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Che-Kamaruddin N, Hamid NFS, Idris LH, Yusuff FM, Ashaari ZH, Yahaya H, Sahimin N, Isa NMM. Prevalence and risk factors of fasciolosis in a bovine population from farms in Taiping, Malaysia. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 49:100998. [PMID: 38462308 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a zoonotic disease, considered an emerging neglected tropical disease threatening ruminant productivity and causing economic losses. Controlling fasciolosis is challenging due to the complex life cycle of Fasciola, which involves snail intermediate hosts. The high rainfall status in Taiping makes it an optimal region for snail abundance, which increases the opportunity to complete Fasciola's life cycle. Previous studies showed that liver condemnation caused by fasciolosis was highly prevalent in the Taiping abattoir compared to other investigated main abattoirs of Peninsular Malaysia. Therefore, the present study determined the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and risk factors in farms from Larut and Matang (Taiping), Malaysia. Sampling was carried out from February until August 2020. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 371 fecal samples from bovines (dairy cattle, beef cattle, buffalo) were examined from 23 farms selected based on location, farmer consent, and history of anthelmintic usage. Animal's intrinsic and farm management details were recorded, and interview sessions were conducted with farmers to collect information on the potential risk factors. Individual fecal samples were examined for the presence of Fasciola egg using Flukefinder® sedimentation. There was moderate prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in Taiping (36.9%, n = 137/371). Significant risk factors (p < 0.05) were observed, which include buffalo group (OR = 9.5, 95% CI: 9.44-9.55), age of >3 years (OR = 5.5, 95% CI: 5.43-5.57), thinner animals with body condition score of 1 to 4 (OR = 1.2-14.9, 95% CI: 1.09-15.08), and larger grazing area (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.30-1.31). Additional risk factors include the presence of more than one ruminant species in the same farm (OR = 2.0-2.1, 95% CI: 2.00-2.22), extensive housing system (OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 3.77-4.23), farm age (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.20-1.21), and also co-infection with Paramphistomes (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.10-1.71). The present study underscores the importance of local bovine fasciolosis epidemiology, which could be used to conduct future veterinary and public health programmes to inform effective parasitic management aimed at reducing the prevalence of fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naim Che-Kamaruddin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Fazila Saulol Hamid
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Lokman Hakim Idris
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zulfa Hanan Ashaari
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Hasmawati Yahaya
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Norhidayu Sahimin
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nur Mahiza Md Isa
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
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Zárate-Rendón DA, Padilla DG, Carcausto SP, del Águila A, Wetzel E, Vásquez JÑ. Spatial analysis and risk mapping of Fasciola hepatica infection in dairy cattle at the Peruvian central highlands. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2023; 23:e00329. [PMID: 38125009 PMCID: PMC10731382 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2023.e00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to develop maps for Fasciola hepatica infection occurrence in dairy cattle in the districts of Matahuasi and Baños in the Peruvian central highlands. For this, a model based on the correlation between environmental variables and the prevalence of infection was constructed. Flukefinder® coprological test were performed in samples from dairy cattle from 8 herds, during both the rainy and wet season. Grazing plots were geo-referenced to obtain information on environmental variables. Monthly temperature, monthly rainfall, elevation, slope, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), normalized difference water index (NDWI), distance to rivers, urban areas and roads were obtained by using remote sensor images and ArcGIS®. Multilayer perceptron Artificial Neural Networks modeling were applied to construct a predictive model for the occurrence of fasciolosis, based on the relationship between environmental variables and level of infection. Kappa coefficient (k > 0.6) was used to evaluate concordance between observed and forecasted risk by the model. Coprological results demonstrated an average prevalence from 20% to 100%, in Matahuasi, and between 0 and 87.5%, in Baños. A model with a high level of concordance between predicted and observed infection risk (k = 0.77) was obtained, having as major predicting variables: slope, NDWI, NDVI and EVI. Fasciolosis risk was categorized as low (p < 20%), medium (20% < p < 50%) and high (p ≥ 50%) level. Using ArcGIS 10.4.1, risk maps were developed for each risk level of fasciolosis. Maps of fasciolosis occurrence showed that 87.2% of Matahuasi area presented a high risk for bovine fasciolosis during the dry season, and 76.6% in the wet season. In contrast, 21.9% of Baños area had a high risk of infection during the dry season and 12.1% during the wet season. In conclusion, our model showed areas with high risk for fasciolosis occurrence in both districts during both dry and rainy periods. Slope, NDWI, NDVI and EVI were the major predictors for fasciolosis occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alexis Zárate-Rendón
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento Académico de Nutrición, Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - David Godoy Padilla
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Departamento Académico de Nutrición, Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Samuel Pizarro Carcausto
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Utilización de Pastizales, Departamento Académico de Producción Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Alberto del Águila
- Global Health Initiative, Wabash College, 301 W Wabash Ave, Crawfordsville, IN 47933, USA
| | - Eric Wetzel
- Global Health Initiative, Wabash College, 301 W Wabash Ave, Crawfordsville, IN 47933, USA
| | - Javier Ñaupari Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Ecología y Utilización de Pastizales, Departamento Académico de Producción Animal, Facultad de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
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Oehm AW, Leinmueller M, Zablotski Y, Campe A, Hoedemaker M, Springer A, Jordan D, Strube C, Knubben-Schweizer G. Multinomial logistic regression based on neural networks reveals inherent differences among dairy farms depending on the differential exposure to Fasciola hepatica and Ostertagia ostertagi. Int J Parasitol 2023; 53:687-697. [PMID: 37355196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Fasciola hepatica and Ostertagia ostertagi are cattle parasites with worldwide relevance for economic outcome as well as animal health and welfare. The on-farm exposure of cattle to both parasites is a function of host-associated, intrinsic, as well as environmental and farm-specific, extrinsic, factors. Even though knowledge on the biology of both parasites exists, sophisticated and innovative modelling approaches can help to deepen our understanding of key aspects fostering the exposure of dairy cows to these pathogens. In the present study, multiple multinomial logistic regression models were fitted via neural networks to describe the differences among farms where cattle were not exposed to either F. hepatica or O. ostertagi, to one parasite, or to both, respectively. Farm-specific production and management characteristics were used as covariates to portray these differences. This elucidated inherent farm characteristics associated with parasite exposure. In both studied regions, pasture access for cows, farm-level milk yield, and lameness prevalence were identified as relevant factors. In region 'South', adherence to organic farming principles was a further covariate of importance. In region 'North', the prevalence of cows with a low body condition score, herd size, hock lesion prevalence, farm-level somatic cell count, and study year appeared to be of relevance. The present study broadens our understanding of the complex epidemiological scenarios that could predict differential farm-level parasite status. The analyses have revealed the importance of awareness of dissimilarities between farms in regard to the differential exposure to F. hepatica and O. ostertagi. This provides solid evidence that dynamics and relevant factors differ depending on whether or not cows are exposed to F. hepatica, O. ostertagi, or to both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas W Oehm
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty of Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany.
| | - Markus Leinmueller
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Yury Zablotski
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Amely Campe
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Center for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martina Hoedemaker
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Springer
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Jordan
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gabriela Knubben-Schweizer
- Clinic for Ruminants with Ambulatory and Herd Health Services, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
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Bulla-Castañeda DM, Lancheros-Buitrago DJ, García-Corredor DJ, C-Giraldo-Forero J, Pulido-Medellin MO. Seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine fasciolosis in the municipalities of Colombia. Vet World 2023; 16:1293-1300. [PMID: 37577203 PMCID: PMC10421548 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1293-1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bovine fasciolosis is a reemerging neglected disease with a worldwide distribution caused by the trematode Fasciola spp., which parasitize various hosts. Bovine fasciolosis is responsible for large economic losses in the bovine livestock sector. This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine fasciolosis in the municipalities of Colombia. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with simple random sampling conducted on 1140 cattle from the municipalities of Chiquinquirá, San Miguel de Sema, and Ubaté for a duration of 3 months. Serum samples were processed using the commercial Fasciola hepatica Antibody Test Kit IDEXX® Fasciolosis Verification (IDEXX, United States), which identified immunoglobulin G antibodies for gf2 antigen purified from Fasciola extracts. The f2 antigen is extremely immunogenic and highly specific for F. hepatica. An epidemiological survey was performed to record variables related to the sampled animals and herd management practices. Data were processed using the statistical program Epi Info® (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Atlanta, Georgia). The prevalence ratio was estimated to evaluate the association between fasciolosis and the hypothesized causal factors and the significance of this association using Pearson's Chi-square test. Finally, a logistic regression model was developed. Results The overall seroprevalence was 72.3%. The seroprevalence was 83.9% (323/385) in Chiquinquirá, 68.17% (257/377) in Ubaté, and 64.55% (244/378) in San Miguel de Sema. The seroprevalence was higher in male animals in Chiquinquirá and in female animals in San Miguel de Sema and Ubaté. Similarly, sex showed a statistically significant association with disease prevalence in Ubaté. The highest prevalence was found in cattle aged >2 years. The Holstein breed showed maximum seroprevalence in Chiquinquirá (p ≤ 0.05) and San Miguel de Sema, whereas crossbreed showed higher seroprevalence in Ubaté. Similarly, in Chiquinquirá, the association between the seroprevalence of fasciolosis and the presence of other species was statistically significant (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9601-3.4944; p = 0.0448). In Ubaté, the disease presentation was also associated with pasture rental (95% CI: 0.4047-1.0023; p = 0.003) and attendance to livestock expositions (95% CI: 0.2313-1.0636; p = 0.044). However, in San Miguel de Sema, water from the stream showed a statistically significant association with disease presentation (95% CI: 0.5209-1.0985; p = 0.00649785). Female sex and diarrhea occurrence were considered risk factors for fasciolosis. Conclusion A high seroprevalence of antibodies to Fasciola spp. was detected in cattle in the study municipalities, indicating a high parasite distribution in these areas. Female sex and diarrhea were established as risk factors associated with fasciolosis in Ubaté and San Miguel de Sema, respectively. Further, research is necessary to establish prevention and control programs against parasitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana María Bulla-Castañeda
- Research Group in Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | | | - Diego Jose García-Corredor
- Research Group in Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Julio C-Giraldo-Forero
- Research Group in Parasitology and Tropical Microbiology, Biology Program, Universidad INCCA de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Research Group in Ecoepidemiology and Collective Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martin Orlando Pulido-Medellin
- Research Group in Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia
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Hernández-Hernández JC, González-Garduño R, Ortiz-Pérez DO, Villa-Mancera A, Arias-Vázquez MS, Paz-Silva A. Prevalence of flukes ( Fasciola hepatica and paramphistomids) in cattle in south-eastern Mexico. Helminthologia 2023; 60:141-151. [PMID: 37745221 PMCID: PMC10516476 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2023-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors and prevalence of trematodes in south-eastern Mexico. The prevalence of trematodes was determined in 1010 bovines. The study was carried out from October 2018 (n=291) to December 2019 (n=719). Only in 2019 rumen and liver fluke eggs were differentiated. Faecal samples (n=311) were obtained from farms in southeast Mexico located in Tabasco, Chiapas and Campeche. In addition, the presence of flukes in liver and rumen from slaughtered cattle in abattoirs was recorded with a total of 408 samples. A logistic procedure was used to obtain the prevalence and the effect of main risk factors such as land physiography (flooded areas and hills), year, sex, animals' age and type of sample obtained (eggs in faeces and flukes). The general prevalence of flukes in cattle was 32.3 % in 2018 and 41.7 % in 2019. Prevalence of F. hepatica (liver fluke) was 18.6 % (134/719) and that of paramphistomids (rumen fluke) was 33.4 % (240/719). The infected cattle from the slaughterhouse indicated a lower prevalence of F. hepatica (1 %) and rumen fluke (26.7 %) than in farms detected by egg in faeces (41.8 % and 42.1 %, respectively). The physiographic zone was decisive in the presence of F. hepatica and rumen fluke, while sex did not represent a risk factor (P > 0.05). The environmental conditions of the Mexican southeast favour the presence of both liver and rumen fluke.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Hernández-Hernández
- Unidad Regional Universitaria Sursureste, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, km 7.5 Carr. Teapa-Vicente Guerrero, Teapa, Tabasco, México
| | - R. González-Garduño
- Unidad Regional Universitaria Sursureste, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, km 7.5 Carr. Teapa-Vicente Guerrero, Teapa, Tabasco, México
| | - D. O. Ortiz-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Campus Pichucalco, México
| | - A. Villa-Mancera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco Puebla, Mexico
| | - M. S. Arias-Vázquez
- Facultade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Carvalho Calero sn. 27002, Lugo, España
| | - A. Paz-Silva
- Facultade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Carvalho Calero sn. 27002, Lugo, España
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Muhammad Faez A, Ahmad Najib M, Noraini AG, Weng Kin W, Abd Rahman A, Wan Nor Amilah WAW, Noor Izani NJ. Seasonal Occurrence of Cattle Fascioliasis in Kelantan, Malaysia. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030202. [PMID: 36977241 PMCID: PMC10058272 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal study was conducted in five randomly selected farms in Kelantan, Malaysia to determine the seasonal occurrence of cattle fascioliasis and its association with climatic factors. A total of 480 faecal samples were collected by a random purposive sampling method from July 2018 to June 2019. The faecal samples were examined for the presence of Fasciola eggs using a formalin ether sedimentation technique. Meteorological data including temperature, humidity, rainfall, and pan evaporation were obtained from a local meteorological station. The overall prevalence of cattle fascioliasis in Kelantan was 45.8%. The prevalence was observed to be slightly higher during the wet season from August to December (50–58%) than during the dry season from January to June (30–45%). Meanwhile, the mean eggs per gram (EPG) were highest in June (191.1 ± 0.48) and lowest in October (77.62 ± 95.5). However, there were no significant differences in the mean of EPG between the monthly prevalence, tested using one-way ANOVA (p = 0.1828). A statistically significant association (p = 0.014) was observed between the disease and cattle breeds, with Charolais and Brahman showing lower odds of having the disease. There were significant moderate-to-strong positive correlations between cattle fascioliasis and rainfall (r = 0.666; p = 0.018) and humidity (r = 0.808; p = 0.001), as well as strong negative correlations with evaporation (r = −0.829; p = 0.001). The results indicated that the higher prevalence of cattle fascioliasis in Kelantan was correlated with the climatic factors, which include higher rainfall and humidity and lower evaporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arizam Muhammad Faez
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Ahmad Najib
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Ghafar Noraini
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wong Weng Kin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aziz Abd Rahman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Pengkalan Chepa, Kota Bharu 16100, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Wan Abdul Wahab Wan Nor Amilah
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Jamil Noor Izani
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Fasciolosis prevalence, risk factors and economic losses due to bovine liver condemnation in abattoirs in Mexico. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Prevalence of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella abortus in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): Climatic and environmental risk factors in eastern and southeast Mexico. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kurnianto H, Ramanoon SZ, Aziz NAA, Indarjulianto S. Prevalence, risk factors, and infection intensity of fasciolosis in dairy cattle in Boyolali, Indonesia. Vet World 2022; 15:1438-1448. [PMID: 35993064 PMCID: PMC9375217 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1438-1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Fasciolosis is a significant problem in veterinary and public health, causing huge economic losses. Epidemiological studies of fasciolosis in dairy cattle in Indonesia are few and existing reports primarily focus on prevalence. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and infection intensity of fasciolosis in dairy cattle in Boyolali, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 400 dairy cattle from 72 household farms in eight subdistricts. Fecal samples (n=400) were examined using the Flukefinder® kit and the simple sedimentation technique was the gold standard for fasciolosis. In-person interviews using questionnaires collected data on farmers, farms, and animal characteristics. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associated risk factors for fasciolosis, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The overall prevalence of fasciolosis in dairy cattle in Boyolali, Indonesia, was 16.50% (95% confidence interval [CI] 12.85-20.15) at the animal level (n = 400), whereas 40.28% at household farms (n = 72) level (95% CI 18.67-51.88). The relative sensitivity and specificity of the Flukefinder® kit compared with those of the gold standard were 79.49% and 92.52%, respectively, with a moderate agreement (kappa=0.59; p < 0.001). Fasciolosis was more likely in cattle originating from the Mojosongo subdistrict than from other subdistricts (odds ratio (OR)=5.28, 95% CI 1.22-22.94); from farms that did not process manure versus from those that did (OR = 3.03, 95% CI 1.43-4.71); and with farmers that had never attended extension programs compared with those who had (OR = 4.72, 95% CI 1.99-11.19). Studied cattle were mostly affected by light Fasciola spp. infections (92.4%, 95% CI 77.8-100%) followed by moderate (6.1%, 95% CI 0-22.2%) and heavy (1.5%, 95% CI 0-5.6%) infections.
Conclusion: Fasciolosis is prevalent in dairy cattle in Boyolali, Indonesia. Control efforts should target the high-risk Mojosongo subdistrict, emphasize the importance of processing manure, and encourage farmers to attend extension programs. Flukefinder® is a practical on-site diagnostic kit for fasciolosis in Indonesian dairy farms. Parasite species identification and a malacological survey of intermediate hosts of Fasciola spp. in the farming environment are required for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heri Kurnianto
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Agriculture Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Indonesia
| | - Siti Zubaidah Ramanoon
- Department of Farm and Exotic Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azlina Abdul Aziz
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Soedarmanto Indarjulianto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Mpisana Z, Jaja IF, Byaruhanga C, Marufu MC. Body condition scores, fluke intensity, liver pathology, and carcass quality of different dairy cattle genotypes infected with Fasciola species at high throughput abattoirs in South Africa. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1671-1682. [PMID: 35366098 PMCID: PMC9098594 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Milk is an essential commodity whose demand far exceeds supply. However, dairy animal productivity is constantly hampered by parasitic diseases such as fasciolosis, affecting milk production. Despite the negative impact of liver fluke on milk production, there is little information on liver fluke infection and associated abattoir losses (body weight, condition score, liver pathology, and carcass quality) in culled dairy cattle. This study aimed to determine body condition scores, fluke intensity, liver pathology, and carcass quality of different cattle genotypes infected with Fasciola species at three commercial abattoirs. A longitudinal study was conducted from September 2019 to October 2020 to determine body condition score, liver fluke intensity, liver pathology in 3065 dairy cattle slaughtered in CA1, CA2, and CA3, of the Eastern Cape Province South Africa. Liver fluke intensity significantly increased with cattle age (P < 0.0001). Cattle ≥ 7 years old (59.93 ± 6.42) and those 4 to 6 years old (49.78 ± 9.98) had higher infection than those 2 to 3 years old (27.55 ± 13.68). The liver fluke infection was significantly (P < 0.001) the highest when sampling was conducted in summer, followed by autumn and winter, and least for spring. The differences in carcass weights or body condition scores decreased by 0.99 units (P < 0.0001) or 0.97 units (P < 0.0001) respectively. Therefore, this study suggests that fluke infection could be responsible for considerable economic and production losses mainly due to condemnation and weight loss in dairy cattle. This study recommended a combination of holistic and grazing management to control infection rates in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuko Mpisana
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X 1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X 1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa. .,Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Charles Byaruhanga
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | - Munyaradzi Christopher Marufu
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
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11
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Ico-Gómez R, González-Garduño R, Ortiz-Pérez D, Mosqueda-Gualito JJ, Flores-Santiago EDJ, Sosa-Pérez G, Salazar-Tapia AA. Assessment of anthelmintic effectiveness to control Fasciola hepatica and paramphistome mixed infection in cattle in the humid tropics of Mexico. Parasitology 2021; 148:1458-1466. [PMID: 35060454 PMCID: PMC11010186 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the main anthelmintics used for the control of trematodes in cattle in an endemic area in the humid Mexican tropics. A diagnostic study was carried out in nine cattle farms to determine the prevalence of flukes through faecal examination. Only three farms with more than 20 cows positive to trematodes were chosen to determine the effectiveness of commercial anthelmintics (triclabendazole, TCBZ; ivermectin + closantel, (IVM + CLOS); IVM + clorsulon, (CLORS); nitroxynil, NITROX). The prevalence of Fasciola hepatica was 27.1% and 29.6% of paramphistomes. The faecal egg count of trematodes ranged from 0.0 to 12.2 eggs per gram of faeces. The highest effectiveness against F. hepatica was 96.7%, and 92.7% against paramphistomes. NITROX was the most effective in the control of trematodes, while other products, such as IVM + CLORS and TCBZ obtained values lower than 90%, which puts sustainable trematode control at risk. The presence of trematodes was observed on most farms, although the prevalence per herd was highly variable, which indicates that the trematodes F. hepatica and paramphistomes are endemic to the region and a suitable management programme is suggested to control infections caused by these parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ico-Gómez
- Unidad Regional Universitaria Sursureste. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Km. 7 Carr. Teapa-V. Guerrero, Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Roberto González-Garduño
- Unidad Regional Universitaria Sursureste. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Km. 7 Carr. Teapa-V. Guerrero, Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Diego Ortiz-Pérez
- Facultad De Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Extensión Pichucalco. Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas. Libramiento de la Ciudad, Boulevard Universitario S/N. Col. Napaná, Pichucalco, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Juan J. Mosqueda-Gualito
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Vacunas. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Ever del J. Flores-Santiago
- Unidad Regional Universitaria Sursureste. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Km. 7 Carr. Teapa-V. Guerrero, Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Sosa-Pérez
- Unidad Regional Universitaria Sursureste. Universidad Autónoma Chapingo. Km. 7 Carr. Teapa-V. Guerrero, Teapa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Abel A. Salazar-Tapia
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco. Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
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12
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Prevalence and seasonal variation of Fasciola hepatica in slaughtered cattle: the role of climate and environmental factors in Mexico. J Helminthol 2021; 95:e46. [PMID: 34412711 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle slaughterhouses, as well as its association with climatic/environmental factors (derived from satellite data), seasonality and climate regions in two states in Mexico. Condemned livers from slaughtered animals were obtained from three abattoirs in the states of Puebla and Veracruz. The overall prevalence of the parasite in cattle between January and December of 2017 was 20.6% (1407 out of 6834); the highest rate of condemnation was observed in Veracruz (26.3%; tropical climate), and the lowest rate was found in Puebla (15.5%; temperate climate). The seasonal prevalence of fluke infection was 18.6%, 14.8% and 28.4% during the wet season, and 17.1%, 12.4% and 22.8% during the dry season in the three abattoir sites, located in the districts of Zacatlán, Teziutlán and Ciudad Alemán, respectively. Liver condemnations due to bovine fasciolosis were prevalent in the Zacatlán, Teziutlán and Ciudad Alemán districts during summer, autumn and summer, respectively. Using generalized estimating equations analysis, we determined six variables - rainfall (wet/dry), land surface temperature day, land surface temperature night, normalized difference vegetation index, seasonality and climate regions (temperate/tropical) - to be significantly associated with the prevalence of condemned livers. Climate region was the variable most strongly associated with F. hepatica infection (odds ratio (OR) 266.59; 95% confidence interval (CI): 241.90-353.34), followed by wet and dry seasons (OR 25.56; 95% CI: 20.56-55.67).
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13
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Caravedo MA, White AC, Morales ML, Lopez M, Tanabe MB, Baca-Turpo B, Arque E, Madrid D, Vallabh P, Bascope R, Cabada MM. Comparison of Liver Condemnation and Bile Microscopy As Tools to Estimate Fasciola hepatica Prevalence and Burden in the Anta Province of Cusco in Peru. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:707-712. [PMID: 34129405 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2020.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a zoonotic infection linked to significant economic losses in the livestock industry. Infection prevalence and estimated financial burden vary across locations owing to different diagnostic tests used. The accuracy of liver condemnation to estimate the prevalence and costs of fascioliasis has seldom been evaluated. We performed a pilot study to determine the prevalence and burden of Fasciola hepatica infection among cattle slaughtered at the municipal abattoir in the Anta province of the Cusco highlands in Peru. We compared liver condemnation with bile microscopy for the diagnosis of infection and prediction of carcass weight. Data were collected from 2009 slaughtered cattle for 1 year. The overall prevalence of Fasciola infection by bile microscopy was 62.5% (1247/2009). A higher prevalence was observed after the rainy season from March to August than from September to February (p < 0.01). Fascioliasis prevalence during the first 6 months was 77.4% (714/923), combining the results of condemnation and microscopy. Bile microscopy diagnosed more infections than liver condemnation (62.7% (579/923) versus 55.4% (511/923), McNemar test p < 0.01). The agreement of the bile microscopy testing with liver condemnation was fair (κ = 0.247). Animal age, gender, breed, and liver condemnation predicted carcass weight [F (df 4, 704) = 61.1, p < 0.001]. Liver condemnation and bile microscopy are complementary tools for evaluation of the prevalence and burden of fascioliasis in livestock. Large scale studies are warranted to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alejandra Caravedo
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - A Clinton White
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Maria Luisa Morales
- Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Martha Lopez
- Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Melinda Barbara Tanabe
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Benicia Baca-Turpo
- Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Eulogia Arque
- Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Daniela Madrid
- Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
| | - Prithvi Vallabh
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Ruben Bascope
- Zoonosis Unit, Direccion Regional de Salud del Cusco, Ministerio de Salud, Cusco, Peru
| | - Miguel Mauricio Cabada
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.,Cusco Branch-Tropical Medicine Institute, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cusco, Peru
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14
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Villa-Mancera A, Alcalá-Canto Y, Reynoso-Palomar A, Olmedo-Juárez A, Olivares-Pérez J. Vaccination with cathepsin L phage-exposed mimotopes, single or in combination, reduce size, fluke burden, egg production and viability in sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Parasitol Int 2021; 83:102355. [PMID: 33872793 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fascioliasis is a worldwide emergent zoonotic disease that significantly constrains the productivity of livestock. In this study, fluke burdens, liver fluke size and biomass, faecal eggs counts, serum levels of hepatic enzymes and immune response were assessed in sheep vaccinated with peptide mimotopes of cathepsin L and infected with metacercariae. A total of 25 sheep were allocated randomly into five groups of five animals each, and experimental groups were immunised with 1 × 1013 filamentous phage particles of cathepsin L1 (CL1) (TPWKDKQ), CL2 (YGSCFLR) and mixtures of CL1 + CL2 mimotopes, in combination with Quil A adjuvant, and wild-type M13KE phage in a two-vaccination scheme on weeks 0 and 4. The control group received phosphate-buffered saline. All groups were challenged with 300 metacercariae two weeks after the last immunisation and euthanised 16 weeks later. The CL1 vaccine was estimated to provide 57.58% protection compared with the control group; no effect was observed in animals immunised with CL2 and CL1 + CL2 (33.14% and 11.63%, respectively). However, animals receiving CL2 had a significant reduction in parasite egg output. Vaccinated animals showed a significant reduction in fluke length and width and wet weights. In the CL1 group, there was a significant reduction in the total biomass of parasites recovered. Egg development was divided into seven stages: dead, empty, unembryonated, cell division, eyespot, hatched and hatching. The highest percentage of developmental stages was detected for vaccinated sheep administered CL1 + CL2 with cell division, and the lowest percentage was observed in the hatching stage. Furthermore, a significant difference in all developmental stages was observed between vaccinated animals and the control group (P < 0.01). The levels of anti-phage total IgG in immune sera increased significantly at four weeks after immunisation and were always significantly higher for cathepsin L vaccine group than in the challenged control group. Total IgG was inversely and significantly correlated with worm burden in the CL1 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Villa-Mancera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Yazmín Alcalá-Canto
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Alcaldía Coyoacán, Ciudad de México C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Reynoso-Palomar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco Puebla, Mexico
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID SAI-INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534 / Col. Progreso, A.P. 206-CIVAC, C.P. 62550 Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Jaime Olivares-Pérez
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Ciudad Altamirano, Guerrero, Mexico
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15
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Villa-Mancera A, Alcalá-Canto Y, Olivares-Pérez J, Molina-Mendoza P, Hernández-Guzmán K, Utrera-Quintana F, Carreón-Luna L, Olmedo-Juárez A, Reynoso-Palomar A. Vaccination with cathepsin L mimotopes of Fasciola hepatica in goats reduces worm burden, morphometric measurements, and reproductive structures. Microb Pathog 2021; 155:104859. [PMID: 33845124 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a worldwide emergent zoonotic disease that significantly constrains the productivity of livestock. We conducted an experimental trial with four groups of five goats each, vaccinated with 1 × 1013 phage particles of cathepsin L1 (CLI: DPWWLKQ), CL1 (SGTFLFS), and CL2 (PPIRNGK) mimotopes combined with Quil A adjuvant. Animals received a booster four weeks later. The control group received phosphate-buffered saline. All animals were infected with 200 Fasciola hepatica metacercariae at week six and euthanised 16 weeks later. The percentage of significant worm reduction in CL1 (DPWWLKQ), CL1 (SGTFLFS), and CL2 (PPIRNGK) compared to the control group were 55.40%, 70.42% (P < 0.05), and 32.39%, respectively. Vaccinated animals showed a significant reduction in faecal egg production and egg viability. A significant reduction in the total biomass of parasites recovered was observed in the CL1 (DPWWLKQ) and CL1 (SGTFLFS) groups. In goats vaccinated with CL2 (PPIRNGK), fluke length and width were smaller than those in the control group. Furthermore, animals receiving CL mimotopes showed a significant reduction in the total area of reproductive structures. Goats immunised with phage-displayed mimotopes produced significantly high titres of specific IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes, indicating a mixed Th1/Th2 response. The liver fluke burdens in goats vaccinated with CL1 (DPWWLKQ) and CL1 (SGTFLFS) were significantly correlated with IgG and IgG1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Villa-Mancera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Yazmín Alcalá-Canto
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Delegación Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Jaime Olivares-Pérez
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Ciudad Altamirano, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Pedro Molina-Mendoza
- Ingeniería en Agronomía y Zootecnia, División de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Puebla. Calle Principal a Lipuntahuaca S/N, Lipuntahuaca, Huehuetla, Puebla, C.P. 73475, Mexico
| | - Karina Hernández-Guzmán
- Ingeniería en Agronomía y Zootecnia, División de Ciencias Naturales. Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Puebla. Calle Principal a Lipuntahuaca S/N, Lipuntahuaca, Huehuetla, Puebla, C.P. 73475, Mexico
| | - Fernando Utrera-Quintana
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Carreón-Luna
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID SAI-INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534 / Col. Progreso, C.P. 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, A.P. 206-CIVAC, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Reynoso-Palomar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico
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16
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Villa-Mancera A, Olivares-Pérez J, Olmedo-Juárez A, Reynoso-Palomar A. Phage display-based vaccine with cathepsin L and excretory-secretory products mimotopes of Fasciola hepatica induces protective cellular and humoral immune responses in sheep. Vet Parasitol 2020; 289:109340. [PMID: 33373968 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a foodborne zoonotic disease that affects grazing animals and causes substantial economic losses worldwide. Excretory/secretory (E/S) products and cathepsin L mimotopes from Fasciola hepatica were used to immunise experimentally infected sheep against liver flukes. The level of protection was measured in terms of fluke burden, morphometric measurements and faecal egg counts, as well as the humoral and cellular immune responses elicited. Five groups of 5 sheep each were immunised with 1 × 1013 phage particles of cathepsin L1 (group 1: SGTFLFS), cathepsin L1 (group 2: WHVPRTWWVLPP) and immunodominant E/S product (group 3) mimotopes with Quil A adjuvant, and wild-type M13KE phage (group 4) at the beginning and as a booster two weeks later. The control group received phosphate-buff ;ered saline. All groups were challenged with 300 metacercariae at week four and slaughtered 18 weeks later. The mean fluke burdens after challenge were reduced by 52.39 % and 67.17 % in sheep vaccinated with E/S products (group 3) and cathepsin L1 (group 1: SGTFLFS), respectively; no eff ;ect was observed in animals inoculated with cathepsin L1 (group 2: WHVPRTWWVLPP). Animals vaccinated showed a significant reduction in fluke length and width, wet weights and egg output Sheep immunised with phage-displayed mimotopes induced the development of specific IgG1 and IgG2, indicating a mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Measurement of cytokine levels revealed higher levels of IFN-γ as well as lower production of IL-4 in sheep vaccinated with the mimotope peptide of F. hepatica. Fluke-specific production of IFN-γ in immunised animals was significantly correlated with fluke burden (P < 0.01). As helminth infection progressed, increased levels of IL-4 were evident in the wild-type M13KE phage (group 4) and the control groups (group 5), accompanied by a downregulation of IFN-γ production. Vaccinated animals with cathepsin L1 (group 1: SGTFLFS) showed that amino acids located in the middle (64SG65) of the linear sequence and C-terminal end (314TFLFS318) were associated with significant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Villa-Mancera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Jaime Olivares-Pérez
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Ciudad Altamirano, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Agustín Olmedo-Juárez
- Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad (CENID SAI-INIFAP), Carretera Federal Cuernavaca-Cuautla No. 8534 / Col. Progreso, C.P. 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, A.P. 206-CIVAC, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Reynoso-Palomar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Tecamachalco, Puebla, Mexico
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17
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Villa-Mancera A, Reynoso-Palomar A. The prevalence and risk factors of liver fluke infection in Mexican horses, donkeys and mules in tropical and temperate regions. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3699-3703. [PMID: 33006039 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection in horses, donkeys and mules from different climate regions in two states of Mexico. A total of 594 serum samples were analysed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with excretory-secretory (E/S) products as the antigen. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of serum IgG ELISA were 100% and 97.2%, respectively. We collected data using a questionnaire. The overall prevalence of the parasite in equids between May 2018 and April 2019 was 13.1% (78 out of 594). The highest prevalence was found in mules (17.9%), followed by that in donkeys (13.9%) and horses (10.4%). In addition, the highest percentage of positive equines was detected in samples from the tropical climate (17.5%). The identification of risk factors was assessed by bivariate logistic regression analysis. Mules had 8.608 times higher risk for F. hepatica infections as compared with horses (odds ratio (OR) 8.608; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.809-26.377), while the OR for 6-10-year-old equines was 93.375 compared with that of young equines (≤ 5 years old) (OR 93.375; 95% CI: 11.075-787.239). Likewise, tropical climate equines had 83.7% increased odds for fasciolosis (OR 1.83).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Villa-Mancera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 4 Sur 304 Col. Centro, CP 75482, Tecamachalco Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Reynoso-Palomar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 4 Sur 304 Col. Centro, CP 75482, Tecamachalco Puebla, Mexico
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18
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Novobilský A, Rustas BO, Grandi G, Högberg N, Höglund J. Selective flukicide treatment of non-lactating cows and the corresponding production impact of Fasciola hepatica in dairy herds in Sweden. Vet Parasitol 2020; 283:109180. [PMID: 32682280 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A control strategy against Fasciola hepatica infection based on selective treatment of non-lactating animals was evaluated in four Swedish dairy herds. The study was conducted over the course of two consecutive seasons in moderately to highly F. hepatica infected herds with robotic milking, where heifers and dry cows received an oral drench with albendazole (10 mg/kg) during three visits in January, February and March in both 2017 and 2018. This resulted in an anthelmintic coverage between 38 % and 58 % of the animals. Furthermore, on each visit, the infection status of all dewormed animals along with 15 randomly selected milking cows were monitored by detection of F. hepatica coproantigens. Individual milk samples were also collected quarterly from the whole herds for measurements of individual antibody levels against the parasite using milk ELISA. In addition, individual data on milk yield and quality were collected on a monthly basis between 2016 and 2018. To further study the impact of the infection on milk production, truly F. hepatica positive and negative cows in the first lactation were identified based on the results from coproantigen and milk ELISA assays. Total F. hepatica coproantigen prevalence in the herds varied between 28 % and 85 % in the first year, and between 27 % and 68 % in the second year of the study. We found that two years of treatments resulted in a significant decrease of coproantigen-positivity especially on the two most heavily infected farms. These results were confirmed by a similar drop in within-herd prevalences obtained by milk ELISA results. The infection had a significant negative impact on milk yields in untreated F. hepatica positive cows. No consistent long-term effect was observed at the herd level probably due to the influx of animals infected before puberty and/or adult animals that were re-infected at dry-off. This is the first study of the effects of F. hepatica infection on milk yield and quality in dairy herds in Sweden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Novobilský
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden; Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 70, 621 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bengt-Ove Rustas
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giulio Grandi
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niclas Högberg
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johan Höglund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Munita MP, Rea R, Martinez-Ibeas AM, Byrne N, McGrath G, Munita-Corbalan LE, Sekiya M, Mulcahy G, Sayers RG. Liver fluke in Irish sheep: prevalence and associations with management practices and co-infection with rumen fluke. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:525. [PMID: 31694686 PMCID: PMC6836660 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3779-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to identify the national prevalence of Fasciola hepatica in Irish sheep and to conduct a risk analysis assessment based on management and treatment practices in participating flocks. Also, co-infection with rumen fluke was quantified and its association with liver fluke and management practices was assessed. METHODS A total of 305 sheep flocks were selected ensuring even national representation of the sheep population. Participating farms were asked to complete a survey questionnaire on farm management practices and submit faecal samples during the winter of 2014-2015. Pooled faecal samples were analysed for the presence of F. hepatica and co-infection with rumen fluke. Apparent and true prevalence were calculated, additionally, the rate of co-infection with rumen fluke was also obtained. Correlation and regression analyses were used for assessing associations between management practices, liver fluke infection and co-infection with rumen fluke. RESULTS The national true prevalence of F. hepatica was 50.4% (n = 305). Regional prevalence varied from 41% in the east to 52% in the south. Co-infection with rumen fluke was observed in 40% of the studied population and correlated with increased F. hepatica egg counts (OR = 2.9; P ≤ 0.001). Predominant breeds were Suffolk, Texel and Horned Mountain breeds. Beef cattle were the most frequent type of other livestock present on farms and mixed species grazing was frequently reported (73%). More than half of the flocks reported a mid-to-late lambing period (March-April). Use of mountain land for grazing was of 32%. Flukicides were most commonly used twice over the autumn-winter period. Regression analyses highlighted significant association of F. hepatica status, with the presence of other livestock on farm, frequency of flukicides used during the winter and clinical presentation of liver fluke. A significant increase in eggs per gram of faeces was observed in Charollais sheep in comparison with all other breeds. Co-infection with F. hepatica and Calicophoron daubneyi was also significantly associated with the presence of other livestock on the farm, type of flukicide used and clinical fasciolosis. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides up-to-date information on the prevalence of F. hepatica in Irish sheep and adds insight to the epidemiology of the disease. These findings will be useful for designing new holistic control measures for F. hepatica infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pia Munita
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Rosemary Rea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana Maria Martinez-Ibeas
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel Byrne
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Guy McGrath
- Centre for Veterinary Epidemiology and Risk Analysis, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Mary Sekiya
- UCD, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Mulcahy
- UCD, School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ríona G Sayers
- Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
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