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Djègbè I, Hessou-Djossou D, Gounou Boukari MKY, Nonfodji O, Tchigossou G, Djouaka R, Cornelie S, Akogbeto M, Djogbenou L, Chandre F. Physico-chemical characterization of Anopheles gambiae s.l. breeding sites and kdr mutations in urban areas of Cotonou and Natitingou, Benin. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:545. [PMID: 38816702 PMCID: PMC11140934 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the physicochemical characteristics of An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii breeding sites, the susceptibility profiles to commonly used insecticides in public health, and the underlying insecticide resistance mechanisms. METHODS Anopheles breeding sites surveys were conducted in Cotonou and Natitingou in September 2020, January and August 2021. Physicochemical properties and bacterial loads were determined in individual breeding sites. The WHO susceptibility assays were carried out using the female of the emerging adult mosquitoes. Anopheles species were identified through PCR techniques. Kdr L1014F/S, N1575Y and G119S mutations were investigated using TaqMan genotyping assays. RESULTS Molecular analysis showed that all mosquitoes analyzed in Cotonou were Anopheles coluzzii, while those of Natitingou were Anopheles gambiae s.s. Fecal coliforms were identified as playing a role in this distribution through their significant influence on the presence of An. coluzzii larvae. WHO susceptibility assay indicated a high level of resistance to deltamethrin in the two cities. The resistance levels to deltamethrin were higher in Cotonou (X2 = 31.689; DF = 1; P < 0.0001). There was a suspected resistance to bendiocarb in Cotonou, whereas the mosquito population in Natitingou was resistant. The kdr L1014F mutation was highly observed in both mosquito populations (frequence: 86-91%), while the Ace-1 mutation was found in a small proportion of mosquitoes. In Cotonou, salinity was the only recorded physicochemical parameter that significantly correlated with the resistance of Anopheles mosquitoes to deltamethrin (P < 0.05). In Natitingou, significant correlations were observed between the allelic frequencies of the kdr L1014F mutation and pH, conductivity, and TDS. CONCLUSION These results indicate a high level of pyrethroid resistance in the anopheles populations of both Cotonou and Natitingou. Moreover, this study report the involvement of abiotic factors influencing Anopheles susceptibility profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Djègbè
- Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, Natitingou, Bénin
- Plateforme Agriculture Environnement Santé, Institut International d'Agriculture Tropicale (IITA-Bénin), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Donald Hessou-Djossou
- Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, Natitingou, Bénin.
| | | | - Odilon Nonfodji
- Laboratoire de Chimie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (LCEE), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Natitingou, UNSTIM, Natitingou, Bénin
| | - Geneviève Tchigossou
- Plateforme Agriculture Environnement Santé, Institut International d'Agriculture Tropicale (IITA-Bénin), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Rousseau Djouaka
- Plateforme Agriculture Environnement Santé, Institut International d'Agriculture Tropicale (IITA-Bénin), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Sylvie Cornelie
- Evolution et Contrôle, UMR IRD 224-CNRS, Université de Montpellier2. MIVEGEC. Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Montpellier cedex 5, 5290, France
| | - Martin Akogbeto
- Centre de Recherche Entomologique de Cotonou (CREC), Ministère de la Santé, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Luc Djogbenou
- Institut Régional de Santé Publique (IRSP), Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), Ouidah, Bénin
| | - Fabrice Chandre
- Evolution et Contrôle, UMR IRD 224-CNRS, Université de Montpellier2. MIVEGEC. Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs : Ecologie, Génétique, Montpellier cedex 5, 5290, France
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Rants'o TA, Koekemoer LL, van Zyl RL. The insecticidal activity of essential oil constituents against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Int 2023; 95:102749. [PMID: 36898498 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Malaria vector control relies on the use of insecticides for indoor residual spraying and long-lasting bed nets. However, insecticide resistance to pyrethroids among others, has escalated. Anopheles funestus, one of the major African malaria vectors, has attained significant levels of resistance to pyrethroids. Overexpressed P450 monooxygenases have been previously identified in pyrethroid resistant An. funestus. The escalating resistance against conventional insecticides signals an urgent need for identification of novel insecticides. Essential oils have gained recognition as promising sources of alternative natural insecticides. This study investigated six essential oil constituents, farnesol, (-)-α-bisabolol, cis-nerolidol, trans-nerolidol, methyleugenol, santalol (α and β isomers) and essential oil of sandalwood, for the adulticidal effects against pyrethroid-resistant An. funestus strain. The susceptibility against these terpenoids were evaluated on both pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant An. funestus. Furthermore, the presence of overexpressed monooxygenases in resistant An. funestus was confirmed. Results showed that both the pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant An. funestus were susceptible to three EOCs; cis-nerolidol, trans-nerolidol and methyleugenol. On the other hand, the pyrethroid-resistant An. funestus survived exposure to both farnesol and (-)-α-bisabolol. This study however does not show any direct association of the overexpressed Anopheles monooxygenases and the efficacy of farnesol and (-)-α-bisabolol. The enhanced activity of these terpenoids against resistant An. funestus that has been pre-exposed to a synergist, piperonyl butoxide, suggests their potential effectiveness in combination with monooxygenase inhibitors. This study proposes that cis-nerolidol, trans-nerolidol and methyleugenol are potential agents for further investigation as novel bioinsecticides against pyrethroid-resistant An. funestus strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thankhoe A Rants'o
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; WITS Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Lizette L Koekemoer
- WITS Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Robyn L van Zyl
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; WITS Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Namountougou M, Kientega M, Kaboré PDA, Soma DD, Pare Toe L, Sawadogo JME, Birba WJ, Gnankiné O, Dabiré KR, Okumu F, Diabaté A. Residual Malaria Transmission: magnitude and drivers of persistent Plasmodium infections despite high coverage of control interventions in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Acta Trop 2023; 242:106913. [PMID: 36997012 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
This study collected baseline data on malaria vectors to characterize the drivers and the factors of persistent malaria transmission in two villages in the western part of Burkina Faso. Mosquitoes were collected in each village using the Human landing catch and pyrethrum spray catch and identified using the morphological keys. Molecular analyses were performed for the identification of An. gambiae complex species, the detection of Plasmodium infection and kdr-995F mutation. Anopheles mosquito larvae were also collected in the same villages, reared to adult's stage for the WHO tube and cone tests performing. The physical integrity of the LLINs already used by people in each village was assessed using the proportional hole index (pHI). An. gambiae s.l. was the main malaria vector accounting for 79.82% (5560/6965) of all collected mosquitoes. The biting pattern of An. gambiae s.l. was almost constant during the survey with an early aggressiveness before 8 p.m. and later biting activity after 6 a.m. The EIR varied from 0.13 to 2.55 infected bites per human per night (average: 1.03 infected bites per human per night). An. gambiae s.l. populations were full susceptible to Chlorpyrifos-methyl (0.4%) and Malathion (5%) with high kdr-995F mutation frequencies (>0.8). The physical integrity assessment showed high proportion of good nets in Santidougou compared to those collected in Kimidougou. This study highlighted a persistence of malaria transmission despite the intense use of vector control tools as LLINs and IRS by correlating mosquito biting time and human behavior. It provided a baseline guide for the monitoring of the residual malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa and encouraging the development of new alternative strategies to support the current malaria control tools.
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Bayili K, Ki HD, Bayili B, Sow B, Ouattara A, Small G, Hien AS, Dabire RK, Diabate A. Laboratory and experimental hut trial evaluation of VECTRON™ T500 for indoor residual spraying (IRS) against insecticide resistant malaria vectors in Burkina Faso. Gates Open Res 2022; 6:57. [PMID: 35950163 PMCID: PMC9326088 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13578.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malaria cases in some areas could be attributed to vector resistant to the insecticide. World Health Organization recommended insecticides for vector control are limited in number. It is essential to find rotational partners for existing Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) products. VECTRON™ T500 is a novel insecticide with broflanilide as active ingredient. It has a mode of action on mosquitoes completely different to usually used. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum effective dose and efficacy of VECTRONTM T500 against susceptible and resistant strains of Anopheles in Burkina Faso. Methods: VECTRON™T500 was sprayed at 50, 100 and 200 mg/m² doses onto mud and concrete blocks using Potter Spray Tower. The residual activity of broflanilide was assessed through cone bioassays 1 week and then monthly up to 14 months post spraying. Its efficacy was evaluated at 100 and 150 mg/m² against wild free-flying mosquitoes in experimental huts on both substrates. Actellic 300CS was applied at 1000 mg/m² as reference product. Cone assays were conducted monthly, using susceptible and resistant mosquito strains. Results: In the laboratory, VECTRON™ T500 showed residual efficacy (≥80% mortality) on An. gambiae Kisumu up to 12 and 14 months, respectively, on concrete and mud blocks. Similar results were found with 100 and 200 mg/m² using An. coluzzii pyrethroid resistant strain. In experimental huts, a total of 19,552 An. gambiae s.l. were collected. Deterrence, blood-feeding inhibition and exophily with VECTRON™ treated huts were very low. At 100 and 150 mg/m², mortality of wild An. gambiae s.l. ranged between 55% and 73%. Monthly cone bioassay mortality remained >80% up to 9 months. Conclusions: VECTRON™ T500 shows great potential as IRS formulation for malaria vector control. It can be added to the arsenal of IRS products for use in rotations to control malaria and manage mosquito insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koama Bayili
- Entomologist, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-dioulasso, 545, Burkina Faso
| | - Hyacinthe D. Ki
- Entomologist, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-dioulasso, 545, Burkina Faso
| | - Bazoma Bayili
- Entomologist, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-dioulasso, 545, Burkina Faso
- Entomologist, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Bazoumana Sow
- Entomologist, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-dioulasso, 545, Burkina Faso
- Entomologist, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Ouattara
- Entomologist, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-dioulasso, 545, Burkina Faso
| | - Graham Small
- Senior Technical Manager, Innovative Vector Control Consortium, Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5QA, UK
| | - Aristide S. Hien
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Roch K. Dabire
- Entomologist, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-dioulasso, 545, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Diabate
- Entomologist, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-dioulasso, 545, Burkina Faso
- Entomologist, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Balboné M, Soma DD, Namountougou M, Drabo SF, Konaté H, Toe O, Bayili K, Meda GB, Dabiré RK, Gnankine O. Essential Oils From Five Local Plants: An Alternative Larvicide for Anopheles gambiae s.l. (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Control in Western Burkina Faso. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.853405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMalaria and dengue are two main vector-borne infectious diseases transmitted by Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti, respectively, in tropical and subtropical regions. The concern for environmental safety and the increasing development of resistance to the chemical in main arthropod vectors raises interest in the search for botanicals such as essential oils (EOs) that can be used in vector control.MethodsLarvicidal bioassays were performed according to the WHO standard methods using Ae. aegypti and An. gambiae larvae collected from Bobo-Dioulasso and in the Kou Valley (VK), respectively, two areas located in Houet Province of western Burkina Faso. Kisumu and Bora bora, the susceptible strains of An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti, respectively, were used as controls. OEs extracted from leaves of five aromatic plants, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon nardus, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Lippia multiflora, and Ocimum americanum, naturally growing in Burkina Faso were tested. The pyriproxyfen was used as a positive control.ResultsAs a result, the lethal concentrations (LC50) for Ae. aegypti from Bobo-Dioulasso and An. gambiae from VK ranged from 41.9 to 103.8 ppm and 39.5 to 138.1 ppm, respectively. As for LC90 values, they ranged from 74.6 to 311.3 ppm for Ae. aegypti from Bobo-Dioulasso and from 90.2 to 328.9 ppm for An. gambiae from VK. Among the EOs tested, L. multiflora showed the highest activity against all the strains of An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti larvae. No difference in terms of LC50 values was found between L. multiflora and pyriproxyfen used as a positive control on An. gambiae larvae. It is not the case for Aedes aegypti populations, where pyriproxyfen remains the most toxic. Overall, An. gambiae populations were the most susceptible to EOs tested as compared to Ae. aegypti populations.ConclusionOur study furthers our knowledge of the larvicidal activity of EOs in the western part of Burkina and opens new avenues in their putative use in vector control strategies.
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Bayili K, Ki HD, Bayili B, Sow B, Ouattara A, Small G, Dabire RK, Diabate A. Laboratory and experimental hut trial evaluation of VECTRON™ T500 for indoor residual spraying (IRS) against insecticide resistant malaria vectors in Burkina Faso. Gates Open Res 2022; 6:57. [DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13578.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malaria cases in some areas could be attributed to vector resistant to the insecticide. World Health Organization recommended insecticides for vector control are limited in number. It is essential to find rotational partners for existing Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) products. VECTRON™ T500 is a novel insecticide with broflanilide as active ingredient. It has a mode of action on mosquitoes completely different to usually used. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum effective dose and efficacy of VECTRONTM against susceptible and resistant strains of Anopheles in Burkina Faso. Methods: VECTRON™ was sprayed at 50, 100 and 200 mg/m² doses onto mud and concrete blocks using Potter Spray Tower. The residual activity of broflanilide was assessed through cone bioassays 1 week and then monthly up to 14 months post spraying. Its efficacy was evaluated at 100 and 150 mg/m² against wild free-flying mosquitoes in experimental huts on both substrates. Actellic 300CS was applied at 1000 mg/m² as reference product. Cone assays were conducted monthly, using susceptible and resistant mosquito strains. Results: In the laboratory, VECTRON™ showed residual efficacy (≥80% mortality) on An. gambiae Kisumu up to 12 and 14 months, respectively, on concrete and mud blocks. Similar results were found with 100 and 200 mg/m² using An. coluzzii pyrethroid resistant strain. In experimental huts, a total of 19,552 An. gambiae s.l. were collected. Deterrence, blood-feeding inhibition and exophily with VECTRON™ treated huts were very low. At 100 and 150 mg/m², mortality of wild An. gambiae s.l. ranged between 55% and 73%. Monthly cone bioassay mortality remained >80% up to 9 months. Conclusions: VECTRON™ shows great potential as IRS formulation for malaria vector control. It can be added to the arsenal of IRS products for use in rotations to control malaria and manage mosquito insecticide resistance.
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Omotayo AI, Ande AT, Oduola AO, Adelaja OJ, Adesalu O, Jimoh TR, Ghazali AI, Awolola ST. Multiple insecticide resistance mechanisms in urban population of Anopheles coluzzii (Diptera: culicidae) from Lagos, South-West Nigeria. Acta Trop 2022; 227:106291. [PMID: 34958768 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a major public health challenge in Africa with Nigeria accounting for the highest burden of the disease in the world. Vector control has proved to be a highly effective component of malaria control, however, the development and spread of insecticide resistance in major vectors of malaria have been a major challenge. This study assessed resistance mechanisms in Anopheles coluzzii populations from Kosofe, Lagos mainland and Ojo Local Government Areas in Lagos, Nigeria where An. gambiae s.l is resistant to DDT and Permethrin. WHO susceptibility bioassay test was used in determining resistance status of An. coluzzii to discriminating doses of DDT and Permethrin while synergist assay was used to assess the involvement of monooxygenases in resistance development. Sub-species of An. gambiae s.l (An. gambiae and An. coluzzii) were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) while Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR) assay was used to detect knockdown mutation (kdr-West; L1014F). Biochemical assays were used in determining the activities of metabolic enzymes. High DDT resistance was recorded in An. coluzzii populations from the three sites. Mortality rate of mosquitoes exposed confirmed Permethrin resistance in Kosofe (50%) and Lagos mainland (48%) but resistance was suspected in Ojo (96%). All specimens tested were confirmed as An. coluzzii with low kdr frequency; 11.6%, 16.4% and 6.7% in Kosofe, Lagos mainland and Ojo respectively. Pre-exposure to synergist (PBO) before exposure to Permethrin led to increased mortality in all populations. Esterase activity was insignificantly overexpressed in Kosofe (p = 0.849) and Lagos mainland (p = 0.229) populations. In contrast, GST activity was significantly lower in populations from Lagos mainland (63.650 ± 9.861; p = 0.007) and Ojo (91.765 ± 4.959; p = 0.042) than Kisumu susceptible strains (120.250 ± 13.972). Monooxygenase activity was higher in Lagos mainland (2.371 ± 0.261) and Ojo (1.361 ± 0.067) populations, albeit significantly in Lagos mainland (p = 0.007) only. Presence of target-site mutation in all populations, increased mortality with pre-exposure to PBO and elevated monooxygenase in Lagos mainland population were confirmed. Multiple resistance mechanisms in some urban populations of An. coluzzii from Lagos, Nigeria calls for appropriate resistance management strategies.
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Sympatric Populations of the Anopheles gambiae Complex in Southwest Burkina Faso Evolve Multiple Diverse Resistance Mechanisms in Response to Intense Selection Pressure with Pyrethroids. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13030247. [PMID: 35323544 PMCID: PMC8955173 DOI: 10.3390/insects13030247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Targeting mosquitoes with insecticides is one of the most effective methods to prevent malaria transmission. Although numbers of malaria cases have declined substantially this century, this pattern is not universal and Burkina Faso has one of the highest burdens of malaria; it is also a hotspot for the evolution of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. We have established laboratory colonies from multiple species within the An. gambiae complex, the most efficient group of malaria vectors in the world, from larval collections in southwest Burkina Faso. Using bioassays with different insecticides widely used to control public health pests, we provide a profile of insecticide resistance in each of these colonies and, using molecular tools, reveal the genetic changes underpinning this resistance. We show that, whilst many resistance mechanisms are shared between species, there are some important differences which may affect resistance to current and future insecticide classes. The complexity, and diversity of resistance mechanisms highlights the importance of screening any potential new insecticide intended for use in malaria control against a wide range of populations. These stable laboratory colonies provide a valuable resource for insecticide discovery, and for further studies on the evolution and dispersal of insecticide resistance within and between species. Abstract Pyrethroid resistance in the Anopheles vectors of malaria is driving an urgent search for new insecticides that can be used in proven vector control tools such as insecticide treated nets (ITNs). Screening for potential new insecticides requires access to stable colonies of the predominant vector species that contain the major pyrethroid resistance mechanisms circulating in wild populations. Southwest Burkina Faso is an apparent hotspot for the emergence of pyrethroid resistance in species of the Anopheles gambiae complex. We established stable colonies from larval collections across this region and characterised the resistance phenotype and underpinning genetic mechanisms. Three additional colonies were successfully established (1 An. coluzzii, 1 An. gambiae and 1 An. arabiensis) to add to the 2 An. coluzzii colonies already established from this region; all 5 strains are highly resistant to pyrethroids. Synergism assays found that piperonyl butoxide (PBO) exposure was unable to fully restore susceptibility although exposure to a commercial ITN containing PBO resulted in 100% mortality. All colonies contained resistant alleles of the voltage gated sodium channel but with differing proportions of alternative resistant haplotypes. RNAseq data confirmed the role of P450s, with CYP6P3 and CYP6Z2 elevated in all 5 strains, and identified many other resistance mechanisms, some found across strains, others unique to a particular species. These strains represent an important resource for insecticide discovery and provide further insights into the complex genetic changes driving pyrethroid resistance.
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Medjigbodo AA, Djogbénou LS, Djihinto OY, Akoton RB, Abbey E, Kakossou RM, Sonounameto EG, Salavi EBJ, Djossou L, Badolo A. Putative pleiotropic effects of the knockdown resistance (L1014F) allele on the life-history traits of Anopheles gambiae. Malar J 2021; 20:480. [PMID: 34930272 PMCID: PMC8686585 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-04005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing mechanisms of insecticide resistance are known to help the survival of mosquitoes following contact with chemical compounds, even though they could negatively affect the life-history traits of resistant malaria vectors. In West Africa, the knockdown resistance mechanism kdrR (L1014F) is the most common. However, little knowledge is available on its effects on mosquito life-history traits. The fitness effects associated with this knockdown resistance allele in Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) were investigated in an insecticide-free laboratory environment. Methods The life-history traits of Kisumu (susceptible) and KisKdr (kdr resistant) strains of An. gambiae s.s. were compared. Larval survivorship and pupation rate were assessed as well as fecundity and fertility of adult females. Female mosquitoes of both strains were directly blood fed through artificial membrane assays and then the blood-feeding success, blood volume and adult survivorship post-blood meal were assessed. Results The An. gambiae mosquitoes carrying the kdrR allele (KisKdr) laid a reduced number of eggs. The mean number of larvae in the susceptible strain Kisumu was three-fold overall higher than that seen in the KisKdr strain with a significant difference in hatching rates (81.89% in Kisumu vs 72.89% in KisKdr). The KisKdr larvae had a significant higher survivorship than that of Kisumu. The blood-feeding success was significantly higher in the resistant mosquitoes (84%) compared to the susceptible ones (34.75%). However, the mean blood volume was 1.36 µL/mg, 1.45 µL/mg and 1.68 µL/mg in Kisumu, homozygote and heterozygote KisKdr mosquitoes, respectively. After blood-feeding, the heterozygote KisKdr mosquitoes displayed highest survivorship when compared to that of Kisumu. Conclusions The presence of the knockdown resistance allele appears to impact the life-history traits, such as fecundity, fertility, larval survivorship, and blood-feeding behaviour in An. gambiae. These data could help to guide the implementation of more reliable strategies for the control of malaria vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adandé A Medjigbodo
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Entomology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso.,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Luc S Djogbénou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin. .,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin. .,Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Oswald Y Djihinto
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Romaric B Akoton
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Emmanuella Abbey
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Rosaria M Kakossou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Eric G Sonounameto
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Esther B J Salavi
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.,Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Laurette Djossou
- Regional Institute of Public Health/University of Abomey-Calavi, BP 384, Ouidah, Benin
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Entomology, University Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
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10
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Pare Toe L, Barry N, Ky AD, Kekele S, Meda W, Bayala K, Drabo M, Thizy D, Diabate A. Small-scale release of non-gene drive mosquitoes in Burkina Faso: from engagement implementation to assessment, a learning journey. Malar J 2021; 20:395. [PMID: 34627240 PMCID: PMC8502271 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Innovative tools are needed to complement the existing approach for malaria elimination. Gene drive mosquitoes are one potential new technology in the control of malaria vectors. Target Malaria is one of the research projects developing this technology, and in July 2019, the project proceeded to an important step for this evaluation pathway: the small-scale release of non-gene drive sterile male mosquitoes in a village in Burkina Faso. In addition to the entomological and laboratory work to prepare for this important milestone, significant community and stakeholder engagement work was done. The existing guidelines on gene drive mosquito provide an overall framework for such engagement work. However, they do not provide a road map on how to proceed or what benchmarks should be used to assess this work. Methods This study provides a review of engagement activities relevant to field trials on non-gene drive genetically-modified mosquitoes as well as an assessment framework—using both qualitative and quantitative studies as well as an audit procedure. The latter was implemented to evaluate whether the release activities could proceed with the appropriate level of agreement from the community. Results This paper shows the importance of this first phase of work to innovate and learn about engagement processes for responsible research in the field of genetic approaches for malaria vector control. The function of these assessments is crucial for the learning agenda. The assessments demonstrated ways to increase understanding and ensure effective progress with field studies and, therefore, the pathway for responsible research. Conclusion Gene drive technology is increasingly considered as a promising approach to control vector borne diseases, in particular malaria. Stakeholders’ involvement in this research process is one of the recurring requirements in international guidance documents. With this paper Target Malaria offers an opportunity to explore the practical achievements and challenges of stakeholder engagement during early phases of a technology evaluation, and in particular how it implemented an assessment framework to learn from its experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Pare Toe
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP 545, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Nourou Barry
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP 545, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Anselme D Ky
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP 545, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Souleymane Kekele
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP 545, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Wilfrid Meda
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP 545, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Korotimi Bayala
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP 545, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Mouhamed Drabo
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Delphine Thizy
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Abdoulaye Diabate
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, BP 545, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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11
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Hien DFDS, Paré PSL, Cooper A, Koama BK, Guissou E, Yaméogo KB, Yerbanga RS, Farrell IW, Ouédraogo JB, Gnankiné O, Ignell R, Cohuet A, Dabiré RK, Stevenson PC, Lefèvre T. Contrasting effects of the alkaloid ricinine on the capacity of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii to transmit Plasmodium falciparum. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:479. [PMID: 34526119 PMCID: PMC8444468 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Besides feeding on blood, females of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae sensu lato readily feed on natural sources of plant sugars. The impact of toxic secondary phytochemicals contained in plant-derived sugars on mosquito physiology and the development of Plasmodium parasites remains elusive. The focus of this study was to explore the influence of the alkaloid ricinine, found in the nectar of the castor bean Ricinus communis, on the ability of mosquitoes to transmit Plasmodium falciparum. Methods Females of Anopheles gambiae and its sibling species Anopheles coluzzii were exposed to ricinine through sugar feeding assays to assess the effect of this phytochemical on mosquito survival, level of P. falciparum infection and growth rate of the parasite. Results Ricinine induced a significant reduction in the longevity of both Anopheles species. Ricinine caused acceleration in the parasite growth rate with an earlier invasion of the salivary glands in both species. At a concentration of 0.04 g l−1 in An. coluzzii, ricinine had no effect on mosquito infection, while 0.08 g l−1 ricinine-5% glucose solution induced a 14% increase in An. gambiae infection rate. Conclusions Overall, our findings reveal that consumption of certain nectar phytochemicals can have unexpected and contrasting effects on key phenotypic traits that govern the intensity of malaria transmission. Further studies will be required before concluding on the putative role of ricinine as a novel control agent, including the development of ricinine-based toxic and transmission-blocking sugar baits. Testing other secondary phytochemicals in plant nectar will provide a broader understanding of the impact which plants can have on the transmission of vector-borne diseases. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04992-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domonbabele F D S Hien
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. .,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. .,MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Prisca S L Paré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ougadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Amanda Cooper
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Benjamin K Koama
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Institut Des Sciences Et Techniques, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Edwige Guissou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Koudraogo B Yaméogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Rakiswendé S Yerbanga
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Iain W Farrell
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Jean B Ouédraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Rickard Ignell
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Unit of Chemical Ecology, Disease Vector Group, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Cohuet
- Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Roch K Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de La Santé (IRSS), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Philip C Stevenson
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, Richmond, TW9 3AE, UK.,Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Thierry Lefèvre
- Laboratoire Mixte International Sur Les Vecteurs (LAMIVECT), Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,MIVEGEC, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Centre de Recherche en Écologie Et Évolution de La Santé (CREES), Montpellier, France
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12
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Doumbe-Belisse P, Kopya E, Ngadjeu CS, Sonhafouo-Chiana N, Talipouo A, Djamouko-Djonkam L, Awono-Ambene HP, Wondji CS, Njiokou F, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Urban malaria in sub-Saharan Africa: dynamic of the vectorial system and the entomological inoculation rate. Malar J 2021; 20:364. [PMID: 34493280 PMCID: PMC8424958 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is registering one of the highest urban population growth across the world. It is estimated that over 75% of the population in this region will be living in urban settings by 2050. However, it is not known how this rapid urbanization will affect vector populations and disease transmission. The present study summarizes findings from studies conducted in urban settings between the 1970s and 2020 to assess the effects of urbanization on the entomological inoculation rate pattern and anopheline species distribution. Different online databases such as PubMed, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Google were screened. A total of 90 publications were selected out of 1527. Besides, over 200 additional publications were consulted to collate information on anopheline breeding habitats and species distribution in urban settings. The study confirms high malaria transmission in rural compared to urban settings. The study also suggests that there had been an increase in malaria transmission in most cities after 2003, which could also be associated with an increase in sampling, resources and reporting. Species of the Anopheles gambiae complex were the predominant vectors in most urban settings. Anopheline larvae were reported to have adapted to different aquatic habitats. The study provides updated information on the distribution of the vector population and the dynamic of malaria transmission in urban settings. The study also highlights the need for implementing integrated control strategies in urban settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Doumbe-Belisse
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - E Kopya
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - C S Ngadjeu
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - N Sonhafouo-Chiana
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, Cameroon, P.O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon
| | - A Talipouo
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - L Djamouko-Djonkam
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang Cameroon, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - H P Awono-Ambene
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun
| | - C S Wondji
- Vector Group Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - F Njiokou
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 337, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - C Antonio-Nkondjio
- Institut de Recherche de Yaoundé (IRY), Organisation de Coordination Pour la Lutte Contre les Endémies en Afrique Centrale (OCEAC), P.O. Box 288, Yaoundé, Cameroun. .,Vector Group Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
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13
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Sanou A, Nelli L, Guelbéogo WM, Cissé F, Tapsoba M, Ouédraogo P, Sagnon N, Ranson H, Matthiopoulos J, Ferguson HM. Insecticide resistance and behavioural adaptation as a response to long-lasting insecticidal net deployment in malaria vectors in the Cascades region of Burkina Faso. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17569. [PMID: 34475470 PMCID: PMC8413378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline in malaria across Africa has been largely attributed to vector control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). However, this intervention has prompted widespread insecticide resistance (IR) and been associated with changes in mosquito behaviour that reduce their contact with LLINs. The relative importance and rate at which IR and behavioural adaptations emerge are poorly understood. We conducted surveillance of mosquito behaviour and IR at 12 sites in Burkina Faso to assess the magnitude and temporal dynamics of insecticide, biting and resting behaviours in vectors in the 2-year period following mass LLIN distribution. Insecticide resistance was present in all vector populations and increased rapidly over the study period. In contrast, no longitudinal shifts in LLIN-avoidance behaviours (earlier or outdoor biting and resting) were detected. There was a moderate but statistically significant shift in vector species composition from Anopheles coluzzii to Anopheles gambiae which coincided with a reduction in the proportion of bites preventable by LLINs; possibly driven by between-species variation in behaviour. These findings indicate that adaptations based on insecticide resistance arise and intensify more rapidly than behavioural shifts within mosquito vectors. However, longitudinal shifts in mosquito vector species composition were evident within 2 years following a mass LLIN distribution. This ecological shift was characterized by a significant increase in the exophagic species (An. gambiae) and coincided with a predicted decline in the degree of protection expected from LLINs. Although human exposure fell through the study period due to reducing vector densities and infection rates, such ecological shifts in vector species along with insecticide resistance were likely to have eroded the efficacy of LLINs. While both adaptations impact malaria control, the rapid increase of the former indicates this strategy develops more quickly in response to selection from LLINS. However, interventions targeting both resistance strategies will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Sanou
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Av. Kunda Yonré, PO Box 2208, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
| | - Luca Nelli
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - W Moussa Guelbéogo
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Av. Kunda Yonré, PO Box 2208, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Fatoumata Cissé
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Av. Kunda Yonré, PO Box 2208, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Madou Tapsoba
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Av. Kunda Yonré, PO Box 2208, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Pierre Ouédraogo
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Av. Kunda Yonré, PO Box 2208, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - N'falé Sagnon
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, Av. Kunda Yonré, PO Box 2208, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hilary Ranson
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Jason Matthiopoulos
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Heather M Ferguson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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14
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N'Do S, Bandibabone JB, Soma DD, Musaka BZ, Prudhomme J, Habamungu CC, Namountougou M, Sangaré I, Kientega M, Kaboré DAP, Bayili K, Yerbanga RS, Diabate A, Dabire RK, Ouedraogo JB, Belem AMG, Boëte C, Guardiola-Claramonte M, Chimanuka B. Insecticide resistance profiles in malaria vector populations from Sud-Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:1339-1344. [PMID: 34324683 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance has become a widespread problem causing a decline in the effectiveness of vector control tools in sub-Saharan Africa. In this situation, ongoing monitoring of vector susceptibility to insecticides is encouraged by the WHO to guide national malaria control programmes. Our study was conducted from April to November 2018 in Tchonka (Sud-Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo) and reported primary data on the resistance status of Anopheles funestus and Anopheles gambiae. METHODS Insecticide susceptibility bioassays were performed on wild populations of A. funestus and A. gambiae using WHO insecticide-impregnated papers at discriminating concentration. In addition, PCR was performed to identify mosquito species and to detect kdr and ace-1R mutations involved in insecticide resistance. RESULTS Bioassay results show resistance to all tested insecticides except pirimiphos-methyl, propoxur, fenitrothion and malathion with a mortality rate ranging from 95.48 to 99.86%. The addition of piperonyl butoxide (PBO) increased the susceptibility of vectors to deltamethrin and alpha-cypermethrin by exhibiting a mortality ranging from 91.50 to 95.86%. The kdr mutation was detected at high frequencies (approximately 0.98) within A. gambiae while ace-1R was not detected. CONCLUSIONS This study provides useful data on the insecticide resistance profiles of malaria vector populations to better manage vector control. Our results highlight that, despite the high level of resistance, organophosphorus compounds and pyrethroids + PBO remain effective against the vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sévérin N'Do
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) OCBA, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Janvier B Bandibabone
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles de Lwiro (CRSN/Lwiro), Bukavu, Sud-Kivu, DRC
| | - Dieudonné D Soma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Bertin Z Musaka
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles de Lwiro (CRSN/Lwiro), Bukavu, Sud-Kivu, DRC
| | - Jorian Prudhomme
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) OCBA, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Marseille, France
| | - Claude C Habamungu
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles de Lwiro (CRSN/Lwiro), Bukavu, Sud-Kivu, DRC
| | - Moussa Namountougou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Ibrahim Sangaré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Mahamadi Kientega
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Didier A P Kaboré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Nazi Boni (UNB), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Koama Bayili
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - R Serge Yerbanga
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Diabate
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Roch K Dabire
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean-Bosco Ouedraogo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Christophe Boëte
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) OCBA, Barcelona, Spain.,ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Bantuzeko Chimanuka
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles de Lwiro (CRSN/Lwiro), Bukavu, Sud-Kivu, DRC.,Université Officielle de Bukavu (UOB), Bukavu, Sud-Kivu, DRC
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15
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Traoré A, Niyondiko G, Sanou A, Langevin F, Sagnon N, Gansané A, Guelbeogo MW. Laboratory and field evaluation of MAÏA ®, an ointment containing N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) against mosquitoes in Burkina Faso. Malar J 2021; 20:226. [PMID: 34016099 PMCID: PMC8139107 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria vector control relies upon the use of insecticide-treated nets and indoor residual spraying. However, as the emergency of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors grows, the effectiveness of these measures could be limited. Alternative tools are needed. In this context, repellents can play an important role against exophagic and exophilic mosquitoes. This study evaluated the efficacy of MAÏA®, a novel repellent ointment, in laboratory and field conditions in Burkina Faso. METHODS For laboratory and field assessment, 20 volunteers were enrolled and trained for nocturnal collection of mosquitoes using human landing catches (HLC). In the laboratory tests, 2 mg/sq cm of treatment (either MAIA® or 20 % DEET) were used to assess median complete protection time (CPT) against two species: Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti, following WHO guidelines. For both species, two strains consisting of susceptible and local strains were used. The susceptible strains were Kisumu and Bora Bora for An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti, respectively. For the field test, the median CPT of MAÏA® was compared to that of a negative (70 % ethanol) and positive (20 % DEET) after carrying out HLCs in rural Burkina Faso in both indoor and outdoor settings. RESULTS Laboratory tests showed median Kaplan-Meier CPT of 6 h 30 min for An. gambiae (Kisumu), 5 h 30 min for An. gambiae (Goden, local strain), and 4 h for Ae. aegypti for both the local and sensitive strain. These laboratory results suggest that MAÏA® is a good repellent against the three mosquito species. During these field tests, a total of 3979 mosquitoes were caught. In this population, anophelines represented 98.5 %, with culicines (Aedes) making up the remaining 1.5 %. Among anopheline mosquitoes, 95 % belonged to the An. gambiae complex, followed by Anopheles funestus and Anopheles pharoensis. The median CPT of 20 % DEET and MAÏA® were similar (8 h) and much longer than that of the negative control (2 h). CONCLUSIONS Results from the present studies showed that MAÏA® offers high protection against anophelines biting indoors and outdoors and could play an important role in malaria prevention in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphonse Traoré
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, 01 BP 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Antoine Sanou
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, 01 BP 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | | | - N'Falé Sagnon
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, 01 BP 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Adama Gansané
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, 01 BP 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Moussa Wamdaogo Guelbeogo
- Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme, 01 BP 2208, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso.
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16
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Keïta M, Sogoba N, Kané F, Traoré B, Zeukeng F, Coulibaly B, Sodio AB, Traoré SF, Djouaka R, Doumbia S. Multiple Resistance Mechanisms to Pyrethroids Insecticides in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato Population From Mali, West Africa. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:S81-S90. [PMID: 33906223 PMCID: PMC8079131 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticide-based vector control is responsible for reducing malaria mortality and morbidity. Its success depends on a better knowledge of the vector, its distribution, and resistance status to the insecticides used. In this paper, we assessed Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (A gambiae s.l.) population resistance to pyrethroids in different ecological settings. Methods The World Health Organization standard bioassay test was used to assess F0A gambiae s.l. susceptibility to pyrethroids. Biochemical Synergist assays were conducted with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl phosphotritioate, and diethyl maleate. L1014F, L1014S, and N1575Y knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations were investigated using TaqMan genotyping. Results Anopheles gambiae sensu lato was composed of Anopheles arabienisis, Anopheles coluzzii, and A gambiae in all study sites. Anopheles gambiae sensu lato showed a strong phenotypic resistance to deltamethrin and permethrin in all sites (13% to 41% mortality). In many sites, pre-exposure to synergists partially improved the mortality rate suggesting the presence of detoxifying enzymes. The 3 kdr (L1014F, L1014S, and N1575Y) mutations were found, with a predominance of L1014F, in all species. Conclusions Multiple resistance mechanisms to pyrethroids were observed in A gambiae s.l. in Mali. The PBO provided a better partial restoration of susceptibility to pyrethroids, suggesting that the efficacy of long-lasting insecticidal nets may be improved with PBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Keïta
- Malaria Research and Training Center, International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Nafomon Sogoba
- Malaria Research and Training Center, International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Fousseyni Kané
- Malaria Research and Training Center, International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Boissé Traoré
- Malaria Research and Training Center, International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Francis Zeukeng
- The AgroEcohealth Platform, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Boubacar Coulibaly
- Malaria Research and Training Center, International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ambiélè Bernard Sodio
- Faculty of Science and Technique, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Sekou Fantamady Traoré
- Malaria Research and Training Center, International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Rousseau Djouaka
- The AgroEcohealth Platform, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Benin), Cotonou, Benin
| | - Seydou Doumbia
- Malaria Research and Training Center, International Center for Excellence in Research, Faculty of Medicine and Odonto Stomatology, University of Sciences, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
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17
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Soma DD, Poda SB, Hien AS, Namountougou M, Sangaré I, Sawadogo JME, Fournet F, Ouédraogo GA, Diabaté A, Moiroux N, Dabiré RK. Malaria vectors diversity, insecticide resistance and transmission during the rainy season in peri-urban villages of south-western Burkina Faso. Malar J 2021; 20:63. [PMID: 33494779 PMCID: PMC7831184 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study reports an updated description on malaria vector diversity, behaviour, insecticide resistance and malaria transmission in the Diébougou and Dano peri-urban areas, Burkina Faso. Methods Mosquitoes were caught monthly using CDC light traps and pyrethrum spray catches. Mosquitoes were identified using morphological taxonomic keys. PCR techniques were used to identify the species of the Anopheles gambiae complex and insecticide resistance mechanisms in a subset of Anopheles vectors. The Plasmodium sporozoite infection status and origins of blood meals of female mosquitoes were determined by ELISA methods. Larvae were collected, breed in the insectary and tested for phenotypic resistance against four insecticides using WHO bioassays. Results This study contributed to update the entomological data in two peri-urban areas of Southwest Burkina Faso. Anopheles populations were mostly anthropophilic and endophilic in both areas and exhibit high susceptibility to an organophosphate insecticide. This offers an alternative for the control of these pyrethroid-resistant populations. These data might help the National Malaria Control Programme for decision-making about vector control planning and resistance management. Conclusions This study contributed to update the entomological data in two peri-urban areas of Southwest Burkina Faso. Anopheles populations were mostly anthropophilic and endophilic in both areas and exhibit high susceptibility to an organophosphate insecticide. This offers an alternative for the control of these pyrethroid-resistant populations. These data might help the National Malaria Control Programme for decision-making about vector control planning and resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné Diloma Soma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. .,Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Serge Bèwadéyir Poda
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Aristide Sawdetuo Hien
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Moussa Namountougou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Ibrahim Sangaré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicolas Moiroux
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,MIVEGEC, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Roch Kounbobr Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
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18
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Soma DD, Zogo B, Hien DFDS, Hien AS, Kaboré DA, Kientega M, Ouédraogo AG, Pennetier C, Koffi AA, Moiroux N, Dabiré RK. Insecticide resistance status of malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) of southwest Burkina Faso and residual efficacy of indoor residual spraying with microencapsulated pirimiphos-methyl insecticide. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:58. [PMID: 33461621 PMCID: PMC7814427 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04563-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid spread of insecticide resistance in malaria vectors and the rebound in malaria cases observed recently in some endemic areas underscore the urgent need to evaluate and deploy new effective control interventions. A randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted with the aim to investigate the benefit of deploying complementary strategies, including indoor residual spraying (IRS) with pirimiphos-methyl in addition to long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Diébougou, southwest Burkina Faso. Methods We measured the susceptibility of the Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) population from Diébougou to conventional insecticides. We further monitored the efficacy and residual activity of pirimiphos-methyl on both cement and mud walls using a laboratory susceptible strain (Kisumu) and the local An. gambiae (s.l.) population. Results An. gambiae (s.l.) from Diébougou was resistant to DDT, pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin and alphacypermethrin) and bendiocarb but showed susceptibility to organophosphates (pirimiphos-methyl and chlorpyrimiphos-methyl). A mixed-effect generalized linear model predicted that pirimiphos-methyl applied on cement or mud walls was effective for 210 days against the laboratory susceptible strain and 247 days against the local population. The residual efficacy of pirimiphos-methyl against the local population on walls made of mud was similar to that of cement (OR = 0.792, [0.55–1.12], Tukey’s test p-value = 0.19). Conclusions If data on malaria transmission and malaria cases (as measured trough the RCT) are consistent with data on residual activity of pirimiphos-methyl regardless of the type of wall, one round of IRS with pirimiphos-methyl would have the potential to control malaria in a context of multi-resistant An. gambiae (s.l.) for at least 7 months.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieudonné Diloma Soma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. .,Université Nazi Boni, BP 109, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. .,MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Barnabas Zogo
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Aristide Sawdetuo Hien
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Nazi Boni, BP 109, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Didier Alexandre Kaboré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Nazi Boni, BP 109, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Mahamadi Kientega
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,Université Nazi Boni, BP 109, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Cédric Pennetier
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Pierre Richet, Institut National de Santé Publique, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Nicolas Moiroux
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.,MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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19
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Adedeji EO, Ogunlana OO, Fatumo S, Beder T, Ajamma Y, Koenig R, Adebiyi E. Anopheles metabolic proteins in malaria transmission, prevention and control: a review. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:465. [PMID: 32912275 PMCID: PMC7488410 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04342-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing resistance to currently available insecticides in the malaria vector, Anopheles mosquitoes, hampers their use as an effective vector control strategy for the prevention of malaria transmission. Therefore, there is need for new insecticides and/or alternative vector control strategies, the development of which relies on the identification of possible targets in Anopheles. Some known and promising targets for the prevention or control of malaria transmission exist among Anopheles metabolic proteins. This review aims to elucidate the current and potential contribution of Anopheles metabolic proteins to malaria transmission and control. Highlighted are the roles of metabolic proteins as insecticide targets, in blood digestion and immune response as well as their contribution to insecticide resistance and Plasmodium parasite development. Furthermore, strategies by which these metabolic proteins can be utilized for vector control are described. Inhibitors of Anopheles metabolic proteins that are designed based on target specificity can yield insecticides with no significant toxicity to non-target species. These metabolic modulators combined with each other or with synergists, sterilants, and transmission-blocking agents in a single product, can yield potent malaria intervention strategies. These combinations can provide multiple means of controlling the vector. Also, they can help to slow down the development of insecticide resistance. Moreover, some metabolic proteins can be modulated for mosquito population replacement or suppression strategies, which will significantly help to curb malaria transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Oluwatobiloba Adedeji
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Olubanke Olujoke Ogunlana
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Segun Fatumo
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, Bloomsbury, London, UK
| | - Thomas Beder
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Yvonne Ajamma
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
| | - Rainer Koenig
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ezekiel Adebiyi
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research (CUBRe), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
- Computer and Information Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State Nigeria
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), G200, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Namountougou M, Soma DD, Balboné M, Kaboré DA, Kientega M, Hien A, Coulibaly A, Ouattara PE, Meda BG, Drabo S, Koala L, Nignan C, Kagoné T, Diabaté A, Fournet F, Gnankiné O, Dabiré RK. Monitoring Insecticide Susceptibility in Aedes Aegypti Populations from the Two Biggest Cities, Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, in Burkina Faso: Implication of Metabolic Resistance. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:E84. [PMID: 32471266 PMCID: PMC7345320 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In West Africa, Aedes aegypti remains the major vector of dengue virus. Since 2013, dengue fever has been reemerging in Burkina Faso with annual outbreaks, thus becoming a major public health problem. Its control relies on vector control, which is unfortunately facing the problem of insecticide resistance. At the time of this study, although data on phenotypic resistance were available, information related to the metabolic resistance in Aedes populations from Burkina Faso remained very scarce. Here, we assessed the phenotypic and the metabolic resistance of Ae. aegypti populations sampled from the two main urban areas (Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso) of Burkina Faso. Insecticide susceptibility bioassays to chlorpyriphos-methyl 0.4%, bendiocarb 0.1% and deltamethrin 0.05% were performed on natural populations of Ae. aegypti using the WHO protocol. The activity of enzymes involved in the rapid detoxification of insecticides, especially non-specific esterases, oxidases (cytochrome P450) and glutathione-S-transferases, was measured on individual mosquitos. The mortality rates for deltamethrin 0.05% were low and ranged from 20.72% to 89.62% in the Bobo-Dioulasso and Ouagadougou sites, respectively. When bendiocarb 0.1% was tested, the mortality rates ranged from 7.73% to 71.23%. Interestingly, in the two urban areas, mosquitoes were found to be fully susceptible to chlorpyriphos-methyl 0.4%. Elevated activity of non-specific esterases and glutathione-S-transferases was reported, suggesting multiple resistance mechanisms involved in Ae. aegypti populations from Bobo-Dioulasso and Ouagadougou (including cytochrome P450). This update to the insecticide resistance status within Ae. aegypti populations in the two biggest cities is important to better plan dengue vectors control in the country and provides valuable information for improving vector control strategies in Burkina Faso, West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moussa Namountougou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso; (D.D.S.); (D.A.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.); (P.E.O.); (B.G.M.); (L.K.); (C.N.); (A.D.)
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Dieudonné Diloma Soma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso; (D.D.S.); (D.A.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.); (P.E.O.); (B.G.M.); (L.K.); (C.N.); (A.D.)
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Mahamoudou Balboné
- Département de Biologie et de Physiologie Animales, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (M.B.); (S.D.); (O.G.)
| | - Didier Alexandre Kaboré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso; (D.D.S.); (D.A.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.); (P.E.O.); (B.G.M.); (L.K.); (C.N.); (A.D.)
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
| | - Mahamadi Kientega
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso; (D.D.S.); (D.A.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.); (P.E.O.); (B.G.M.); (L.K.); (C.N.); (A.D.)
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
| | - Aristide Hien
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso; (D.D.S.); (D.A.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.); (P.E.O.); (B.G.M.); (L.K.); (C.N.); (A.D.)
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
| | - Ahmed Coulibaly
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques, Université Norbert Zongo, Koudougou BP 376, Burkina Faso;
| | - Parfait Eric Ouattara
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso; (D.D.S.); (D.A.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.); (P.E.O.); (B.G.M.); (L.K.); (C.N.); (A.D.)
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
| | - Benson Georges Meda
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso; (D.D.S.); (D.A.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.); (P.E.O.); (B.G.M.); (L.K.); (C.N.); (A.D.)
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
| | - Samuel Drabo
- Département de Biologie et de Physiologie Animales, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (M.B.); (S.D.); (O.G.)
| | - Lassane Koala
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso; (D.D.S.); (D.A.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.); (P.E.O.); (B.G.M.); (L.K.); (C.N.); (A.D.)
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
| | - Charles Nignan
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso; (D.D.S.); (D.A.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.); (P.E.O.); (B.G.M.); (L.K.); (C.N.); (A.D.)
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
| | - Thérèse Kagoné
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
| | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso; (D.D.S.); (D.A.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.); (P.E.O.); (B.G.M.); (L.K.); (C.N.); (A.D.)
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
| | - Florence Fournet
- Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Écologie et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 34394 Montpellier, France;
| | - Olivier Gnankiné
- Département de Biologie et de Physiologie Animales, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou BP 7021, Burkina Faso; (M.B.); (S.D.); (O.G.)
| | - Roch Kounbobr Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso BP 545, Burkina Faso; (D.D.S.); (D.A.K.); (M.K.); (A.H.); (P.E.O.); (B.G.M.); (L.K.); (C.N.); (A.D.)
- Département des Sciences Biomédicales, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso BP 390, Burkina Faso;
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