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Miron RJ, Bohner M, Zhang Y, Bosshardt DD. Osteoinduction and osteoimmunology: Emerging concepts. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:9-26. [PMID: 37658591 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The recognition and importance of immune cells during bone regeneration, including around bone biomaterials, has led to the development of an entire field termed "osteoimmunology," which focuses on the connection and interplay between the skeletal system and immune cells. Most studies have focused on the "osteogenic" capacity of various types of bone biomaterials, and much less focus has been placed on immune cells despite being the first cell type in contact with implantable devices. Thus, the amount of literature generated to date on this topic makes it challenging to extract needed information. This review article serves as a guide highlighting advancements made in the field of osteoimmunology emphasizing the role of the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of biomaterials and their impact on osteoinduction. First, the various immune cell types involved in bone biomaterial integration are discussed, including the prominent role of osteal macrophages (OsteoMacs) during bone regeneration. Thereafter, key biomaterial properties, including topography, wettability, surface charge, and adsorption of cytokines, growth factors, ions, and other bioactive molecules, are discussed in terms of their impact on immune responses. These findings highlight and recognize the importance of the immune system and osteoimmunology, leading to a shift in the traditional models used to understand and evaluate biomaterials for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
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2
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Liu Q, Wei F, Coathup M, Shen W, Wu D. Effect of Porosity and Pore Shape on the Mechanical and Biological Properties of Additively Manufactured Bone Scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301111. [PMID: 37689976 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of porosity and pore shape on the biological and mechanical behavior of additively manufactured scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE). Polylactic acid scaffolds with varying porosity levels (15-78%) and pore shapes, including regular (rectangular pores), gyroid, and diamond (triply periodic minimal surfaces) structures, are fabricated by fused filament fabrication. Murine-derived macrophages and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) are seeded onto the scaffolds. The compressive behavior and surface morphology of the scaffolds are characterized. The results show that scaffolds with 15%, 30%, and 45% porosity display the highest rate of macrophage and hBMSC growth. Gyroid and diamond scaffolds exhibit a higher rate of macrophage proliferation, while diamond scaffolds exhibit a higher rate of hBMSC proliferation. Additionally, gyroid and diamond scaffolds exhibit better compressive behavior compared to regular scaffolds. Of particular note, diamond scaffolds have the highest compressive modulus and strength. Surface morphology characterization indicates that the surface roughness of diamond and gyroid scaffolds is greater than that of regular scaffolds at the same porosity level, which is beneficial for cell attachment and proliferation. This study provides valuable insights into porosity and pore shape selection for additively manufactured scaffolds in BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Dazhong Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
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Lukina Y, Safronova T, Smolentsev D, Toshev O. Calcium Phosphate Cements as Carriers of Functional Substances for the Treatment of Bone Tissue. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4017. [PMID: 37297151 PMCID: PMC10254876 DOI: 10.3390/ma16114017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Interest in calcium phosphate cements as materials for the restoration and treatment of bone tissue defects is still high. Despite commercialization and use in the clinic, the calcium phosphate cements have great potential for development. Existing approaches to the production of calcium phosphate cements as drugs are analyzed. A description of the pathogenesis of the main diseases of bone tissue (trauma, osteomyelitis, osteoporosis and tumor) and effective common treatment strategies are presented in the review. An analysis of the modern understanding of the complex action of the cement matrix and the additives and drugs distributed in it in relation to the successful treatment of bone defects is given. The mechanisms of biological action of functional substances determine the effectiveness of use in certain clinical cases. An important direction of using calcium phosphate cements as a carrier of functional substances is the volumetric incorporation of anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antiresorptive and osteogenic functional substances. The main functionalization requirement for carrier materials is prolonged elution. Various release factors related to the matrix, functional substances and elution conditions are considered in the work. It is shown that cements are a complex system. Changing one of the many initial parameters in a wide range changes the final characteristics of the matrix and, accordingly, the kinetics. The main approaches to the effective functionalization of calcium phosphate cements are considered in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Lukina
- National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics Named after N.N. Priorov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Priorova 10, 127299 Moscow, Russia;
- Faculty of Digital Technologies and Chemical Engineering, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Safronova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 3, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 73, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Dmitriiy Smolentsev
- National Medical Research Center for Traumatology and Orthopedics Named after N.N. Priorov, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Priorova 10, 127299 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Otabek Toshev
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Building 73, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Mirkhalaf M, Men Y, Wang R, No Y, Zreiqat H. Personalized 3D printed bone scaffolds: A review. Acta Biomater 2023; 156:110-124. [PMID: 35429670 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
3D printed bone scaffolds have the potential to replace autografts and allografts because of advantages such as unlimited supply and the ability to tailor the scaffolds' biochemical, biological and biophysical properties. Significant progress has been made over the past decade in additive manufacturing techniques to 3D print bone grafts, but challenges remain in the lack of manufacturing techniques that can recapitulate both mechanical and biological functions of native bones. The purpose of this review is to outline the recent progress and challenges of engineering an ideal synthetic bone scaffold and to provide suggestions for overcoming these challenges through bioinspiration, high-resolution 3D printing, and advanced modeling techniques. The article provides a short overview of the progress in developing the 3D printed scaffolds for the repair and regeneration of critical size bone defects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Treatment of critical size bone defects is still a tremendous clinical challenge. To address this challenge, diverse sets of advanced manufacturing approaches and materials have been developed for bone tissue scaffolds. 3D printing has sparked much interest because it provides a close control over the scaffold's internal architecture and in turn its mechanical and biological properties. This article provides a critical overview of the relationships between material compositions, printing techniques, and properties of the scaffolds and discusses the current technical challenges facing their successful translation to the clinic. Bioinspiration, high-resolution printing, and advanced modeling techniques are discussed as future directions to address the current challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirkhalaf
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St., Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia.
| | - Yinghui Men
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rui Wang
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Young No
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Ding Z, Zreiqat H, Mirkhalaf M. Rationally-designed self-shaped ceramics through heterogeneous green body compositions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2762-2772. [PMID: 35983874 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00785a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Forming ceramics into rationally-designed and complex shapes without compromising their mechanical properties is a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate self-shaping of ceramics through sequential stereolithographic printing of ceramic resins into components with a heterogeneous concentration of ceramic particles, resulting in well-defined anisotropic shrinkage and, consequently, shape changes during sintering. The method is versatile and scalable and results in well-controlled shape changes in ceramics through bending, folding, twisting, and combinations of these mechanisms. The density measurements and mechanical tests show that the stresses resulting from the self-shaping mechanisms do not significantly affect the physical and mechanical properties of the ceramics. Together with the experiments, we developed a material- and scale-independent mechanical model based on linear elasticity that predicted shape changes accurately. The model can serve as a design tool to guide the selection of particle concentrations to realize the desired shapes in a broad range of ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Ding
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Hala Zreiqat
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mohammad Mirkhalaf
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George St Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Innovative Bioengineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4)-Based Bioceramics: Preparation, Properties, and Applications. COATINGS 2022; 12:1380. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Various types of materials have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A short time later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. Bioceramics can be prepared from diverse inorganic substances, but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-based formulations only, due to its chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 50 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the CaPO4-based implants would remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they would be resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed, and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now, CaPO4-based scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are usually porous and harbor various biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of CaPO4-based bioceramics include artificial bone grafts, bone augmentations, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, and periodontal disease repairs, as well as bone fillers after tumor surgery. Prospective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because CaPO4 appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides, and various types of cells.
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Moradi N, Kaviani S, Soufizomorrod M, Hosseinzadeh S, Soleimani M. Preparation of poly(acrylic acid)/tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles scaffold: Characterization and releasing UC-MSCs derived exosomes for bone differentiation. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 13:425-438. [PMID: 37736343 PMCID: PMC10509736 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.24142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This study focused on preparing a multiscale three-dimensional (3D) scaffold using tricalcium phosphate nanoparticles (triCaPNPs) in a substrate of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) polymer for controlled release of exosomes in bone tissue engineering. Methods A scaffold was fabricated with a material mixture containing acrylic acid (AA) monomer, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA), ammonium persulfate (APS), sodium bicarbonate (SBC), and triCaPNPs called composite scaffold (PAA/triCaPNPs) via cross-linking and freeze-drying methods. The synthesis process was easy and without complex multi-steps. Through mimicking the hybrid (organic-inorganic) structure of the bone matrix, we here chose triCaPNPs for incorporation into the PAA polymer. After assessing the physicochemical properties of the scaffold, the interaction of the scaffold with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) such as attachment, proliferation, and differentiation to osteoblast cells was evaluated. In addition, we used DiI-labeled exosomes to verify the exosome entrapment and release from the scaffold. Results The polymerization reaction of 3D scaffold was successful. Based on results of physicochemical properties, the presence of nanoparticles in the composite scaffold enhanced the mechanical stiffness, boosted the porosity with a larger pore size range, and offered better hydrophilicity, all of which would contribute to greater cell penetration, proliferation, and then better bone differentiation. In addition, our results indicated that our scaffold could take up and release exosomes, where the exosomes released from it could significantly enhance the osteogenic commitment of UC-MSCs. Conclusion The current research is the first study fabricating a multiscale scaffold using triCaPNPs in the substrate of PPA polymer using a cross-linker and freeze-drying process. This scaffold could mimic the nanoscale structure and chemical combination of native bone minerals. In addition, our results suggest that the PAA/triCaPNPs scaffold could be beneficial to achieve controlled exosome release for exosome-based therapy in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Moradi
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Kaviani
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Soufizomorrod
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bohner M, Maazouz Y, Ginebra MP, Habibovic P, Schoenecker JG, Seeherman H, van den Beucken JJ, Witte F. Sustained local ionic homeostatic imbalance caused by calcification modulates inflammation to trigger heterotopic ossification. Acta Biomater 2022; 145:1-24. [PMID: 35398267 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a condition triggered by an injury leading to the formation of mature lamellar bone in extraskeletal soft tissues. Despite being a frequent complication of orthopedic and trauma surgery, brain and spinal injury, the etiology of HO is poorly understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis that a sustained local ionic homeostatic imbalance (SLIHI) created by mineral formation during tissue calcification modulates inflammation to trigger HO. This evaluation also considers the role SLIHI could play for the design of cell-free, drug-free osteoinductive bone graft substitutes. The evaluation contains five main sections. The first section defines relevant concepts in the context of HO and provides a summary of proposed causes of HO. The second section starts with a detailed analysis of the occurrence and involvement of calcification in HO. It is followed by an explanation of the causes of calcification and its consequences. This allows to speculate on the potential chemical modulators of inflammation and triggers of HO. The end of this second section is devoted to in vitro mineralization tests used to predict the ectopic potential of materials. The third section reviews the biological cascade of events occurring during pathological and material-induced HO, and attempts to propose a quantitative timeline of HO formation. The fourth section looks at potential ways to control HO formation, either acting on SLIHI or on inflammation. Chemical, physical, and drug-based approaches are considered. Finally, the evaluation finishes with a critical assessment of the definition of osteoinduction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The ability to regenerate bone in a spatially controlled and reproducible manner is an essential prerequisite for the treatment of large bone defects. As such, understanding the mechanism leading to heterotopic ossification (HO), a condition triggered by an injury leading to the formation of mature lamellar bone in extraskeletal soft tissues, would be very useful. Unfortunately, the mechanism(s) behind HO is(are) poorly understood. The present study reviews the literature on HO and based on it, proposes that HO can be caused by a combination of inflammation and calcification. This mechanism helps to better understand current strategies to prevent and treat HO. It also shows new opportunities to improve the treatment of bone defects in orthopedic and dental procedures.
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Raymond Y, Lehmann C, Thorel E, Benitez R, Riveiro A, Pou J, Manzanares MC, Franch J, Canal C, Ginebra MP. 3D printing with star-shaped strands: A new approach to enhance in vivo bone regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212807. [PMID: 35929234 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Concave surfaces have shown to promote bone regeneration in vivo. However, bone scaffolds obtained by direct ink writing, one of the most promising approaches for the fabrication of personalized bone grafts, consist mostly of convex surfaces, since they are obtained by microextrusion of cylindrical strands. By modifying the geometry of the nozzle, it is possible to print 3D structures composed of non-cylindrical strands and favor the presence of concave surfaces. In this work, we compare the in vivo performance of 3D-printed calcium phosphate scaffolds with either conventional cylindrical strands or star-shaped strands, in a rabbit femoral condyle model. Monocortical defects, drilled in contralateral positions, are randomly grafted with the two scaffold configurations, with identical composition. The samples are explanted eight weeks post-surgery and assessed by μ-CT and resin-embedded histological observations. The results reveal that the scaffolds containing star-shaped strands have better osteoconductive properties, guiding the newly formed bone faster towards the core of the scaffolds, and enhance bone regeneration, although the increase is not statistically significant (p > 0.05). This new approach represents a turning point towards the optimization of pore shape in 3D-printed bone grafts, further boosting the possibilities that direct ink writing technology offers for patient-specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Raymond
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Mimetis Biomaterials S.L., Carrer de Cartagena, 245, 3F, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cyril Lehmann
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilie Thorel
- Mimetis Biomaterials S.L., Carrer de Cartagena, 245, 3F, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raúl Benitez
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), 39-57, 08950 Esplugues del Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Antonio Riveiro
- Department of Materials Engineering, Applied Mechanics and Construction, University of Vigo (UVigo), EEI, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Juan Pou
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Vigo (UVigo), EEI, Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Maria-Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Jordi Franch
- Bone Healing Group, Small Animal Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Cristina Canal
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal, 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Effects of ultraviolet irradiation on beta-tricalcium phosphate as a bone graft substitute. Odontology 2022; 110:682-696. [PMID: 35332382 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00704-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification of various materials using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation improves their wettability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the wettability of a β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) surface and the composition changes and bioactivity of β-TCP after UV irradiation. We applied 172 nm UV treatment to a β-TCP surface and measured the contact angle before and after UV irradiation. Energy-dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examinations were performed on the β-TCP disk with or without UV treatment. In an adhesion test of bone marrow cells using β-TCP disks with and without UV irradiation, cell attachment was measured 10, 30, 50, and 70 h after β-TCP insertion. UV-irradiated β-TCP osteogenesis and absorption of bone substitutes were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in a rabbit sinus model. The contact angle on the TCP surface decreased from 70° to 10° owing to UV irradiation. Conversely, UV irradiation did not change the composition of carbon, oxygen, and phosphorus. In the cell adhesion test, UV-irradiated β-TCP significantly increased cell adhesion compared with UV-unirradiated β-TCP after 10 to 30 h of culture. In the rabbit sinus model, TRAP staining showed that UV-irradiated β-TCP significantly increased the number of TRAP-positive cells compared with unirradiated β-TCP granules in the central part of β-TCP. Our results indicate that the UV irradiation of β-TCP improves its clinical utility for surgical bone augmentation in the oral and maxillofacial region.
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Vadaye Kheiry E, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Kerachian MA. Implantation of stem cells on synthetic or biological scaffolds: an overview of bone regeneration. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2021; 37:238-268. [PMID: 34789069 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2021.2003590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to a wide range of bone tissue injuries. In severe cases, bone damages could be only treated with transplantation of autologous or allogeneic grafting.In recent years, tissue engineering has become a promising strategy for repairing damaged organs and tissues, providing a great opportunity to cure several diseases. Bone tissue engineering consists of three components: scaffold, cells, and growth factors. Current bone tissue engineering strategies combine the use of stem cells with biologically active materials and gene therapy to mimic the natural microenvironment of bone. The combination of the scaffold with growth factors and extracellular matrix protein molecules can promote cell attachment, proliferation, and induce osteogenesis, which could provide signals for cell migration to begin the healing process during repair and bone formation.This article reviews the principles of bone regeneration and the most current developments of bone tissue engineering related to bone growth factors, the biologically active materials, such as bacterial cellulose, and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Vadaye Kheiry
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Kerachian
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Li J, Chong YT, Teng CP, Liu J, Wang F. Microporosity mediated proliferation of preosteoblast cells on 3D printed bone scaffolds. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Ting Chong
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore Singapore
| | - Choon Peng Teng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore Singapore
| | - Jinyan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangdong Key Lab of Medical Electronic Instruments and Polymer Material Products Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - FuKe Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore Singapore
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Kim SY, Lee YJ, Cho WT, Hwang SH, Heo SC, Kim HJ, Huh JB. Preliminary Animal Study on Bone Formation Ability of Commercialized Particle-Type Bone Graft with Increased Operability by Hydrogel. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164464. [PMID: 34442986 PMCID: PMC8399214 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone-generating ability of a new bovine-derived xenograft (S1-XB) containing hydrogel. For control purposes, we used Bio-Oss and Bone-XB bovine-derived xenografts. S1-XB was produced by mixing Bone-XB and hydrogel. Cell proliferation and differentiation studies were performed to assess cytotoxicities and cell responses. For in vivo study, 8 mm-sized cranial defects were formed in 16 rats, and then the bone substitutes were transplanted into defect sites in the four study groups, that is, a Bio-Oss group, a Bone-XB group, an S1-XB group, and a control (all n = 4); in the control group defects were left empty. Eight weeks after surgery, new bone formation areas were measured histomorphometrically. In the cell study, extracts of Bio-Oss, Bone-XB, and S1-XB showed good results in terms of the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and no cytotoxic reaction was evident. No significant difference was observed between mean new bone areas in the Bio-Oss (36.93 ± 4.27%), Bone-XB (35.07 ± 3.23%), and S1-XB (30.80 ± 6.41%) groups, but new bone area was significantly smaller in the control group (18.73 ± 5.59%) (p < 0.05). Bovine-derived bone graft material containing hydrogel (S1-XB) had a better cellular response and an osteogenic effect similar to Bio-Oss.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - You-Jin Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (W.-T.C.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Won-Tak Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (W.-T.C.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Su-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (W.-T.C.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Soon-Chul Heo
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-J.K.); (J.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-10-6326-4189 (H.-J.K.); +82-10-8007-9099 (J.-B.H.); Fax: +82-55-510-8208 (H.-J.K.); +82-55-360-5134 (J.-B.H.)
| | - Jung-Bo Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (W.-T.C.); (S.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: (H.-J.K.); (J.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-10-6326-4189 (H.-J.K.); +82-10-8007-9099 (J.-B.H.); Fax: +82-55-510-8208 (H.-J.K.); +82-55-360-5134 (J.-B.H.)
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14
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Dall'Ava L, Hothi H, Henckel J, Di Laura A, Tirabosco R, Eskelinen A, Skinner J, Hart A. Osseointegration of retrieved 3D-printed, off-the-shelf acetabular implants. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:388-400. [PMID: 34235940 PMCID: PMC8333029 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.107.bjr-2020-0462.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims The main advantage of 3D-printed, off-the-shelf acetabular implants is the potential to promote enhanced bony fixation due to their controllable porous structure. In this study we investigated the extent of osseointegration in retrieved 3D-printed acetabular implants. Methods We compared two groups, one made via 3D-printing (n = 7) and the other using conventional techniques (n = 7). We collected implant details, type of surgery and removal technique, patient demographics, and clinical history. Bone integration was assessed by macroscopic visual analysis, followed by sectioning to allow undecalcified histology on eight sections (~200 µm) for each implant. The outcome measures considered were area of bone attachment (%), extent of bone ingrowth (%), bone-implant contact (%), and depth of ingrowth (%), and these were quantified using a line-intercept method. Results The two groups were matched for patient sex, age (61 and 63 years), time to revision (30 and 41 months), implant size (54 mm and 52 mm), and porosity (72% and 60%) (p > 0.152). There was no difference in visual bony attachment (p = 0.209). Histological analysis showed greater bone ingrowth in 3D-printed implants (p < 0.001), with mean bone attachment of 63% (SD 28%) and 37% (SD 20%), respectively. This was observed for all the outcome measures. Conclusion This was the first study to investigate osseointegration in retrieved 3D-printed acetabular implants. Greater bone ingrowth was found in 3D-printed implants, suggesting that better osseointegration can be achieved. However, the influence of specific surgeon, implant, and patient factors needs to be considered. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(7):388–400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Dall'Ava
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Stanmore, UK
| | - Harry Hothi
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - Johann Henckel
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - Anna Di Laura
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - Roberto Tirabosco
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | | | - John Skinner
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - Alister Hart
- Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Stanmore, UK.,Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
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15
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Iviglia G, Torre E, Cassinelli C, Morra M. Functionalization with a Polyphenol-Rich Pomace Extract Empowers a Ceramic Bone Filler with In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Pro-Osteogenic Properties. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12020031. [PMID: 34063147 PMCID: PMC8167574 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases and periodontitis in particular are a major health burden worldwide, because of their association with various systemic diseases and with conditions such as peri-implantitis. Attempts have been made over the years to reverse bone loss due to the host disproportionate inflammatory response and to prevent failure of dental implants. To this end, the use of biomaterials functionalized with molecules characterized by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties could represent a new frontier for regenerating functional periodontal tissues. In this study, a new ceramic granulated biomaterial, named Synergoss Red (SR), functionalized with a polyphenolic mixture extracted from pomace of the Croatina grape variety, is introduced. Following a preliminary in-depth characterization of the extract by HPLC analysis and of the biomaterial surface and composition, we performed evaluations of cytocompatibility and a biological response through in vitro assays. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the identified phenolic molecules contained in SR were shown to downregulate inflammation in macrophages, to stimulate in osteoblast-like cells the expression of genes involved in deposition of the early bone matrix, and to mitigate bone remodeling by decreasing the RANKL/OPG ratio. Thanks to its cytocompatibility and assorted beneficial effects on bone regeneration, SR could be considered an innovative regenerative approach in periodontal therapy.
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16
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Hayashi K, Ishikawa K. Effects of nanopores on the mechanical strength, osteoclastogenesis, and osteogenesis in honeycomb scaffolds. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:8536-8545. [PMID: 32822446 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01498b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The scaffold chemical composition and pore architecture are critical for successful bone regeneration. Although the effects of chemical composition, micron-scale pores, and macropores (≥100 μm) are known, those of nanometer-scale pores (nanopores) are unknown. Here, honeycomb scaffolds (HCSs) composed of carbonate apatite and bone mineral, were fabricated with three distinct nanopore volumes, while other parameters were comparable between HCSs. Their compressive strengths and nanopore volumes linearly correlated. The HCSs were implanted into critical-sized bone defects (CSDs) in the rabbit femur distal epiphyses. The nanopore volume affected both osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis. HCSs with nanopore volumes of ≥0.15 cm3 g-1 promoted osteoclastogenesis, contributing to bone maturation and bone formation within 4 weeks. However, HCSs with nanopore volumes of 0.07 cm3 g-1 promoted significantly less bone maturation and neoformation. Nevertheless, HCSs with nanopore volumes of ≥0.18 cm3 g-1 did not undergo continuous bone regeneration throughout the 12 week period due to excessive osteoclastogenesis, which favored HCS resorption over bone neoformation. When the nanopore volume was 0.15 cm3 g-1, osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis progressed harmonically, resulting in HCS replacement with new bone. Our results demonstrate that the nanopore volume is critical for controlling osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis. These insights may help establish a coherent strategy for developing scaffolds for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Kunio Ishikawa
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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17
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Lu T, He F, Ye J. Physicochemical Properties, In Vitro Degradation, and Biocompatibility of Calcium Phosphate Cement Incorporating Poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) Particles with Different Morphologies: A Comparative Study. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8322-8331. [PMID: 33817492 PMCID: PMC8015133 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is one of the most promising synthetic biomaterials for bone defect repair, but its low degradation rate and the lack of macropores restrict its repair effect. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is commonly used as an in situ pore forming agent in CPC, and the morphology of PLGA would affect the properties of CPC. In this study, three kinds of PLGA particles with different morphologies, including dense PLGA microspheres, dense milled PLGA particles with an irregular shape, and porous PLGA microspheres, were respectively incorporated into CPC matrix. The influences of the morphology of PLGA particles on the setting time, porosity, mechanical properties, in vitro degradation, and cytocompatibility of CPC were comparatively investigated. The results showed that the CPC composites containing dense spherical and irregularly shaped PLGA particles showed proper setting time and better compressive strength, but the CPC composite incorporating porous PLGA microspheres significantly prolonged the final setting time and dramatically decreased the compressive strength of CPC. The CPC composite containing irregularly shaped PLGA particles has shown a slightly faster in vitro degradation rate than that containing dense PLGA microspheres. In addition, the CPC composites containing dense PLGA particles were beneficial for cell proliferation. Taken together, the dense PLGA particles are suitable for use as in situ pore forming agents in the CPC matrix, and meanwhile, the dense irregularly shaped PLGA particles are more easily prepared with low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teliang Lu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Materials of Ministry of Education, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province and Innovation
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Fupo He
- School
of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong
University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of Biomedical
Materials of Ministry of Education, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National
Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key
Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Guangdong Province and Innovation
Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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18
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Cun X, Hosta-Rigau L. Topography: A Biophysical Approach to Direct the Fate of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2070. [PMID: 33092104 PMCID: PMC7590059 DOI: 10.3390/nano10102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising strategy to treat tissue and organ loss or damage caused by injury or disease. During the past two decades, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted a tremendous amount of interest in tissue engineering due to their multipotency and self-renewal ability. MSCs are also the most multipotent stem cells in the human adult body. However, the application of MSCs in tissue engineering is relatively limited because it is difficult to guide their differentiation toward a specific cell lineage by using traditional biochemical factors. Besides biochemical factors, the differentiation of MSCs also influenced by biophysical cues. To this end, much effort has been devoted to directing the cell lineage decisions of MSCs through adjusting the biophysical properties of biomaterials. The surface topography of the biomaterial-based scaffold can modulate the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. Presently, the development of micro- and nano-fabrication techniques has made it possible to control the surface topography of the scaffold precisely. In this review, we highlight and discuss how the main topographical features (i.e., roughness, patterns, and porosity) are an efficient approach to control the fate of MSCs and the application of topography in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- DTU Health Tech, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, Nils Koppels Allé, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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19
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Grue BH, Vincent LC, Kreplak L, Veres SP. Alternate soaking enables easy control of mineralized collagen scaffold mechanics from nano- to macro-scale. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103863. [PMID: 32957181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biologic scaffolds are critical to cellular interactions and hence functional response within the body. In the case of scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration, engineered scaffolds created by combining collagen with inorganic mineral are increasingly being explored, due to their favourable structural and chemical characteristics. Development of a method for controlling the mechanics of these scaffolds could lead to significant additional advantages by harnessing the intrinsic mechnotransduction pathways of stem cells via appropriate control of scaffold mechanical properties. Here we present a method for controlling the macroscale flexural modulus of mineralized collagen sheets, and the radial indentation modulus of the sheets' constituent collagen fibrils. Scaffolds were created starting with sheets of highly aligned, natively structured collagen fibrils, prepared via cryosectioning of decellularized tendon. Sheets underwent an alternate soaking mineralization procedure, with sequential exposure to citrate-doped calcium and carbonate-containing phosphate solutions, both of which included poly aspartic acid. The extent of scaffold mineralization was controlled via number of repeated mineralization cycles: 0 (unmineralized), 5, 10, and 20 cycles were trialed. Following scaffold preparation, ultrastructure, macroscale flexural modulus, and nanoscale indentation modulus were assessed. Surface architecture studied by SEM, and inspection of individual extracted fibrils by TEM and AFM confirmed that fibrils became increasingly laden with mineral as the number of mineralization cycles increased. Measurements of collagen fibril nanomechanics using AFM showed that the radial modulus of collagen fibrils increased linearly with mineralization cycles completed, from 215 ± 125 MPa for fibrils from unmineralized (0 cycle) scaffolds to 778 ± 302 MPa for fibrils from the 20 mineralization cycle scaffolds. Measurements of scaffold macromechanics via flexural testing also showed a linear increase in flexural modulus with increasing number of mineralization cycles completed, from 18 ± 7 MPa for the 5 cycle scaffolds to 156 ± 50 MPa for the 20 cycle scaffolds. The process detailed herein provides a way to create mineralized collagen scaffolds with easily controllable mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan H Grue
- Division of Engineering, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Luke C Vincent
- Division of Engineering, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Laurent Kreplak
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Samuel P Veres
- Division of Engineering, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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20
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Veronesi F, Maglio M, Brogini S, Fini M. In vivo studies on osteoinduction: A systematic review on animal models, implant site, and type and postimplantation investigation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1834-1866. [PMID: 32297695 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal diseases involving loss of tissue usually require management with bone grafts, among which autografts are still the gold standard. To overcome autograft disadvantages, the development of new scaffolds is constantly increasing, as well as the number of in vivo studies evaluating their osteoinductivity in ectopic sites. The aim of the present systematic review is to evaluate the last 10 years of osteoinduction in vivo studies. The review is focused on: (a) which type of animal model is most suitable for osteoinduction evaluation; (b) what are the most used types of scaffolds; (c) what kind of post-explant evaluation is most used. Through three websites (www.pubmed.com, www.webofknowledge.com and www.embase.com), 77 in vivo studies were included. Fifty-eight studies were conducted in small animal models (rodents) and 19 in animals of medium or large size (rabbits, dogs, goats, sheep, and minipigs). Despite the difficulty in establishing the most suitable animal model for osteoinductivity studies, small animals (in particular mice) are the most utilized. Intramuscular implantation is more frequent than subcutis, especially in large animals, and synthetic scaffolds (especially CaP ceramics) are preferred than natural ones, also in combination with cells and growth factors. Paraffin histology and histomorphometric evaluations are usually employed for postimplantation analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Veronesi
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania Maglio
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Brogini
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
| | - Milena Fini
- IRCCS-Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Preclinical and Surgical Studies, Bologna, Italy
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21
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Lett JA, Sagadevan S, Shahnavaz Z, Latha MB, Alagarswamy K, Hossain MAM, Mohammad F, Johan MR. Exploration of gum ghatti-modified porous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05575d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the tissue engineering principles, the formed hydroxyl apatite-modified gum ghatti biomaterial with its porous nature, biocompatibility, and efficient mechanical properties can be potential for the bone repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Anita Lett
- Department of Physics
- Satyabhama Institute of Science and Technology
- Chennai-600 119
- India
| | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur 50603
- Malaysia
| | - Zohreh Shahnavaz
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur 50603
- Malaysia
| | - Muthiah Bavani Latha
- Department of Biotechnology
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology
- Chennai-600 119
- India
| | - Karthick Alagarswamy
- Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
- Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology
- Chennai-600 119
- India
| | - M. A. Motalib Hossain
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur 50603
- Malaysia
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Surfactants Research Chair
- Department of Chemistry
- College of Science
- King Saud University
- Riyadh 11451
| | - Mohd Rafie Johan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre
- University of Malaya
- Kuala Lumpur 50603
- Malaysia
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22
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Kim SY, Bae EB, Huh JW, Ahn JJ, Bae HY, Cho WT, Huh JB. Bone Regeneration Using a Three-Dimensional Hexahedron Channeled BCP Block Combined with Bone Morphogenic Protein-2 in Rat Calvarial Defects. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12152435. [PMID: 31370160 PMCID: PMC6696350 DOI: 10.3390/ma12152435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is important to obtain sufficient bone mass before implant placement on alveolar bone, and synthetic bone such as biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) has been studied to secure this. This study used a BCP block bone with a specific structure of the three-dimensional (3D) hexahedron channel and coating with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) impregnated carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used to examine the enhancement of bone regeneration of this biomaterial in rat calvarial defect. After the preparation of critical-size calvarial defects in fifteen rats, defects were divided into three groups and were implanted with the assigned specimen (n = 5): Boneplant (untreated 3D hexahedron channeled BCP block), Boneplant/CMC (3D hexahedron channeled BCP block coated with CMC), and Boneplant/CMC/BMP (3D hexahedron channeled BCP block coated with CMC containing rhBMP-2). After 4 weeks, the volumetric, histologic, and histometric analyses were conducted to measure the newly formed bone. Histologically, defects in the Boneplant/CMC/BMP group were almost completely filled with new bone compared to the Boneplant and Boneplant/CMC groups. The new bone volume (P < 0.05) and area (P < 0.001) in the Boneplant/CMC/BMP group (20.12% ± 2.17, 33.79% ± 3.66) were much greater than those in the Boneplant (10.77% ± 4.8, 16.48% ± 9.11) and Boneplant/CMC (10.72% ± 3.29, 16.57% ± 8.94) groups, respectively. In conclusion, the 3D hexahedron channeled BCP block adapted rhBMP-2 with carrier CMC showed high possibility as an effective bone graft material.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Eun-Bin Bae
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jae-Woong Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Seroun Dental Clinic, Suyeong-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48445, Korea
| | - Jong-Ju Ahn
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Bae
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Won-Tak Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jung-Bo Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Research Institute, Dental and Life Science Institute, BK21 PLUS Project, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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23
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Kakuta A, Tanaka T, Chazono M, Komaki H, Kitasato S, Inagaki N, Akiyama S, Marumo K. Effects of micro-porosity and local BMP-2 administration on bioresorption of β-TCP and new bone formation. Biomater Res 2019; 23:12. [PMID: 31372237 PMCID: PMC6660686 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-019-0161-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that the microporous structure of calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics is important to osteoconduction. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been shown to be a promising alternative to bone grafting and a therapeutic agent promoting bone regeneration when delivered locally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of micro-porosity within beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) cylinders and local BMP-2 administration on β-TCP resorption and new bone formation. Methods Bilateral cylindrical bone defects were created in rabbit distal femora, and the defects were filled with β-TCP. Rabbits were divided into 3 groups; defects were filled with a β-TCP cylinder with a total of approximately 60% porosity (Group A: 13.4% micro- and 46.9% macropore, Group B: 38.5% micro- and 20.3% macropore, Group C: the same micro- and macro-porosity as in group B supplemented with BMP-2). Rabbits were sacrificed 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks postoperatively. Results The number of TRAP-positive cells and new bone formation in group B were significantly greater than those in group A at every period. The amount of residual β-TCP in group C was less than that in group B at all time periods, resulting in significantly more new bone formation in group C at 8 and 12 weeks. The number of TRAP-positive cells in group C was maximum at 4 weeks. Conclusions These results suggest that the amount of submicron microporous structure and local BMP-2 administration accelerated both osteoclastic resorption of β-TCP and new bone formation, probably through a coupling-like phenomenon between resorption and new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhito Kakuta
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0003 Japan
| | - Takaaki Tanaka
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0003 Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NHO Utsunomiya National Hospital, 2160 Shimo-Okamoto, Utsunomiya City, Tochigi 329-1193 Japan
| | - Masaaki Chazono
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0003 Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NHO Utsunomiya National Hospital, 2160 Shimo-Okamoto, Utsunomiya City, Tochigi 329-1193 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Komaki
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0003 Japan
| | - Seiichiro Kitasato
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0003 Japan
| | - Naoya Inagaki
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0003 Japan
| | - Shoshi Akiyama
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0003 Japan
| | - Keishi Marumo
- 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-0003 Japan
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24
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Coathup M, Campion C, Blunn G. A carboxymethyl cellulose bone graft carrier delays early bone healing in an ovine model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2019; 108:612-618. [PMID: 31112008 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A limitation in the use of calcium phosphate (CaP) is that in its raw form, it comprises blocks or granules, which are limited in their utility for orthopedic surgery and a number of commercial bone grafts are supplied within an aqueous based carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) putty. Our hypothesis was that CMC combined with a porous silicate-substituted CaP (SiCaP) scaffold would have no negative effect on bone formation after implantation in an ovine femoral condyle. Defects were either (a) empty or filled with (b) SiCaP granules, (c) CMC-SiCaP Putty or (d) a SiCaP press-fit dry block. Scaffolds were identical in composition and remained in vivo for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Bone apposition rates, bone area, percentage of bone-implant contact and graft area were quantified. At 4 and 8 weeks, significantly more new bone and percentage of bone-implant contact was measured within granules when compared with both putty and block scaffolds. At 12 weeks, significantly increased bone was measured for the granules when compared with blocks and no significant difference was found when the granules and putty scaffolds were compared. Results showed the disadvantageous effect that CMC may have on early bone growth and that granules increased new bone formation when compared with a press-fit block composed of the same material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Coathup
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK
| | - Charlie Campion
- Department of Research and Development, ApaTech Ltd, Baxter Healthcare, Elstree, Herts, UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, The Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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25
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Barba A, Diez-Escudero A, Espanol M, Bonany M, Sadowska JM, Guillem-Marti J, Öhman-Mägi C, Persson C, Manzanares MC, Franch J, Ginebra MP. Impact of Biomimicry in the Design of Osteoinductive Bone Substitutes: Nanoscale Matters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:8818-8830. [PMID: 30740968 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b20749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bone apatite consists of carbonated calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) nanocrystals. Biomimetic routes allow fabricating synthetic bone grafts that mimic biological apatite. In this work, we explored the role of two distinctive features of biomimetic apatites, namely, nanocrystal morphology (plate vs needle-like crystals) and carbonate content, on the bone regeneration potential of CDHA scaffolds in an in vivo canine model. Both ectopic bone formation and scaffold degradation were drastically affected by the nanocrystal morphology after intramuscular implantation. Fine-CDHA foams with needle-like nanocrystals, comparable in size to bone mineral, showed a markedly higher osteoinductive potential and a superior degradation than chemically identical coarse-CDHA foams with larger plate-shaped crystals. These findings correlated well with the superior bone-healing capacity showed by the fine-CDHA scaffolds when implanted intraosseously. Moreover, carbonate doping of CDHA, which resulted in small plate-shaped nanocrystals, accelerated both the intrinsic osteoinduction and the bone healing capacity, and significantly increased the cell-mediated resorption. These results suggest that tuning the chemical composition and the nanostructural features may allow the material to enter the physiological bone remodeling cycle, promoting a tight synchronization between scaffold degradation and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Barba
- Bone Healing Group, Small Animal Surgery Department, Veterinary School , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Caroline Öhman-Mägi
- Materials in Medicine Group, Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences , Uppsala University , 751 21 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Materials in Medicine Group, Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences , Uppsala University , 751 21 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Maria-Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics , Universitat de Barcelona , L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Jordi Franch
- Bone Healing Group, Small Animal Surgery Department, Veterinary School , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST) , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
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26
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Bolger C, Jones D, Czop S. Evaluation of an increased strut porosity silicate-substituted calcium phosphate, SiCaP EP, as a synthetic bone graft substitute in spinal fusion surgery: a prospective, open-label study. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 28:1733-1742. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-05926-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Silicate-substituted calcium phosphate-enhanced porosity (SiCaP EP, Inductigraft™, Altapore) is a synthetic bone graft material with enhanced strut porosity of 31–47%. SiCaP EP remains to be fully clinically evaluated in patients undergoing instrumented posterolateral fusion (PLF) surgery. We conducted a prospective, open-label, non-randomised, multicentre clinical study to evaluate efficacy of SiCaP EP as bone grafting material in PLF surgery with instrumentation for treatment of spinal disorders.
Methods
Patients with degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis or spinal stenosis underwent PLF surgery with SiCaP EP. The primary endpoint was evaluated in the per protocol population (N = 102) as solid fusion at postoperative month 12 assessed using computed tomography scans, with motion assessed using flexion–extension radiographs. Clinical outcomes included the Oswestry Disability Index, 36-item short-form health survey for quality-of-life, visual analog scale for pain scores and neurological assessments. Adverse events were recorded.
Results
Successful fusion was achieved in 59/89 (66.3%) patients at month 6, 88/102 patients (86.3%) at month 12 (primary endpoint) and 87/96 (90.6%) patients at month 24. Disability and pain reduced following surgery. Quality-of-life improved and neurological function was maintained postoperatively. Forty-three (33.3%) of the 129 patients who underwent surgery experienced adverse events; back pain was most frequent (n = 10); nine and 14 patients experienced serious adverse events judged related to device and procedure, respectively.
Conclusions
Enhanced strut porosity SiCaP EP provided high (month 12: 86.3%) spinal fusion success rates in PLF surgery. Fusion success was associated with improved clinical outcomes in patients within 12 months, relative to baseline.
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT01452022
Graphical abstract
These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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27
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Shirdar MR, Farajpour N, Shahbazian-Yassar R, Shokuhfar T. Nanocomposite materials in orthopedic applications. Front Chem Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-018-1764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Liu F, Liu Y, Li X, Wang X, Li D, Chung S, Chen C, Lee IS. Osteogenesis of 3D printed macro-pore size biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold in rabbit calvaria. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:1168-1177. [PMID: 30665312 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218825177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the osteogenesis of macro-pore sized bone scaffolds, biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds with accurately controlled macro-pore size (0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 mm) and identical porosity of 70% were fabricated by the 3D printing technology. Eight New Zealand rabbits were selected in the present study, while four 8-mm-diameter calvarial defects were created in each rabbit to place BCP scaffolds with different macro-pore size. The harvested specimens of four and eight weeks were used to evaluate the bone forming ability by micro CT and histological examination. All 3D-printed BCP scaffolds exhibited excellent mechanical properties and had better bone-forming ability than the control at both four and eight weeks. Among them, scaffold with 0.8 mm pore size was superior for initial bone formation and maturation, resulting in the highest value of total bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,3 Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- 2 Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- 1 Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Danni Li
- 4 Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - SungMin Chung
- 5 Biomaterials R&D Center, GENOSS Co., Ltd., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cen Chen
- 6 College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - In-Seop Lee
- 7 College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,8 Institute of Natural Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Rustom LE, Poellmann MJ, Wagoner Johnson AJ. Mineralization in micropores of calcium phosphate scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2019; 83:435-455. [PMID: 30408560 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing demand for novel bone repair solutions that overcome the drawbacks of current grafting techniques, the design of artificial bone scaffolds is a central focus in bone regeneration research. Calcium phosphate scaffolds are interesting given their compositional similarity with bone mineral. The majority of studies focus on bone growth in the macropores (>100 µm) of implanted calcium phosphate scaffolds where bone structures such as osteons and trabeculae can form. However, a growing body of research shows that micropores (<50 µm) play an important role not only in improving bone growth in the macropores, but also in providing additional space for bone growth. Bone growth in the micropores of calcium phosphate scaffolds offers major mechanical advantages as it improves the mechanical properties of the otherwise brittle materials, further stabilizes the implant, improves load transfer, and generally enhances osteointegration. In this paper, we review evidence in the literature of bone growth into micropores, emphasizing on identification techniques and conditions under which bone components are observed in the micropores. We also review theories on mineralization and propose mechanisms, mediated by cells or not, by which mineralization may occur in the confined micropore space of calcium phosphate scaffolds. Understanding and validating these mechanisms will allow to better control and enhance mineralization in micropores to improve the design and efficiency of bone implants. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The design of synthetic bone scaffolds remains a major focus for engineering solutions to repair damaged and diseased bone. Most studies focus on the design of and growth in macropores (>100 µm), however research increasingly shows the importance of microporosity (<50 µm). Micropores provide an additional space for bone growth, which provides multiple mechanical advantages to the scaffold/bone composite. Here, we review evidence of bone growth into micropores in calcium phosphate scaffolds and conditions under which growth occurs in micropores, and we propose mechanisms that enable or facilitate growth in these pores. Understanding these mechanisms will allow researchers to exploit them and improve the design and efficiency of bone implants.
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30
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Duan R, Barbieri D, Luo X, Weng J, Bao C, de Bruijn JD, Yuan H. Variation of the bone forming ability with the physicochemical properties of calcium phosphate bone substitutes. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:136-145. [PMID: 29147713 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00717e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of their bioactive properties and chemical similarity to the inorganic component of bone, calcium phosphate (CaP) materials are widely used for bone regeneration. Six commercially available CaP bone substitutes (Bio-Oss, Actifuse, Bi-Ostetic, MBCP, Vitoss and chronOs) as well as two tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics with either a micron-scale (TCP-B) or submicron-scale (TCP-S) surface structure are characterized and their bone forming potential is evaluated in a canine ectopic implantation model. After 12 weeks of implantation in the paraspinal muscle of four beagles, sporadic bone (0.1 ± 0.1%) is observed in two Actifuse implants (2/4), limited bone (2.1 ± 1.4%) in four MBCP implants (4/4) and abundant bone (21.6 ± 4.5%) is formed in all TCP-S implants (4/4). Bone is not observed in any of the Bio-Oss, Bi-Ostetic, Vitoss, chronOs and TCP-B implants (0/4). When correlating the bone forming potential with the physicochemical properties of each material, we observe that the physical characteristics (e.g. grain size and micropore size at the submicron scale) might be the dominant trigger of material directed bone formation via specific mechanotransduction, instead of protein adsorption, surface mineralization and calcium ion release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongquan Duan
- Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
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31
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Song M, Yu B, Kim S, Hayashi M, Smith C, Sohn S, Kim E, Lim J, Stevenson RG, Kim RH. Clinical and Molecular Perspectives of Reparative Dentin Formation: Lessons Learned from Pulp-Capping Materials and the Emerging Roles of Calcium. Dent Clin North Am 2018; 61:93-110. [PMID: 27912821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The long-term use of calcium hydroxide and the recent increase in the use of hydraulic calcium-silicate cements as direct pulp-capping materials provide important clues in terms of how reparative dentin may be induced to form a "biological seal" to protect the underlying pulp tissues. In this review article, we discuss clinical and molecular perspectives of reparative dentin formation based on evidence learned from the use of these pulp-capping materials. We also discuss the emerging role of calcium as an odontoinductive component in these pulp-capping materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju Song
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bo Yu
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sol Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Marc Hayashi
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Colby Smith
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Suhjin Sohn
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50 Yonsei-Ro, 03772, Seoul, Korea
| | - James Lim
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard G Stevenson
- Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Reuben H Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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32
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Duan R, Barbieri D, de Groot F, de Bruijn JD, Yuan H. Modulating Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Condyle Defects with Three Surface-Structured Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramics. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3347-3355. [PMID: 30221192 PMCID: PMC6134343 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) ceramics
are used as bone void fillers
because of their bioactivity and resorbability, while their performance
in bone regeneration and material resorption vary with their physical
properties (e.g., the dimension of the crystal grain). Herein, three
TCP ceramic bone substitutes (TCP-S, TCP-M, and TCP-L) with gradient
crystal grain size (0.77 ± 0.21 μm for TCP-S, 1.21 ±
0.35 μm for TCP-M and 4.87 ± 1.90 μm for TCP-L),
were evaluated in a well-established rabbit lateral condylar defect
model (validated with sham) with respect to bone formation and material
resorption up to 26 weeks. Surface structure-dependent bone regeneration
was clearly shown after 4 weeks implantation with TCP-S having most
mineralized bone (20.2 ± 3.4%), followed by TCP-M (14.0 ±
3.5%), sham (8.1 ± 4.2%), and TCP-L (6.6 ± 2.6%). Afterward,
the amount of mineralized bone was similar in all the three groups,
but bone marrow and material resorption varied. After 26 weeks, TCP-S
induced most bone tissue formation (mineralized bone + bone marrow)
(61.6 ± 7.8%) and underwent most material resorption (80.1 ±
9.0%), followed by TCP-M (42.9 ± 5.2% and 61.4 ± 8.0% respectively),
TCP-L (28.3 ± 5.5% and 45.6 ± 9.7% respectively), and sham
(25.7 ± 4.2%). Given the fact that the three ceramics are chemically
identical, the results indicate that the surface structure (especially,
the crystal grain size) of TCP ceramics can greatly tune their bone
regeneration potential and the material resorption in rabbit condyle
defect model, with the submicron surface structured TCP ceramic performing
the best.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongquan Duan
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.,Kuros Biosciences BV, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Barbieri
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.,Kuros Biosciences BV, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.,Kuros Biosciences BV, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Kuros Biosciences BV, 3723 MB Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.,College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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33
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Artas G, Gul M, Acikan I, Kirtay M, Bozoglan A, Simsek S, Yaman F, Dundar S. A comparison of different bone graft materials in peri-implant guided bone regeneration. Braz Oral Res 2018; 32:e59. [PMID: 29995064 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of hydroxyapatite (HA), deproteinized bovine bone (DPB), human-derived allogenic bone (HALG), and calcium sulfate (CAP) graft biomaterials used with titanium barriers for bone augmentation to treat peri-implant defects in rat calvarium treated by guided bone regeneration (GBR). Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: DPB, HALG, HA, and CAP. One titanium barrier was fixed to each rat's calvarium after the titanium implants had been fixed. In total, 32 titanium implants and barriers were used. Ninety days after the surgical procedure, all the barriers were removed. After decalcification of bone tissue, the titanium implants were removed gently, and new bone regeneration in the peri-implant area was analyzed histologically. Immunohistochemical staining of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was also performed. There were no statistically significant between-group differences in new bone regeneration or VEGF expression after 3 months. According to the results of the histological and immunohistochemical analyses, none of the grafts used in this study showed superiority with respect to new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Artas
- Firat University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Harran University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Izzet Acikan
- Sütcü Imam University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kirtay
- Private Practice, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alihan Bozoglan
- Firat University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sercan Simsek
- Ministry of Health, Tunceli State Hospital, Department of Medical Pathology, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Ferhan Yaman
- Private Practice, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Dundar
- Firat University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Elazig, Turkey
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34
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Zhang K, Fan Y, Dunne N, Li X. Effect of microporosity on scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Regen Biomater 2018; 5:115-124. [PMID: 29644093 PMCID: PMC5887944 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rby001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microporosity has a critical role in improving the osteogenesis of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Although the exact mechanism, by which it promotes new bone formation, is not well recognized yet, the related hypothesis can be found in many previous studies. This review presents those possible mechanisms about how the microporosity enhances the osteogenic-related functions of cells in vitro and the osteogenic activity of scaffolds in vivo. In summary, the increased specific surface areas by microporosity can offer more protein adsorption sites and accelerate the release of degradation products, which facilitate the interactions between scaffolds and cells. Meanwhile, the unique surface properties of microporous scaffolds have a considerable effect on the protein adsorption. Moreover, capillary force generated by the microporosity can improve the attachment of bone-related cells on the scaffolds surface, and even make the cells achieve penetration into the micropores smaller than them. This review also pays attention to the relationship between the biological and mechanical properties of microporous scaffolds. Although lots of achievements have been obtained, there is still a lot of work to do, some of which has been proposed in the conclusions and perspectives part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, China
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 102402, China.,State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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35
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Barba A, Diez-Escudero A, Maazouz Y, Rappe K, Espanol M, Montufar EB, Bonany M, Sadowska JM, Guillem-Marti J, Öhman-Mägi C, Persson C, Manzanares MC, Franch J, Ginebra MP. Osteoinduction by Foamed and 3D-Printed Calcium Phosphate Scaffolds: Effect of Nanostructure and Pore Architecture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:41722-41736. [PMID: 29116737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Some biomaterials are osteoinductive, that is, they are able to trigger the osteogenic process by inducing the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to the osteogenic lineage. Although the underlying mechanism is still unclear, microporosity and specific surface area (SSA) have been identified as critical factors in material-associated osteoinduction. However, only sintered ceramics, which have a limited range of porosities and SSA, have been analyzed so far. In this work, we were able to extend these ranges to the nanoscale, through the foaming and 3D-printing of biomimetic calcium phosphates, thereby obtaining scaffolds with controlled micro- and nanoporosity and with tailored macropore architectures. Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) scaffolds were evaluated after 6 and 12 weeks in an ectopic-implantation canine model and compared with two sintered ceramics, biphasic calcium phosphate and β-tricalcium phosphate. Only foams with spherical, concave macropores and not 3D-printed scaffolds with convex, prismatic macropores induced significant ectopic bone formation. Among them, biomimetic nanostructured CDHA produced the highest incidence of ectopic bone and accelerated bone formation when compared with conventional microstructured sintered calcium phosphates with the same macropore architecture. Moreover, they exhibited different bone formation patterns; in CDHA foams, the new ectopic bone progressively replaced the scaffold, whereas in sintered biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds, bone was deposited on the surface of the material, progressively filling the pore space. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the high reactivity of nanostructured biomimetic CDHA combined with a spherical, concave macroporosity allows the pushing of the osteoinduction potential beyond the limits of microstructured calcium phosphate ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Barba
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Bone Healing Group, Small Animal Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Diez-Escudero
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yassine Maazouz
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katrin Rappe
- Bone Healing Group, Small Animal Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Espanol
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar B Montufar
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Bonany
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanna M Sadowska
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Guillem-Marti
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Öhman-Mägi
- Materials in Medicine Group, Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- Materials in Medicine Group, Division of Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University , 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria-Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Universitat de Barcelona , 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Franch
- Bone Healing Group, Small Animal Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Pau Ginebra
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avinguda Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Spalthoff S, Zimmerer R, Dittmann J, Kokemüller H, Tiede M, Flohr L, Korn P, Gellrich NC, Jehn P. Heterotopic bone formation in the musculus latissimus dorsi of sheep using β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds: evaluation of different seeding techniques. Regen Biomater 2017; 5:77-84. [PMID: 29644089 PMCID: PMC5888254 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osseous reconstruction of large bone defects remains a challenge in oral and maxillofacial surgery. In addition to autogenous bone grafts, which despite potential donor-site mobility still represent the gold standard in reconstructive surgery, many studies have investigated less invasive alternatives such as in vitro cultivation techniques. This study compared different types of seeding techniques on pure β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds in terms of bone formation and ceramic resorption in vivo. Cylindrical scaffolds loaded with autologous cancellous bone, venous blood, bone marrow aspirate concentrate or extracorporeal in vitro cultivated bone marrow stromal cells were cultured in sheep on a perforator vessel of the musculus latissimus dorsi over a 6-month period. Histological and histomorphometric analyses revealed that scaffolds loaded with cancellous bone were superior at promoting heterotopic bone formation and ceramic degradation, with autogenous bone and bone marrow aspirate concentrate inducing in vivo formation of vital bone tissue. These results confirm that autologous bone constitutes the preferred source of osteoinductive and osteogenic material that can reliably induce heterotopic bone formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Spalthoff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany and
- Correspondence address. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany. Tel: +49-511-532-4879; Fax: +49-511-532-18598; E-mail:
| | - Rüdiger Zimmerer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany and
| | - Jan Dittmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany and
| | - Horst Kokemüller
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany and
| | - Marco Tiede
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Laura Flohr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany and
| | - Philippe Korn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany and
| | - Nils-Claudius Gellrich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany and
| | - Philipp Jehn
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany and
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37
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Galván-Chacón VP, Habibovic P. Deconvoluting the Bioactivity of Calcium Phosphate-Based Bone Graft Substitutes: Strategies to Understand the Role of Individual Material Properties. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28544743 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate (CaP)-based ceramics are the most widely applied synthetic biomaterials for repair and regeneration of damaged and diseased bone. CaP bioactivity is regulated by a set of largely intertwined physico-chemical and structural properties, such as the surface microstructure, surface energy, porosity, chemical composition, crystallinity and stiffness. Unravelling the role of each individual property in the interaction between the biomaterial and the biological system is a prerequisite for evolving from a trial-and-error approach to a design-driven approach in the development of new functional biomaterials. This progress report critically reviews various strategies developed to decouple the roles of the individual material properties in the biological performance of CaP ceramics. It furthermore emphasizes on the importance of a comprehensive and adequate material characterization that is needed to enhance our knowledge of the property-function relationship of biomaterials used in bone regeneration, and in regenerative medicine in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- MERLN Institute; Maastricht University; P.O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
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38
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Mafina MK, Sullivan AC, Hing KA. Use of a fluorescent probe to monitor the enhanced affinity of rh-BMP-2 to silicated-calcium phosphate synthetic bone graft substitutes under competitive conditions. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 80:207-212. [PMID: 28866158 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A comparative investigation was undertaken on 1-2mm sized granules of two forms of synthetic bone graft substitute (SBG) with identical pore structure but varied bulk chemistry, stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (HA) and silicate substituted (0.8wt% Si) hydroxyapatite (SA), to assess the influence of SBG chemistry on the relative affinity of an osteogenic growth factor (GF), recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). A previously described novel fluorescent probe, fluoresceinthioureidoaminocaproic acid (FTCA), was covalently attached to rhBMP-2 to give FTCA-rhBMP-2 and facilitate the quantitative monitoring of GF uptake and release from the two chemistries of SBG. The relative affinity of rhBMP-2 for the HA and SA granules was assessed at a physiologically relevant concentration of 300ngmL-1 from three (increasingly complex) environments; phosphate buffered saline (PBS), minimum Eagles' medium (MEM) and serum supplemented MEM (SCEM) in order to closely mimic clinical bone repair procedures. The results demonstrated that rhBMP-2 affinity to SBGs was highly sensitive to both SBG chemistry and the composition of the local environment. Under the most physiologically relevant competitive conditions of SCEM, rhBMP-2 showed greater affinity to SA (P<0.05) such that 50% of the rhBMP-2 in solution was adsorbed to the SA granules after only 15min, as compared to 30% adsorbed to the HA granules. Subsequent investigation of the desorption of adsorbed GF from the SBGs demonstrated that a significantly higher percentage of the adsorbed rhBMP-2 was desorbed from HA as compared to SA granules. Together, these observations suggested that at physiologically relevant concentrations and conditions, rhBMP-2 has a greater affinity to silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite as compared to stoichiometric hydroxyapatite, which may in part explain the enhanced osteoconductivity and reported osteoinductivity for silicate-substituted hydroxyapatite based SBGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Krystelle Mafina
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Bancroft Road, Mile End, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Alice C Sullivan
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Bancroft Road, Mile End, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Karin A Hing
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, Bancroft Road, Mile End, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
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39
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Bouler J, Pilet P, Gauthier O, Verron E. Biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics for bone reconstruction: A review of biological response. Acta Biomater 2017; 53:1-12. [PMID: 28159720 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Autologous bone graft is considered as the gold standard in bone reconstructive surgery. However, the quantity of bone available is limited and the harvesting procedure requires a second surgical site resulting in severe complications. Due to these limits, scientists and clinicians have considered alternatives to autologous bone graft. Calcium phosphates (CaPs) biomaterials including biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics have proven efficacy in numerous clinical indications. Their specific physico-chemical properties (HA/TCP ratio, dual porosity and subsequent interconnected architecture) control (regulate/condition) the progressive resorption and the bone substitution process. By describing the most significant biological responses reported in the last 30years, we review the main events that made their clinical success. We also discuss about their exciting future applications as osteoconductive scaffold for delivering various bioactive molecules or bone cells in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Nowadays, BCPs are definitely considered as the gold standard of bone substitutes in bone reconstructive surgery. Among the numerous clinical studies in literature demonstrating the performance of BCP, Passuti et al. and Randsford et al. studies largely contributed to the emergence of the BCPs. It could be interesting to come back to the main events that made their success and could explain their large adhesion from scientists to clinicians. This paper aims to review the most significant biological responses reported in the last 30years, of these BCP-based materials. We also discuss about their exciting future applications as osteoconductive scaffold for delivering various bioactive molecules or bone cells in bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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40
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Histomorphometric Analysis of a Biopsy Harvested 10 Years After Maxillary Sinus Augmentation With Anorganic Bovine Bone Matrix and Plasma Rich in Growth Factors: A Case Report. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 24:480-6. [PMID: 26068321 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the histologic and histomorphometric data 10 years after grafting of maxillary sinus in a case using anorganic bovine bone matrix (ABBM) and plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF). MATERIALS AND METHODS Histomorphometric measures were performed for newly formed bone, ABBM particles remnants, marrow spaces, and the presence of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity. RESULTS Histologic analysis showed ABBM particles surrounded by new compact and mature vital bone. Osteocytes were noted within lacunae. Some osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity could be identified. The histomorphometric results were 21.7% of newly formed bone, 33.9% of ABBM, and 44% was composed of marrow spaces. CONCLUSIONS After 10 years postoperatively, the histologic evaluation of this case report demonstrated slow replacement of the ABBM particles by newly formed bone, even with the addition of PRGF. The residual ABBM particles were found in close contact to the newly formed bone.
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41
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Kent NW, Blunn G, Karpukhina N, Davis G, de Godoy RF, Wilson RM, Coathup M, Onwordi L, Quak WY, Hill R. In vitro
and in vivo
study of commercial calcium phosphate cement HydroSet™. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 106:21-30. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niall W. Kent
- Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
- Centre for Nature Inspired Engineering; University College London, Torrington Place; London WC1E 7JE UK
- Warwick Medical School; University of Warwick; Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Gordon Blunn
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering; Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital; Stanmore UK
| | - Natalia Karpukhina
- Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| | - Graham Davis
- Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| | - Roberta Ferro de Godoy
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering; Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital; Stanmore UK
| | - Rory M. Wilson
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
| | - Melanie Coathup
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering; Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital; Stanmore UK
| | - Lyris Onwordi
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering; Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital; Stanmore UK
| | - Wen Yu Quak
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering; Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital; Stanmore UK
| | - Robert Hill
- Dental Physical Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London; London E1 4NS UK
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42
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Duan R, Barbieri D, Luo X, Weng J, de Bruijn JD, Yuan H. Submicron-surface structured tricalcium phosphate ceramic enhances the bone regeneration in canine spine environment. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1865-1873. [PMID: 26896645 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium phosphate ceramics with submicron-scaled surface structure can trigger bone formation in non-osseous sites and are expected to enhance bone formation in spine environment. In this study, two tricalcium phosphate ceramics having either a submicron-scaled surface structure (TCP-S) or a micron-scaled one (TCP-B) were prepared and characterized regarding their physicochemical properties. Granules (size 1-2 mm) of both materials were implanted on either left or right side of spinous process, between the two lumbar vertebrae (L3-L4), and in paraspinal muscle of eight beagles. After 12 weeks of implantation, ectopic bone was observed in muscle in TCP-S explants (7.7 ± 3.7%), confirming their ability to inductively form bone in non-osseous sites. In contrast, TCP-B implants did not lead to bone formation in muscle. Abundant bone (34.1 ± 6.6%) was formed within TCP-S implants beside the two spinous processes, while limited bone (5.1 ± 4.5%) was seen in TCP-B. Furthermore, the material resorption of TCP-S was more pronounced than that of TCP-B in both the muscle and spine environments. The results herein indicate that the submicron-scaled surface structured tricalcium phosphate ceramic could enhance bone regeneration as compared to the micron-scaled one in spine environment. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1865-1873, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongquan Duan
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Xiaoman Luo
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Joost D de Bruijn
- Biomaterial Science and Technology, MIRA Institute, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Materials Science, Queen Marry University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Xpand Biotechnology BV, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,College of Physical Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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43
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In vitro and in vivo study of microporous ceramics using MC3T3 cells, CAM assay and a pig animal model. Anat Sci Int 2016; 92:569-580. [PMID: 27530127 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-016-0362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering combines biomaterials with biologically active factors and cells to hold promise for reconstructing craniofacial defects. In this study the biological activity of biphasic hydroxyapatite ceramics (HA; a bone substitute that is a mixture of hydroxyapatite and β-tricalcium phosphate in fixed ratios) was characterized (1) in vitro by assessing the growth of MC3T3 mouse osteoblast lineage cells, (2) in ovo by using the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay and (3) in an in vivo pig animal model. Biocompatibility, bioactivity, bone formation and biomaterial degradation were detected microscopically and by radiology and histology. HA ceramics alone demonstrated great biocompatibility on the CAM as well as bioactivity by increased proliferation and alkaline phosphatase secretion of mouse osteoblasts. The in vivo implantation of HA ceramics with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) showed de novo intramembranous bone healing of critical-size bone defects in the right lateral side of pig mandibular bodies after 3 and 9 weeks post-implantation. Compared with the HA ceramics without MMSCs, the progress of bone formation was slower with less-developed features. This article highlights the clinical use of microporous biphasic HA ceramics despite the unusually shaped elongated micropores with a high length/width aspect ratio (up to 20) and absence of preferable macropores (>100 µm) in bone regenerative medicine.
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Shuang Y, Yizhen L, Zhang Y, Fujioka-Kobayashi M, Sculean A, Miron RJ. In vitro characterization of an osteoinductive biphasic calcium phosphate in combination with recombinant BMP2. BMC Oral Health 2016; 17:35. [PMID: 27485617 PMCID: PMC4971713 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The repair of alveolar bone defects with growth factors and bone grafting materials has played a pivotal role in modern dentistry. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP2), an osteoinductive growth factor capable of cell recruitment and differentiation towards the osteoblast lineage, has been utilized in combination with various biomaterials to further enhance new bone formation. Recently, a group of novel biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) bone grafting materials have been demonstrated to possess osteoinductive properties by demonstrating signs of ectopic bone formation. The aim of the present study was to study the effects of rhBMP2 in combination with osteoinductive BCP bone grafts on osteoblast cell behaviour. METHODS MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were seeded on 1) control tissue culture plastic, 2) 10 mg of BCP alone, 3) 100 ng rhBMP2, and 4) 100 ng rhBMP2+ 10 mg of BCP and analyzed for cell recruitment via a Transwell chamber, proliferation via an MTS assay and differentiation as assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining and real-time PCR for osteoblast differentiation markers including Runx2, collagen1, ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN). RESULTS rhBMP2 was able to significantly upregulate cell recruitment whereas the addition of BCP as well as BCP alone had no additional ability to improve osteoblast recruitment. Both BCP and rhBMP2 were able to significantly increase cell proliferation at 3 and 5 days post seeding and cell number was further enhanced when rhBMP2 was combined with BCP. In addition, the combination of rhBMP2 with BCP significantly improved ALP activity at 7 and 14 days post seeding, alizarin red staining at 14 days, and mRNA levels of Runx2, ALP and osteocalcin when compared to cells seeded with rhBMP2 alone or BCP alone. CONCLUSIONS The results from the present study demonstrate that 1) the osteoinductive potential of BCP bone particles is equally as osteopromotive as rhBMP2 on in vitro osteoblast differentiation and 2) BCP particles in combination with rhBMP2 is able to further increase the osteopromotive differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro when compared to either rhBMP2 alone or BCP alone. Future animal testing is further required to investigate this combination approach on new bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shuang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yizhen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
| | - Masako Fujioka-Kobayashi
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, 33328, USA.
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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45
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Miron RJ, Sculean A, Shuang Y, Bosshardt DD, Gruber R, Buser D, Chandad F, Zhang Y. Osteoinductive potential of a novel biphasic calcium phosphate bone graft in comparison with autographs, xenografts, and DFDBA. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 27:668-75. [PMID: 26227281 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the original description of osteoinduction in the early 20th century, the study and development of innovative biomaterials has emerged. Recently, novel synthetic bone grafts have been reported with potential to form ectopic bone in vivo. However, their full characterization in comparison with other leading bone grafts has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the osteoinductive potential of bone grafts by comparing autogenous bone grafts, demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts (DFDBA), a commonly utilized natural bone mineral (NBM) from bovine origin (Bio-Oss), and a newly developed biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Grafts were compared in vitro for their ability to stimulate bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) migration, proliferation, and differentiation as assessed by quantitative real-time PCR for genes coding for bone markers including Runx2, collagen I, and osteocalcin. Furthermore, bone grafts were implanted in the calf muscle of 12 beagle dogs to determine their potential to form ectopic bone in vivo. RESULTS The in vitro results demonstrate that both autografts and DFDBA show potential for cell recruitment, whereas only autografts and BCP demonstrated the ability to differentiate BMSCs toward the osteoblast lineage. The in vivo ectopic bone model demonstrated that while NBM particles were not osteoinductive and autogenous bone grafts were resorbed quickly in vivo, ectopic bone formation was reported in DFDBA and in synthetic BCP grafts. CONCLUSION The modifications in nanotopography and chemical composition of the newly developed BCP bone grafts significantly promoted ectopic bone formation confirming their osteoinductive potential. In conclusion, the results from this study provide evidence that synthetic bone grafts not only serve as a three-dimensional scaffold but are also able to promote osteoinduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Faculté de Medecine Dentaire, Pavillon de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yang Shuang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dieter D Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Buser
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fatiha Chandad
- Faculté de Medecine Dentaire, Pavillon de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Miron RJ, Zhang Q, Sculean A, Buser D, Pippenger BE, Dard M, Shirakata Y, Chandad F, Zhang Y. Osteoinductive potential of 4 commonly employed bone grafts. Clin Oral Investig 2016; 20:2259-2265. [PMID: 26814714 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-016-1724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guided bone regeneration (GBR) aims to predictably restore missing bone that has been lost due to trauma, periodontal disease or a variety of systemic conditions. Critical to this procedure is the ability of a bone grafting material to predictably serve as a 3-dimensional scaffold capable of inducing cell and bone tissue in-growth at the material surface. Although all bone grafts are osteoconductive to bone-forming osteoblasts, only a small number of commercially available bone grafts with FDA approval are osteoinductive including demineralized freeze-dried bone allographs (DFDBA) and scaffolds containing bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Recently, a class of synthetic bone grafts fabricated from biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) sintered at a low temperature have been shown to form ectopic bone formation in non-skeletal sites without the use of growth factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the osteoinductive potential of this group of synthetic BCP alloplasts with autografts, allografts and xenografts. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, 4 types of bone grafting materials including autogenous bone harvested with a bone mill, DFDBA (LifeNet, USA), a xenograft derived from bovine bone mineral (NBM, BioOss, Geistlich, Switzerland) and a novel synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP, Straumman, Switzerland) were implanted into intramuscular pouches of 24 rats and analysed histologically for their ability to form ectopic bone formation around grafting particles. A semi-quantitative osteoinductive score was used to quantify the osteoinductive ability of each bone graft. RESULTS The results from the present study reveal that (1) autogenous bone resorbed rapidly in vivo, (2) the xenograft showed no potential to form ectopic bone formation and (3) both DFDBA and BCP were able to stimulate ectopic bone formation. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that these newly developed synthetic bone grafts have potential for inducing ectopic bone formation similar to DFDBA. Future clinical testing is necessary to reveal their bone-inducing properties in clinical scenarios including GBR procedures and in combination with implant dentistry. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Novel BCP scaffolds are able to induce ectopic bone formation without the use of osteoinductive growth factors such as BMP2 and thus demonstrate a large clinical possibility to further enhance bone formation for a variety of clinical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China. .,Faculté de Medecine Dentaire, Pavillon de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, School of Dental Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Buser
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Michel Dard
- Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoshinori Shirakata
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fatiha Chandad
- Faculté de Medecine Dentaire, Pavillon de Médecine Dentaire, Université de Laval, 2420 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
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Coathup MJ, Blunn GW, Campion C, Ho CY, Hing KA. The effect of increased microporosity on bone formation within silicate-substituted scaffolds in an ovine posterolateral spinal fusion model. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:805-814. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Jean Coathup
- The Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon William Blunn
- The Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Charlie Campion
- Department of Materials, School of Engineering and Materials, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- ApaTech Ltd., 370 Centennial Avenue, Centennial Park, Elstree, Herts, WD6 3TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Chih-Yuan Ho
- The Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Angela Hing
- Department of Materials, School of Engineering and Materials, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Hutchens SA, Campion C, Assad M, Chagnon M, Hing KA. Efficacy of silicate-substituted calcium phosphate with enhanced strut porosity as a standalone bone graft substitute and autograft extender in an ovine distal femoral critical defect model. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2016; 27:20. [PMID: 26684617 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic bone graft substitute consisting of silicate-substituted calcium phosphate with increased strut porosity (SiCaP EP) was evaluated in an ovine distal femoral critical sized metaphyseal defect as a standalone bone graft, as an autologous iliac crest bone graft (ICBG) extender (SiCaP EP/ICBG), and when mixed with bone marrow aspirate (SiCaP EP/BMA). Defects were evaluated after 4, 8, and 12 weeks with radiography, decalcified paraffin-embedded histopathology, non-decalcified resin-embedded histomorphometry, and mechanical indentation testing. All test groups exhibited excellent biocompatibility and osseous healing as evidenced by an initial mild inflammatory response followed by neovascularization, bone growth, and marrow infiltration throughout all SiCaP EP-treated defects. SiCaP EP/ICBG produced more bone at early time points, while all groups produced similar amounts of bone at later time points. SiCaP EP/ICBG likewise showed more favorable mechanical properties at early time points, but was equivalent to SiCaP EP and SiCaP EP/BMA at later time points. This study demonstrates that SiCaP EP is efficacious as a standalone bone graft substitute, mixed with BMA, and as an autograft extender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Hutchens
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, One Baxter Pkwy, Deerfield, IL, 60015, USA.
| | - Charlie Campion
- Baxter Healthcare Corporation, One Baxter Pkwy, Deerfield, IL, 60015, USA
| | - Michel Assad
- Orthopedics and Biomaterials Laboratory, AccelLAB Inc., Boisbriand, QC, Canada
| | - Madeleine Chagnon
- Orthopedics and Biomaterials Laboratory, AccelLAB Inc., Boisbriand, QC, Canada
| | - Karin A Hing
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science at Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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50
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García-Gareta E, Coathup MJ, Blunn GW. Osteoinduction of bone grafting materials for bone repair and regeneration. Bone 2015; 81:112-121. [PMID: 26163110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of bone defects caused by trauma, infection, tumours or inherent genetic disorders is a clinical challenge that usually necessitates bone grafting materials. Autologous bone or autograft is still considered the clinical "gold standard" and the most effective method for bone regeneration. However, limited bone supply and donor site morbidity are the most important disadvantages of autografting. Improved biomaterials are needed to match the performance of autograft as this is still superior to that of synthetic bone grafts. Osteoinductive materials would be the perfect candidates for achieving this task. The aim of this article is to review the different groups of bone substitutes in terms of their most recently reported osteoinductive properties. The different factors influencing osteoinductivity by biomaterials as well as the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are also presented, showing that it is very limited compared to osteoinductivity shown by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Therefore, a new term to describe osteoinductivity by biomaterials is proposed. Different strategies for adding osteoinductivity (BMPs, stem cells) to bone substitutes are also discussed. The overall objective of this paper is to gather the current knowledge on osteoinductivity of bone grafting materials for the effective development of new graft substitutes that enhance bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena García-Gareta
- RAFT Institute of Plastic Surgery, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK.
| | - Melanie J Coathup
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK
| | - Gordon W Blunn
- John Scales Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Science, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore HA7 4LP, UK
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