.B.S.); (R.A.F.S.); (E.C.P.A.X.); (M.C.P.A.A.)
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
| | - Renan A. F. Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (L.M.N.S.); (V.H.B.S.); (R.A.F.S.); (E.C.P.A.X.); (M.C.P.A.A.)
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
| | - Adriana M. Silva
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
| | - Emily G. M. Diniz
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Medicina Tropical Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
| | - Thierry W. A. Aguiar
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil
| | - João V. R. Rocha
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Medicina Tropical Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
| | - Mary A. A. Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Morfotecnologia, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.A.A.S.); (I.J.C.F.)
| | - Wheverton R. C. Nascimento
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Morfotecnologia, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.A.A.S.); (I.J.C.F.)
- Centro de Ciências Médicas—Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo G. Lima Neto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Medicina Tropical Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
- Centro de Ciências Médicas—Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Iranildo J. Cruz Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Morfotecnologia, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.A.A.S.); (I.J.C.F.)
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Eulália C. P. A. Ximenes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (L.M.N.S.); (V.H.B.S.); (R.A.F.S.); (E.C.P.A.X.); (M.C.P.A.A.)
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Hallysson D. A. Araújo
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil
| | - André L. Aires
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Departamento de Medicina Tropical Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Morfotecnologia, Departamento de Histologia e Embriologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, PE, Brazil; (M.A.A.S.); (I.J.C.F.)
- Centro de Ciências Médicas—Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica C. P. A. Albuquerque
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-520, PE, Brazil; (L.M.N.S.); (V.H.B.S.); (R.A.F.S.); (E.C.P.A.X.); (M.C.P.A.A.)
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-465, PE, Brazil; (W.W.M.F.); (A.M.S.); (E.G.M.D.); (T.W.A.A.); (J.V.R.R.); (W.R.C.N.); (H.D.A.A.)
- Centro de Ciências Médicas—Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
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Qadeer A, Ullah H, Sohail M, Safi SZ, Rahim A, Saleh TA, Arbab S, Slama P, Horky P. Potential application of nanotechnology in the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of schistosomiasis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1013354. [PMID: 36568300 PMCID: PMC9780462 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1013354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases that affect millions of people worldwide. Globally, it affects economically poor countries, typically due to a lack of proper sanitation systems, and poor hygiene conditions. Currently, no vaccine is available against schistosomiasis, and the preferred treatment is chemotherapy with the use of praziquantel. It is a common anti-schistosomal drug used against all known species of Schistosoma. To date, current treatment primarily the drug praziquantel has not been effective in treating Schistosoma species in their early stages. The drug of choice offers low bioavailability, water solubility, and fast metabolism. Globally drug resistance has been documented due to overuse of praziquantel, Parasite mutations, poor treatment compliance, co-infection with other strains of parasites, and overall parasitic load. The existing diagnostic methods have very little acceptability and are not readily applied for quick diagnosis. This review aims to summarize the use of nanotechnology in the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention. It also explored safe and effective substitute approaches against parasitosis. At this stage, various nanomaterials are being used in drug delivery systems, diagnostic kits, and vaccine production. Nanotechnology is one of the modern and innovative methods to treat and diagnose several human diseases, particularly those caused by parasite infections. Herein we highlight the current advancement and application of nanotechnological approaches regarding the treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qadeer
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hanif Ullah
- West China School of Nursing/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Pakistan,Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Abdur Rahim, ; Petr Slama, ; Pavel Horky,
| | - Tawfik A Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Arbab
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Petr Slama
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology and Biotechnology, Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia,*Correspondence: Abdur Rahim, ; Petr Slama, ; Pavel Horky,
| | - Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia,*Correspondence: Abdur Rahim, ; Petr Slama, ; Pavel Horky,
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Antischistosomal Activity of Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum, and Coriandrum sativum Aqueous Plant Extracts on Hamster Infected with Schistosoma mansoni. J Parasitol Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis continues to affect the health and quality of life of millions of people around the world. Schistosomiasis has been ranked the second disease after malaria in terms of importance as a targeted tropical disease. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Being the only drug, parasite resistance to this drug has developed. Therefore, the search for new alternatives has been the goal of many researchers. In this study, the effects of aqueous extracts of Zingiber officinale, Piper nigrum, and Coriandrum sativum on Schistosoma mansoni infected golden hamsters (Egyptian strain) were evaluated in vitro and in vivo at different doses of 500, 250, 125, 62.5, and 31.25 μg/ml. In vitro, adult worms of S. mansoni were tested in RPMI-1640 medium for 48 hrs. The results showed that the concentrations 500, 250, and 125 μg/ml of Zingiber officinale and Piper nigrum caused dead of 100% of adult worms within 6 and 12 hrs of incubation, respectively. Although, aqueous extract of Coriandrum sativum at concentrations 500, 250, and 125 μg/ml resulted dead of 100% parasites after 12 to 24 hrs of incubation. In conclusion, Zingiber officinale and Piper nigrum showed efficacy against schistosomiasis in both in vitro and biological experiments of Egyptian schistosome strain, while Coriandrum sativum gave less effective results than the previous ones. Therefore, Zingiber officinale and Piper nigrum may become an innovative treatment for schistosomiasis.
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Antiparasitic effects of ethanolic extracts of Piper arboreum and Jatropha gossypiifolia leaves on cercariae and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitology 2020; 147:1689-1699. [DOI: 10.1017/s003118202000181x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNew treatment strategies for schistosomiasis should be evaluated, since resistant strains to the only available drug, Praziquantel, have already been described. Thus, we demonstrated antiparasitic effects of ethanolic extracts of Jatropha gossypiifolia and Piper arboreum on cercariae and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. The bioassays were performed at 0–10 000 μg mL−1 concentration for 0–72 h. Adult worms were stained with carmine to assess external and internal damage. The chemical screening was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. P. arboreum displayed the best cercaricidal effect, with a 100% reduction in viability in just 60 min. The extract of J. gossypiifolia was more effective against adult worms, with 100% viability reduction of male and female worms after 12 and 24 h, respectively. P. arboreum and J. gossypiifolia were equally effective in inhibiting the oviposition of S. mansoni (93% reduction) and causing damage to internal and external structures in adult worms. Flavonoids were identified in both the extracts and phenolic compounds and amides only in P. arboreum. Thus, for the first time, it was proven that ethanolic extracts of P. arboreum and J. gossypiifolia leaves are biologically active against cercariae and adult worms of S. mansoni in vitro.
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In Vitro Schistosomicidal Activity of the Alkaloid-Rich Fraction from Ruta graveolens L. (Rutaceae) and Its Characterization by UPLC-QTOF-MS. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7909137. [PMID: 31827562 PMCID: PMC6885165 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7909137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that affects million people worldwide, mostly in developing countries. Ruta graveolens (Rutaceae) is a plant used in folk medicine to treat several diseases, including parasitic infections. In this study, we reported the in vitro schistosomicidal activity of the R. graveolens extract (Rg) and its active fraction (Rg-FAE). Also, the characterization of Rg-FAE by UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis and its in vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania braziliensis were also performed. In vitro schistosomicidal assays were assessed against adult worms of S. mansoni, while cell viability against peritoneal macrophages was measured by MTT assay. Rg (100 μg/mL) exhibited noticeable schistosomicidal activity, causing 100% mortality and decreasing motor activity of all adult male and female schistosomes, but with low activity against L. braziliensis. After chromatographic fractionation of Rg, fraction Rg-FAE was obtained, showing high activity against adult schistosomes. UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis of Rg-FAE revealed the presence of eleven alkaloids and one furanocoumarin. No significant antileishmanial activity was found for Rg, while Rg-FAE exhibited activity against L. braziliensis promastigotes. We demonstrated, for the first time, that the R. graveolens extract (Rg) and its alkaloid-rich fraction (Rg-FAE) are active against adult worms of S. mansoni, with no significant cytotoxicity on macrophages. Our findings open the route to further antiparasitic studies with the active fraction of R. graveolens and its identified compounds, especially alkaloids.
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Porcino GN, Antinarelli LMR, Maia ACRG, Faria-Pinto P, Taunay-Rodrigues A, Zech Coelho PM, Nelson DL, Penido MLO, Coimbra ES, Vasconcelos EG. The alkylaminoalkanethiosulfuric acids exhibit in-vitro antileishmanial activity against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis: a new perspective for use of these schistosomicidal agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1784-1791. [PMID: 31579947 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The alkylaminoalkanethiosulfuric acids (AAATs) are amphipathic compounds effective against experimental schistosomiasis, of low toxicity, elevated bioavailability after a single oral dose and prompt tissue absorption. OBJECTIVES To explore the in-vitro antileishmanial potential of AAATs using five compounds of this series against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. METHODS Their effects on promastigotes and axenic amastigotes, and cytotoxicity to macrophages were tested by the MTT method, and on Leishmania-infected macrophages by Giemsa stain. Effects on the mitochondrial membrane potential of promastigotes and axenic amastigotes and DNA of intracellular amastigotes were tested using JC-1 and TUNEL assays, respectively. KEY FINDINGS The 2-(isopropylamino)-1-octanethiosulfuric acid (I) and 2-(sec-butylamino)-1-octanethiosulfuric acid (II) exhibit activity against both promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes (IC50 25-35 µm), being more toxic to intracellular parasites than to the host cell. Compound I induced a loss of viability of axenic amastigotes, significantly reduced (30%) the mitochondrial membrane potential of both promastigotes and axenic amastigotes and promoted selective DNA fragmentation of the nucleus and kinetoplast of intracellular amastigotes. CONCLUSIONS In this previously unpublished study of trypanosomatids, it is shown that AAATs could also exhibit selective antileishmanial activity, a new possibility to be investigated in oral treatment of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriane Nascimento Porcino
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Luciana Maria Ribeiro Antinarelli
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | - Priscila Faria-Pinto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | | | | | - David Lee Nelson
- Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Federal dos Vales de Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Marcus Luiz Oliveira Penido
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Elaine Soares Coimbra
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Eveline Gomes Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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8
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Botros SS, William S, Sabra ANA, El-Lakkany NM, Seif El-Din SH, García-Rubia A, Sebastián-Pérez V, Blaazer AR, de Heuvel E, Sijm M, Zheng Y, Salado IG, Munday JC, Maes L, de Esch IJP, Sterk GJ, Augustyns K, Leurs R, Gil C, De Koning HP. Screening of a PDE-focused library identifies imidazoles with in vitro and in vivo antischistosomal activity. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019; 9:35-43. [PMID: 30669086 PMCID: PMC6350229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the evaluation of 265 compounds from a PDE-focused library for their antischistosomal activity, assessed in vitro using Schistosoma mansoni. Of the tested compounds, 171 (64%) displayed selective in vitro activity, with 16 causing worm hypermotility/spastic contractions and 41 inducing various degrees of worm killing at 100 μM, with the surviving worms displaying sluggish movement, worm unpairing and complete absence of eggs. The compounds that did not affect worm viability (n = 72) induced a complete cessation of ovipositing. 82% of the compounds had an impact on male worms whereas female worms were barely affected. In vivo evaluation in S. mansoni-infected mice with the in vitro 'hit' NPD-0274 at 20 mg/kg/day orally for 5 days resulted in worm burden reductions of 29% and intestinal tissue egg load reduction of 35% at 10 days post-treatment. Combination of praziquantel (PZQ) at 10 mg/kg/day for 5 days with NPD-0274 or NPD-0298 resulted in significantly higher worm killing than PZQ alone, as well as a reduction in intestinal tissue egg load, disappearance of immature eggs and an increase in the number of dead eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaa S Botros
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Samia William
- Parasitology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Nasser A Sabra
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M El-Lakkany
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Sayed H Seif El-Din
- Pharmacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba, P.O. Box 30, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | | | | | - Antoni R Blaazer
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | - Erik de Heuvel
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Sijm
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | - Yang Zheng
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | | | - Jane C Munday
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | | | - Iwan J P de Esch
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | - Geert J Sterk
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | | | - Rob Leurs
- Medicinal Chemistry Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA), the Netherlands
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Harry P De Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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9
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de Oliveira Barbosa M, de Oliveira SA, Filho CALM, Oliveira AR, Fernandes CJB, Lucena JP, de Sousa FA, de Barros Dias MCH, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Leite ACL. Schistosomicidal and prophylactic activities of phthalimido-thiazoles derivatives on schistosomula and adult worms. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 133:15-27. [PMID: 30877068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem worldwide, especially in poor communities. Praziquantel is currently the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis and it shows low efficacy against schistosomula and juveniles stages of Schistosoma mansoni, allowing lower cure rate in areas with high endemicity. There is an urgent need to identify new antischistosomal drugs. Previous works identified phthalimido-thiazoles as privileged structures acting as schistossomicidal agent. In this way, a phthalimido-thiosemicarbazide intermediate and eight phthalimido-thiazoles derivatives were evaluated concerning the in vitro antischistosomal activity compounds in adult phase of Schistosoma mansoni and examined alterations on the tegumental surface. The results revealed that compounds 2f, 2 l and 2 m caused significant mortality in adult worms at concentrations range of 20 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL. These compounds were also selected in view to verify the activity against the schistosomula. Compound 2 m promoted 100% of mortality of larval forms until doses of 2.5 μg/mL within 48 h. In addition, when compound 2 m was administered orally at dose of 200 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days to the infected mouse with adult schistosomes, a reduction in the parasite burden was observed. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed that compound 2 m kill the parasite by tegumental damage and bubbles generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miria de Oliveira Barbosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, S/N - Campus da UFPE, Recife, PE CEP: 50740-520, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, IAM/FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE CEP: 50670-420, Brazil.
| | - Sheilla Andrade de Oliveira
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, IAM/FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE CEP: 50670-420, Brazil
| | | | - Arsênio Rodrigues Oliveira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, S/N - Campus da UFPE, Recife, PE CEP: 50740-520, Brazil
| | - Camila Juliet Barbosa Fernandes
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, IAM/FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE CEP: 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Paula Lucena
- Department of Immunology, Laboratory of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, IAM/FIOCRUZ, Recife, PE CEP: 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Amaro de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, S/N - Campus da UFPE, Recife, PE CEP: 50740-520, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio André Brayner
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Av. Professor Moraes Rego, S/N - Campus da UFPE, Recife, PE CEP: 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Keizo Asami Immunopathology Laboratory (LIKA), Av. Professor Moraes Rego, S/N - Campus da UFPE, Recife, PE CEP: 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, S/N - Campus da UFPE, Recife, PE CEP: 50740-520, Brazil
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TPT sulfonate, a single, oral dose schistosomicidal prodrug: In vivo efficacy, disposition and metabolic profiling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2018; 8:571-586. [PMID: 30503203 PMCID: PMC6287543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of schistosomiasis relies precariously on just one drug, praziquantel (PZQ). In the search for alternatives, 15 S-[2-(alkylamino)alkane] thiosulfuric acids were obtained from a previous research program and profiled in mice for efficacy against both mature (>42-day-old) and juvenile (21-day-old) Schistosoma mansoni using a screening dose of 100 mg/kg PO QDx4. One compound, S-[2-(tert-butylamino)-1-phenylethane] thiosulfuric acid (TPT sulfonate), was the most effective by decreasing female and male worm burdens by ≥ 90% and ≥46% (mature), and ≥89% and ≥79% (juvenile), respectively. In contrast, PZQ decreased mature female and male worm burdens by 95% and 94%, respectively, but was ineffective against juvenile stages. Against 7-day-old lung-stage worms, TPT sulfonate was only effective at twice the dose decreasing female and male burdens by 95 and 80%, respectively. Single oral doses at 400 and/or 600 mg/kg across various developmental time-points (1-, 7-, 15-, 21- and/or 42 day-old) were consistent with the QD x4 data; efficacy was strongest once the parasites had completed lung migration, and female and male burdens were decreased by at least 90% and 80%, respectively. In vitro, TPT sulfonate is inactive against the parasite suggesting a pro-drug mechanism of action. In mice, TPT sulfonate is fully absorbed and subject to rapid, non-CYP-mediated, first-pass metabolism that is initiated by desulfation and yields a series of metabolites. The initially-formed free thiol-containing metabolite, termed TP thiol, was chemically synthesized; it dose-dependently decreased S. mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium motility in vitro. Also, when administered as a single 50 mg/kg IP dose, TP thiol decreased 33-day-old S. mansoni female and male burdens by 35% and 44%, with less severe organomegaly. Overall, TPT sulfonate's efficacy profile is competitive with that of PZQ. Also, the characterization of a parasiticidal metabolite facilitates an understanding and improvement of the chemistry, and identification of the mechanism of action and/or target. TPT sulfonate provides single dose efficacy that is competitive with the current drug, praziquantel. TPT sulfonate must be biotransformed to be active. TPT sulfonate is fully absorbed and subject to rapid, non-CYP-mediated, first-pass metabolism. One of the key metabolites, TP thiol, is anti-schistosomal in vitro and in vivo.
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11
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Tomiotto-Pellissier F, Miranda-Sapla MM, Machado LF, Bortoleti BTDS, Sahd CS, Chagas AF, Assolini JP, Oliveira FJDA, Pavanelli WR, Conchon-Costa I, Costa IN, Melanda FN. Nanotechnology as a potential therapeutic alternative for schistosomiasis. Acta Trop 2017; 174:64-71. [PMID: 28668252 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of people worldwide, recognized as the most important human helminth infection in terms of morbidity and mortality. The treatment of choice presents low bioavailability and water solubility, in addition to the induction of parasite resistance. In this context, researchers have been conducting studies seeking to develop new drugs to ensure safety, quality, and efficacy against this parasitosis. In this scenario, nanotechnology arises including the drug delivery systems in nanoscale: nanoemulsions, liposomes and nanoparticles. These drug delivery systems have been extensively applied for in vitro and in vivo studies against Schistosoma spp. with promising results. This review pointed out the most relevant development scenarios regarding the treatment of schistosomiasis as well as the application of nanotechnology as a vaccine, highlighting the use of nanotechnology as an alternative therapy for both the repositioning of drugs and the use of new pharmaceutical products, with promising results regarding the aforementioned disease.
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Hassan EA, Abdel-Rahman MA, Ibrahim MM, Soliman MFM. In vitro antischistosomal activity of venom from the Egyptian snake Cerastes cerastes. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 49:752-757. [PMID: 28001223 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0241-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We studied the potential in vitro antischistosomal activity of Cerastes cerastes venom on adult Schistosoma mansoni worms. METHODS: Live specimens of the horned viper snake, C. cerastes were collected from the Aswan Governorate (Egypt). Venom was collected from snakes by manual milking. Worms of S. mansoni were obtained from infected hamsters by perfusion and isolated from blood using phosphate buffer. Mortality rates of worms were monitored after 3 days of exposure to snake venom at LC50 and various sublethal concentrations (10, 5, 2.5µg/ml). Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate tegumental changes in treated worms after exposure to LC50 doses of venom. RESULTS: The LC50 of C. cerastes venom was 21.5µg/ml. The effect of C. cerastes venom on Schistosoma worms varied according to their sex. The mortality rate of male and female worms after 48-h exposure was 83.3% and 50%, respectively. LC50 of C. cerastes venom induced mild to severe tegumental damage in Schistosoma worms in the form of destruction of the oral sucker, shrinkage and erosion of the tegument, and loss of some tubercle spines. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated that C. cerastes venom exerts potential in vitro antischistosomal activity in a time and dose-dependent manner. These results may warrant further investigations to develop novel schistosomicidal agents from C. cerastes snake venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehssan Ahmed Hassan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Moussa Ibrahim
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.,Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Pinto-Almeida A, Mendes T, de Oliveira RN, Corrêa SDAP, Allegretti SM, Belo S, Tomás A, Anibal FDF, Carrilho E, Afonso A. Morphological Characteristics of Schistosoma mansoni PZQ-Resistant and -Susceptible Strains Are Different in Presence of Praziquantel. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:594. [PMID: 27199925 PMCID: PMC4844704 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most common human parasitic diseases whose socioeconomic impact is only surpassed by malaria. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the only drug commercially available for the treatment of all schistosome species causing disease in humans. However, there has been stronger evidences of PZQ-resistance on Schistosoma mansoni and thus it is very important to study the phenotypic characteristics associated with it. The aim of this study was to evaluate morphological alterations in S. mansoni PZQ-resistant adult worms and eggs, by comparing a PZQ- resistant strain obtained under PZQ drug pressure with a PZQ-susceptible strain. For this, scanning electronic microscopy was used to assess tegumental responsiveness of both strains under PZQ exposure, and optical microscopy allowed the monitoring of worms and eggs in the presence of the drug. Those assays showed that PZQ-susceptible worms exposed to the drug had more severe tegumental damages than the resistant one, which had only minor alterations. Moreover, contrary to what occurred in the susceptible strain, resistant worms were viable after PZQ exposure and gradually regaining full motility after removal of the drug. Eggs from resistant strain parasites are considerably smaller than those from susceptible strain. Our results suggest that there might be a difference in the tegument composition of the resistant strain and that worms are less responsive to PZQ. Changes observed in egg morphology might imply alterations in the biology of schistosomes associated to PZQ-resistance, which could impact on transmission and pathology of the disease. Moreover, we propose a hypothetical scenario where there is a different egg tropism of the S. mansoni resistant strain. This study is the first comparing two strains that only differ in their resistance characteristics, which makes it a relevant step in the search for resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Pinto-Almeida
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do PortoPorto, Portugal; Medical Parasitology Unit, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbon, Portugal; Bioanalytical, Microfabrication, and Separations Group, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São PauloSão Carlos, Brazil
| | - Tiago Mendes
- Medical Parasitology Unit, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbon, Portugal; Departamento De Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silmara Marques Allegretti
- Departamento De Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvana Belo
- Medical Parasitology Unit, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Tomás
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Bioanalytical, Microfabrication, and Separations Group, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Afonso
- Medical Parasitology Unit, Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de LisboaLisbon, Portugal; Bioanalytical, Microfabrication, and Separations Group, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São PauloSão Carlos, Brazil; Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Universidade Federal de São CarlosSão Carlos, Brazil
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14
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de Moraes J, Nascimento C, Miura LMCV, Leite JRSA, Nakano E, Kawano T. Evaluation of the in vitro activity of dermaseptin 01, a cationic antimicrobial peptide, against Schistosoma mansoni. Chem Biodivers 2012; 8:548-58. [PMID: 21404438 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that remains a considerable public health problem worldwide. Since the mainstay of schistosomiasis control is chemotherapy with a single drug, praziquantel, drug resistance is a concern. Here, we examined the in vitro effects of dermaseptin 01 (DS 01), an antimicrobial peptide found in the skin secretion of frogs of the genus Phyllomedusa, on Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. DS 01 at a concentration of 100 μg/ml reduced the worm motor activity and caused the death of all worms within 48 h in RPMI 1640 medium. At the highest sublethal concentration of antimicrobial peptide (75 μg/ml), a 100% reduction in egg output of paired female worms was observed. Additionally, DS 01 induced morphological alterations on the tegument of S. mansoni, and a quantitative analysis carried out by confocal microscopy revealed extensive destruction of the tubercles in a dose-dependent manner over the concentration range of 50-200 μg/ml. It was the first time that an anthelmintic activity towards schistosomes has been reported for a dermaseptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué de Moraes
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Ultrastructural analysis of miltefosine-induced surface membrane damage in adult Schistosoma mansoni BH strain worms. Parasitol Res 2012; 110:2465-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Utzinger J, N’Goran EK, Caffrey CR, Keiser J. From innovation to application: social-ecological context, diagnostics, drugs and integrated control of schistosomiasis. Acta Trop 2011; 120 Suppl 1:S121-37. [PMID: 20831855 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 08/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Compared to malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, schistosomiasis remains a truly neglected tropical disease. Schistosomiasis, perhaps more than any other disease, is entrenched in prevailing social-ecological systems, since transmission is governed by human behaviour (e.g. open defecation and patterns of unprotected surface water contacts) and ecological features (e.g. living in close proximity to suitable freshwater bodies in which intermediate host snails proliferate). Moreover, schistosomiasis is intimately linked with poverty and the disease has spread to previously non-endemic areas as a result of demographic, ecological and engineering transformations. Importantly though, thanks to increased advocacy there is growing awareness, financial and technical support to control and eventually eliminate schistosomiasis as a public health problem at local, regional and global scales. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent progress made in innovation, validation and application of new tools and strategies for research and integrated control of schistosomiasis. First, we explain that schistosomiasis is deeply embedded in social-ecological systems and explore linkages with poverty. We then summarize and challenge global statistics, risk maps and burden estimates of human schistosomiasis. Discovery and development research pertaining to novel diagnostics and drugs forms the centrepiece of our review. We discuss unresolved issues and emerging opportunities for integrated and sustainable control of schistosomiasis and conclude with a series of research needs.
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Melo CMLD, de Lima ALR, Beltrão EIC, Cavalcanti CCB, de Melo-Júnior MR, Montenegro SML, Coelho LCBB, Correia MTDS, Carneiro-Leão AMDA. Potential effects of Cramoll 1,4 lectin on murine Schistosomiasis mansoni. Acta Trop 2011; 118:152-8. [PMID: 21333623 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cratylia mollis is a natural forage plant from the Northeast of Brazil. C. mollis seed lectin (Cramoll) containing molecular forms 1 and 4 (Cramoll 1,4) has shown anti-inflammatory and wound-healing activities. This work analyzed the effect of Cramoll 1,4 on experimental schistosomiasis in mice. Experimental groups (n=15/group) were composed of female albino Swiss mice, which were subcutaneously and caudally infected with Schistosoma mansoni (BH strain, 100 cercariae/mouse) and were treated with an intraperitoneal dose after infection as follows: (1) Cramoll 1,4 (50 mg kg(-1) single dose - after 40 days of infection), (2) Cramoll 1,4 (7 mg kg(-1) daily dose - for 7 days after infection) and control (untreated mice). Mice were sacrificed 8 weeks after infection and adult worms were recovered from the portal-hepatic system. Livers were fixed in 10% (v/v) formaldehyde/0.15M NaCl and tissue sections were processed for haematoxilin and Masson's trichrome stainings. Mice infected subcutaneously harboured no or very few worms and hence the effect of Cramoll 1,4 could not be assessed. Results (P≤0.05) were obtained with Cramoll 1,4 using the two treatments, with reduction of: egg excretion (79 and 80%), adult worm recovery (71 and 79%) and liver granulomas (40 and 73.5%) in relation to control. This study showed the potential anti-helminthic activity of Cramoll 1,4 when tested against Schistosomiasis mansoni infection in mice.
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18
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Moraes JD, Nascimento C, Lopes POMV, Nakano E, Yamaguchi LF, Kato MJ, Kawano T. Schistosoma mansoni: In vitro schistosomicidal activity of piplartine. Exp Parasitol 2011; 127:357-64. [PMID: 20832410 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the world's greatly neglected tropical diseases, and its control is largely dependent on a single drug, praziquantel. Here, we report the in vitro effect of piplartine, an amide isolated from Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae), on Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. A piplartine concentration of 15.8 μM reduced the motor activity of worms and caused their death within 24h in a RPMI 1640 medium. Similarly, the highest sub-lethal concentration of piplartine (6.3 μM) caused a 75% reduction in egg production in spite of coupling. Additionally, piplartine induced morphological changes on the tegument, and a quantitative analysis carried out by confocal microscopy revealed an extensive tegumental destruction and damage in the tubercles. This damage was dose-dependent in the range of 15.8-630.2 μM. At doses higher than 157.6 μM, piplartine induced morphological changes in the oral and ventral sucker regions of the worms. It is the first time that the schistosomicidal activity has been reported for piplartine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué de Moraes
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.
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19
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de Melo NI, Magalhaes LG, de Carvalho CE, Wakabayashi KAL, de P. Aguiar G, Ramos RC, Mantovani ALL, Turatti ICC, Rodrigues V, Groppo M, Cunha WR, Veneziani RCS, Crotti AEM. Schistosomicidal activity of the essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae) against adult Schistosoma mansoni worms. Molecules 2011; 16:762-73. [PMID: 21245809 PMCID: PMC6259589 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16010762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro schistosomicidal effects of the essential oil of Ageratum conyzoides L. (Ac-EO) against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni is reported in this paper. Concerning this activity, Ac-EO was considered to be active, but less effective than the positive control (praziquantel, PZQ) in terms of separation of coupled pairs, mortality, decrease in motor activity, and tegumental alterations. However, Ac-EO caused an interesting dose-dependent reduction in the number of eggs of S. mansoni. Precocene I (74.30%) and (E)-caryophyllene (14.23%) were identified as the two major constituents of Ac-EO. These compounds were tested individually and were found to be much less effective than Ac-EO and PZQ. A mixture of the two major compounds in a ratio similar to that found in the Ac-EO was also less effective than Ac-EO, thus revealing that there are no synergistic effects between these components. These results suggest that the essential oil of A. conyzoides is very promising for the development of new schistosomicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalya I. de Melo
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.I.M.); (L.G.M.); (C.E.C.); (K.A.L.W); (G.P.A); (R.C.R.); (A.L.L.M.); (W.R.C.); (R.C.S.V.)
| | - Lizandra G. Magalhaes
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.I.M.); (L.G.M.); (C.E.C.); (K.A.L.W); (G.P.A); (R.C.R.); (A.L.L.M.); (W.R.C.); (R.C.S.V.)
| | - Carlos E. de Carvalho
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.I.M.); (L.G.M.); (C.E.C.); (K.A.L.W); (G.P.A); (R.C.R.); (A.L.L.M.); (W.R.C.); (R.C.S.V.)
| | - Kamila A. L. Wakabayashi
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.I.M.); (L.G.M.); (C.E.C.); (K.A.L.W); (G.P.A); (R.C.R.); (A.L.L.M.); (W.R.C.); (R.C.S.V.)
| | - Gabriela de P. Aguiar
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.I.M.); (L.G.M.); (C.E.C.); (K.A.L.W); (G.P.A); (R.C.R.); (A.L.L.M.); (W.R.C.); (R.C.S.V.)
| | - Rafael C. Ramos
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.I.M.); (L.G.M.); (C.E.C.); (K.A.L.W); (G.P.A); (R.C.R.); (A.L.L.M.); (W.R.C.); (R.C.S.V.)
| | - Andre L. L. Mantovani
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.I.M.); (L.G.M.); (C.E.C.); (K.A.L.W); (G.P.A); (R.C.R.); (A.L.L.M.); (W.R.C.); (R.C.S.V.)
| | - Izabel C. C. Turatti
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; E-Mail: (I.C.C.T.)
| | - Vanderlei Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; E-mail: (V.R.)
| | - Milton Groppo
- Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; E-mail: (M.G.)
| | - Wilson R. Cunha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.I.M.); (L.G.M.); (C.E.C.); (K.A.L.W); (G.P.A); (R.C.R.); (A.L.L.M.); (W.R.C.); (R.C.S.V.)
| | - Rodrigo C. S. Veneziani
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.I.M.); (L.G.M.); (C.E.C.); (K.A.L.W); (G.P.A); (R.C.R.); (A.L.L.M.); (W.R.C.); (R.C.S.V.)
| | - Antônio E. M. Crotti
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (N.I.M.); (L.G.M.); (C.E.C.); (K.A.L.W); (G.P.A); (R.C.R.); (A.L.L.M.); (W.R.C.); (R.C.S.V.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-16-3711-8871; Fax: +55-16-3711-8871
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Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China: the era of the Three Gorges Dam. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23:442-66. [PMID: 20375361 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00044-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential impact of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) on schistosomiasis transmission in China has invoked considerable global concern. The TGD will result in changes in the water level and silt deposition downstream, favoring the reproduction of Oncomelania snails. Combined with blockages of the Yangtze River's tributaries, these changes will increase the schistosomiasis transmission season within the marshlands along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The changing schistosome transmission dynamics necessitate a comprehensive strategy to control schistosomiasis. This review discusses aspects of the epidemiology and transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China and considers the pathology, clinical outcomes, diagnosis, treatment, immunobiology, and genetics of schistosomiasis japonica together with an overview of current progress in vaccine development, all of which will have an impact on future control efforts. The use of synchronous praziquantel (PZQ) chemotherapy for humans and domestic animals is only temporarily effective, as schistosome reinfection occurs rapidly. Drug delivery requires a substantial infrastructure to regularly cover all parts of an area of endemicity. This makes chemotherapy expensive and, as compliance is often low, a less than satisfactory control option. There is increasing disquiet about the possibility that PZQ-resistant schistosomes will develop. Consequently, as mathematical modeling predicts, vaccine strategies represent an essential component in the future control of schistosomiasis in China. With the inclusion of focal mollusciciding, improvements in sanitation, and health education into the control scenario, China's target of reducing the level of schistosome infection to less than 1% by 2015 may be achievable.
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Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic infections in the world. Currently, Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug being used to treat human schistosomiasis on a large scale. Millions of people are treated annually with praziquantel, and drug-resistant parasites thus are likely to evolve. This review focuses on current knowledge about the mechanisms of action of PZQ, possibility of PZQ resistance, potentially alternative drugs, and prospects for development of new schistosomicides .Vaccines production strategies represent an essential component for the future control of schistosomiasis as an adjunct to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Esmat
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maissa El Raziky
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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