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Du X, Hua R, He X, Hou W, Li S, Yang A, Yang G. Echinococcus granulosus ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2D2 and E2N) promote the formation of liver fibrosis in TGFβ1-induced LX-2 cells. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:190. [PMID: 38643149 PMCID: PMC11031992 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a widespread zoonosis caused by the infection with Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.). CE cysts mainly develop in the liver of intermediate hosts, characterized by the fibrotic tissue that separates host organ from parasite. However, precise mechanism underlying the formation of fibrotic tissue in CE remains unclear. METHODS To investigate the potential impact of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes on liver fibrosis formation in CE, two members of ubiquitin-conjugating (UBC) enzyme of Echinococcus granulosus (EgE2D2 and EgE2N) were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and analyzed for bioinformatics, immunogenicity, localization, and enzyme activity. In addition, the secretory pathway and their effects on the formation of liver fibrosis were also explored. RESULTS Both rEgE2D2 and rEgE2N possess intact UBC domains and active sites, exhibiting classical ubiquitin binding activity and strong immunoreactivity. Additionally, EgE2D2 and EgE2N were widely distributed in protoscoleces and germinal layer, with differences observed in their distribution in 25-day strobilated worms. Further, these two enzymes were secreted to the hydatid fluid and CE-infected sheep liver tissues via a non-classical secretory pathway. Notably, TGFβ1-induced LX-2 cells exposed to rEgE2D2 and rEgE2N resulted in increasing expression of fibrosis-related genes, enhancing cell proliferation, and facilitating cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that EgE2D2 and EgE2N could secrete into the liver and may interact with hepatic stellate cells, thereby promoting the formation of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Du
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ruiqi Hua
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Shengqiong Li
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Sichuan Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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García-Luna J, Rivero-Osorio F, González-Porcile MC, Arbildi P, Miles S, Magnone J, Velasco-De-Andrés M, Dematteis S, Lozano F, Mourglia-Ettlin G. Recombinant CD5 and CD6 Ectodomains Induce Antiparasitic and Immunomodulatory Effects in Secondary Cystic Echinococcosis. Parasite Immunol 2024; 46:e13034. [PMID: 38625016 DOI: 10.1111/pim.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Scavenger receptors participate in a wide range of biological functions after binding to multiple non-self or altered self-ligands. Among them, CD5 and CD6 are lymphocyte scavenger receptors known to interact with different microbial-associated molecular patterns, and the administration of the recombinant soluble ectodomains of human CD5 (rshCD5) and/or CD6 (rshCD6) has shown therapeutic/prophylactic potential in experimental models of fungal, bacterial and echinococcal infections. The latter is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, which in humans can induce secondary cystic echinococcosis (CE) after the spillage of protoscoleces contained within fertile cysts, either spontaneously or during surgical removal of primary hydatid cysts. Herein, we have analysed the mechanisms behind the significant protection observed in the mouse model of secondary CE following prophylactic administration of rshCD5 or rshCD6. Our results show that both molecules exhibit intrinsic antiparasitic activities in vitro, as well as immunomodulatory functions during early secondary CE, mainly through Th1/Th17 cytokine bias and promotion of peritoneal polyreactive antibodies. These data support the relevance of the parasite components bound by rshCD5 and rshCD6, as well as the potential of their prophylactic administration as a useful strategy to reduce secondary CE in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín García-Luna
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene 'Prof. Arnoldo Berta', Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Rivero-Osorio
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene 'Prof. Arnoldo Berta', Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Clara González-Porcile
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene 'Prof. Arnoldo Berta', Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paula Arbildi
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene 'Prof. Arnoldo Berta', Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Miles
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene 'Prof. Arnoldo Berta', Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Javier Magnone
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene 'Prof. Arnoldo Berta', Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Graduate Program in Chemistry, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Velasco-De-Andrés
- Group of Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvia Dematteis
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene 'Prof. Arnoldo Berta', Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Francisco Lozano
- Group of Immunoreceptors of the Innate and Adaptive System, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facltuat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei d'Immunologia, Centre de Diagnòstic Biomèdic, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, Departamento de Biociencias (DEPBIO), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Unidad Asociada de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Química Biológica (IQB), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Instituto de Higiene 'Prof. Arnoldo Berta', Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Yang J, Zhao Y, Fu Y, Lv Y, Zhu Y, Zhu M, Zhao J, Wang Y, Wu C, Zhao W. Recombinant antigen P29 of Echinococcus granulosus induces Th1, Tc1, and Th17 cell immune responses in sheep. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243204. [PMID: 38187382 PMCID: PMC10768560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a common human and animal parasitic disease that seriously endangers human health and animal husbandry. Although studies have been conducted on vaccines for echinococcosis, to date, there is no human vaccine available for use. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of in-depth research on basic immunization with vaccines. Our previous results confirmed that recombinant antigen P29 (rEg.P29) induced more than 90% immune protection in both mice and sheep, but data on its induction of sheep-associated cellular immune responses are lacking. In this study, we investigated the changes in CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and antigen-specific cytokines IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A after rEg.P29 immunization using enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISPOT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and flow cytometry to investigate the cellular immune response induced by rEg.P29 in sheep. It was found that rEg.P29 immunization did not affect the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and was able to stimulate the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells after immunization in vitro. Importantly, the results of both ELISPOT and ELISA showed that rEg.P29 can induce the production of the specific cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17A, and flow cytometry verified that rEg.P29 can induce the expression of IFN-γ in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and IL-17A in CD4+ T cells; however, no IL-4 expression was observed. These results indicate that rEg.P29 can induce Th1, Th17, and Tc1 cellular immune responses in sheep against echinococcosis infection, providing theoretical support for the translation of rEg.P29 vaccine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Yang
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yinqi Zhao
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yongxue Lv
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yazhou Zhu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhao
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yana Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Changyou Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Center of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Wang S, Sun H, Wang S, Ren Q, Dai Y, Zhu M, Zhang Y, Kang H, Li J, Xiao J, Dong Y, Wang W. α-Mangostin Exhibits a Therapeutic Effect on Spinal Cystic Echinococcosis by Affecting Glutamine Metabolism. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0009823. [PMID: 37140388 PMCID: PMC10269084 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00098-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cystic echinococcosis, a severely neglected, rare disease, is characterized by high morbidity, disability, and mortality in prevalent regions. Due to the high-risk nature of surgical treatment and the ineffectiveness of conventional drugs, there is an unmet need for novel safe and effective drugs for the treatment of this disease. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of α-mangostin for spinal cystic echinococcosis, and explored its potential pharmacological mechanism. The repurposed drug exhibited a potent in vitro protoscolicidal effect and significantly inhibited the evolution of larval encystation. Moreover, it demonstrated a remarkable anti-spinal cystic echinococcosis effect in gerbil models. Mechanistically, we found that α-mangostin intervention led to intracellular depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, we observed elevated expression of autophagic proteins, aggregation of autophagic lysosomes, activated autophagic flux, and disrupted larval microstructure in protoscoleces. Further metabolite profiling showed that glutamine was imperative for autophagic activation and anti-echinococcal effects mediated by α-mangostin. These results suggest that α-mangostin is a potentially valuable therapeutic option against spinal cystic echinococcosis through its effect on glutamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haohao Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qian Ren
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yi Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Meipeng Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglei Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yimin Dong
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weishan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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Zhou M, Xu D, Zhang W, Wang Y, Zuo M, Wang S, Liu T, Zhang J, Yin L, Guo Z, Liu J, Tan J. The hepato-cardiac disorders in Tibetan residents with hepatic echinococcosis: A case-control echocardiography study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2022; 50:1251-1259. [PMID: 36353905 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical guidelines indicate that chronic highland exposure could induce pulmonary hypertension; chronic hepatic disease may affect cardiac structure and functions. However, the simultaneous impact of hepatic echinococcosis (HE) and chronic highland exposure on cardiac structure and function in Tibetan residents are under-investigated. METHODS One hundred and twenty patients with HE, 23 healthy high-altitude migrants with a mean residence time of 7.15 ± 1.12 years, and 46 healthy Tibetan permanent residents were enrolled in this study. All participants received comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS High-altitude migrants have a relatively lower pulmonary artery flow velocity (PV) and a slightly higher pulmonary artery mean pressure (PAMP) than the Tibetan permanent residents. Patients with HE presented relatively smaller dimensions of the main pulmonary artery and branches and a bigger right atrium and right ventricular cavity size than the two control groups. PV, PAMP and numbers of detectable tricuspid regurgitation jet velocity (TRJV), right ventricular fractional area change (RV_FAC), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), the ratio of tricuspid inflow velocities at early diastole to tricuspid annular early diastolic excursion velocity (RV_E/e') and right ventricular myocardial performance index (RV_MPI) were increased in patients with HE compared to the two control groups. Similarly, decreased LVEF and Impaired left ventricular diastolic function were identified in patients with HE compared to the two control groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with HE presented with impaired biventricular contractile performance and diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People's Hospital of Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Da Xu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People's Hospital of Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People's Hospital of Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingliang Zuo
- Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Siming Wang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People's Hospital of Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People's Hospital of Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixue Yin
- Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyu Guo
- Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology Department, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Tan
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, The People's Hospital of Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
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Yang J, Wang M, Yang J, Chu Z, Chen X, Wu X, Peng X. Calcifying nanoparticles initiate the calcification process of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro through the activation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway and promote the decay of echinococcosis. Open Life Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The role of the calcifying nanoparticles (CNPs) in the calcification process of the outer cyst wall in hepatic cystic echinococcosis (HCE) remains unknown. CNPs were isolated from the tissues of the patients with HCE. Western blotting, alkaline phosphatase staining, and alizarin staining were performed to detect the cellular calcium ion deposition induced by the CNPs. CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays were conducted to determine the effect of CNPs on the apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Western blot experiments were performed to examine the expression levels of apoptosis-related factors and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway constituents. Treatment with CNPs induced the differentiation of MSCs. Calcium-related proteins, including OPN, BMP-2, and RUNX2, were upregulated after the CNP treatment. Similarly, CNP exposure increased the cellular calcium ion deposition in MSCs. In addition, the expression of Bax and Caspase-8 was elevated by the CNPs in MSCs. Treatment with CNPs promoted MSC apoptosis and inhibited the MSC growth. The TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway was also activated after the CNP treatment. This study indicated that CNPs may play a critical role in initiating calcification of the outer cyst wall of HCE and promote the decay of echinococcosis, providing a new strategy for the treatment of hepatic echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Center of Hepatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , 430030 , China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
| | - Meiyan Wang
- Department of Nursing, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , 832000, Xinjiang , China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
| | - Zhiqiang Chu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Department of Immunology, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , 832000, Xinjiang , China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Shihezi University School of Medicine , Shihezi , Xinjiang, 832000 , China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Central Asia High Incidence Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University , Shihezi , 832000, Xinjiang , China
| | - Xinyu Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Shihezi University , No. 107, North Second Road , Shihezi , 832008, Xinjiang , China
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Autoimmunity in human CE: Correlative with the fertility status of the CE cyst. Helminthologia 2022; 59:1-17. [PMID: 35601761 PMCID: PMC9075880 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is speculated to exert several immune-evasion strategies involving autoimmune-phenomena. We evaluated the hypothesizes that the prevalence of autoantibodies increases in the sera of CE patients that may evidence the association between the parasite and autoimmune diseases. Sera from 63 subjects at distinct types of CE cyst fertility were investigated for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), and anti-CCP antibodies. Plasma levels and cellular production of IL-17A cytokine were specifically defined as being assumed to prime for autoimmunity. Healthy-controls were age and gender-matched to test sera. ANA expressions inside the surgically removed metacestode and adventitial layer were also assayed. Out of 63 patients, 35 % had fertile highly viable cysts (group-1), 41 % had fertile low viable cysts (group-2) and 24 % had non-fertile cysts (group-3). A four-fold increase in ANA sera-levels was detected in group-1 compared with their controls (p-value 0.001) while anti-CCP levels were of insignificant differences. In group-2 and group-3, no significant differences were detected between ANA and anti-CCP sera-levels in CE patients and their controls. IL-17A sera-levels in group-1 and group- 2 were significantly higher than their healthy-controls while being of insignificant differences in group-3, p-value= 0.300. No association was detected between sera-levels of IL-17A and ANA as well as anti-CCP antibodies. Interestingly, relative IL-17A cellular expression associated positive ANA deposition in the parasite cells and adventitial layer. Collectively, based on the parasite fertility, IL-17A and ANA seemed to be involved in the host immune defenses against CE. There is no association between CE and anti-CCP antibodies.
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8
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Wang S, Ma Y, Wang W, Dai Y, Sun H, Li J, Wang S, Li F. Status and prospect of novel treatment options toward alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. Acta Trop 2022; 226:106252. [PMID: 34808118 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) are the two most important global parasitic infectious diseases caused by species of Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis, respectively. Although numerous trials have been performed in search of novel therapeutic options to curb the neglected zoonosis, no other nonsurgical options are currently available to replace the licensed anti echinococcal drugs albendazole (ABZ) and mebendazole (MBZ). A safer and more effective treatment plan for echinococcosis is therefore urgently needed to compensate for this therapeutic shortfall. Here, we present a review of the literature for state-of-the-art valuable anti-parasitic compounds and novel strategies that have proved effective against CE and AE, which includes details about the pharmaceutical type, practical approach, experimental plan, model application and protoscolecidal effects in vivo and in vitro. The content includes the current application of traditional clinical chemicals, the preparation of new compounds with various drug loadings, repurposing findings, combined programs, the prospects for Chinese herbal medicines, non-drug administrations and the exploration of target inhibitors based on open-source information for parasitic genes. Next the conventional experimental projects and pharmacodynamic evaluation methods are systematically summarized and evaluated. The demands to optimize the construction of the echinococcosis model and improve the dynamic monitoring method in vivo are also discussed given the shortcomings of in vivo models and monitoring methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yibo Ma
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weishan Wang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haohao Sun
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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9
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Labsi M, Soufli I, Amir ZC, Touil-Boukoffa C. Hepatic inflammation and liver fibrogenesis: A potential target for the treatment of cystic echinococcosis-associated hepatic injury. Acta Trop 2022; 226:106265. [PMID: 34896103 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of cystic echinococcosis (CE) on liver damage, we developed a secondary experimental echinococcosis in Swiss mice by intraperitoneal inoculation of viable protoscoleces. Mice were randomly allocated into three groups: Ctrl group, PBS group, and CE group. Mice were euthanized and associated indications were investigated to evaluate inflammatory and fibrotic responses in liver. Hepatic damage and fibrotic reaction were histologically analyzed. The hepatic expression of iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κβ, vimentin, Bcl-2 and CD68 was evaluated by Immunohistochemical examinations. Interestingly, a significant iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κβ, vimentin, Bcl-2 and CD68 increase levels was observed in liver tissue and pericystic layer of hepatic hydatid cyst and correlate with the abundance of collagen and reticulin fibers. These observations could promote a potential target for the treatment of CE-associated hepatic injury.
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10
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Cao D, Shamsan E, Jiang B, Fan H, Zhang Y, Dehwah MAS. Structural changes and expression of hepatic fibrosis-related proteins in coculture of Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces and human hepatic stellate cells. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:593. [PMID: 34857049 PMCID: PMC8641223 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05037-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of human hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE). AE can cause damage to several organs, primarily the liver, and have severe outcomes, such as hepatic failure and encephalopathy. The main purpose of this study was to explore the interactions between hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and E. multilocularis protoscoleces (PSCs). The results of this study provide an experimental basis for further examination of the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis due to AE infection. Methods We investigated the role of Echinococcus multilocularis (Echinococcus genus) PSCs in hepatic fibrosis by examining structural changes and measuring hepatic fibrosis-related protein levels in cocultures of PSCs and human HSCs. Structural changes were detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and levels of the hepatic fibrosis-related proteins collagen I (Col-I), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and osteopontin (OPN) were measured by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Under coculture (1) both PSCs and HSCs exhibited morphological changes, as observed by TEM; (2) Col-I, α-SMA, and OPN expression levels, which were determined by western blotting and ELISA, significantly increased after 3 days of incubation. Conclusions The results of this study provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of AE-induced hepatic fibrosis. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Deping Cao
- Department of Human Parasitology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, Guangxi Zhuang, China.
| | - Emad Shamsan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China. .,Laboratories Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Taiz University, Turba Branch, 70270, Taiz, Yemen.
| | - Bofan Jiang
- The Key Echinococcosis Laboratory, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Haining Fan
- The Key Echinococcosis Laboratory, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Yaogang Zhang
- The Key Echinococcosis Laboratory, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, 810001, Qinghai, China
| | - Mustafa Abdo Saif Dehwah
- Laboratories Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Taiz University, Turba Branch, 70270, Taiz, Yemen
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11
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Labsi M, Soufli I, Belguendouz H, Djebbara S, Hannachi L, Amir ZC, Touil-Boukoffa C. Beneficial effect of dimethyl fumarate on experimental autoimmune uveitis is dependent of pro-inflammatory markers immunomodulation. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1389-1398. [PMID: 34518966 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is an inflammatory disease of the eye and is one of the major causes of blindness worldwide. Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) constitutes an animal disease model of human endogenous uveitis. In our study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of dimethyl fumarate (DMF) using bovine retinal extract-induced uveitis in a Female Wistar rats. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy, Female Wistar rats were divided into seven experimental groups: control group (n = 5), consisting of non-immunized animals; Uveoretinitis (n = 5), and DMF/Uveoretinitis groups (n = 15), which received a subcutaneous injection of bovine retinal extract emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant; MC group (n = 5), treated by daily intragastric administration of methylcellulose 0.08% in tap water; DMF group, consisting of control positive group, rats received daily oral gavage administration of 500 μL of dimethyl fumarate at 100 mg/Kg dissolved in 0.08% methylcellulose in tap water (n = 5). On day 14 post immunization, the rats were then euthanized and associated indications were investigated to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. Nitric oxide (NO) and TNF-α were assessed in plasma. Meanwhile, eyes were collected for histological and immunohistochemical studies. The retinal expression of iNOS, CD68, CD20, CD25, CD4, and CD8 was examined. Interestingly, DMF enhanced a significant reduction of NO and TNF-α production in the treated group. This effect was strongly related to the histological structure of eyes improvement. In the same context, a significant decrease of iNOS, CD68, and CD20 expression and CD25 increase expression were reported in retinal tissue of DMF/Uveoretinitis group in comparison to the immunized group. Collectively, our results indicate that DMF treatment has a beneficial effect in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and could constitute a good candidate for monitoring an ocular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Labsi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Imene Soufli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Houda Belguendouz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Sara Djebbara
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Leila Hannachi
- Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, University Hospital Center Mustapha Pacha, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zine-Charaf Amir
- Department of Anatomy and Pathological Cytology, University Hospital Center Mustapha Pacha, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Team "Cytokines and NO Synthases", Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, BP 32, El-Alia, 16111, Algiers, Algeria.
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12
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Identification of infiltrating immune cell subsets and heterogeneous macrophages in the lesion microenvironment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients with different cyst viability. Acta Trop 2021; 221:106029. [PMID: 34216561 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human cystic echinococcosis (CE) is characterized by lesion microenvironment formation through gathering various immune cells, including macrophages. However, immune cell subsets and heterogeneous macrophages in CE lesion microenvironment are poorly defined. Massive infiltrating immune cells formed lesion microenvironment, among which CD4+T cells and CD19+B cells were predominant and CD68+ macrophages were more evident in patients with active cysts. Different degrees of liver fibrosis was observed in Peri-Lesion (PL) liver samples, which was more evident in patients with active cysts. Expression of both M1 and M2 macrophage markers was significantly increased in PL liver samples. Importantly, elevation of M1 macrophage markers was more obvious in patients with inactive cysts, whereas M2 macrophage markers represented dominant macrophage phenotype in patients with active cysts. Additionally, macrophage-derived MIF, TGF-β1 and ECM1 were also expressed at higher level in CE lesion microenvironment of patients with active cysts. Moreover, MIF was evidently enhanced in the serum of hepatic CE patients, which was also predominant in patients with active cysts. Correlation analysis demonstrated positive correlation between expression of macrophage-derived cytokines and liver fibrosis degree. Heterogeneous macrophages may play significant roles in liver fibrosis of CE lesion microenvironment through producing pro-fibrogenic cytokines.
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13
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Zhang X, Gong W, Cao S, Yin J, Zhang J, Cao J, Shen Y. Comprehensive Analysis of Non-coding RNA Profiles of Exosome-Like Vesicles From the Protoscoleces and Hydatid Cyst Fluid of Echinococcus granulosus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:316. [PMID: 32793506 PMCID: PMC7387405 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a worldwide chronic zoonotic disease that threatens human health and animal husbandry. Exosome-like vesicles (ELVs) have emerged recently as mediators in the parasite-parasite intercommunication and parasite-host interactions. Exosome-like vesicles from parasites can transfer non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) into host cells to regulate their gene expression; however, the ncRNAs profiles of the ELVs from Echinococcus granulosus remain unknown. Here, we isolated protoscolece (PSC)-ELVs and hydatid fluid (HF)-ELVs from the culture medium for E. granulosus PSCs in vitro and the HF of fertile sheep cysts, respectively. The microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) profiles of the two types of ELVs were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, and their functions were predicted using Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. In PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, 118 and 58 miRNAs were identified, respectively, among which 53 miRNAs were present in both ELVs, whereas 65 and 5 miRNAs were unique to PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, respectively; 2,361 and 1,254 lncRNAs were identified in PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, respectively, among which 1,004 lncRNAs were present in both ELVs, whereas 1,357 and 250 lncRNAs were unique to PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs, respectively. Intriguingly, the spilled PSCs from cysts excrete ELVs with higher numbers of and higher expression levels of miRNAs and circRNAs than HF-ELVs. The miRNA sequencing data were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the target lncRNAs and mRNAs regulated by the 20 most abundant miRNAs were screened, and a ceRNA regulatory network containing 5 miRNAs, 41 lncRNAs, and 23 mRNAs was constructed, which provided new ideas and the molecular basis for further clarification of the function and mechanism of E. granulosus ELVs ncRNAs in the parasite-host interactions. Egr-miR-125-5p and egr-miR-10a-5p, sharing identical seed sites with host miRNAs, were predicted to mediate inflammatory response, collagen catabolic process, and mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade during parasite infections. In conclusion, for the first time, we identified the ncRNAs profiles in PSC-ELVs and HF-ELVs that might be involved in host immunity and pathogenesis, and enriched the ncRNAs data of E. granulosus. These results provided valuable resources for further analysis of the regulatory potential of ncRNAs, especially miRNAs, in both types of ELVs at the parasite-host interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenci Gong
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengkui Cao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhai Yin
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujuan Shen
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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14
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Solaymani-Mohammadi S, Eckmann L, Singer SM. Interleukin (IL)-21 in Inflammation and Immunity During Parasitic Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:401. [PMID: 31867283 PMCID: PMC6904299 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality in the developing and underdeveloped countries. No efficacious vaccines are available against most parasitic diseases and there is a critical need for developing novel vaccine strategies for care. IL-21 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose functions in protection and immunopathology during parasitic diseases have been explored in limited ways. IL-21 and its cognate receptor, IL-21R, are highly expressed in parasitized organs of infected humans as well in murine models of the human parasitic diseases. Prior studies have indicated the ability of the IL-21/IL-21R signaling axis to regulate the effector functions (e.g., cytokine production) of T cell subsets by enhancing the expression of T-bet and STAT4 in human T cells, resulting in an augmented production of IFN-γ. Mice deficient for either IL-21 (Il21−/−) or IL-21R (Il21r−/−) showed significantly reduced inflammatory responses following parasitic infections as compared with their WT counterparts. Targeting the IL-21/IL-21R signaling axis may provide a novel approach for the development of new therapeutic agents for the prevention of parasite-induced immunopathology and tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Solaymani-Mohammadi
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Steven M Singer
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
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15
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A preventive effect of the combination of albendazole and pomegranate peel aqueous extract treatment in cystic echinococcosis mice model: An alternative approach. Acta Trop 2019; 197:105050. [PMID: 31170379 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the preventive effect of the combination of albendazole (ABZ) and pomegranate peel aqueous extract (PGE) treatment in cystic echinococcosis, we assess in vivo the antihydatic and the anti-inflammatory effects of the combination of ABZ/ PGE in cystic echinococcosis mice model. To evaluate the in vivo efficacy, mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with viable protoscolices and then treated with ABZ and/or PGE during cystic echinococcosis development. Mice were randomly allocated into eight groups: ABZ/CE group, PGE/CE group, (ABZ+PGE)/CE group, CE group, and control groups (Ctrl, PBS, ABZ, and PGE groups). Drugs in diverse treated groups were orally administered daily during CE development for two months. Mice were then euthanized and associated indications were investigated to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy. Cyst development and hepatic damage were macroscopically and histologically analyzed. The hepatic expression of iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κβ, vimentin, and CD68 was examined. Interestingly, the association of ABZ and PGE enhanced a significant reduction of the rate of hydatid cyst growth inhibition in comparison to the infected or ABZ-treated groups. This effect was strongly related to the histological structure of liver improvement. A significant iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κβ, vimentin, and CD68 decrease expression was observed in liver tissue of (ABZ+PGE)-treated group compared with infested and ABZ-treated groups. PGE treatment indicates a significant beneficial additive antihydatic effect with a reduction of the liver side effects. The combination of albendazole and PGE treatment is more efficient and suggests its potential preventive value against Echinococcus granulosus infection.
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16
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Li B, Liu YM, Yan Y, Yang N, Gao J, Jiang T, Shang XQ, Tian FM, Ding JB, Ma XM. Effect of different types of macrophages on hepatic fibrosis in Echinococcus Granulosus mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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17
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Niu F, Chong S, Qin M, Li S, Wei R, Zhao Y. Mechanism of Fibrosis Induced by Echinococcus spp. Diseases 2019; 7:diseases7030051. [PMID: 31409055 PMCID: PMC6787674 DOI: 10.3390/diseases7030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Echinococcus spp. causes fibrosis in various vital organs, including the liver and lungs. Hepatic fibrosis is a pathological feature of Echinococcus infection that destroys normal liver tissue, leading to jaundice, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, etc. Severe Echinococcus multilocularis infections lead to liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy. The formation of peripheral fiberboards around the metacestode is a major reason as to why antiparasitic drugs fail to be effectively transported to the lesion site. Studies on the mechanism of hepatic fibrosis caused by Echinococcus are important for treatment in patients. Recent studies have focused on miRNA and TGF-β. More recent findings have focused on the generation of collagen fibers around the metacestode. In this review paper we focus on the mechanism by which the Echinococcus parasite induces fibrosis in liver and some other organs in intermediate hosts—animals as well as human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiu Niu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Shigui Chong
- School of Stomatology, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Mingqun Qin
- School of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Shenmei Li
- School of Stomatology, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Riming Wei
- Department of Nursing teaching and Research, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Yumin Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi 541004, China.
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18
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Mohammed AA, Allen JT, Rogan MT. Echinococcus granulosus cyst fluid enhances epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Parasite Immunol 2019; 40:e12533. [PMID: 29719047 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is characterized by fluid-filled hydatid cysts in the liver and lungs. The cysts are surrounded by a host fibrous layer (the pericyst) which acts to isolate the parasite from surrounding tissues. Previous studies in liver cysts have indicated that the parasite may be a stimulating fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) could influence the potential for fibrosis to occur in lung tissue by stimulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in a human lung epithelial cell line. An adenocarcinoma-derived alveolar basal epithelial cell line (A549) was used as a model for human alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II). These were cultured in vitro with HCF (UK sheep origin). Assays to investigate cell proliferation, cell migration and expression of cytoskeletal markers showed that HCF could stimulate changes indicative of EMT, including enhanced cell proliferation and migration; increased expression of mesenchymal cytoskeletal markers (fibronectin and vimentin) accompanied by a down-regulation of an epithelial marker (E-cadherin). Molecules within hydatid cyst fluid are capable of inducing phenotypic changes in A549 cells indicating that the parasite has the potential to modify lung epithelial cells which could contribute to fibrotic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Mohammed
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - J T Allen
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - M T Rogan
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment & Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, UK
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19
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Wen H, Vuitton L, Tuxun T, Li J, Vuitton DA, Zhang W, McManus DP. Echinococcosis: Advances in the 21st Century. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 32:e00075-18. [PMID: 30760475 PMCID: PMC6431127 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00075-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 498] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonosis caused by cestodes of the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae). This serious and near-cosmopolitan disease continues to be a significant public health issue, with western China being the area of highest endemicity for both the cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) forms of echinococcosis. Considerable advances have been made in the 21st century on the genetics, genomics, and molecular epidemiology of the causative parasites, on diagnostic tools, and on treatment techniques and control strategies, including the development and deployment of vaccines. In terms of surgery, new procedures have superseded traditional techniques, and total cystectomy in CE, ex vivo resection with autotransplantation in AE, and percutaneous and perendoscopic procedures in both diseases have improved treatment efficacy and the quality of life of patients. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, management, control, and prevention of CE and AE. Currently there is no alternative drug to albendazole to treat echinococcosis, and new compounds are required urgently. Recently acquired genomic and proteomic information can provide a platform for improving diagnosis and for finding new drug and vaccine targets, with direct impact in the future on the control of echinococcosis, which continues to be a global challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
| | - Lucine Vuitton
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis and French National Centre for Echinococcosis, University Bourgogne Franche-Comte and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Tuerhongjiang Tuxun
- Department of Liver and Laparoscopic Surgery, Digestive and Vascular Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Dominique A Vuitton
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis and French National Centre for Echinococcosis, University Bourgogne Franche-Comte and University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Wenbao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia and WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Care Management of Echinococcosis, Urumqi, China
- Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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