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Hayakawa N, Nishiura M, Anada T, Kobayashi S, Sawada T, Serizawa T, Tanaka M. Suspension Culture System for Isolating Cancer Spheroids using Enzymatically Synthesized Cellulose Oligomers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:306-314. [PMID: 38091496 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Isolating cancer cells from tissues and providing an appropriate culture environment are important for a better understanding of cancer behavior. Although various three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems have been developed, techniques for collecting high-purity spheroids without strong stimulation are required. Herein, we report a 3D cell culture system for the isolation of cancer spheroids using enzymatically synthesized cellulose oligomers (COs) and demonstrate that this system isolates only cancer spheroids under coculture conditions with normal cells. CO suspensions in a serum-containing cell culture medium were prepared to suspend cells without settling. High-purity cancer spheroids could be separated by filtration without strong stimulation because the COs exhibited antibiofouling properties and a viscosity comparable to that of the culture medium. When human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, a model for cancer cells, were cultured in the CO suspensions, they proliferated clonally and efficiently with time. In addition, only developed cancer spheroids from HepG2 cells were collected in the presence of normal cells by using a mesh filter with an appropriate pore size. These results indicate that this approach has potential applications in basic cancer research and cancer drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Hayakawa
- DKS Co. Ltd., 55 Nishishichijo Higashikubocho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8873, Japan
| | - Masahito Nishiura
- DKS Co. Ltd., 55 Nishishichijo Higashikubocho, Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto 600-8873, Japan
| | - Takahisa Anada
- Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Build. CE41, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shingo Kobayashi
- Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Build. CE41, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sawada
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Takeshi Serizawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Soft Materials Chemistry, Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Build. CE41, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Karimi H, Moskal P, Żak A, Stępień EŁ. 3D melanoma spheroid model for the development of positronium biomarkers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7648. [PMID: 37169794 PMCID: PMC10175546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that newly invented positronium imaging may be used for improving cancer diagnostics by providing additional information about tissue pathology with respect to the standardized uptake value currently available in positron emission tomography (PET). Positronium imaging utilizes the properties of positronium atoms, which are built from the electrons and positrons produced in the body during PET examinations. We hypothesized that positronium imaging would be sensitive to the in vitro discrimination of tumor-like three-dimensional structures (spheroids) built of melanoma cell lines with different cancer activities and biological properties. The lifetime of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) was evaluated in melanoma spheroids from two cell lines (WM266-4 and WM115) differing in the stage of malignancy. Additionally, we considered parameters such as the cell number, spheroid size and melanoma malignancy to evaluate their relationship with the o-Ps lifetime. We demonstrate pilot results for o-Ps lifetime measurement in extracellular matrix-free spheroids. With the statistical significance of two standard deviations, we demonstrated that the higher the degree of malignancy and the rate of proliferation of neoplastic cells, the shorter the lifetime of ortho-positronium. In particular, we observed the following indications encouraging further research: (i) WM266-4 spheroids characterized by a higher proliferation rate and malignancy showed a shorter o-Ps lifetime than WM115 spheroids characterized by a lower growth rate. (ii) Both cell lines showed a decrease in the lifetime of o-Ps after spheroid generation on day 8 compared to day 4 in culture, and the mean o-Ps lifetime was longer for spheroids formed from WM115 cells than for those formed from WM266-4 cells, regardless of spheroid age. The results of this study revealed that positronium is a promising biomarker that may be applied in PET diagnostics for the assessment of the degree of cancer malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Karimi
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, USA
| | - Paweł Moskal
- Department of Experimental Particle Physics and Applications, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Żak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Ł Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11 Street, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
- Center for Theranostics, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Pixelated Microfluidics for Drug Screening on Tumour Spheroids and Ex Vivo Microdissected Tumour Explants. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041060. [PMID: 36831403 PMCID: PMC9954565 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer drugs have the lowest success rate of approval in drug development programs. Thus, preclinical assays that closely predict the clinical responses to drugs are of utmost importance in both clinical oncology and pharmaceutical research. 3D tumour models preserve the tumoral architecture and are cost- and time-efficient. However, the short-term longevity, limited throughput, and limitations of live imaging of these models have so far driven researchers towards less realistic tumour models such as monolayer cell cultures. Here, we present an open-space microfluidic drug screening platform that enables the formation, culture, and multiplexed delivery of several reagents to various 3D tumour models, namely cancer cell line spheroids and ex vivo primary tumour fragments. Our platform utilizes a microfluidic pixelated chemical display that creates isolated adjacent flow sub-units of reagents, which we refer to as fluidic 'pixels', over tumour models in a contact-free fashion. Up to nine different treatment conditions can be tested over 144 samples in a single experiment. We provide a proof-of-concept application by staining fixed and live tumour models with multiple cellular dyes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the response of the tumour models to biological stimuli can be assessed using the platform. Upscaling the microfluidic platform to larger areas can lead to higher throughputs, and thus will have a significant impact on developing treatments for cancer.
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Kang SG, Choi YY, Mo SJ, Kim TH, Ha JH, Hong DK, Lee H, Park SD, Shim JJ, Lee JL, Chung BG. Effect of gut microbiome-derived metabolites and extracellular vesicles on hepatocyte functions in a gut-liver axis chip. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:5. [PMID: 36645561 PMCID: PMC9842828 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-022-00350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism, is a complex process involving the gut and the liver tissue, is difficult to be reproduced in vitro with conventional single cell culture systems. To tackle this challenge, we developed a gut-liver-axis chip consisting of the gut epithelial cell chamber and three-dimensional (3D) uniform-sized liver spheroid chamber. Two cell culture chamber compartments were separated with a porous membrane to prevent microorganisms from passing through the chamber. When the hepG2 spheroids cultured with microbiota-derived metabolites, we observed the changes in the physiological function of hepG2 spheroids, showing that the albumin and urea secretion activity of liver spheroids was significantly enhanced. Additionally, the functional validation of hepG2 spheroids treated with microbiota-derived exosome was evaluated that the treatment of the microbiota-derived exosome significantly enhanced albumin and urea in hepG2 spheroids in a gut-liver axis chip. Therefore, this gut-liver axis chip could be a potentially powerful co-culture platform to study the interaction of microbiota and host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Goo Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Yoon Young Choi
- Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | | | - Tae Hyeon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | - Jang Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea
| | | | - Hayera Lee
- R&BD Center, hy Co., Ltd., Yongin-Si, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Bong Geun Chung
- Institute of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Korea.
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Wang Y, Keshavarz M, Barhouse P, Smith Q. Strategies for Regenerative Vascular Tissue Engineering. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 7:e2200050. [PMID: 35751461 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization remains one of the key challenges in creating functional tissue-engineered constructs for therapeutic applications. This review aims to provide a developmental lens on the necessity of blood vessels in defining tissue function while exploring stem cells as a suitable source for vascular tissue engineering applications. The intersections of stem cell biology, material science, and engineering are explored as potential solutions for directing vascular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Mozhgan Keshavarz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Patrick Barhouse
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
| | - Quinton Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
- Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center University of California Irvine CA 92697 USA
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Hong HJ, Cho JM, Yoon YJ, Choi D, Lee S, Lee H, Ahn S, Koh WG, Lim JY. Thermoresponsive fiber-based microwells capable of formation and retrieval of salivary gland stem cell spheroids for the regeneration of irradiation-damaged salivary glands. J Tissue Eng 2022; 13:20417314221085645. [PMID: 35422983 PMCID: PMC9003645 DOI: 10.1177/20417314221085645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional spheroid culture enhances cell-to-cell interactions among stem cells and promotes the expression of stem cell properties; however, subsequent retrieval and delivery of these cells remain a challenge. We fabricated a thermoresponsive fiber-based microwell scaffold by combining electrospinning and hydrogel micropatterning. The resultant scaffold appeared to facilitate the formation of cellular spheroids of uniform size and enabled the expression of more stem cell-secreting growth factor genes ( EGF, IGF-1, FGF1, FGF2, and HGF), pluripotent stem cell-related genes ( SOX2 and NANOG), and adult epithelial stem cell-related genes ( LGR4, LGR5, and LGR6) than salivary gland stem cells in a monolayer culture (SGSCmonolayer). The spheroids could be retrieved efficiently by decreasing temperature. SGSC-derived spheroid (SGSCspheroid) cells were then implanted into the submandibular glands of mice at 2 weeks after fractionated X-ray irradiation at a dose of 7.5 Gy/day. At 16 weeks post-irradiation, restoration of salivary function was detected only in SGSCspheroid-implanted mice. The production of submandibular acini specific mucin increased in SGSCspheroid-implanted mice, compared with PBS control. More MIST1+ mature acinar cells were preserved in the SGSCspheroid-implanted group than in the PBS control group. Intriguingly, SGSCspheroid-implanted mice exhibited greater amelioration of tissue damage and preservation of KRT7+ terminally differentiated luminal ductal cells than SGSCmonolayer-implanted mice. The SGSCspheroid-implanted mice also showed less DNA damage and apoptotic cell death than the SGSCmonolayer-implanted mice at 2 weeks post-implantation. Additionally, a significant increase in Ki67+AQP5+ proliferative acinar cells was noted only in SGSCspheroid-implanted mice. Our results suggest that a thermoresponsive fiber-based scaffold could be of use to facilitate the production of function-enhanced SGSCspheroid cells and their subsequent retrieval and delivery to damaged salivary glands to alleviate radiation-induced apoptotic cell death and promote salivary gland regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Cho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Jun Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - DoJin Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhou X, Chen Z, Nojima T. Pigeon egg white protein-based transparent durable hydrogel via monodisperse ionic surfactant-mediated protein condensation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4633. [PMID: 35301357 PMCID: PMC8930986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermal gelation property of proteins is useful in creating protein-based materials. The gelation of protein solution often proceeds by the random aggregation of denatured proteins, and the protein-based gels are typically brittle or opaque, or both. Improvement in the mechanical and optical properties of protein-based materials are required for them to be practical and functional. This study investigated pigeon egg white, which is semitransparent in its thermally gelled state, as a protein source for creating hydrogel materials. The protein thermal gelation process was initiated from the orderly condensed state of proteins complexed with monodisperse ionic surfactants to suppress random aggregation. The resultant gel showed transparency in the visible light region and was not destroyed at 99% compression under 17.8 MPa compressive stress, 350-fold higher than the compressive fracture strength of typical boiled pigeon egg white. These results showed that durable transparent hydrogels could be fabricated by the rational combination of natural proteins and surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zaozao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Tatsuya Nojima
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Characterization and Study of Gene Expression Profiles of Human Periodontal Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Spheroid Cultures by Transcriptome Analysis. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5592804. [PMID: 34712330 PMCID: PMC8548127 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5592804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A spheroid is known as a three-dimensional culture model, which better simulates the physiological conditions of stem cells. This study is aimed at identifying genes specifically expressed in spheroid-cultured human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (hPDLMSCs) using RNA-seq analysis to evaluate their functions. Transcriptome analysis was performed using spheroid and monolayer cultures of hPDLMSCs from four patients. Cluster and Gene Ontology analyses revealed that genes involved in cell-cell adhesion as well as the G2/M and G1/S transitions of mitotic cell cycles were strongly expressed in the monolayer culture group. However, genes involved in the negative regulation of cell proliferation, histone deacetylation, and bone morphogenetic protein signaling were strongly expressed in the spheroid culture group. We focused on the transcription factor nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2) among the genes that were strongly expressed in the spheroid culture group and analyzed its function. To confirm the results of the transcriptome analysis, we performed real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analyses. Interestingly, we found that the mRNA and protein expressions of NR4A2 were strongly expressed in the spheroid-cultured hPDLMSCs. Under osteogenic differentiation conditions, we used siRNA to knock down NR4A2 in spheroid-cultured hPDLMSCs to verify its role in osteogenesis. We found that NR4A2 knockdown significantly increased the levels of mRNA expression for osteogenesis-related genes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Osteopontin (OPN), and type 1 collagen (COL1) (Student's paired t-test, p < 0.05). ALP activity was also significantly increased when compared to the negative control group (Student's paired t-test, p < 0.05). Additionally, spheroid-cultured hPDLMSCs transfected with siNR4A2 were cultured for 12 days, resulting in the formation of significantly larger calcified nodules compared to the negative control group (Student's paired t-test, p < 0.05). On the other hand, NR4A2 knockdown in hPDLMSC spheroid did not affect the levels of chondrogenesis and adipogenesis-related genes under chondrogenic and adipogenic conditions. These results suggest that NR4A2 negatively regulates osteogenesis in the spheroid culture of hPDLMSCs.
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10
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Ariyoshi W, Usui M, Sano K, Kawano A, Okinaga T, Nakashima K, Nakazawa K, Nishihara T. 3D spheroid culture models for chondrocytes using polyethylene glycol-coated microfabricated chip. Biomed Res 2021; 41:187-197. [PMID: 32801268 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.41.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As chondrocytes fail to retain their chondrogenic potential in two-dimensional monolayer cultures, several three-dimensional culture systems have been employed for investigating the physiology and pathophysiology in articular cartilage tissues. In this study, we introduced a polyethylene glycol-coated microfabricated chip that enables spheroid formation from ATDC5 cell line, commonly used as a model for in vitro chondrocyte research. ATDC5 cells cultured in our devices aggregated immediately and generated a single spheroid per well within 24 h. Most cells in spheroids cultured in differentiation medium were viable and the circular shape and smooth surface of the spheroid were maintained up to 14 d in culture. We also detected potent hypoxia conditions, a key factor in chondrogenesis, in whole lesions of ATDC5 spheroids. Expression of chondrogenesis-related genes and type X collagen protein was significantly increased in ATDC5 spheroids grown in differentiation medium, compared with monolayer-cultured ATDC5 cells. We also demonstrated that the differentiation medium-induced Akt protein phosphorylation was upregulated in ATDC5 cells cultured in our spheroid device, suggesting that enhancement of chondrogenic potential in ATDC5 spheroids results from PI3/Akt signaling activation. These results indicated that our spheroid culture system could constitute a high-throughput strategy approach towards elucidating the molecular mechanisms that regulate chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University
| | - Michihiko Usui
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University
| | - Kotaro Sano
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University
| | - Aki Kawano
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University
| | | | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University
| | - Kohji Nakazawa
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University
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Chae S, Hong J, Hwangbo H, Kim G. The utility of biomedical scaffolds laden with spheroids in various tissue engineering applications. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:6818-6832. [PMID: 34093855 PMCID: PMC8171099 DOI: 10.7150/thno.58421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A spheroid is a complex, spherical cellular aggregate supporting cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in an environment that mimics the real-world situation. In terms of tissue engineering, spheroids are important building blocks that replace two-dimensional cell cultures. Spheroids replicate tissue physiological activities. The use of spheroids with/without scaffolds yields structures that engage in desired activities and replicate the complicated geometry of three-dimensional tissues. In this mini-review, we describe conventional and novel methods by which scaffold-free and scaffolded spheroids may be fabricated and discuss their applications in tissue regeneration and future perspectives.
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Krishnan MA, Chelvam V. Developing μSpherePlatform Using a Commercial Hairbrush: An Agarose 3D Culture Platform for Deep-Tissue Imaging of Prostate Cancer. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4254-4270. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mena A. Krishnan
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
| | - Venkatesh Chelvam
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453 552, India
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Li X, Deng Q, Wang S, Li Q, Zhao W, Lin B, Luo Y, Zhang X. Hydroxyethyl Cellulose As a Rheological Additive for Tuning the Extrusion Printability and Scaffold Properties. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2021; 8:87-98. [PMID: 36655060 PMCID: PMC9828602 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2020.0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bioink, a key element of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, is frequently engineered to achieve improved printing performance. Viscoelasticity related to rheological properties is correlative of the printability of bioink for extrusion bioprinting, which affects the complexity of printing 3D structures. This article shows the use of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as a rheological additive for engineering bioink to improve the printability without reducing the biocompatibility. Different concentrations of HEC were added to four types of bioink, namely, reagent-crosslinked, temperature-dependent phase change, ultraviolet-polymerized, and composite hydrogel bioinks, to investigate the effect on the viscoelasticity properties, print fidelity, and other printed scaffold properties. The results indicate that HEC is able to increase the rheological properties by 100 times to stabilize complex structures and improve the printing fidelity to narrow the gap between the design value and theoretical value, even converting nonviscous ink into directly printable ink, as well as tune the swelling ratio for better molecular permeability. The degradation of bioink can also be tuned by the addition of HEC. Moreover, this bioink is biocompatible for cell lines and primary cells. HEC is expected to be widely used in 3D extrusion-based bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Quanfeng Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Weijie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Bingcheng Lin
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Soochow, China
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Huang NC, Dai LG, Kang LY, Huang NC, Fu KY, Hsieh PS, Dai NT. Beneficial Effects of Astragaloside IV-Treated and 3-Dimensional-Cultured Endothelial Progenitor Cells on Angiogenesis and Wound Healing. Ann Plast Surg 2021; 86:S3-S12. [PMID: 33438949 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000002655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a natural herb extract and a popular compound used in traditional Chinese medicine because of its effect on multiple biological processes, such as promotion of cell proliferation, improvement in cardiopulmonary and vascular function, and promotion of angiogenesis around wounds, leading to accelerated wound healing. Vascular regeneration primarily results from the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Biomedical acceleration of angiogenesis and differentiation of EPCs around the wound remain challenging. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we treated human umbilical cord blood-derived EPCs with AS-IV and cultured them on 2-dimensional (tissue culture polystyrene) and 3-dimensional culture plates (3DPs). These cultured cells were then combined with human blood plasma gel and applied on the skin of nude mice in an attempt to repair full-thickness skin defects. RESULTS The results show that using 3DP culture could increase vascular-related gene expression in EPCs. Furthermore, 12.5 μg/mL AS-IV-treaded EPCs were combined with plasma gels (P-3DP-EPC12.5) and showed enhanced vascular-related protein expression levels after 3 days of culture. Finally, P-3DP-EPC12.5s were used to repair full-thickness skin defects in nude mice, and we could register a wound healing rate greater than 90% by day 14. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we concluded that we have developed a potential therapeutic approach for wound healing using plasma gel containing 3-dimensional surface-cultured AS-IV-treated EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lan-Ya Kang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Chi Huang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Yen Fu
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Shan Hsieh
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Niann-Tzyy Dai
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu D, Chen S, Win Naing M. A review of manufacturing capabilities of cell spheroid generation technologies and future development. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:542-554. [PMID: 33146407 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Spheroid culture provides cells with a three-dimensional environment that can better mimic physiological conditions compared to monolayer culture. Technologies involved in the generation of cell spheroids are continuously being innovated to produce spheroids with enhanced properties. In this paper, we review the manufacturing capabilities of current cell spheroid generation technologies. We propose that spheroid generation technologies should enable tight and robust process controls to produce spheroids of consistent and repeatable quality. Future technology development for the generation of cell spheroids should look into improvement in process control, standardization, scalability and monitoring, in addition to advanced methods of spheroid transfer and characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sixun Chen
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - May Win Naing
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Wang A, Madden LA, Paunov VN. Advanced biomedical applications based on emerging 3D cell culturing platforms. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10487-10501. [PMID: 33136103 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01658f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is of great value to develop reliable in vitro models for cell biology and toxicology. However, ethical issues and the decreasing number of donors restrict the further use of traditional animal models in various fields, including the emerging fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The huge gap created by the restrictions in animal models has pushed the development of the increasingly recognized three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, which enables cells to closely simulate authentic cellular behaviour such as close cell-to-cell interactions and can achieve higher functionality. Furthermore, 3D cell culturing is superior to the traditional 2D cell culture, which has obvious limitations and cannot closely mimic the structure and architecture of tissues. In this study, we review several methods used to form 3D multicellular spheroids. The extracellular microenvironment of 3D spheroids plays a role in many aspects of biological sciences, including cell signalling, cell growth, cancer cell generation, and anti-cancer drugs. More recently, they have been explored as basic construction units for tissue and organ engineering. We review this field with a focus on the previous research in different areas using spheroid models, emphasizing aqueous two-phase system (ATPS)-based techniques. Multi-cellular spheroids have great potential in the study of biological systems and can closely mimic the in vivo environment. New technologies to form and analyse spheroids such as the aqueous two-phase system and magnetic levitation are rapidly overcoming the technical limitations of spheroids and expanding their applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK.
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17
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Chao C, Ngo Le P, Engelward BP. SpheroidChip: Patterned Agarose Microwell Compartments Harboring HepG2 Spheroids are Compatible with Genotoxicity Testing. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2427-2439. [PMID: 33145399 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional tissue culture models are emerging as effective alternatives to animal testing. They are especially beneficial for liver toxicity studies, enabling hepatocytes to display improved levels of liver-specific functions. One common model is hepatocyte spheroids, which are spontaneously formed cell aggregates. Techniques for spheroid formation include the use of ultralow attachment plates and the hanging drop method, both of which are technically challenging and relatively low throughput. Here, we describe a simple-to-use platform that improves spheroid production and is compatible with genotoxicity testing by the comet assay. To achieve this, we created a chip containing a microwell array where dozens of spheroids are contained within a single well of a 96-well plate. The microwells are made from agarose, a nontoxic material suitable for cell growth and spheroid formation. HepG2 cells loaded into customizable microwells formed spheroids through agarose-assisted aggregation within one to two days. In addition, the agarose matrix allows the same platform to be used in DNA damage analysis. Specifically, the comet assay enables quantification of DNA breaks based on the increased migration of damaged DNA through agarose during electrophoresis. Here, we developed a modified comet assay and show that intact HepG2 spheroids cultured in microwells can be electrophoresed to reveal the extent of DNA damage following exposure to inflammatory chemicals (H2O2 and SIN-1). With this SpheroidChip analysis method, we detected a dose-dependent increase in DNA damage and observed rapid repair of H2O2-induced DNA damage. In summary, we utilized an agarose microarray to condense what had required an entire 96-well plate into a single well, enabling analysis techniques that were cumbersome or impossible under conditions of a single spheroid per well of a 96-well plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - P Ngo Le
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Bevin P Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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18
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Li Z, Guo X, Sun L, Xu J, Liu W, Li T, Wang J. A simple microsphere‐based mold to rapidly fabricate microwell arrays for multisize 3D tumor culture. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1092-1100. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zixiu Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Lili Sun
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Wenming Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science Central South University Changsha Hunan P. R. China
| | - Tianbao Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy Northwest A&F University Yangling Shaanxi P. R. China
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19
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Sano K, Usui M, Moritani Y, Nakazawa K, Hanatani T, Kondo H, Nakatomi M, Onizuka S, Iwata T, Sato T, Togari A, Ariyoshi W, Nishihara T, Nakashima K. Co-cultured spheroids of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells and vascular endothelial cells enhance periodontal tissue regeneration. Regen Ther 2020; 14:59-71. [PMID: 31988996 PMCID: PMC6965649 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (hPDLMSCs) have been known that they play important roles in homeostasis and regeneration of periodontal tissues. Additionally, spheroids are superior to monolayer-cultured cells. We investigated the characteristics and potential of periodontal tissue regeneration in co-cultured spheroids of hPDLMSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro and in vivo. Methods Co-cultured spheroids were prepared with cell ratios of hPDLMSCs: HUVECs = 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, using microwell chips. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA), and nodule formation assay were performed to examine the properties of co-cultured spheroids. Periodontal tissue defects were prepared in the maxillary first molars of rats and subjected to transplantation assay. Results The expression levels of stemness markers, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), osteogenesis-related genes were up-regulated in co-cultured spheroids, compared with monolayer and spheroid-cultured hPDLMSCs. The nodule formation was also increased in co-cultured spheroids, compared with monolayer and spheroid cultures of hPDLMSCs. Treatment with co-cultured spheroids enhanced new cementum formation after 4 or 8 weeks of transplantation, although there was no significant difference in the new bone formation between co-cultured spheroids and hPDLMSC spheroids. Conclusions We found that co-cultured spheroids enhance the periodontal tissue regeneration. Co-cultured spheroids of hPDLMSCs and HUVECs may be a useful therapy that can induce periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Sano
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Michihiko Usui
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Yuki Moritani
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Kohji Nakazawa
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hanatani
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Mitsushiro Nakatomi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Satoru Onizuka
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama-machi, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Akifumi Togari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infection and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infection and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Improvement, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 803-8580, Japan
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de Melo BAG, Jodat YA, Mehrotra S, Calabrese MA, Kamperman T, Mandal BB, Santana MHA, Alsberg E, Leijten J, Shin SR. 3D Printed Cartilage-Like Tissue Constructs with Spatially Controlled Mechanical Properties. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1906330. [PMID: 34108852 PMCID: PMC8186324 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201906330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing biomimetic cartilaginous tissues that support locomotion while maintaining chondrogenic behavior is a major challenge in the tissue engineering field. Specifically, while locomotive forces demand tissues with strong mechanical properties, chondrogenesis requires a soft microenvironment. To address this challenge, 3D cartilage-like tissue is bioprinted using two biomaterials with different mechanical properties: a hard biomaterial to reflect the macromechanical properties of native cartilage, and a soft biomaterial to create a chondrogenic microenvironment. To this end, a hard biomaterial (MPa order compressive modulus) composed of an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and alginate hydrogel is developed as an extracellular matrix (ECM) with self-healing properties, but low diffusive capacity. Within this bath supplemented with thrombin, fibrinogen containing human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) spheroids is bioprinted forming fibrin, as the soft biomaterial (kPa order compressive modulus) to simulate cartilage's pericellular matrix and allow a fast diffusion of nutrients. The bioprinted hMSC spheroids improve viability and chondrogenic-like behavior without adversely affecting the macromechanical properties of the tissue. Therefore, the ability to print locally soft and cell stimulating microenvironments inside of a mechanically robust hydrogel is demonstrated, thereby uncoupling the micro- and macromechanical properties of the 3D printed tissues such as cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna A G de Melo
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yasamin A Jodat
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shreya Mehrotra
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle A Calabrese
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tom Kamperman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Maria H A Santana
- Department of Engineering of Materials and Bioprocesses School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Departments of Bioengineering and Orthopaedics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, University of Twente, Enschede, Overijssel 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Sakai Y, Koike M, Yamanouchi K, Soyama A, Hidaka M, Kuroki T, Eguchi S. Time‐dependent structural and functional characterization of subcutaneous human liver tissue. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2287-2298. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakai
- Department of SurgeryNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Makiko Koike
- Department of SurgeryNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Kosho Yamanouchi
- Department of SurgeryNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Akihiko Soyama
- Department of SurgeryNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of SurgeryNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kuroki
- Department of SurgeryNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of SurgeryNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Nagasaki Japan
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22
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Sakai Y, Koike M, Kawahara D, Hasegawa H, Murai T, Yamanouchi K, Soyama A, Hidaka M, Takatsuki M, Fujita F, Kuroki T, Eguchi S. Controlled cell morphology and liver-specific function of engineered primary hepatocytes by fibroblast layer cell densities. J Biosci Bioeng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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23
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24
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Moritani Y, Usui M, Sano K, Nakazawa K, Hanatani T, Nakatomi M, Iwata T, Sato T, Ariyoshi W, Nishihara T, Nakashima K. Spheroid culture enhances osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells. J Periodontal Res 2018; 53:870-882. [PMID: 29900548 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND Human periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (hPDLMSCs) are reported to be responsible for homeostasis and regeneration of periodontal tissue. Although hPDLMSCs are commonly cultured in monolayers, monolayer cultures have been reported as inferior to 3-dimensional cultures such as spheroids, which are spherical clusters of cells formed by self-assembly. The aim of this study was to examine the osteogenic phenotype of spheroids of hPDLMSCs, compared with monolayer cultures of hPDLMSC, in vitro and in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS Spheroids were formed using microwell chips that were tagged with polyethylene glycol. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers in hPDLMSC spheroids were examined by flow cytometer. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was examined to measure the expressions of stemness markers and osteogenesis-related genes in monolayer and spheroid-cultured hPDLMSCs. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to confirm protein expressions of stemness markers in PDLMSC spheroids. Nodule formation assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and transplantation assay in a mouse calvarial defect model were performed to confirm the osteogenic potential of hPDLMSC spheroids. To elucidate the mechanism of spheroid culture enhanced osteogenesis in hPDLMSCs with osteoinductive medium (OIM), a small interfering RNA (siRNA) assay targeted with secreted frizzled-related protein 3 (SFRP3) was examined. The levels of SFRP3 expression in monolayer and spheroid-cultured hPDLMSCs with OIM were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis. ALP gene expression and ALP activity were examined in SFRP3-deficient hPDLMSC spheroids. RESULTS The hPDLMSC spheroids expressed MSC markers, which were similar to hPDLMSCs grown in monolayer cultures. Intriguingly, the protein and mRNA expressions of transcription factors that regulate "stemness" were significantly increased in hPDLMSC spheroids, compared with hPDLMSCs in monolayer cultures. Nodule formation by hPDLMSCs was significantly increased in spheroid cultures grown with OIM, compared with monolayer-cultured hPDLMSCs. ALP activity and expression of osteogenesis-related genes were also significantly enhanced in hPDLMSC spheroids, compared with monolayer cultures. Treatment with hPDLMSC spheroids significantly enhanced new bone formation in a murine calvarial defect model, compared with hPDLMSCs in monolayer culture. Finally, to elucidate mechanisms by which spheroid culture enhances ALP activation in hPDLMSCs grown with OIM, an siRNA assay was used to manipulate expression of SFRP3, a Wnt signaling antagonist. Knockdown of SFRP3 suppressed ALP gene expression in hPDLMSCs grown in OIM; further, it suppressed ALP activity in spheroid culture. These data suggest that the enhancement of osteogenic potential in hPDLMSC spheroids is regulated through SFRP3-mediated ALP activation. CONCLUSION Spheroid cultures of hPDLMSCs may be a novel and useful tool in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Moritani
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - M Usui
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - K Sano
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - K Nakazawa
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - T Hanatani
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - M Nakatomi
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - W Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - T Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - K Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Miyamoto D, Hara T, Hyakutake A, Nakazawa K. Changes in HepG2 spheroid behavior induced by differences in the gap distance between spheroids in a micropatterned culture system. J Biosci Bioeng 2018; 125:729-735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Sart S, Tomasi RFX, Amselem G, Baroud CN. Multiscale cytometry and regulation of 3D cell cultures on a chip. Nat Commun 2017; 8:469. [PMID: 28883466 PMCID: PMC5589863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture is emerging as a more relevant alternative to the traditional two-dimensional format. Yet the ability to perform cytometry at the single cell level on intact three-dimensional spheroids or together with temporal regulation of the cell microenvironment remains limited. Here we describe a microfluidic platform to perform high-density three-dimensional culture, controlled stimulation, and observation in a single chip. The method extends the capabilities of droplet microfluidics for performing long-term culture of adherent cells. Using arrays of 500 spheroids per chip, in situ immunocytochemistry and image analysis provide multiscale cytometry that we demonstrate at the population scale, on 104 single spheroids, and over 105 single cells, correlating functionality with cellular location within the spheroids. Also, an individual spheroid can be extracted for further analysis or culturing. This will enable a shift towards quantitative studies on three-dimensional cultures, under dynamic conditions, with implications for stem cells, organs-on-chips, or cancer research.3D cell culture is more relevant than the two-dimensional format, but methods for parallel analysis and temporal regulation of the microenvironment are limited. Here the authors develop a droplet microfluidics system to perform long-term culture of 3D spheroids, enabling multiscale cytometry of individual cells within the spheroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (LadHyX)-Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7646, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Raphaël F-X Tomasi
- Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (LadHyX)-Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7646, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gabriel Amselem
- Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (LadHyX)-Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7646, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Charles N Baroud
- Laboratory of Hydrodynamics (LadHyX)-Department of Mechanics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-UMR7646, 91128, Palaiseau, France.
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Nishikawa T, Tanaka Y, Nishikawa M, Ogino Y, Kusamori K, Mizuno N, Mizukami Y, Shimizu K, Konishi S, Takahashi Y, Takakura Y. Optimization of Albumin Secretion and Metabolic Activity of Cytochrome P450 1A1 of Human Hepatoblastoma HepG2 Cells in Multicellular Spheroids by Controlling Spheroid Size. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:334-338. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yutaro Tanaka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Institute for Innovative NanoBio Drug Discovery and Development Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yuka Ogino
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Narumi Mizuno
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Institute for Innovative NanoBio Drug Discovery and Development Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Institute for Innovative NanoBio Drug Discovery and Development Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University
- Ritsumeikan-Global Innovation Research Organization, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
| | - Yoshinobu Takakura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
- Institute for Innovative NanoBio Drug Discovery and Development Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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Systematic time-dependent visualization and quantitation of the neurogenic rate in brain organoids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Miyamoto D, Nakazawa K. Differentiation of mouse iPS cells is dependent on embryoid body size in microwell chip culture. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:507-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Miyamoto Y, Ikeuchi M, Noguchi H, Yagi T, Hayashi S. Enhanced Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in an In Vitro Microenvironment: The Preparation of Adipose-Like Microtissues Using a Three-Dimensional Culture. CELL MEDICINE 2016; 9:35-44. [PMID: 28174673 DOI: 10.3727/215517916x693096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of stem cells for cell therapy has been extensively studied in recent years. Among the various types of stem cells, human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) can be obtained in large quantities with relatively few passages, and they possess a stable quality. ASCs can differentiate into a number of cell types, such as adipose cells and ectodermal cells. We therefore focused on the in vitro microenvironment required for such differentiation and attempted to induce the differentiation of human stem cells into microtissues using a microelectromechanical system. We first evaluated the adipogenic differentiation of human ASC spheroids in a three-dimensional (3D) culture. We then created the in vitro microenvironment using a 3D combinatorial TASCL device and attempted to induce the adipogenic differentiation of human ASCs. The differentiation of human ASC spheroids cultured in maintenance medium and those cultured in adipocyte differentiation medium was evaluated via Oil red O staining using lipid droplets based on the quantity of accumulated triglycerides. The differentiation was confirmed in both media, but the human ASCs in the 3D cultures contained higher amounts of triglycerides than those in the 2D cultures. In the short culture period, greater adipogenic differentiation was observed in the 3D cultures than in the 2D cultures. The 3D culture using the TASCL device with adipogenic differentiation medium promoted greater differentiation of human ASCs into adipogenic lineages than either a 2D culture or a culture using a maintenance medium. In summary, the TASCL device created a hospitable in vitro microenvironment and may therefore be a useful tool for the induction of differentiation in 3D culture. The resultant human ASC spheroids were "adipose-like microtissues" that formed spherical aggregation perfectly and are expected to be applicable in regenerative medicine as well as cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine in Biotechnology and Robotics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; †Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeuchi
- †Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ‡PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- § Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Tohru Yagi
- ¶ School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shuji Hayashi
- Department of Advanced Medicine in Biotechnology and Robotics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya , Japan
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Lee G, Lee J, Oh H, Lee S. Reproducible Construction of Surface Tension-Mediated Honeycomb Concave Microwell Arrays for Engineering of 3D Microtissues with Minimal Cell Loss. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161026. [PMID: 27513567 PMCID: PMC4981302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The creation of engineered 3D microtissues has attracted prodigious interest because of the fact that this microtissue structure is able to mimic in vivo environments. Such microtissues can be applied extensively in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, as well as in drug and toxicity screening. Here, we develop a novel method of fabricating a large number of dense honeycomb concave microwells via surface tension-mediated self-construction. More specifically, in order to control the curvature and shape of the concavity in a precise and reproducible manner, a custom-made jig system was designed and fabricated. By applying a pre-set force using the jig system, the shape of the honeycomb concave well was precisely and uniformly controlled, despite the fact that wells were densely packed. The thin wall between the honeycomb wells enables the minimization of cell loss during the cell-seeding process. To evaluate the performance of the honeycomb microwell array, rat hepatocytes were seeded, and spheroids were successfully formed with uniform shape and size. Liver-specific functions such as albumin secretion and cytochrome P450 were subsequently analyzed. The proposed method of fabricating honeycomb concave wells is cost-effective, simple, and reproducible. The honeycomb well array can produce multiple spheroids with minimal cell loss, and can lead to significant contributions in tissue engineering and organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- GeonHui Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeSeo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunJik Oh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- MicroFIT R&BD Institute, Dunchon-daero, Jungwon-gu, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - SangHoon Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-convergence Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bhise NS, Manoharan V, Massa S, Tamayol A, Ghaderi M, Miscuglio M, Lang Q, Shrike Zhang Y, Shin SR, Calzone G, Annabi N, Shupe TD, Bishop CE, Atala A, Dokmeci MR, Khademhosseini A. A liver-on-a-chip platform with bioprinted hepatic spheroids. Biofabrication 2016; 8:014101. [PMID: 26756674 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/8/1/014101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The inadequacy of animal models in correctly predicting drug and biothreat agent toxicity in humans has resulted in a pressing need for in vitro models that can recreate the in vivo scenario. One of the most important organs in the assessment of drug toxicity is liver. Here, we report the development of a liver-on-a-chip platform for long-term culture of three-dimensional (3D) human HepG2/C3A spheroids for drug toxicity assessment. The bioreactor design allowed for in situ monitoring of the culture environment by enabling direct access to the hepatic construct during the experiment without compromising the platform operation. The engineered bioreactor could be interfaced with a bioprinter to fabricate 3D hepatic constructs of spheroids encapsulated within photocrosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel. The engineered hepatic construct remained functional during the 30 days culture period as assessed by monitoring the secretion rates of albumin, alpha-1 antitrypsin, transferrin, and ceruloplasmin, as well as immunostaining for the hepatocyte markers, cytokeratin 18, MRP2 bile canalicular protein and tight junction protein ZO-1. Treatment with 15 mM acetaminophen induced a toxic response in the hepatic construct that was similar to published studies on animal and other in vitro models, thus providing a proof-of-concept demonstration of the utility of this liver-on-a-chip platform for toxicity assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupura S Bhise
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Lee GH, Lee JS, Wang X, Hoon Lee S. Bottom-Up Engineering of Well-Defined 3D Microtissues Using Microplatforms and Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:56-74. [PMID: 25880830 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During the last decades, the engineering of well-defined 3D tissues has attracted great attention because it provides in vivo mimicking environment and can be a building block for the engineering of bioartificial organs. In this Review, diverse engineering methods of 3D tissues using microscale devices are introduced. Recent progress of microtechnologies has enabled the development of microplatforms for bottom-up assembly of diverse shaped 3D tissues consisting of various cells. Micro hanging-drop plates, microfluidic chips, and arrayed microwells are the typical examples. The encapsulation of cells in hydrogel microspheres and microfibers allows the engineering of 3D microtissues with diverse shapes. Applications of 3D microtissues in biomedical fields are described, and the future direction of microplatform-based engineering of 3D micro-tissues is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Hui Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging, Science and Technology; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seo Lee
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging, Science and Technology; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Center of Organ Manufacturing; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering; College of Health Science; Korea University; Seoul 136-701 Republic of Korea
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Ma L, Cheng C, He C, Nie C, Deng J, Sun S, Zhao C. Substrate-Independent Robust and Heparin-Mimetic Hydrogel Thin Film Coating via Combined LbL Self-Assembly and Mussel-Inspired Post-Cross-linking. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26050-26062. [PMID: 26553500 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we designed a robust and heparin-mimetic hydrogel thin film coating via combined layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly and mussel-inspired post-cross-linking. Dopamine-grafted heparin-like/-mimetic polymers (DA-g-HepLP) with abundant carboxylic and sulfonic groups were synthesized by the conjugation of adhesive molecule, DA, which exhibited substrate-independent adhesive affinity to various solid surfaces because of the formation of irreversible covalent bonds. The hydrogel thin film coated substrates were prepared by a three-step reaction: First, the substrates were coated with DA-g-HepLP to generate negatively charged surfaces. Then, multilayers were obtained via LbL coating of chitosan and the DA-g-HepLP. Finally, the noncovalent multilayers were oxidatively cross-linked by NaIO4. Surface ATR-FTIR and XPS spectra confirmed the successful fabrication of the hydrogel thin film coatings onto membrane substrates; SEM images revealed that the substrate-independent coatings owned 3D porous morphology. The soaking tests in highly alkaline, acid, and concentrated salt solutions indicated that the cross-linked hydrogel thin film coatings owned high chemical resistance. In comparison, the soaking tests in physiological solution indicated that the cross-linked hydrogel coatings owned excellent long-term stability. The live/dead cell staining and morphology observations of the adhered cells revealed that the heparin-mimetic hydrogel thin film coated substrates had low cell toxicity and high promotion ability for cell proliferation. Furthermore, systematic in vitro investigations of protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, blood clotting, and blood-related complement activation confirmed that the hydrogel film coated substrates showed excellent hemocompatibility. Both the results of inhibition zone and bactericidal activity indicated that the gentamycin sulfate loaded hydrogel thin films had significant inhibition capability toward both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Combined the above advantages, it is believed that the designed heparin-mimetic hydrogel thin films may show high potential for applications in various biological and clinical fields, such as long-term hemocompatible and drug-loading materials for implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering and ‡National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering and ‡National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering and ‡National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering and ‡National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jie Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering and ‡National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shudong Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering and ‡National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering and ‡National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065, China
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Miyamoto Y, Ikeuchi M, Noguchi H, Yagi T, Hayashi S. Spheroid Formation and Evaluation of Hepatic Cells in a Three-Dimensional Culture Device. CELL MEDICINE 2015; 8:47-56. [PMID: 26858908 DOI: 10.3727/215517915x689056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In drug discovery, it is very important to evaluate liver cells within an organism. Compared to 2D culture methods, the development of 3D culture techniques for liver cells has been successful in maintaining long-term liver functionality with the formation of a hepatic-specific structure. The key to performing drug testing is the establishment of a stable in vitro evaluation system. In this article, we report a Tapered Stencil for Cluster Culture (TASCL) device developed to create liver spheroids in vitro. The TASCL device will be applied as a toxicity evaluation system for drug discovery. The TASCL device was created with an overall size of 10 mm × 10 mm, containing 400 microwells with a top aperture (500 µm × 500 µm) and a bottom aperture (300 µm diameter circular) per microwell. We evaluated the formation, recovery, and size of HepG2 spheroids in the TASCL device. The formation and recovery were both nearly 100%, and the size of the HepG2 spheroids increased with an increase in the initial cell seeding density. There were no significant differences in the sizes of the spheroids among the microwells. In addition, the HepG2 spheroids obtained using the TASCL device were alive and produced albumin. The morphology of the HepG2 spheroids was investigated using FE-SEM. The spheroids in the microwells exhibited perfectly spherical aggregation. In this report, by adjusting the size of the microwells of the TASCL device, uniform HepG2 spheroids were created, and the device facilitated more precise measurements of the liver function per HepG2 spheroid. Our TASCL device will be useful for application as a toxicity evaluation system for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine in Biotechnology and Robotics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Japan; †Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeuchi
- †Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ‡PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- § Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Tohru Yagi
- ¶ School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shuji Hayashi
- Department of Advanced Medicine in Biotechnology and Robotics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya , Japan
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High-Throughput Cancer Cell Sphere Formation for Characterizing the Efficacy of Photo Dynamic Therapy in 3D Cell Cultures. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12175. [PMID: 26153550 PMCID: PMC4495468 DOI: 10.1038/srep12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), wherein light sensitive non-toxic agents are locally and selectively activated using light, has emerged as an appealing alternative to traditional cancer chemotherapy. Yet to date, PDT efficacy has been mostly characterized using 2D cultures. Compared to 2D cultures, 3D sphere culture generates unique spatial distributions of nutrients and oxygen for the cells that better mimics the in-vivo conditions. Using a novel polyHEMA (non-adherent polymer) fabrication process, we developed a microfluidic sphere formation platform that can (1) generate 1,024 uniform (size variation <10%) cancer spheres within a 2 cm by 2 cm core area, (2) culture spheres for more than 2 weeks, and (3) allow the retrieval of spheres. Using the presented platform, we have successfully characterized the different responses in 2D and 3D cell culture to PDT. Furthermore, we investigated the treatment resistance effect in cancer cells induced by tumor associated fibroblasts (CAF). Although the CAFs can enhance the resistance to traditional chemotherapy agents, no significant difference in PDT was observed. The preliminary results suggest that the PDT can be an attractive alternative cancer therapy, which is less affected by the therapeutic resistance induced by cancer associated cells.
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Sakai Y, Yamanouchi K, Ohashi K, Koike M, Utoh R, Hasegawa H, Muraoka I, Suematsu T, Soyama A, Hidaka M, Takatsuki M, Kuroki T, Eguchi S. Vascularized subcutaneous human liver tissue from engineered hepatocyte/fibroblast sheets in mice. Biomaterials 2015; 65:66-75. [PMID: 26142777 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous liver tissue engineering is an attractive and minimally invasive approach used to curative treat hepatic failure and inherited liver diseases. However, graft failure occurs frequently due to insufficient infiltration of blood vessels (neoangiogenesis), while the maintenance of hepatocyte phenotype and function requires in vivo development of the complex cellular organization of the hepatic lobule. Here we describe a subcutaneous human liver construction allowing for rapidly vascularized grafts by transplanting engineered cellular sheets consisting of human primary hepatocytes adhered onto a fibroblast layer. The engineered hepatocyte/fibroblast sheets (EHFSs) showed superior expression levels of vascularization-associated growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor beta 1, and hepatocyte growth factor) in vitro. EHFSs developed into vascularized subcutaneous human liver tissues contained glycogen stores, synthesized coagulation factor IX, and showed significantly higher synthesis rates of liver-specific proteins (albumin and alpha 1 anti-trypsin) in vivo than tissues from hepatocyte-only sheets. The present study describes a new approach for vascularized human liver organogenesis under mouse skin. This approach could prove valuable for establishing novel cell therapies for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
| | - Kosho Yamanouchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ohashi
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Makiko Koike
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Rie Utoh
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Hideko Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Izumi Muraoka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Suematsu
- Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Akihiko Soyama
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Mitsuhisa Takatsuki
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Kuroki
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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Sakai S, Inamoto K, Ashida T, Takamura R, Taya M. Cancer stem cell marker-expressing cell-rich spheroid fabrication from PANC-1 cells using alginate microcapsules with spherical cavities templated by gelatin microparticles. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1071-6. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Sakai
- Div. of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kazuya Inamoto
- Div. of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ashida
- Div. of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Ryo Takamura
- Div. of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Masahito Taya
- Div. of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
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Miyamoto Y, Ikeuchi M, Noguchi H, Yagi T, Hayashi S. Three-Dimensional In Vitro Hepatic Constructs Formed Using Combinatorial Tapered Stencil for Cluster Culture (TASCL) Device. CELL MEDICINE 2014; 7:67-74. [PMID: 26858895 DOI: 10.3727/215517914x685187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Attempts to create artificial liver tissue from various cells have been reported as an alternative method for liver transplantation and pharmaceutical testing. In the construction of artificial liver tissue, the selection of the cell source is the most important factor. However, if an appropriate environment (in vitro/in vivo) cannot be provided for various cells, it is not possible to obtain artificial liver tissue with the desired function. Therefore, we focused on the in vitro environment and produced liver tissues using MEMS technology. In the present study, we report a combinatorial TASCL device to prepare 3D cell constructs in vitro. The TASCL device was fabricated with an overall size of 10 mm × 10 mm with microwells and a top aperture (400 µm × 400 µm, 600 µm × 600 µm, 800 µm × 800 µm) and bottom aperture (40 µm × 40 µm, 80 µm × 80 µm, 160 µm × 160 µm) per microwell. The TASCL device can be easily installed on various culture dishes with tweezers. Using plastic dishes as the bottom surface of the combinatorial TASCL device, 3D hepatocyte constructs of uniform sizes (about ɸ 100 μm-ɸ 200 μm) were produced by increasing the seeding cell density of primary mouse hepatocytes. The 3D hepatocyte constructs obtained using the TASCL device were alive and secreted albumin. On the other hand, partially adhered primary mouse hepatocytes exhibited a cobblestone morphology on the collagen-coated bottom of the individual microwells using the combinatorial TASCL device. By changing the bottom substrate of the TASCL device, the culture environment of the cell constructs was easily changed to a 3D environment. The combinatorial TASCL device described in this report can be used quickly and simply. This device will be useful for preparing hepatocyte constructs for application in drug screening and cell medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Medicine in Biotechnology and Robotics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya , Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeuchi
- †Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; ‡PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology (JST), Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- § Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa , Japan
| | - Tohru Yagi
- ¶ School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shuji Hayashi
- Department of Advanced Medicine in Biotechnology and Robotics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Showa-ku, Nagoya , Japan
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Montanez-Sauri SI, Beebe DJ, Sung KE. Microscale screening systems for 3D cellular microenvironments: platforms, advances, and challenges. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 72:237-49. [PMID: 25274061 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The increasing interest in studying cells using more in vivo-like three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments has created a need for advanced 3D screening platforms with enhanced functionalities and increased throughput. 3D screening platforms that better mimic in vivo microenvironments with enhanced throughput would provide more in-depth understanding of the complexity and heterogeneity of microenvironments. The platforms would also better predict the toxicity and efficacy of potential drugs in physiologically relevant conditions. Traditional 3D culture models (e.g., spinner flasks, gyratory rotation devices, non-adhesive surfaces, polymers) were developed to create 3D multicellular structures. However, these traditional systems require large volumes of reagents and cells, and are not compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS) systems. Microscale technology offers the miniaturization of 3D cultures and allows efficient screening of various conditions. This review will discuss the development, most influential works, and current advantages and challenges of microscale culture systems for screening cells in 3D microenvironments.
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Micropatterned culture of HepG2 spheroids using microwell chip with honeycomb-patterned polymer film. J Biosci Bioeng 2014; 118:455-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sakai Y, Hattori K, Yanagawa F, Sugiura S, Kanamori T, Nakazawa K. Detachably assembled microfluidic device for perfusion culture and post-culture analysis of a spheroid array. Biotechnol J 2014; 9:971-9. [PMID: 24802801 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices permit perfusion culture of three-dimensional (3D) tissue, mimicking the flow of blood in vascularized 3D tissue in our body. Here, we report a microfluidic device composed of a two-part microfluidic chamber chip and multi-microwell array chip able to be disassembled at the culture endpoint. Within the microfluidic chamber, an array of 3D tissue aggregates (spheroids) can be formed and cultured under perfusion. Subsequently, detailed post-culture analysis of the spheroids collected from the disassembled device can be performed. This device facilitates uniform spheroid formation, growth analysis in a high-throughput format, controlled proliferation via perfusion flow rate, and post-culture analysis of spheroids. We used the device to culture spheroids of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells under two controlled perfusion flow rates. HepG2 spheroids exhibited greater cell growth at higher perfusion flow rates than at lower perfusion flow rates, and exhibited different metabolic activity and mRNA and protein expression under the different flow rate conditions. These results show the potential of perfusion culture to precisely control the culture environment in microfluidic devices. The construction of spheroid array chambers allows multiple culture conditions to be tested simultaneously, with potential applications in toxicity and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Life and Environment Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ma L, Qin H, Cheng C, Xia Y, He C, Nie C, Wang L, Zhao C. Mussel-inspired self-coating at macro-interface with improved biocompatibility and bioactivity via dopamine grafted heparin-like polymers and heparin. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:363-375. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb21388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Xia Y, Cheng C, Wang R, Qin H, Zhang Y, Ma L, Tan H, Gu Z, Zhao C. Surface-engineered nanogel assemblies with integrated blood compatibility, cell proliferation and antibacterial property: towards multifunctional biomedical membranes. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00870g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the fabrication of multifunctional nanolayers on biomedical membrane surfaces by using LBL self-assembly of nanogels and heparin-like polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hui Qin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lang Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong Tan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
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Uchida S, Itaka K, Nomoto T, Endo T, Matsumoto Y, Ishii T, Kataoka K. An injectable spheroid system with genetic modification for cell transplantation therapy. Biomaterials 2013; 35:2499-506. [PMID: 24388386 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The new methodology to increase a therapeutic potential of cell transplantation was developed here by the use of three-dimensional spheroids of transplanting cells subsequent to the genetic modification with non-viral DNA vectors, polyplex nanomicelles. Particularly, spheroids in regulated size of 100-μm of primary hepatocytes transfected with luciferase gene were formed on the micropatterned culture plates coated with thermosensitive polymer, and were recovered in the form of injectable liquid suspension simply by cooling the plates. After subcutaneously transplanting these hepatocyte spheroids, efficient transgene expression was observed in host tissue for more than a month, whereas transplantation of a single-cell suspension from a monolayer culture resulted in an only transient expression. The spheroid system contributed to the preservation of innate functions of transplanted hepatocytes in the host tissue, such as albumin expression, thereby possessing high potential for expressing transgene. Intravital observation of transplanted cells showed that those from spheroid cultures had a tendency to localize in the vicinity of blood vessels, making a favorable microenvironment for preserving cell functionality. Furthermore, spheroids transfected with erythropoietin-expressing DNA showed a significantly higher hematopoietic effect than that of cell suspensions from monolayer cultures, demonstrating high potential of this genetically-modified spheroid transplantation system for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Uchida
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiji Itaka
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Nomoto
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Endo
- Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yu Matsumoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Ishii
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Division of Clinical Biotechnology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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DeRosa ME, Hong Y, Faris RA, Rao H. Microtextured polystyrene surfaces for three-dimensional cell culture made by a simple solvent treatment method. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. DeRosa
- Science and Technology Division; Corning Incorporated; Corning New York 14831-0001 United States
| | - Yulong Hong
- Science and Technology Division; Corning Incorporated; Corning New York 14831-0001 United States
| | - Ronald A. Faris
- Science and Technology Division; Corning Incorporated; Corning New York 14831-0001 United States
| | - Hongwei Rao
- Science and Technology Division; Corning Incorporated; Corning New York 14831-0001 United States
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Iwase M, Yamada M, Yamada E, Seki M. Formation of Cell Aggregates Using Microfabricated Hydrogel Chambers for Assembly into Larger Tissues. JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS AND MECHATRONICS 2013. [DOI: 10.20965/jrm.2013.p0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a fabrication process for cell aggregates with controlled shapes that can be used as building units for constructing relatively large tissue models. Microfabricated hydrogel-based chambers with non-adhesive surface characteristics were prepared via a micromolding process. Alginate was used as the hydrogel matrix, which facilitated the efficient formation of aggregates from cells retained inside the microchamber. We employed several types of toroidal and lattice-shaped hydrogel microchambers with different geometries. We examined the effect of cell type on the aggregate formation process using NIH-3T3, C2C12, and HepG2 cells and clearly observed that aggregation behavior is highly dependent on cell type. In addition, we tried to construct 2-layered capillarylike tissues by stacking heterotypic toroidal cell aggregates, which mimic blood vessels. The presented cell aggregate-based tissue fabrication process could become a versatile approach for preparing complex and scaffold-free 3D tissue models.
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Ozawa F, Ino K, Arai T, Ramón-Azcón J, Takahashi Y, Shiku H, Matsue T. Alginate gel microwell arrays using electrodeposition for three-dimensional cell culture. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3128-3135. [PMID: 23764965 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50455g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a novel method for fabricating microwell arrays constructed from alginate gels, and the alginate gel microwells were used for three-dimensional (3D) cell culture. The alginate gel microwells were fabricated on a patterned ITO electrode using alginate gel electrodeposition. Embryonic stem (ES) cells or hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were cultured in the alginate gel microwells containing 3T3 cells. During the culture, embryoid bodies (EBs) or HepG2 spheroids were successfully fabricated in the alginate gel microwells. The oxygen consumption of the EBs indicated that they were successfully cultured. Liver-specific gene expressions of the HepG2 spheroids apparently increased by performing 3D co-culture in the microwell arrays with 3T3 cells. These results show that the alginate gel microwells are a useful 3D culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumisato Ozawa
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Rapid fabricating technique for multi-layered human hepatic cell sheets by forceful contraction of the fibroblast monolayer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70970. [PMID: 23923035 PMCID: PMC3724772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell sheet engineering is attracting attention from investigators in various fields, from basic research scientists to clinicians focused on regenerative medicine. However, hepatocytes have a limited proliferation potential in vitro, and it generally takes a several days to form a sheet morphology and multi-layered sheets. We herein report our rapid and efficient technique for generating multi-layered human hepatic cell (HepaRG® cell) sheets using pre-cultured fibroblast monolayers derived from human skin (TIG-118 cells) as a feeder layer on a temperature-responsive culture dish. Multi-layered TIG-118/HepaRG cell sheets with a thick morphology were harvested on day 4 of culturing HepaRG cells by forceful contraction of the TIG-118 cells, and the resulting sheet could be easily handled. In addition, the human albumin and alpha 1-antitrypsin synthesis activities of TIG-118/HepaRG cells were approximately 1.2 and 1.3 times higher than those of HepaRG cells, respectively. Therefore, this technique is considered to be a promising modality for rapidly fabricating multi-layered human hepatocyte sheets from cells with limited proliferation potential, and the engineered cell sheet could be used for cell transplantation with highly specific functions.
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