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Blanco S, Marín ÁL, Frutos MC, Barahona NY, Rivarola ME, Carrizo LH, Spinsanti L, Gallego SV. Haemovigilance survey and screening strategy for arthropod-borne viruses in blood donors from Argentina. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29476. [PMID: 38373210 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) count among emerging infections, which represent a major challenge for transfusion safety worldwide. To assess the risk of arboviruses-transmission by transfusion (ATT), we performed a survey to evaluate the potential threat for transfusion safety. Samples were retrospectively and randomly collected from donors who donated during the peak of dengue incidence in Cordoba (years: 2016 and 2019-2022). A cost-efficient strategy for molecular screening was implemented with a nucleic acid test (NAT) configured with Flavivirus and Alphavirus-universal degenerated primers targeting conserved gene regions. Besides, we evaluated the neutralizing antibody (NAb) prevalence by plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). A total of 1438 samples were collected. Among the NAT-screened samples, one resulted positive for Flavivirus detection. Subsequent sequencing of the PCR product revealed Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus (SLEV) infection (GeneBank accession number OR236721). NAb prevalence was 2.95% for anti-Dengue, 9.94% anti-SLEV, 1.09% anti-West Nile Virus, and 0% anti-Chikungunya. One of the NAb-positive samples also resulted positive for IgM against SLEV but negative by ARN detection. This is the first haemovigilance study developed in Argentina that evaluates the potential risk of ATT and the first research to determine the prevalence of NAb against Flavivirus through PNRT to avoid possible cross-reactions between Ab against Flavivirus. Herein, the finding of one SLEV-viremic donor and the detection of anti-SLEV IgM in a different donor demonstrated a potential threat for transfusion safety and emphasized the need for increased vigilance and proactive measures to ensure the safety of blood supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Blanco
- Fundación Banco Central de Sangre, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Virología Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ángeles Lorena Marín
- Instituto de Virología Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Celia Frutos
- Instituto de Virología Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional deInvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nubia Yandar Barahona
- Instituto de Virología Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María Elisa Rivarola
- Instituto de Virología Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Lorena Spinsanti
- Instituto de Virología Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sandra Verónica Gallego
- Fundación Banco Central de Sangre, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Virología Dr. J.M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- CONICET (Consejo Nacional deInvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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2
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Martín ME, Alonso AC, Faraone J, Stein M, Estallo EL. Satellite observation to assess dengue risk due to Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in a subtropical city of Argentina. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 37:27-36. [PMID: 36070184 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Earth observation environmental features measured through remote sensing and models of vector mosquitoes species Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus provide an advancement with regards to dengue risk in urban environments of subtropical areas of Argentina. The authors aim to estimate the effect of landscape coverage and spectral indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI], Normalized Difference Water Index [NDWI] and Normalized Difference Built-up Index [NDBI]) on the larvae abundance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in Eldorado, Misiones, Argentina using remote satellite sensors. Larvae of these species were collected monthly (June 2016 to April 2018), in four environments: tire repair shops, cemeteries, dwellings and an urban natural park. The proportion of landscape coverage (water, urban areas, bare soil, low vegetation and high vegetation) was determined from the supervised classification of Sentinel-2 images and spectral indices, calculated. The authors developed spatial models of both vector species by generalized linear mixed models. The model's results showed that Ae. aegypti larvae abundance was better modelled by NDVI minimum values, NDBI maximum values and the interaction between them. For Ae. albopictus proportion of bare soil, low vegetation and the interaction between both variables explained better the abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mía Elisa Martín
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC), FCEFyN, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Ana Carolina Alonso
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina (CONICET), Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Energía no Convencional (INENCO-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Salta, Argentina
| | - Janinna Faraone
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina (CONICET), Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Marina Stein
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina (CONICET), Argentina
- Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Elizabet Lilia Estallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, CONICET, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC), FCEFyN, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina (CONICET), Argentina
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3
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Mansilla AP, Grande JM, Diaz A. Effect of Agroecosystems on Seroprevalence of St. Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses in Birds, La Pampa, Argentina, 2017-2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:1393-1402. [PMID: 35731160 PMCID: PMC9239869 DOI: 10.3201/eid2807.211485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Argentina, the Pampa ecoregion has been almost completely transformed into agroecosystems. To evaluate the environmental (agricultural area, tree coverage, distance to the nearest water body and urban site) and biological (dove, cowbird, and sparrow abundance) effects on free-ranging bird exposure to St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV), we used generalized linear mixed models. For 1,019 birds sampled during 2017–2019, neutralizing antibodies were found against SLEV in samples from 60 (5.8%) birds and against WNV for 21 (2.1%). The best variable for explaining SLEV seroprevalence was agricultural area, which had a positive effect; however, for WNV, no model was conclusive. Our results suggest that agroecosystems in the La Pampa ecoregion increase the exposure of avian hosts to SLEV, thus potentially increasing virus activity.
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4
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Batallán GP, Konigheim BS, Quaglia AI, Rivarola ME, Beranek MD, Tauro LB, Flores SF, Laurito M, Almirón WR, Contigiani MS, Visintin AM. Autochthonous circulation of Saint Louis encephalitis and West Nile viruses in the Province of La Rioja, Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2020; 53:154-161. [PMID: 33176955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis (SLEV) and West Nile (WNV) arboviruses, which circulate in Argentina, are maintained in enzootic transmission cycles involving Culex mosquitoes (vectors) and birds belonging to orders Passeriformes and Columbiformes (amplifier hosts). The objective of this work was to determine the circulation of both viruses among wild birds in a semiarid ecosystem in the Province of La Rioja through a serologic survey. During spring 2013 and fall 2014, a total of 326 wild birds belonging to 41 species were captured in areas close to the cities of La Rioja and Chilecito, in the Province of La Rioja. While exposure to SLEV and WNV was analyzed in birds' serum through neutralizing antibody detection, viral circulation was estimated through apparent seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies. The exposure of the avian community to viruses was 3.02% for SLEV and 1.89% for WNV, while 1.19% corresponded to coinfections. Our study confirms for the first time the circulation of SLEV and WNV in wild birds in the Province of La Rioja. Moreover, it is the first study to register neutralizing antibodies for flavivirus in the species Leptotila verreauxi (White-tipped Dove) (WNV) and Melanerpes cactorum (White-fronted Woodpecker) (SLEV). These results suggest that in semiarid ecosystems from northwestern Argentina the requirements and conditions for amplification and enzootic maintenance of SLEV and WNV would be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo P Batallán
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Enfermera Gordillo S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Brenda S Konigheim
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Enfermera Gordillo S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Agustín I Quaglia
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Enfermera Gordillo S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - María E Rivarola
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Enfermera Gordillo S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mauricio D Beranek
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Enfermera Gordillo S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Laura B Tauro
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Instituto de Biología Subtropical, nodo Iguazú, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Argentina
| | - Sebastián F Flores
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades, Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-Litoral), Universidad Nacional del Litoral/CONICET, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Laurito
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Walter R Almirón
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marta S Contigiani
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Enfermera Gordillo S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés M Visintin
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Biología de la Conservación y Paleobiología (IBiCoPa), Centro de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (CENIIT), Universidad Nacional de la Rioja, La Rioja, Argentina.
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5
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Benitez EM, Ludueña-Almeida F, Frías-Céspedes M, Almirón WR, Estallo EL. Could land cover influence Aedes aegypti mosquito populations? MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 34:138-144. [PMID: 31840284 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is mainly found in urban environments, where human activity guarantees the permanent availability of potential larval habitats. The present study aimed to test for a possible association between Ae. aegypti infestation and land cover classes. From 23 February to 22 May 2015, immature mosquitoes (except eggs) were sampled in artificial containers identified in dwellings in Córdoba city, Argentina. The proportion of each land cover class was determined by SPOT-5 (Satellites Pour 1'Observation de la Terre or Earth-observing Satellites) image classification. Generalized linear models were developed to assess a suite of predetermined hypotheses and identified cover class variables associated with Ae. aegypti infestation. Arboreal vegetation was identified as the land cover with the greatest relative importance, negatively associated with Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. More infestation was find in areas with less arboreal vegetation, which corresponds to more urbanized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Benitez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT) CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - F Ludueña-Almeida
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT) CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Cátedra de Matemática (Cs. Biológicas). Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Frías-Céspedes
- Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba- Dirección de Epidemiología, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - W R Almirón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT) CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - E L Estallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT) CONICET- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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6
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Almeida MABD, Santos ED, Cardoso JDC, Noll CA, Lima MDM, Silva FDAE, Ferreira MS, Martins LC, Vasconcelos PFDC, Bicca-Marques JC. Detection of antibodies against Icoaraci, Ilhéus, and Saint Louis Encephalitis arboviruses during yellow fever monitoring surveillance in non-human primates (Alouatta caraya) in southern Brazil. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:211-217. [PMID: 31032984 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free-ranging non-human primates (NHPs) can host a variety of pathogenic microorganisms, such as arboviruses, which include the yellow fever virus (YFV). This study aimed to detect the circulation of YF and other arboviruses in three wild Alouatta caraya populations in forests in southern Brazil. METHODS We collected 40 blood and serum samples from 26 monkeys captured/recaptured up to four times from 2014 to 2016, searching for evidence of arboviruses by virus isolation, PCR, and neutralization tests. RESULTS Viral isolation and genome detection were negative; however, we detected neutralizing antibodies against the Saint Louis, Ilhéus, and Icoaraci viruses in three NHPs. CONCLUSIONS Saint Louis Encephalitis, Ilhéus, and Icoaraci viruses circulated recently in the region. Future studies should investigate the role of NHPs, other vertebrate hosts and wild vectors in the region's arbovirus circulation and the potential risks of the arboviruses to wildlife, domestic animals, and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Barreto de Almeida
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edmilson Dos Santos
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jáder da Cruz Cardoso
- Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Noll
- 17ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Moura Lima
- 17ª Coordenadoria Regional de Saúde, Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Ijuí, Brazil
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7
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Estallo EL, Sangermano F, Grech M, Ludueña-Almeida F, Frías-Cespedes M, Ainete M, Almirón W, Livdahl T. Modelling the distribution of the vector Aedes aegypti in a central Argentine city. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 32:451-461. [PMID: 30027565 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is an urban mosquito involved in the transmission of numerous viruses, including dengue, chikungunya and Zika. In Argentina, Ae. aegypti is the main vector of dengue virus and has been involved in several outbreaks in regions ranging from northern to central Argentina since 2009. In order to evaluate areas of potential vector-borne disease transmission in the city of Córdoba, Argentina, the present study aimed to identify the environmental, socioeconomic and demographic factors driving the distribution of Ae. aegypti larvae through spatial analysis in the form of species distribution models (SDMs). These models elucidate relationships between known occurrences of a species and environmental data in order to identify areas with suitable habitats for that species and the consequent risk for disease transmission. The maximum entropy species distribution model was able to fit the training data well, with an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of > 0.8, and produced models with fair extrapolation capacity (average test AUC: > 0.75). Human population density, distance to vegetation and water channels were the main variables predictive of the vector suitability of an area. The results of this work will be used to target surveillance and prevention measures, as well as in mosquito management.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Estallo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, U.S.A
| | - F Sangermano
- Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA, U.S.A
| | - M Grech
- Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Esquel, Argentina
| | - F Ludueña-Almeida
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Frías-Cespedes
- Área de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Ainete
- Área de Epidemiología, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - W Almirón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones Entomológicas de Córdoba (CIEC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales (FCEFyN), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - T Livdahl
- Department of Biology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, U.S.A
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8
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Díaz A, Flores FS, Quaglia AI, Contigiani MS. Evaluation of Argentinean Bird Species as Amplifying Hosts for St. Louis Encephalitis Virus (Flavivirus, Flaviviridae). Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:216-221. [PMID: 29761767 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
St.Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is an emerging human pathogen flavivirus in Argentina. Recently, it has reemerged in the United States. We evaluated the role as amplifying host of six resident bird species and analyzed their capacity as host during the 2005 encephalitis outbreak of SLEV in Córdoba. Eared Dove, Picui Ground Dove, and House Sparrow were the three species with highest host competence index. At a city level, Eared Dove and Picui Ground Dove were the most important amplifying hosts during the 2005 SLEV human outbreak in Córdoba city. This finding highlighted important differences in the SLEV ecology between Argentina and the United States. Characterizing and evaluating the SLEV hosts contribute to our knowledge about its ecology and could help us to understand the causes that promote its emergence as a human pathogen in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando S Flores
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Agustín I Quaglia
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marta S Contigiani
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella," Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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9
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Diaz LA, Quaglia AI, Konigheim BS, Boris AS, Aguilar JJ, Komar N, Contigiani MS. Activity Patterns of St. Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses in Free Ranging Birds during a Human Encephalitis Outbreak in Argentina. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161871. [PMID: 27564679 PMCID: PMC5001705 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) (Flavivirus) is a reemerging arbovirus in the southern cone of South America. In 2005, an outbreak of SLEV in central Argentina resulted in 47 human cases with 9 deaths. In Argentina, the ecology of SLEV is poorly understood. Because certain birds are the primary amplifiers in North America, we hypothesized that birds amplify SLEV in Argentina as well. We compared avian SLEV seroprevalence in a variety of ecosystems in and around Córdoba city from 2004 (before the epidemic) and 2005 (during the epidemic). We also explored spatial patterns to better understand the local ecology of SLEV transmission. Because West Nile virus (WNV) was also detected in Argentina in 2005, all analyses were also conducted for WNV. A total of 980 birds were sampled for detection of SLEV and WNV neutralizing antibodies. SLEV seroprevalence in birds increased 11-fold from 2004 to 2005. Our study demonstrated that a high proportion (99.3%) of local birds were susceptible to SLEV infection immediately prior to the 2005 outbreak, indicating that the vertebrate host population was primed to amplify SLEV. SLEV was found distributed in a variety of environments throughout the city of Córdoba. However, the force of viral transmission varied among sites. Fine scale differences in populations of vectors and vertebrate hosts would explain this variation. In summary, we showed that in 2005, both SLEV and to a lesser extent WNV circulated in the avian population. Eared Dove, Picui Ground-Dove and Great Kiskadee are strong candidates to amplify SLEV because of their exposure to the pathogen at the population level, and their widespread abundance. For the same reasons, Rufous Hornero may be an important maintenance host for WNV in central Argentina. Competence studies and vector feeding studies are needed to confirm these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Adrián Diaz
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus—Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”–Facultad de Ciencias Médicas–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas–CONICET–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Agustín Ignacio Quaglia
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus—Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”–Facultad de Ciencias Médicas–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Brenda Salomé Konigheim
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus—Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”–Facultad de Ciencias Médicas–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Analia Silvana Boris
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus—Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”–Facultad de Ciencias Médicas–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Javier Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus—Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”–Facultad de Ciencias Médicas–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicholas Komar
- Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Marta Silvia Contigiani
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus—Instituto de Virología “Dr. J. M. Vanella”–Facultad de Ciencias Médicas–Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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10
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Batallán GP, Estallo EL, Flores FS, Sartor P, Contigiani MS, Almirón WR. St. Louis Encephalitis virus mosquito vectors dynamics in three different environments in relation to remotely sensed environmental conditions. Acta Trop 2015; 146:53-9. [PMID: 25792419 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In Argentina the St. Louis Encephalitis virus (SLEV) is an endemic and widely distributed pathogen transmitted by the cosmopolitan mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. During two outbreaks in Córdoba city, in 2005 and 2010, Culex interfor was also found infected, but its role as vector of SLEV is poorly known. This mosquito species is distributed from central Argentina to southern Brazil. The primary aim of this study was to analyze the population dynamic of Cx. interfor and Cx. quinquefasciatus in three different environments (urban, suburban and non-urban) in relation to remotely sensed environmental data for vegetation (NDVI and NDWI) and temperature (brightness temperature). Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. interfor were found at the three sampled sites, being both the most abundant Culex species, with peaks in early and midsummer. Temporal distribution patterns of both mosquito species were highly correlated in a non-urban area of high SLEV risk transmission. Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. interfor were associated with the most urbanized site and the non-urban environment, respectively; high significant correlations were detected between vegetation indices and abundance of both mosquito species confirming these associations. These data provide a foundation for building density maps of these two SLEV mosquito vectors using remotely sensed data to help inform vector control programs.
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11
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De Freece C, Damiani C, Valzano M, D'Amelio S, Cappelli A, Ricci I, Favia G. Detection and isolation of the α-proteobacterium Asaia in Culex mosquitoes. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2014; 28:438-442. [PMID: 25387864 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of microbiota within mosquitoes continue to widen the spectrum of possible symbiont-based applications against vector-borne diseases. In this context, α-proteobacteria of the genus Asaia (Rhodospirillales: Acetobacteraceae) are emerging as possible endosymbiotic candidates, particularly in paratransgenic approaches aimed at interrupting pathogen transmission. Previous studies have shown that Asaia spp. distribution among Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes displayed positive rates of infection in isolated midguts, salivary glands and reproductive tissues. Similarly, Asaia has been detected in Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta) and Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti) (Diptera: Culicidae) populations. Within the Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae), Asaia infection is still largely unexplored. Here, we summarize a preliminary survey of laboratory-reared Cx. pipiens complex and field-collected Culex quinquefasciatus for the presence of Asaia spp., and present the first identification of Asaia in some of the members of the Cx. pipiens complex and the first description in West African populations of Cx. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C De Freece
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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