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Romero-Neto I, de Almeida TM, Zugman T, Piovan L, Molento MB. Ovicidal activity of diaryl dichalcogenides and ivermectin on Fasciola hepatica: A novel candidate for a blending-based therapeutic strategy. Acta Trop 2024; 258:107363. [PMID: 39153647 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Fasciolosis is a food and waterborne disease caused by Fasciola spp., representing a global health burden to various hosts, including humans and other animals. This study investigates the in vitro activity of tellurium- and selenium-containing diaryl dichalcogenides: diacetal ditelluride (LQ07), diacetal diselenide (LQ62), and diacetyl diselenide (LQ68) alone and in combination with ivermectin (IVM) against eggs of Fasciola hepatica. The eggs were exposed for 12 h with each organochalcogen (OC) (0.1 - 2 mmol l-1) and IVM (0.01 - 2 mmol l-1) following an incubation of 15 days, allowing embryonation. The inhibitory concentration of 50 % (IC50) of each OC or IVM was tested with the IC10, IC30, and IC50 of IVM or each OC, respectively. LQ07, LQ62, and LQ68, as well as IVM, demonstrated a concentration-dependent ovicidal activity. The peak ovicidal activity of 99.74 % was achieved when IVM was tested at 2.0 mmol l-1. LQ62 and LQ68 demonstrated greater ovicidal activity, having an IC50 < 0.32 mmol l-1 being 6.25-fold more toxic than IVM alone. The percentage of dead eggs was significantly higher in the IVM group (early mortality), as Se-containing OCs led to the (miracidia) embryonation of the eggs with no hatching (late mortality). Blending Se-containing OCs and IVM showed an additive effect of up to 27 % against F. hepatica eggs. The present data contribute to the potential use of blending-based therapeutic strategies to combat F. hepatica infections in eradication programs worldwide. The combinations may also act against multidrug-resistant strains, reinstating drug-based parasite control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irineu Romero-Neto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Thayany Magalhães de Almeida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Tay Zugman
- Laboratory of Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Leandro Piovan
- Laboratory of Chemical and Enzymatic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Beltrão Molento
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 80035-050, Brazil.
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Hudu SA, Jimoh AO, Adeshina KA, Otalike EG, Tahir A, Hegazy AA. An insight into the Success, Challenges, and Future perspectives of eliminating Neglected tropical disease. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2024; 24:e02165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2024.e02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2024] Open
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Present C, Girão RD, Lin C, Caljon G, Van Calenbergh S, Moreira O, Ruivo LADS, Batista MM, Azevedo R, Batista DDGJ, Soeiro MDNC. N 6-methyltubercidin gives sterile cure in a cutaneous Leishmania amazonensis mouse model. Parasitology 2024; 151:506-513. [PMID: 38533610 PMCID: PMC11106500 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Leishmania is a trypanosomatid parasite that causes skin lesions in its cutaneous form. Current therapies rely on old and expensive drugs, against which the parasites have acquired considerable resistance. Trypanosomatids are unable to synthesize purines relying on salvaging from the host, and nucleoside analogues have emerged as attractive antiparasitic drug candidates. 4-Methyl-7-β-D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (CL5564), an analogue of tubercidin in which the amine has been replaced by a methyl group, demonstrates activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum. Herein, we investigated its in vitro and in vivo activity against L. amazonensis. CL5564 was 6.5-fold (P = 0.0002) more potent than milteforan™ (ML) against intracellular forms in peritoneal mouse macrophages, and highly selective, while combination with ML gave an additive effect. These results stimulated us to study the activity of CL5564 in mouse model of cutaneous Leishmania infection. BALB/c female and male mice infected by L. amazonensis treated with CL5564 (10 mg kg−1, intralesional route for five days) presented a >93% reduction of paw lesion size likely ML given orally at 40 mg kg−1, while the combination (10 + 40 mg kg−1 of CL5564 and ML, respectively) caused >96% reduction. The qPCR confirmed the suppression of parasite load, but only the combination approach reached 66% of parasitological cure. These results support additional studies with nucleoside derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Present
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Roberson Donola Girão
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cai Lin
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Otacilio Moreira
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Alexandre de Souza Ruivo
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Meuser Batista
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Azevedo
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise da Gama Jaen Batista
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria de Nazaré Correia Soeiro
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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de Souza Silva MS, Dos Santos MLMF, da Silva AM, França WWM, Araújo SB, da Silva RL, do Nascimento WRC, da Silva Santos NP, da Cruz Filho IJ, de Azevedo Albuquerque MCP, de Araújo HDA, de Lima Aires A. Sanguinarine: an alkaloid with promising in vitro and in vivo antiparasitic activity against different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni and in silico pharmacokinetic properties (ADMET). Parasitol Res 2024; 123:143. [PMID: 38407619 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo schistosomicidal activity of sanguinarine (SA) on Schistosoma mansoni and its in silico pharmacokinetic parameters. ADMET parameters and oral bioavailability were evaluated using the PkCSM and SwissADME platforms, respectively. The activity of SA in vitro, at the concentrations of 1.0-25 µM, was analyzed through the parameters of motility, mortality, and cell viability of the worms at intervals of 3-24 h. Mice were infected with cercariae and treated by gavage with SA (5 mg/kg/day, in a single dose or two doses of 2.5 mg/kg every 12 h for 5 consecutive days) on the 1st (skin schistosomula), 14th (pulmonary schistosomula), 28th (young worms), and 45th (adult worms) days after infection. In vitro and in vivo praziquantel was the control. In vitro, SA showed schistosomicidal activity against schistosomula, young worms, and couples; with total mortality and reduced cell viability at low concentrations and incubation time. In a single dose of 5 mg/kg/day, SA reduces the total worm load by 47.6%, 54%, 55.2%, and 27.1%, and female worms at 52.0%, 39.1%, 52.7%, and 20.2%, respectively, results which are similar to the 2.5 mg/kg/day dose. SA reduced the load of eggs in the liver, and in histopathological and histomorphometric analyses, there was a reduction in the number and volume of hepatic granulomas, which exhibited less inflammatory infiltrate. SA has promising in vitro and in vivo schistosomicidal activity against different developmental stages of S. mansoni, in addition to reducing granulomatous liver lesions. Furthermore, in silico, SA showed good predictive pharmacokinetic ADMET profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stéphanny de Souza Silva
- Centro de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Morfotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wilza Wanessa Melo França
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wheverton Ricardo Correia do Nascimento
- Centro de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Morfotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Médicas, Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Noemia Pereira da Silva Santos
- Centro de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Morfotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia E Fármacos e Laboratório de Tecnologia de Biomateriais, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória de Santo Antão, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Iranildo José da Cruz Filho
- Centro de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Morfotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Mônica Camelo Pessoa de Azevedo Albuquerque
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Médicas, Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Hallysson Douglas Andrade de Araújo
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia E Fármacos e Laboratório de Tecnologia de Biomateriais, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória de Santo Antão, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - André de Lima Aires
- Centro de Biociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Morfotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
- Instituto Keizo Asami (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
- Centro de Ciências Médicas, Área Acadêmica de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Burgess V, Maya JD. Statin and aspirin use in parasitic infections as a potential therapeutic strategy: A narrative review. Rev Argent Microbiol 2023; 55:278-288. [PMID: 37019801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections, including zoonoses, constitute a threat to human health due to the spread of resistant pathogens. These diseases generate an inflammatory response controlled by a resolving mechanism involving specialized membrane lipid-derived molecules called lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins. The production of some of these molecules can be triggered by aspirin or statins. Thus, it is proposed that modulation of the host response could be a useful therapeutic strategy, contributing to the management of resistance to antiparasitic agents or preventing drift to chronic, host-damaging courses. Therefore, the present work presents the state of the art on the use of statins or aspirin for the experimental management of parasitic infections such as Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis or malaria. The methodology used was a narrative review covering original articles from the last seven years, 38 of which met the inclusion criteria. Based on the publications consulted, modulation of the resolution of inflammation using statins may be feasible as an adjuvant in the therapy of parasitic diseases. However, there was no strong experimental evidence on the use of aspirin; therefore, further studies are needed to evaluate its role inflammation resolution process in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Burgess
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan D Maya
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia, Santiago, Chile.
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Soares RN, Ximenes ECPDA, Araújo SB, Silva RLD, Souza VMOD, Coelho LCBB, Neto JLDF, Neto PJR, Araújo HDAD, Aires ADL, Albuquerque MCPDA. Evaluation of β-lapachone-methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex prepared by spray drying and its application against different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni in murine model. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 373:110374. [PMID: 36736872 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-lapachone (β-lap) is a naphthoquinone widely found in species of vegetables. However, its poor aqueous solubility limits its systemic administration and clinical applications in vivo. To overcome this limitation, several studies have been carried out in order to investigate techniques that can enhance the solubility and dissolution rate of β-lap, such as the use of inclusion complexes with cyclodextrin. PURPOSE To evaluate the in vivo effect of β-lap complexed in methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) on the evolutionary stages of Schistosoma mansoni in a murine model. METHODS The development and characterization of the physicochemical properties of the inclusion complex of β-lap in β-lap:MβCD was prepared by solubility and dissolution tests, FTIR, DSC, X-RD and SEM. The mice were infected and subsequently treated with β-lap:MβCD orally with 50 mg/kg/day and 100 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days, starting therapy on the 1st (skin schistosomula), 14th (pulmonary schistosomula), 28th (young worms) and 45th (adult worms) days after infection. Control groups were also formed; one infected untreated, treated with MβCD, and the other treated with PZQ. RESULTS The loss of the crystalline form of β-lap in the β-lap:MβCD complex obtained by spray drying was proven through physical-chemical characterization analyses. β-lap:MβCD caused reduction in the number of worms of the 33.56%, 35.7%, 35.45% and 36.45%, when the dose was at 50 mg/kg, and 65.00%, 60.34%, 52.72% and 65.01%, in the dose 100 mg/kg; when treatment was started in the 1st, 14th, 28th and 45th days after infection, respectively. It was also possible to observe a significant reduction in the number of immature eggs and an increase in the number of ripe and dead eggs and, consequently, a reduction in the damage caused by the egg antigens to the host tissue, where we attributed the reduction in the average diameter of the granulomas to the β-lap. CONCLUSION The dissolved content of β-lap:MβCD by spray drying reached almost 100%, serving for future formulations and delineation of the mechanisms of action of β-lap against S. mansoni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risoleta Nogueira Soares
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Valdênia Maria Oliveira de Souza
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - José Lourenço de Freitas Neto
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Pedro José Rolim Neto
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Hallysson Douglas Andrade de Araújo
- Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Biosciences Center, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - André de Lima Aires
- Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Center for Medical Sciences, Academic Area of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mônica Camelo Pessoa de Azevedo Albuquerque
- Health Sciences Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Keizo Asami Institute (iLIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Center for Medical Sciences, Academic Area of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Algorta J, Krolewiecki A, Pinto F, Gold S, Muñoz J. Pharmacokinetic Characterization and Comparative Bioavailability of an Innovative Orodispersible Fixed-Dose Combination of Ivermectin and Albendazole: A Single Dose, Open Label, Sequence Randomized, Crossover Clinical Trial in Healthy Volunteers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:914886. [PMID: 35910353 PMCID: PMC9329971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.914886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths are intestinal worm diseases transmitted through the soil. Available treatments are albendazole and/or ivermectin. The co-administration of existing drugs is an appropriate strategy. A fixed-dose combination adds practical advantages mainly considering mass drug administration. The aim is to characterize pharmacokinetics and to evaluate the comparative bioavailability of an innovative fixed-dose combination of ivermectin/albendazole 18/400 mg compared with the marketed references. Seventy-eight healthy volunteers were included in this laboratory-blinded, randomized, three-treatment, three-period crossover study. Each subject received a single dose of ivermectin/albendazole 18/400 mg (1 tablet); ivermectin 3 mg (6 tablets); and albendazole 400 mg (1 tablet). Serial blood samples for the pharmacokinetic analysis were obtained pre-dose and up to 72 h post-dose. Plasma concentrations of ivermectin H2B1a, ivermectin H2B1b, albendazole, and albendazole sulfoxide were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by a non-compartmental analysis and bioavailability compared through a bioequivalence analysis. Safety and tolerability were assessed throughout the study. Main pharmacokinetic parameters of the fixed combination were estimated for both, ivermectin [Cmax (mean, confidence interval): 86.40 (30.42-39.23) ng/ml; AUC0-72 (mean, CI): 1,040 (530-1,678) ng·h/mL; tmax (median, min., and max.); 4.50 (2.50-5.50)] and albendazole [Cmax (mean, CI): 22.27 (1.89-111.78) ng/ml; AUC0-72 (mean, CI): 94.65 (11.65-507.78) ng·h/mL; tmax (median, min., and max.): 2.50 (1.00-12.00) h]. The 90% confidence interval of the geometric mean ratios demonstrated the bioequivalence in the case of ivermectin (Cmax: 110.68%-120.49%; AUC0-72: 110.46%-119.60%) but not in the case of albendazole (Cmax: 53.10%-70.34%; AUC0-72: 61.13%-76.54%). The pharmacokinetic profile of a new fixed-dose combination of ivermectin and albendazole was characterized. The bioequivalence versus the reference ivermectin was demonstrated, though bioequivalence versus albendazole was not shown. The three medications analyzed were well tolerated. The results allow the advancement to the next phase of the clinical program to demonstrate efficacy and safety in patients affected by soil-transmitted helminths. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/search/, identifier Nr. 2020-003438-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Algorta
- Laboratorios Liconsa, Departamento Médico, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Krolewiecki
- Instituto de Investigaciones de Enfermedades Tropicales (IIET-CONICET), Sede Regional Orán, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Orán, Argentina
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filipe Pinto
- BlueClinical Phase 1, Hospital de Prelada, Porto, Portugal
| | - Silvia Gold
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose Muñoz
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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In Vitro Validation of Antiparasitic Activity of PLA-Nanoparticles of Sodium Diethyldithiocarbamate against Trypanosoma cruzi. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030497. [PMID: 35335875 PMCID: PMC8954078 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite responsible for Chagas disease, which affects millions around the world and is not treatable in its chronic stage. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate is a compound belonging to the carbamate class and, in a previous study, demonstrated high efficacy against T. cruzi, showing itself to be a promising compound for the treatment of Chagas disease. This study investigates the encapsulation of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate by poly-lactic acid in nanoparticles, a system of biodegradable nanoparticles that is capable of reducing the toxicity caused by free DETC against cells and maintaining the antiparasitic activity. The nanosystem PLA-DETC was fabricated using nanoprecipitation, and its physical characterization was measured via DLS, SEM, and AFM, demonstrating a small size around 168 nm and a zeta potential of around −19 mv. Furthermore, the toxicity was determined by MTT reduction against three cell lines (VERO, 3T3, and RAW), and when compared to free DETC, we observed a reduction in cell mortality, demonstrating the importance of DETC nanoencapsulation. In addition, the nanoparticles were stained with FITC and put in contact with cells for 24 h, followed by confirmation of whether the nanosystem was inside the cells. Lastly, the antiparasitic activity against different strains of T. cruzi in trypomastigote forms was determined by resazurin reduction and ROS production, which demonstrated high efficacy towards T. cruzi equal to that of free DETC.
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