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Bakitian FA. A Comprehensive Review of the Contemporary Methods for Enhancing Osseointegration and the Antimicrobial Properties of Titanium Dental Implants. Cureus 2024; 16:e68720. [PMID: 39238921 PMCID: PMC11376426 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.68720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Titanium dental implants with various restorative options are popular for replacing missing teeth due to their comfortable fit, excellent stability, natural appearance, and impressive track record in clinical settings. However, challenges such as potential issues with osseointegration, peri-implant bone loss, and peri-implantitis might lead to implant failure, causing concern for patients and dental staff. Surface modification has the potential to significantly enhance the success rate of titanium implants and meet the needs of clinical applications. This involves the application of various physical, chemical, and bioactive coatings, as well as adjustments to implant surface topography, offering significant potential for enhancing implant outcomes in terms of osseointegration and antimicrobial properties. Many surface modification methods have been employed to improve titanium implants, showcasing the diversity of approaches in this field including sandblasting, acid etching, plasma spraying, plasma immersion ion implantation, physical vapor deposition, electrophoretic deposition, electrochemical deposition, anodization, microarc oxidation, laser treatments, sol-gel method, layer-by-layer self-assembly technology, and the adsorption of biomolecules. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the surface modification methods for titanium implants to address issues with insufficient osseointegration and implant-related infections. It encompasses the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of these methods to provide researchers and dental professionals with a robust resource to aid them in their study and practical use of dental implant materials, ensuring they are thoroughly knowledgeable and well-prepared for their endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A Bakitian
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
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2
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Peterson BW, Tjakkes GH, Renkema AM, Manton DJ, Ren Y. The oral microbiota and periodontal health in orthodontic patients. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 39031969 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The oral microbiota develops within the first 2 years of childhood and becomes distinct from the parents by 4 years-of-age. The oral microbiota plays an important role in the overall health/symbiosis of the individual. Deviations from the state of symbiosis leads to dysbiosis and an increased risk of pathogenicity. Deviations can occur not only from daily life activities but also from orthodontic interventions. Orthodontic appliances are formed from a variety of biomaterials. Once inserted, they serve as a breeding ground for microbial attachment, not only from new surface areas and crevices but also from material physicochemical interactions different than in the symbiotic state. Individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment show, compared with untreated people, qualitative and quantitative differences in activity within the oral microbiota, induced by increased retention of supra- and subgingival microbial plaque throughout the treatment period. These changes are at the root of the main undesirable effects, such as gingivitis, white spot lesions (WSL), and more severe caries lesions. Notably, the oral microbiota profile in the first weeks of orthodontic intervention might be a valuable indicator to predict and identify higher-risk individuals with respect to periodontal health and caries risk within an otherwise healthy population. Antimicrobial coatings have been used to dissuade microbes from adhering to the biomaterial; however, they disrupt the host microbiota, and several bacterial strains have become resistant. Smart biomaterials that can reduce the antimicrobial load preventing microbial adhesion to orthodontic appliances have shown promising results, but their complexity has kept many solutions from reaching the clinic. 3D printing technology provides opportunities for complex chemical syntheses to be performed uniformly, reducing the cost of producing smart biomaterials giving hope that they may reach the clinic in the near future. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the importance of the oral microbiota during orthodontic therapy and to use innovative technologies to better maintain its healthy balance during surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon W Peterson
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Geerten-Has Tjakkes
- Centre for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Renkema
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David J Manton
- Centre for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yijin Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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3
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Du T, Liu J, Dong J, Xie H, Wang X, Yang X, Yang Y. Multifunctional coatings of nickel-titanium implant toward promote osseointegration after operation of bone tumor and clinical application: a review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1325707. [PMID: 38444648 PMCID: PMC10912669 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1325707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal implants, especially Ni-Ti shape memory alloy (Ni-Ti SMA) implants, have increasingly become the first choice for fracture and massive bone defects after orthopedic bone tumor surgery. In this paper, the internal composition and shape memory properties of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy were studied. In addition, the effects of porous Ni-Ti SMA on osseointegration, and the effects of surface hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity on the osseointegration of Ni-Ti implants were also investigated. In addition, the effect of surface coating modification technology of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy on bone bonding was also studied. Several kinds of Ni-Ti alloy implants commonly used in orthopedic clinic and their advantages and disadvantages were introduced. The surface changes of Ni-Ti alloy implants promote bone fusion, enhance the adhesion of red blood cells and platelets, promote local tissue regeneration and fracture healing. In the field of orthopaedics, the use of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy implants significantly promoted clinical development. Due to the introduction of the coating, the osseointegration and biocompatibility of the implant surface have been enhanced, and the success rate of the implant has been greatly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Du
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Liaoning University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinhan Dong
- Liaoning University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Haoxu Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Liaoning University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingxin Yang
- Liaoning University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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4
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Mu Y, Du Z, Gao W, Xiao L, Crawford R, Xiao Y. The effect of a bionic bone ionic environment on osteogenesis, osteoimmunology, and in situ bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122410. [PMID: 38043465 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone, a mineralized tissue, continuously undergoes remodeling. It is a process that engages the mineralization and demineralization of the bone matrix, orchestrated by the interactions among cells and cell-secreted biomolecules under the bone ionic microenvironment (BIE). The osteoinductive properties of the demineralized organic bone matrix and many biological factors have been well-investigated. However, the impact of the bone ionic environment on cell differentiation and osteogenesis remains largely unknown. In this study, we extracted and isolated inorganic bone components (bone-derived monetite, BM) using a low-temperature method and, for the first time, investigated whether the BIE could actively affect cell differentiation and regulate osteoimmune reactions. It was evidenced that the BIE could foster the osteogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) and promote hBMSCs mineralization without using osteogenic inductive agents. Interestingly, it was noted that BIE resulted in intracellular mineralization, evidenced by intracellular accumulation of carbonate hydroxyapatite similar to that oberved in osteoblasts cultured in osteoinductive media. Additionally, BIE was found to enhance osteogenesis by generating a favorable osteoimmune environment. In a rat calvarial bone defect model, the osteogenic capacity of BIE was evaluated using a collagen type I-impregnated BM (Col-BM) composite. It showed that Col-BM significantly promoted new bone formation in the critical-size bone defect areas. Taken together, this is the first study that investigated the influence of the BIE on osteogenesis, osteoimmunology, and in situ bone tissue engineering. The innate osteoinductive potential of inorganic bone components, both in vitro and in vivo, not only expands the understanding of the BIE on osteogenesis but also benefits future biomaterials engineering for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Mu
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University (GU), Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia; The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Zhibin Du
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Wendong Gao
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University (GU), Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia; The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Lan Xiao
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University (GU), Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia; The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Ross Crawford
- The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University (GU), Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia; The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (ACCTERM), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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5
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Wang S, Zhao X, Hsu Y, He Y, Wang F, Yang F, Yan F, Xia D, Liu Y. Surface modification of titanium implants with Mg-containing coatings to promote osseointegration. Acta Biomater 2023; 169:19-44. [PMID: 37517617 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are commonly used in dental implants, which have good biocompatibility, mechanical strength, processability, and corrosion resistance. However, the surface inertia of Ti implants leads to delayed integration of Ti and new bone, as well as problems such as aseptic loosening and inadequate osseointegration. Magnesium (Mg) ions can promote bone regeneration, and many studies have used Mg-containing materials to modify the Ti implant surface. This systematic review summarizes the methods, effects, and clinical applications of surface modification of Ti implants with Mg-containing coatings. Database collection was completed on Janury 1, 2023, and a total of 29 relevant studies were ultimately included. Mg can be compounded with different materials and coated to the surface of Ti implants using different methods. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that Mg-containing coatings promote cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation. On the one hand, the surface roughness of implants increases with the addition of Mg-containing coatings, which is thought to have an impact on the osseointegration of the implant. On the other hand, Mg ions promote cell attachment through binding interactions between the integrin family and FAK-related signaling pathways. And Mg ions could induce osseointegration by activating PI3K, Notch, ERK/c-Fos, BMP-4-related signaling pathways and TRPM7 protein channels. Overall, Mg-based coatings show great potential for the surface modification of Ti implants to promote osseointegration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The inertia surface of titanium (Ti) implants leads to delayed osseointegration. Magnesium (Mg) ions, known for promoting bone regeneration, have been extensively studied to modify the surface of Ti implants. However, no consensus has been reached on the appropriate processing methods, surface roughness and effective concentration of Mg-containing coatings for osseointegration. This systematic review focus on the surface modification of Ti implants with Mg-containing compounds, highlighting the effects of Mg-containing coatings on the surface properties of Ti implants and its associated mechanisms. Besides, we also provide an outlook on future directions to promote the clinical application of Mg-modified implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, China
| | - Xiao Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Center of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuchien Hsu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Center of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunjiao He
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Center of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feilong Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Center of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Center of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fanyu Yan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Center of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dandan Xia
- National Center of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; National Center of Stomatology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health, Beijing 100081, China.
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Abstract
Conditions, accidents, and aging processes have brought with them the need to develop implants with higher technology that allow not only the replacement of missing tissue but also the formation of tissue and the recovery of its function. The development of implants is due to advances in different areas such as molecular-biochemistry (which allows the understanding of the molecular/cellular processes during tissue repair), materials engineering, tissue regeneration (which has contributed advances in the knowledge of the properties of the materials used for their manufacture), and the so-called intelligent biomaterials (which promote tissue regeneration through inductive effects of cell signaling in response to stimuli from the microenvironment to generate adhesion, migration, and cell differentiation processes). The implants currently used are combinations of biopolymers with properties that allow the formation of scaffolds with the capacity to mimic the characteristics of the tissue to be repaired. This review describes the advances of intelligent biomaterials in implants applied in different dental and orthopedic problems; by means of these advances, it is expected to overcome limitations such as additional surgeries, rejections and infections in implants, implant duration, pain mitigation, and mainly, tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sarai Silva-López
- Coordination for the Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 550-2a Sierra Leona Ave, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Luz E Alcántara-Quintana
- Coordination for the Innovation and Application of Science and Technology (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, 550-2a Sierra Leona Ave, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
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Wang J, Yuan B, Yin R, Zhang H. Inflammation Responses to Bone Scaffolds under Mechanical Stimuli in Bone Regeneration. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030169. [PMID: 36976093 PMCID: PMC10059255 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical stimuli play an important role in one tissue engineering. Mechanical stimuli, such as ultrasound with cyclic loading, are widely used to promote bone osteogenesis; however, the inflammatory response under physical stimuli has not been well studied. In this paper, the signaling pathways related to inflammatory responses in bone tissue engineering are evaluated, and the application of physical stimulation to promote osteogenesis and its related mechanisms are reviewed in detail; in particular, how physical stimulation alleviates inflammatory responses during transplantation when employing a bone scaffolding strategy is discussed. It is concluded that physical stimulation (e.g., ultrasound and cyclic stress) helps to promote osteogenesis while reducing the inflammatory response. In addition, apart from 2D cell culture, more consideration should be given to the mechanical stimuli applied to 3D scaffolds and the effects of different force moduli while evaluating inflammatory responses. This will facilitate the application of physiotherapy in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ruixue Yin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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8
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The Localized Ionic Microenvironment in Bone Modelling/Remodelling: A Potential Guide for the Design of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020056. [PMID: 36826855 PMCID: PMC9959312 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is capable of adjusting size, shape, and quality to maintain its strength, toughness, and stiffness and to meet different needs of the body through continuous remodeling. The balance of bone homeostasis is orchestrated by interactions among different types of cells (mainly osteoblasts and osteoclasts), extracellular matrix, the surrounding biological milieus, and waste products from cell metabolisms. Inorganic ions liberated into the localized microenvironment during bone matrix degradation not only form apatite crystals as components or enter blood circulation to meet other bodily needs but also alter cellular activities as molecular modulators. The osteoinductive potential of inorganic motifs of bone has been gradually understood since the last century. Still, few have considered the naturally generated ionic microenvironment's biological roles in bone remodeling. It is believed that a better understanding of the naturally balanced ionic microenvironment during bone remodeling can facilitate future biomaterial design for bone tissue engineering in terms of the modulatory roles of the ionic environment in the regenerative process.
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Sabouni K, Ozturk Y, Kacar E, Kose GT, Kok FN, Kazmanli MK, Urgen MK, Onder S. Surface analysis of (Ti,Mg)N coated bone fixation devices following the rabbit femur surgery. Biomed Mater Eng 2023; 34:459-472. [PMID: 37005873 DOI: 10.3233/bme-222544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg) enhances the bone regeneration, mineralization and attachment at the tissue/biomaterial interface. OBJECTIVE In this study, the effect of Mg on mineralization/osseointegration was determined using (Ti,Mg)N thin film coated Ti6Al4V based plates and screws in vivo. METHODS TiN and (Ti,Mg)N coated Ti6Al4V plates and screws were prepared using arc-PVD technique and used to fix rabbit femur fractures for 6 weeks. Then, mineralization/osseointegration was assessed by surface analysis including cell attachment, mineralization, and hydroxyapatite deposition on concave and convex sides of the plates along with the attachment between the screw and the bone. RESULTS According to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses; cell attachment and mineralization were higher on the concave sides of the plates from both groups in comparison to the convex sides. However, mineralization was significantly higher on Mg-containing ones. The mean gray value indicating mineralized area after von Kossa staining was found as 0.48 ± 0.01 and 0.41 ± 0.04 on Mg containing and free ones respectively. Similarly, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses showed that hydroxyapatite growth was abundant on the Mg-containing and concave sides of the plates. Enhanced mineralization and strong attachment to bone were also detected in EDS and SEM analyses of Mg-containing screws. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that (Ti,Mg)N coatings can be used to increase attachment at the implant tissue interface due to accelerated mineralization, cell attachment, and hydroxyapatite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenda Sabouni
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yetkin Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Kacar
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Torun Kose
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nese Kok
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Kursat Kazmanli
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Kamil Urgen
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sakip Onder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Baldini M, Coppa V, Falcioni D, Cusano G, Massetti D, Marinelli M, Gigante AP. Resorbable magnesium screws for fixation of medial epicondyle avulsion fractures in skeletally immature patients: A comparison with Kirschner wires. J Child Orthop 2022; 16:481-487. [PMID: 36483654 PMCID: PMC9723866 DOI: 10.1177/18632521221136100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Displaced medial epicondyle fractures are treated with open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires or screws. Rates of implant prominence, failure, or non-union reported are considerable. Magnesium screws have demonstrated biocompatibility, osteoconductivity, and high pull-out strength. The aim of this study was to compare surgical fixation of medial epicondyle fracture using resorbable magnesium Herbert screws to K-wires, in skeletally immature patients. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed from January 2015 to April 2020. Inclusion criteria were as follows displaced medial epicondyle fracture, <15 years, and absence of concomitant ipsilateral upper limb fractures. Two consecutive cohorts based on fixation device were made: Group A (wires) and Group B (magnesium screws). Alignment, pain, range of motion, Mayo Elbow Performance Score, and radiological healing were assessed. RESULTS A total of 27 patients were included: 15 in Group A and 12 in Group B. Groups were comparable for age and sex. Mean follow-up was higher in Group A (38.73 ± 3.15 vs 26.18 ± 4.85 months; p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed regarding range of motion, alignment, pain, and Mayo Elbow Performance Score, with excellent results in both groups. Two patients in Group A developed a deep wound pin site infection requiring antibiotics. X-rays revealed three cases of non-union in Group A and one in Group B, all of them asymptomatic. No patient required a second surgical procedure. CONCLUSION Open reduction and internal fixation of medial epicondyle fractures with magnesium screws showed comparable results to a widely accepted procedure such as the use of K-wires, potentially with a lower incidence of non-union and infection. No adverse reactions were recorded. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Baldini
- Clinical Orthopedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy,Marco Baldini, Clinical Orthopedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto, 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy. Emails: ;
| | - Valentino Coppa
- Clinic of Adult and Paediatric Orthopedic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Danya Falcioni
- Clinic of Adult and Paediatric Orthopedic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cusano
- Clinical Orthopedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Daniele Massetti
- Divisione di Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mario Marinelli
- Clinic of Adult and Paediatric Orthopedic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Pompilio Gigante
- Clinical Orthopedics, Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, School of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy,Clinic of Adult and Paediatric Orthopedic, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
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11
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Hohenbild F, Arango Ospina M, Schmitz SI, Moghaddam A, Boccaccini AR, Westhauser F. An In Vitro Evaluation of the Biological and Osteogenic Properties of Magnesium-Doped Bioactive Glasses for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12703. [PMID: 34884519 PMCID: PMC8657676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is known to play a crucial role in mineral and matrix metabolism of bone tissue and is thus increasingly considered in the field of bone tissue engineering. Bioactive glasses (BGs) offer the promising possibility of the incorporation and local delivery of therapeutically active ions as Mg2+. In this study, two Mg2+-doped derivatives of the ICIE16-BG composition (49.46 SiO2, 36.27 CaO, 6.6 Na2O, 1.07 P2O5, 6.6 K2O (mol%)), namely 6Mg-BG (49.46 SiO2, 30.27 CaO, 6.6 Na2O, 1.07 P2O5, 6.6 K2O, 6.0 MgO (mol%) and 3Mg-BG (49.46 SiO2, 33.27 CaO, 6.6 Na2O, 1.07 P2O5, 6.6 K2O, 3.0 MgO (mol%)) were examined. Their influence on viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) was explored in comparison to the original ICIE16-BG. All BGs showed good biocompatibility. The Mg2+-doped BGs had a positive influence on MSC viability alongside with inhibiting effects on MSC proliferation. A strong induction of osteogenic differentiation markers was observed, with the Mg2+-doped BGs significantly outperforming the ICIE16-BG regarding the expression of genes encoding for protein members of the osseous extracellular matrix (ECM) at certain observation time points. However, an overall Mg2+-induced enhancement of the expression of genes encoding for ECM proteins could not be observed, possibly due to a too moderate Mg2+ release. By adaption of the Mg2+ release from BGs, an even stronger impact on the expression of genes encoding for ECM proteins might be achieved. Furthermore, other BG-types such as mesoporous BGs might provide a higher local presence of the therapeutically active ions and should therefore be considered for upcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike Hohenbild
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.H.); (S.I.S.)
| | - Marcela Arango Ospina
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.A.O.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Sarah I. Schmitz
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.H.); (S.I.S.)
| | - Arash Moghaddam
- Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Frohsinnstraße 12, 63739 Aschaffenburg, Germany;
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (M.A.O.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Fabian Westhauser
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.H.); (S.I.S.)
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12
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Sartori B, Amenitsch H, Marmiroli B. Functionalized Mesoporous Thin Films for Biotechnology. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:740. [PMID: 34202530 PMCID: PMC8304103 DOI: 10.3390/mi12070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous materials bear great potential for biotechnological applications due to their biocompatibility and versatility. Their high surface area and pore interconnection allow the immobilization of molecules and their subsequent controlled delivery. Modifications of the mesoporous material with the addition of different chemical species, make them particularly suitable for the production of bioactive coatings. Functionalized thin films of mesoporous silica and titania can be used as scaffolds with properties as diverse as promotion of cell growth, inhibition of biofilms formation, or development of sensors based on immobilized enzymes. The possibility to pattern them increase their appeal as they can be incorporated into devices and can be tailored both with respect to architecture and functionalization. In fact, selective surface manipulation is the ground for the fabrication of advanced micro devices that combine standard micro/nanofluids with functional materials. In this review, we will present the advantages of the functionalization of silica and titania mesoporous materials deposited in thin film. Different functional groups used to modify their properties will be summarized, as well as functionalization methods and some examples of applications of modified materials, thus giving an overview of the essential role of functionalization to improve the performance of such innovative materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benedetta Marmiroli
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria; (B.S.); (H.A.)
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Liu Z, Liu X, Ramakrishna S. Surface engineering of biomaterials in orthopedic and dental implants: Strategies to improve osteointegration, bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2000116. [PMID: 33813785 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The success of biomedical implants in orthopedic and dental applications is usually limited due to insufficient bone-implant integration, and implant-related infections. Biointerfaces are critical in regulating their interactions and the desirable performance of biomaterials in biological environment. Surface engineering has been widely studied to realize better control of the interface interaction to further enhance the desired behavior of biomaterials. PURPOSE AND SCOPE This review aims to investigate surface coating strategies in hard tissue applications to address insufficient osteointegration and implant-related infection problems. SUMMARY We first focused on surface coatings to enhance the osteointegration and biocompatibility of implants by emphasizing calcium phosphate-related, nanoscale TiO2 -related, bioactive tantalum-based and biomolecules incorporated coatings. Different coating strategies such as plasma spraying, biomimetic deposition, electrochemical anodization and LENS are discussed. We then discussed techniques to construct anti-adhesive and bactericidal surface while emphasizing multifunctional surface coating techniques that combine potential osteointegration and antibacterial activities. The effects of nanotopography via TiO2 coatings on antibacterial performance are interesting and included. A smart bacteria-responsive titanium dioxide nanotubes coating is also attractive and elaborated. CONCLUSION Developing multifunctional surface coatings combining osteogenesis and antimicrobial activity is the current trend. Surface engineering methods are usually combined to obtain hierarchical multiscale surface structures with better biofunctionalization outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Liu
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Cerqueira A, Romero-Gavilán F, García-Arnáez I, Martinez-Ramos C, Ozturan S, Izquierdo R, Azkargorta M, Elortza F, Gurruchaga M, Suay J, Goñi I. Characterization of magnesium doped sol-gel biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration: The effect of Mg ion in protein adsorption. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 125:112114. [PMID: 33965118 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium is the fourth most abundant element in the human body with a wide battery of functions in the maintenance of normal cell homeostasis. In the bone, this element incorporates in the hydroxyapatite structure and it takes part in mineral metabolism and regulates osteoclast functions. In this study, sol-gel materials with increasing concentrations of MgCl2 (0.5, 1, and 1.5%) were synthesized and applied onto Ti surfaces as coatings. The materials were first physicochemically characterized. In vitro responses were examined using the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells and RAW264.7 macrophages. Human serum protein adsorption was evaluated employing nLC-MS/MS. The incorporation of Mg did not affect the crosslinking of the sol-gel network, and a controlled release of Mg was observed; it was not cytotoxic at any of the tested concentrations. The cytoskeleton arrangement of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on the Mg-doped materials changed in comparison with controls; the cells became more elongated, with protruded lamellipodia and increased cell surface. The expression of integrins (ITGA5 and ITGB1) was boosted by Mg-coatings. The ALP activity and expression of TGF-β, OSX and RUNX2 genes were also increased. In RAW264.7 cells, TNF-α secretion was reduced, while TGF-β and IL-4 expression rose. These changes correlated with the altered protein adsorption patterns. The Mg-doped coatings showed increased adsorption of anti-inflammatory (CLUS, IC1, CFAH, and VTNC), cell adhesion (DSG1, FILA2, and DESP) and tissue regeneration (VTNC and CYTA) proteins. This integrated approach to biomaterial characterization revealed the potential of Mg in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Cerqueira
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Francisco Romero-Gavilán
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - Iñaki García-Arnáez
- Departament of Science and Technology of Polymers, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Cristina Martinez-Ramos
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Seda Ozturan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Dumlupınar D100 Karayolu, 98, 34720 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Raúl Izquierdo
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Mikel Azkargorta
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Félix Elortza
- Proteomics Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), CIBERehd, ProteoRed-ISCIII, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Mariló Gurruchaga
- Departament of Science and Technology of Polymers, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Julio Suay
- Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Design, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicent Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Isabel Goñi
- Departament of Science and Technology of Polymers, Universidad del País Vasco, P. M. de Lardizábal, 3, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
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Abstract
Multifunctional materials based on a combination of permanent and degradable metals open new perspectives for medical implants combining osseoconductivity and drug-delivery functions which can significantly decrease the number of implants’ revision. In this work, hybrid magnesium-titanium materials were produced via sintering, and the properties of the permanent titanium component before and after the degradation of the temporary magnesium part were evaluated. The changes of chemical composition and mechanical parameters were determined. Loading of hydrogen into the titanium part at room temperature was observed, which deteriorated the mechanical characteristics but could also simultaneously improve the biocompatibility of the permanent titanium implant. The control of degradation of the magnesium part and the modification of the titanium part are required for the development of partly degradable hybrid implants.
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16
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Alenezi A, Chrcanovic B. Effects of the local administration of antibiotics on bone formation on implant surface in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2020; 56:177-183. [PMID: 33294060 PMCID: PMC7701187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to evaluate the effects of the local delivery of antibiotics incorporated in implant surfaces on some quantitative parameters of bone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS An electronic search was undertaken in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase) in addition to hand searching. The search was limited to animal experiments using endosseous implants combined with localized antibiotics release. Meta-analyses were performed for the percentages of bone volume (BV) and bone-to-implant contact (BIC). RESULTS Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Several methods were identified for local delivery of antibiotics at the bone-implant interface, but the most commonly used method was by coating (incorporating the implant surface with the antibiotic agents). Different antibiotic agents were used, namely bacitracin, doxycycline, enoxacin, gentamicin, minocycline, tobramycin, and vancomycin. There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of BIC between implants with or without localized antibiotic release (P = 0.59). The meta-analysis revealed higher BV around implants coated with antibiotics compared to control groups (without antibiotics) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION It is suggested that the local administration of antibiotics around implants did not adversely affect the percentage of direct bone contact around implants, with a tendency for a slightly better bone formation around implants when combined with local administration of antibiotics. It is a matter of debate whether these in vivo results will have the same effect in the clinical setting. However, the risk of bias of these studies may, to some extent, question the validity of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alenezi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruno Chrcanovic
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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17
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Jafari S, Mahyad B, Hashemzadeh H, Janfaza S, Gholikhani T, Tayebi L. Biomedical Applications of TiO 2 Nanostructures: Recent Advances. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:3447-3470. [PMID: 32523343 PMCID: PMC7234979 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s249441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures are one of the most plentiful compounds that have emerged in various fields of technology such as medicine, energy and biosensing. Various TiO2 nanostructures (nanotubes [NTs] and nanowires) have been employed in photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing applications, greatly enhancing the detection of targets. TiO2 nanostructures, used as reinforced material or coatings for the bare surface of titanium implants, are excellent additive materials to compensate titanium implants deficiencies-like poor surface interaction with surrounding tissues-by providing nanoporous surfaces and hierarchical structures. These nanostructures can also be loaded by diversified drugs-like osteoporosis drugs, anticancer and antibiotics-and used as local drug delivery systems. Furthermore, TiO2 nanostructures and their derivatives are new emerging antimicrobial agents to overcome human pathogenic microorganisms. However, like all other nanomaterials, toxicity and biocompatibility of TiO2 nanostructures must be considered. This review highlights recent advances, along with the properties and numerous applications of TiO2-based nanostructure compounds in nano biosensing, medical implants, drug delivery and antibacterial fields. Moreover, in the present study, some recent advances accomplished on the pharmaceutical applications of TiO2 nanostructures, as well as its toxicity and biocompatibility, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Jafari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Baharak Mahyad
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hadi Hashemzadeh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sajjad Janfaza
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14117, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Tooba Gholikhani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI53233, USA
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18
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Schmitz SI, Widholz B, Essers C, Becker M, Tulyaganov DU, Moghaddam A, Gonzalo de Juan I, Westhauser F. Superior biocompatibility and comparable osteoinductive properties: Sodium-reduced fluoride-containing bioactive glass belonging to the CaO-MgO-SiO 2 system as a promising alternative to 45S5 bioactive glass. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:55-65. [PMID: 31956736 PMCID: PMC6961063 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive glasses (BGs) are promising bone substitute materials. However, under certain circumstances BGs such as the well-known 45S5 Bioglass® (composition in wt%: 45.0 SiO2, 24.5 Na2O, 24.5 CaO, 6.0 P2O5) act cytotoxic due to a strong increase in pH caused by a burst release of sodium ions. A potential alternative is a sodium-reduced fluoride-containing BG belonging to the CaO–MgO–SiO2 system, namely BG1d-BG (composition in wt%: 46.1 SiO2, 28.7 CaO, 8.8 MgO, 6.2 P2O5, 5.7 CaF2, 4.5 Na2O), that has already been evaluated in-vitro, in-vivo and in preliminary clinical trials. Before further application, however, BG1d-BG should be compared to the benchmark amongst BGs, the 45S5 Bioglass® composition, to classify its effect on cell viability, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Therefore, in this study, the biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of both BGs were investigated in an indirect and direct culture setting to assess the effect of the ionic dissolution products and the BGs’ physical presence on the cells. The results indicated an advantage of BG1d-BG over 45S5 Bioglass® regarding cell viability and proliferation. Both BGs induced an earlier onset of osteogenic differentiation and accelerated the expression of late osteoblast marker genes compared to the control group. In conclusion, BG1d-BG is an attractive candidate for further experimental investigation. The basic mechanisms behind the different impact on cell behavior should be assessed in further detail, e.g. by further alteration of the BG compositions. 45S5 Bioglass® is considered to be the benchmark amongst bioactive glasses (BGs). Sodium-reduced fluoride-containing BG1d BG was compared to 45S5-Bioglass®. Both BGs induced osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs. BG1d had an advantageous impact on cell viability and proliferation. BG1d-BG is an attractive candidate for further experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Schmitz
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Widholz
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Essers
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Becker
- Disperse Solid Materials, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D U Tulyaganov
- Department of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, Turin Polytechnic University in Tashkent, 17 Small Ring Street, 100095, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - A Moghaddam
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.,ATORG - Aschaffenburg Trauma and Orthopedic Research Group, Center for Trauma Surgery, Orthopedics, and Sports Medicine, Klinikum Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Am Hasenkopf 1, 63739, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - I Gonzalo de Juan
- Disperse Solid Materials, Technical University Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Straße 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Westhauser
- Center of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Spinal Cord Injury, Heidelberg University Hospital, Schlierbacher Landstraße 200a, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
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Magnesium Enhances Osteogenesis of BMSCs by Tuning Osteoimmunomodulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7908205. [PMID: 31828131 PMCID: PMC6885163 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7908205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the process of bone tissue engineering, the osteoimmunomodulatory property of biomaterials is very important for osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, which determines the outcome of bone regeneration. Magnesium (Mg) is a biodegradable, biocompatible metal that has osteoconductive properties and has been regarded as a promising bone biomaterial. However, the high degradation rate of Mg leads to excessive inflammation, thereby restricting its application in bone tissue engineering. Importantly, different coatings or magnesium alloys have been utilized to lower the rate of degradation. In fact, a prior study proved that β-TCP coating of Mg scaffolds can modulate the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of Mg-based biomaterials and create a favorable immune microenvironment for osteogenesis. However, the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of Mg ions themselves have not been explored yet. In this study, the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of Mg ions with involvement of macrophages and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were systematically investigated. Microscale Mg ions (100 mg/L) were found to possess osteoimmunomodulatory properties that favor bone formation. Specifically, microscale Mg ions induced M2 phenotype changes of macrophages and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway. Microscale Mg ions also stimulated the expression of osteoinductive molecules in macrophages while Mg ions/macrophage-conditioned medium promoted osteogenesis of BMSCs through the BMP/SMAD signaling pathway. These findings indicate that manipulating Mg ion concentration can endow the Mg biomaterial with favorable osteoimmunomodulatory properties, thereby providing fundamental evidence for improving and modifying the effect of Mg-based bone biomaterials.
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Alenezi A, Galli S, Atefyekta S, Andersson M, Wennerberg A. Osseointegration effects of local release of strontium ranelate from implant surfaces in rats. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:116. [PMID: 31606798 PMCID: PMC6790188 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6314-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies have reported the beneficial effects of strontium on bone growth, particularly by stimulating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Thus, strontium release around implants has been suggested as one possible strategy to enhance implant osseointegration. AIM This study aimed to evaluate whether the local release of strontium ranelate (Sr-ranelate) from implants coated with mesoporous titania could improve bone formation around implants in an animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mesoporous titania (MT) thin coatings were formed utilizing the evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) method using Pluronic (P123) with or without the addition of poly propylene glycol (PPG) to create materials with two different pore sizes. The MT was deposited on disks and mini-screws, both made of cp Ti grade IV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to characterize the MT using a Leo Ultra55 FEG instrument (Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany). The MT was loaded with Sr-ranelate using soaking and the drug uptake and release kinetics to and from the surfaces were evaluated using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) utilizing a Q-sense E4 instrument. For the in vivo experiment, 24 adult rats were analyzed at two time points of implant healing (2 and 6 weeks). Titanium implants shaped as mini screws were coated with MT films and divided into two groups; supplied with Sr-ranelate (test group) and without Sr-ranelate (control group). Four implants (both test and control) were inserted in the tibia of each rat. The in vivo study was evaluated using histomorphometric analyses of the implant/bone interphase using optical microscopy. RESULTS SEM images showed the successful formation of evenly distributed MT films covering the entire surface with pore sizes of 6 and 7.2 nm, respectively. The QCM-D analysis revealed an absorption of 3300 ng/cm2 of Sr-ranelate on the 7.2 nm MT, which was about 3 times more than the observed amount on the 6 nm MT (1200 ng/cm2). Both groups showed sustained release of Sr-ranelate from MT coated disks. The histomorphometric analysis revealed no significant differences in bone implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) between the implants with Sr-ranelate and implants in the control groups after 2 and 6 weeks of healing (BIC with a p-value of 0.43 after 2 weeks and 0.172 after 6 weeks; BA with a p-value of 0.503 after 2 weeks, and 0.088 after 6 weeks). The mean BIC and BA values within the same group showed significant increase among all groups between 2 and 6 weeks. CONCLUSION This study could not confirm any positive effects of Sr-ranelate on implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alenezi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Silvia Galli
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Saba Atefyekta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Martin Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ann Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics/Dental Materials Science, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
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Qin S, Xu K, Nie B, Ji F, Zhang H. Approaches based on passive and active antibacterial coating on titanium to achieve antibacterial activity. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 106:2531-2539. [PMID: 29603857 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely applied as orthopedic implants for hip and knee prosthesis, fixation, and dental implants. However, Ti and its alloys are bioinert and susceptible to bacteria and biofilm formation. Strategies for improving the antibacterial properties of Ti can be divided into two approaches, namely, passive coating and active coating on the Ti surface. Passive coating on Ti mainly kills the bacteria in contact but does not kill plankton or bacteria dwell in the bone tissue around the Ti implant. Active coating mainly involves the release of antibacterial agents to kill the bacteria, but this may result in the development of bacterial resistance. Both strategies include advantages and disadvantages. This article reviews the current and potential future approaches for improving antibacterial activity on Ti. We mainly focus on current approaches for fabricating antibacterial Ti and its limitations and countermeasures, and provide direction for further studies of biofunctionalization of Ti with antibacterial properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A:2531-2539, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Binen Nie
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai hospital Affiliated to the Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Park JW. Positive regulation of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated osteoblast functions by strontium modification of an SLA titanium implant surface. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:802-811. [PMID: 31558092 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219878836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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23
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Biological Response to Macroporous Chitosan-Agarose Bone Scaffolds Comprising Mg- and Zn-Doped Nano-Hydroxyapatite. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153835. [PMID: 31390753 PMCID: PMC6695631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Modification of implantable scaffolds with magnesium and zinc for improvement of bone regeneration is a growing trend in the engineering of biomaterials. The aim of this study was to synthesize nano-hydroxyapatite substituted with magnesium (Mg2+) (HA-Mg) and zinc (Zn2+) (HA-Zn) ions in order to fabricate chitosan-agarose-hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds (chit/aga/HA) with improved biocompatibility. Fabricated biomaterials containing Mg2+ or Zn2+ were tested using osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells to determine the effect of incorporated metal ions on cell adhesion, spreading, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. The study was conducted in direct contact with the scaffolds (cells were seeded onto the biomaterials) and using fluid extracts of the materials. It demonstrated that incorporation of Mg2+ ions into chit/aga/HA structure increased spreading of the osteoblasts, promoted cell proliferation on the scaffold surface, and enhanced osteocalcin production by mesenchymal stem cells. Although biomaterial containing Zn2+ did not improve cell proliferation, it did enhance type I collagen production by mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular matrix mineralization as compared to cells cultured in a polystyrene well. Nevertheless, scaffolds made of pure HA gave better results than material with Zn2+. Results of the experiments clearly showed that modification of the chit/aga/HA scaffold with Zn2+ did not have any positive impact on cell behavior, whereas, incorporation of Mg2+ ions into its structure may significantly improve biocompatibility of the resultant material, increasing its potential in biomedical applications.
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Hu C, Ashok D, Nisbet DR, Gautam V. Bioinspired surface modification of orthopedic implants for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2019; 219:119366. [PMID: 31374482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical implants have been widely used in various orthopedic treatments, including total hip arthroplasty, joint arthrodesis, fracture fixation, non-union, dental repair, etc. The modern research and development of orthopedic implants have gradually shifted from traditional mechanical support to a bioactive graft in order to endow them with better osteoinduction and osteoconduction. Inspired by structural and mechanical properties of natural bone, this review provides a panorama of current biological surface modifications for facilitating the interaction between medical implants and bone tissue and gives a future outlook for fabricating the next-generation multifunctional and smart implants by systematically biomimicking the physiological processes involved in formation and functioning of bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Deepu Ashok
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Vini Gautam
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Li Y, Gao J, Yang L, Shen J, Jiang Q, Wu C, Zhu D, Zhang Y. Biodegradable and Bioactive Orthopedic Magnesium Implants with Multilayered Protective Coating. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:3290-3299. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Li
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liyun Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Dan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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26
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Gabbai-Armelin PR, Wilian Kido H, Fernandes KR, Fortulan CA, Muniz Renno AC. Effects of bio-inspired bioglass/collagen/magnesium composites on bone repair. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:261-272. [PMID: 31027447 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219845594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Gabbai-Armelin
- 1 Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim, Santos, Brazil
| | - Hueliton Wilian Kido
- 1 Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim, Santos, Brazil
| | - Kelly Rossetti Fernandes
- 1 Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim, Santos, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Fortulan
- 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of São Paulo (USP), Trabalhador São Carlense, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Muniz Renno
- 1 Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim, Santos, Brazil
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Albrektsson T, Wennerberg A. On osseointegration in relation to implant surfaces. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2019; 21 Suppl 1:4-7. [PMID: 30816639 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The understanding of mechanisms of osseointegration as well as applied knowledge about oral implant surfaces are of paramount importance for successful clinical results. PURPOSE The aim of the present article is to present an overview of osseointegration mechanisms and an introduction to surface innovations with relevance for osseointegration that will be published in the same supplement of Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present article is a narrative review of some osseointegration and implant surface-related details. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Osseointegration has a changed definition since it is realized today that oral implants are but foreign bodies and that this fact explains osseointegration as a protection mechanism of the tissues. Given adequate stability, bone tissue is formed around titanium implants to shield them from the tissues. Oral implant surfaces may be characterized by microroughness and nanoroughness, by surface chemical composition and by physical and mechanical parameters. An isotropic, moderately rough implant surface such as seen on the TiUnite device has displayed improved clinical results compared to previously used minimally rough or rough surfaces. However, there is a lack of clinical evidence supporting any particular type of nanoroughness pattern that, at best, is documented with results from animal studies. It is possible, but as yet unproven, that clinical results may be supported by a certain chemical composition of the implant surface. The same can be said with respect to hydrophilicity of implant surfaces; positive animal data may suggest some promise, but there is a lack of clinical evidence that hydrophilic implants result in improved clinical outcome of more hydrophobic surfaces. With respect to mechanical properties, it seems obvious that those must be encompassing the loading of oral implants, but we need more research on the mechanically ideal implant surface from a clinical aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Albrektsson
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Prosthodontics, University of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ann Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Przekora A. Current Trends in Fabrication of Biomaterials for Bone and Cartilage Regeneration: Materials Modifications and Biophysical Stimulations. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E435. [PMID: 30669519 PMCID: PMC6359292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of engineering of biomaterials is to fabricate implantable biocompatible scaffold that would accelerate regeneration of the tissue and ideally protect the wound against biodevice-related infections, which may cause prolonged inflammation and biomaterial failure. To obtain antimicrobial and highly biocompatible scaffolds promoting cell adhesion and growth, materials scientists are still searching for novel modifications of biomaterials. This review presents current trends in the field of engineering of biomaterials concerning application of various modifications and biophysical stimulation of scaffolds to obtain implants allowing for fast regeneration process of bone and cartilage as well as providing long-lasting antimicrobial protection at the site of injury. The article describes metal ion and plasma modifications of biomaterials as well as post-surgery external stimulations of implants with ultrasound and magnetic field, providing accelerated regeneration process. Finally, the review summarizes recent findings concerning the use of piezoelectric biomaterials in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Przekora
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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29
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Effects of Surface Nanotopography and Calcium Chemistry of Titanium Bone Implants on Early Blood Platelet and Macrophage Cell Function. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1362958. [PMID: 30069461 PMCID: PMC6057348 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1362958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early responses of blood platelets and immunoinflammatory cells (macrophages) to titanium (Ti) bone implants affect the subsequent biological healing of implants by modulating early tissue healing-microenvironments via the formation of temporary fibrin matrix scaffolds for stem cell migration and production of growth factors and cytokines. This study investigated the effects of nanoscale surface topography and calcium ion (Ca2+) modification of Ti surfaces on biocompatibility regulated by blood platelets and macrophages, for the future surface design of Ti bone implants with enhanced early osteogenic capacity. A nanostructured Ti surface with or without Ca2+ enrichment was prepared using the hydrothermal treatment. Immediate and early functions of platelets and macrophages modulated by modified Ti surfaces were investigated by morphological observation of platelet spreading and fibrin matrix formation, platelet growth factor release, immunostaining of macrophage phenotypes, and macrophage inflammatory cytokine production. The results showed that surface nanoscale topographical modification of Ti promotes blood platelet activation and suppresses the inflammatory response of macrophages. In addition, surface chemistry modifications with Ca2+ enhanced the platelet response-modulating function of the nanostructured Ti surface, which accelerated immediate fibrin matrix formation and platelet-derived growth factor-AB release. Thus, nanotopographical and Ca2+ modifications of implant surfaces are expected to be effective approaches that favor the initial phase of wound healing around the Ti bone implants through positive modulation of immediate blood platelet function and early macrophage immunoinflammatory response.
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30
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Offermanns V, Andersen OZ, Sillassen M, Almtoft KP, Andersen IH, Kloss F, Foss M. A comparative in vivo study of strontium-functionalized and SLActive™ implant surfaces in early bone healing. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2189-2197. [PMID: 29692613 PMCID: PMC5903483 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s161061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Studies have shown that strontium-doped medical applications benefit bone metabolism leading to improved bone healing and osseointegration. Based on this knowledge, the aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of an implant surface, functionalized by a physical vapor deposition (PVD) coating (Ti-Sr-O), designed to yield predictable release of strontium. The Ti-Sr-O functionalized surface is compared to a routinely used, commercially available surface (SLActive™) with respect to bone-to-implant contact (BIC%) and new bone formation (BF%) in two defined regions of interest (ROI-I and ROI-II, respectively). Materials and methods: Ti-Sr-O functionalized, SLActive, and Grade 4 titanium implants were inserted in the femoral condyle of adult male New Zealand White rabbits. The PVD magnetron-sputtered Ti-Sr-O surface coating was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology and coating thickness. Strontium release and mechanical stability of the coating, under simulated insertion conditions, were evaluated. Furthermore, histomorphometrical BIC and BF were carried out 2 weeks after insertion. Results Histomorphometry revealed increased bone formation of Ti-Sr-O with significant differences compared to SLActive and Grade 4 titanium in both regions of interest, ROI-I and ROI-II, at 0–250 µm and 250–500 µm distance from the implant surfaces. Analogous results of bone-to-implant contact were observed for the two modified surfaces. Conclusion The results show that a nanopatterned Ti-Sr-O functionalized titanium surface, with sustained release of strontium, increases peri-implant bone volume and could potentially contribute to enhancement of bone anchorage of osseointegrated implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Offermanns
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ole Z Andersen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Sillassen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus P Almtoft
- Tribology Center, Danish Technological Institute, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Inge H Andersen
- Tribology Center, Danish Technological Institute, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Foss
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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31
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O’Neill E, Awale G, Daneshmandi L, Umerah O, Lo KWH. The roles of ions on bone regeneration. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:879-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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32
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Offermanns V, Andersen OZ, Riede G, Sillassen M, Jeppesen CS, Almtoft KP, Talasz H, Öhman-Mägi C, Lethaus B, Tolba R, Kloss F, Foss M. Effect of strontium surface-functionalized implants on early and late osseointegration: A histological, spectrometric and tomographic evaluation. Acta Biomater 2018; 69:385-394. [PMID: 29425718 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous in vivo, in vitro and clinical studies report on beneficial effects of strontium with respect to increased bone growth. Based on this knowledge the aim of this study was to evaluate early and late osseointegration stages of functionalized titanium implants showing sustained release of strontium (Sr) and further investigate its potential systemic effect. Strontium functionalized (Ti-Sr-O) and Grade 4 (Control) titanium implants were inserted in the femoral condyle of New Zealand White rabbits. The Ti-Sr-O coating was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDX) for structure, coating thickness and chemical composition. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used to evaluate released strontium in vitro while Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) was utilized to monitor serum levels of strontium and calcium. Additionally, histological and tomographic analysis of bone-to-implant contact (BIC%) and bone formation (BF%) was performed, following implantation periods of two or twelve weeks, respectively. Median values for BIC% for Ti-Sr-O revealed significant differences within the two- and twelve-week observation periods, while exceeding BF% was discovered especially after twelve weeks when performing the histological evaluation. The results from the micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) showed no significant differences, when comparing the experimental groups. AAS measurements did not indicate a systemic effect by the local strontium release. Within the limitations of the study, it was shown that a Ti-Sr-O coating with sustained release characteristics of strontium, accelerates bone apposition and represents a potential potent surface modification for endosseous medical implant devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study presents first data with respect to early and late in vivo response on a strontium functionalized titanium surface comprising a nanotopography manufactured by a magnetron sputtering process. We investigated different osseointegration stages of screw-shaped implants with dental implant geometries in a rabbit femur model observing beneficial effects of the functionalized surface on bone-to-implant contact and bone formation caused by tailored release of the bone anabolic strontium. Histomorphometrical data revealed that a functionalized titanium surface with controlled liberation of strontium accelerates osseointegration while spectrometry measurements did not indicate a potential systemic effect of this osteoinductive agent and could thus have impact on modifications of medical implant devices.
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López-Álvarez M, López-Puente V, Rodríguez-Valencia C, Angelomé PC, Liz-Marzán LM, Serra J, Pastoriza-Santos I, González P. Osteogenic effects of simvastatin-loaded mesoporous titania thin films. Biomed Mater 2018; 13:025017. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa95f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tang L, Wei W, Wang X, Qian J, Li J, He A, Yang L, Jiang X, Li X, Wei J. LAPONITE® nanorods regulating degradability, acidic-alkaline microenvironment, apatite mineralization and MC3T3-E1 cells responses to poly(butylene succinate) based bio-nanocomposite scaffolds. RSC Adv 2018; 8:10794-10805. [PMID: 35541558 PMCID: PMC9078889 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13452e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel bio-nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering were prepared by incorporation of LAPONITE® (LAP) nanorods into poly(butylene succinate) (PBSu). The results showed that the scaffolds had well interconnected macroporous structures with macropore size in the range of 200–400 μm and porosity of around 70%. In addition, the water absorption, degradability and apatite mineralization ability of the scaffolds were clearly enhanced with the increase of LAP content. Moreover, the degradation of LAP produced alkaline products, which neutralized the acidic degradable products of PBSu, and formed a weak alkaline microenvironment similar to a biological environment. Furthermore, the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells onto the scaffolds were significantly promoted with the increase of LAP content, in which the scaffold with 30 wt% LAP (sPL30) exhibited the best stimulation effect on the cells responses. The results suggested that the promotion of cells responses could be ascribed to the improvements of surface characteristics (including roughness, hydrophilicity, ions release and apatite formation, etc.) of the scaffolds. The sPL30 scaffold with excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity and degradability had great potential for applications in bone tissue engineering. PBSu/LAP bio-nanocomposite scaffolds were prepared, and the sPL30 scaffolds significantly stimulated cell adhesion and proliferation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangchen Tang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Wu Wei
- College of Materials Science & Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Jianyou Li
- Huzhou Center Hospital
- Department Orthopedic
- Huzhou 313000
- China
| | - Axiang He
- Second Mil. Med. Univ
- Changzheng Hosp
- Dep. Orthopaed Surg
- Shanghai 200003
- China
| | - Lili Yang
- Second Mil. Med. Univ
- Changzheng Hosp
- Dep. Orthopaed Surg
- Shanghai 200003
- China
| | - Xuesheng Jiang
- Huzhou Center Hospital
- Department Orthopedic
- Huzhou 313000
- China
| | - Xiongfeng Li
- Huzhou Center Hospital
- Department Orthopedic
- Huzhou 313000
- China
| | - Jie Wei
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education
- East China University of Science and Technology
- 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237
- China
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Strontium and magnesium ions released from bioactive titanium metal promote early bone bonding in a rabbit implant model. Acta Biomater 2017; 63:383-392. [PMID: 28919512 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We have previously developed the "alkali and heat treatment" method to confer bioactivity (bone-bonding ability) to titanium metal (Ti). As strontium (Sr) and magnesium (Mg) ions reportedly promote osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation and accelerate bone formation, we improved this method to induce the release of Sr (Sr-Ti) or Mg (Mg-Ti) ions from Ti in a previous study. Here, we evaluated the bioactivity of these novel surface treatments, Sr-Ti and Mg-Ti. In vitro evaluation of cell viability, expression of integrin β1, β catenin, and cyclin D1, osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and extracellular mineralization using MC3T3-E1 cells revealed that Sr-Ti and Mg-Ti enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. In rabbit in vivo studies, Sr-Ti and Mg-Ti also provided greater biomechanical strength and bone-implant contact than the positive control Ti (Ca-Ti), especially at the early stage (4-8weeks), and maintained these properties for a longer period (16-24weeks). Advantages of the improved method include process simplicity, applicability for any implant shape, and lack of adverse effects on implant composition and structure. Therefore, our treatment is promising for clinical applications to achieve early bone bonding. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Implantation into osteoporotic bone constitutes a challenging problem because of early migration or loosening of the implant, which is primarily due to insufficient initial fixation in porotic bone. Therefore, it is desirable to provide implants with a capacity for early bone bonding. We have achieved conferring early bone bonding ability to titanium metal by releasing strontium ions or magnesium ions. Our treatment is promising for clinical applications to achieve early bone bonding of orthopedic or dental Ti-based implants.
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Magnesium Chloride promotes Osteogenesis through Notch signaling activation and expansion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7839. [PMID: 28798480 PMCID: PMC5552799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08379-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are osteoblasts progenitors and a variety of studies suggest that they may play an important role for the health in the field of bone regeneration. Magnesium supplementation is gaining importance as adjuvant treatment to improve osteogenesis, although the mechanisms involving this process are not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of magnesium on MSC differentiation. Here we show that in rat bone marrow MSC, magnesium chloride increases MSC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner promoting osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. These effects are reduced by 2-APB administration, an inhibitor of magnesium channel TRPM7. Of note, magnesium supplementation did not increase the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, although it promoted the activation of Notch1 signaling, which was also decreased by addition of 2-APB. Electron microscopy showed higher proliferation, organization and maturation of osteoblasts in bone decellularized scaffolds after magnesium addition. In summary, our results demonstrate that magnesium chloride enhances MSC proliferation by Notch1 signaling activation and induces osteogenic differentiation, shedding light on the understanding of the role of magnesium during bone regeneration.
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Galli S, Stocchero M, Andersson M, Karlsson J, He W, Lilin T, Wennerberg A, Jimbo R. The effect of magnesium on early osseointegration in osteoporotic bone: a histological and gene expression investigation. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:2195-2205. [PMID: 28349251 PMCID: PMC5486930 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-4004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Magnesium has a key role in osteoporosis and could enhance implant osseointegration in osteoporotic patients. Titanium implants impregnated with Mg ions were installed in the tibia of ovariectomized rats. The release of Mg induced a significant increase of bone formation and the expression of anabolic markers in the peri-implant bone. INTRODUCTION The success of endosseous implants is highly predictable in patients possessing normal bone status, but it may be impaired in patients with osteoporosis. Thus, the application of strategies that adjuvate implant healing in compromized sites is of great interest. Magnesium has a key role in osteoporosis prevention and it is an interesting candidate for this purpose. In this study, the cellular and molecular effects of magnesium release from implants were investigated at the early healing stages of implant integration. METHODS Osteoporosis was induced in 24 female rats by means of ovariectomy and low-calcium diet. Titanium mini-screws were coated with mesoporous titania films and were loaded with magnesium (test group) or left as native (control group). The implants were inserted in the tibia and femur of the rats. One, 2 and 7 days after implantation, the implants were retrieved and histologically examined. In addition, expression of genes was evaluated in the peri-implant bone tissue at day 7 by means of quantitative polymerase chain reactions with pathway-oriented arrays. RESULTS The histological evaluation revealed that new bone formation started already during the first week of healing for both groups. However, around the test implants, new bone was significantly more abundant and spread along a larger surface of the implants. In addition, the release of magnesium induced a significantly higher expression of BMP6. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that the release of magnesium promoted rapid bone formation and the activation of osteogenic signals in the vicinity of implants placed in osteoporotic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Galli
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - M Stocchero
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - M Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Karlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - W He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - T Lilin
- Center for Biomedical Research, ECole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94700, Maisons Alfort, France
| | - A Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - R Jimbo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Bensiamar F, Olalde B, Cifuentes SC, Argarate N, Atorrasagasti G, González-Carrasco JL, García-Rey E, Vilaboa N, Saldaña L. Bioactivity of dexamethasone-releasing coatings on polymer/magnesium composites. Biomed Mater 2016; 11:055011. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/11/5/055011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Galli S, Andersson M, Jinno Y, Karlsson J, He W, Xue Y, Mustafa K, Wennerberg A, Jimbo R. Magnesium release from mesoporous carriers on endosseus implants does not influence bone maturation at 6 weeks in rabbit bone. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:2118-2125. [PMID: 27405685 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The release of magnesium ions (Mg2+ ) from titanium surfaces has been shown to boost the initial biological response of peri-implant bone and to increase the biomechanical strength of osseointegration. The objective of the present paper was to investigate if the initial improvement in osseointegration would influence the bone remodeling also during the maturation stage of bone healing. METHODS Titanium implants were coated with mesoporous titania layers and either loaded with Mg2+ (test group) or left untreated (control group). The implants were inserted in the tibiae of 10 New Zealand White rabbits. Osseointegration was assessed after 6 weeks by means of biomechanical testing (RTQ), non-decalcified histology and histomorphometry (BIC%, BA%, NBA%). The expression of genes involved in the bone formation and remodeling was quantified using qPCR. RESULTS Mg2+ releasing mesoporous titania coatings showed, on average, higher removal torques and histomorphometrical outcomes (RTQ: 17.2 Ncm vs. 15 Ncm; BIC: 38.8% vs. 32.1%; BA%: 71.6% vs. 64%; NBA% 62.5% vs. 54% for the tests vs the controls); however, the differences were not statistically significant. Three osteogenic markers, osteocalcin (OC), collagen 1 alpha 1 (COL1A1), and alkalin phosphatase (ALPL), were respectively 2-fold, 1.53-fold, and 1.13-fold up-regulated in the control group compared to the test. The expression of COL1A1 was particularly high in both groups, while the biomarkers for remodeling and inflammation showed a low expression in both groups. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggested that the initial enhancement in osseointegration induced by magnesium release from mesoporous titania coatings has no detrimental effects during bone maturation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2118-2125, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Galli
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Andersson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yohei Jinno
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Johan Karlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Wenxiao He
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Xue
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Center for Clinical Dental Research, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Ann Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ryo Jimbo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden
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Cecchinato F, Atefyekta S, Wennerberg A, Andersson M, Jimbo R, Davies JR. Modulation of the nanometer pore size improves magnesium adsorption into mesoporous titania coatings and promotes bone morphogenic protein 4 expression in adhering osteoblasts. Dent Mater 2016; 32:e148-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Cai X, Cai J, Ma K, Huang P, Gong L, Huang D, Jiang T, Wang Y. Fabrication and characterization of Mg-doped chitosan-gelatin nanocompound coatings for titanium surface functionalization. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2016; 27:954-71. [PMID: 27115206 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2016.1170416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in clinic and achieved great success. Due to the bio-inertness of titanium surface, challenges still exit in some compromised conditions. The present study aimed to functionalize titanium surface with magnesium (Mg)-doped chitosan/gelatin (CS/G) nanocompound coatings via electrophoretic deposition (EPD). CS/G coatings loaded with different amount of magnesium were successfully prepared on titanium substrate via EPD. Physicochemical characterization of the coatings confirmed that magnesium ions were loaded into the coatings in a dose-dependent manner. XRD results demonstrated that co-deposition of magnesium influenced the crystallinity of the coatings, and a new crystalline substance presented, namely hydrated basic magnesium carbonate. Mechanical tests showed improved tensile and shear bond strength of the magnesium-doped coatings, while the excessively high magnesium concentration could eventually decrease the bonding strength. Sustained release of magnesium ion was detected by ICP-OES within 28 days. TEM images also displayed that nanoparticles could be released from the coatings. In vitro cellular response assays demonstrated that the Mg-doped nanocompound coatings could enhance the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells compared to CS/G coatings. Therefore, it could be concluded that Mg-doped CS/G nanocompound coatings were successfully fabricated on titanium substrates via EPD. It would be a promising candidate to functionalize titanium surface with such organic-inorganic nanocompound coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Cai
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Jing Cai
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Kena Ma
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,b Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Pin Huang
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Lingling Gong
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Dan Huang
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Tao Jiang
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,b Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yining Wang
- a The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China.,b Department of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
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Kim HS, Kim YJ, Jang JH, Park JW. Surface Engineering of Nanostructured Titanium Implants with Bioactive Ions. J Dent Res 2016; 95:558-65. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034516638026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface nanofeatures and bioactive ion chemical modification are centrally important in current titanium (Ti) oral implants for enhancing osseointegration. However, it is unclear whether the addition of bioactive ions definitively enhances the osteogenic capacity of a nanostructured Ti implant. We systematically investigated the osteogenesis process of human multipotent adipose stem cells triggered by bioactive ions in the nanostructured Ti implant surface. Here, we report that bioactive ion surface modification (calcium [Ca] or strontium [Sr]) and resultant ion release significantly increase osteogenic activity of the nanofeatured Ti surface. We for the first time demonstrate that ion modification actively induces focal adhesion development and expression of critical adhesion–related genes (vinculin, talin, and RHOA) of human multipotent adipose stem cells, resulting in enhanced osteogenic differentiation on the nanofeatured Ti surface. It is also suggested that fibronectin adsorption may have only a weak effect on early cellular events of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at least in the case of the nanostructured Ti implant surface incorporating Sr. Moreover, results indicate that Sr overrides the effect of Ca and other important surface factors (i.e., surface area and wettability) in the osteogenesis function of various MSCs (derived from human adipose, bone marrow, and murine bone marrow). In addition, surface engineering of nanostructured Ti implants using Sr ions is expected to exert additional beneficial effects on implant bone healing through the proper balancing of the allocation of MSCs between adipogenesis and osteogenesis. This work provides insight into the future surface design of Ti dental implants using surface bioactive ion chemistry and nanotopography.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.-S. Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y.-J. Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J.-H. Jang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - J.-W. Park
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Stanec Z, Halambek J, Maldini K, Balog M, Križik P, Schauperl Z, Ćatić A. Titanium Ions Release from an Innovative Titanium-Magnesium Composite: an in Vitro Study. Acta Stomatol Croat 2016; 50:40-8. [PMID: 27688425 DOI: 10.15644/asc50/1/6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The innovative titanium-magnesium composite (Ti-Mg) was produced by powder metallurgy (P/M) method and is characterized in terms of corrosion behavior. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two groups of experimental material, 1 mass% (Ti-1Mg) and 2 mass% (Ti-2Mg) of magnesium in titanium matrix, were tested and compared to commercially pure titanium (CP Ti). Immersion test and chemical analysis of four solutions: artificial saliva; artificial saliva pH 4; artificial saliva with fluoride and Hank balanced salt solution were performed after 42 days of immersion, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to detect the amount of released titanium ions (Ti). SEM and EDS analysis were used for surface characterization. RESULTS The difference between the results from different test solutions was assessed by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test at p<0.05. The influence of predictor variables was found by multiple regression analysis. The results of the present study revealed a low corrosion rate of titanium from the experimental Ti-Mg group. Up to 46 and 23 times lower dissolution of Ti from Ti-1Mg and Ti-2Mg, respectively was observed compared to the control group. Among the tested solutions, artificial saliva with fluorides exhibited the highest corrosion effect on all specimens tested. SEM micrographs showed preserved dual phase surface structure and EDS analysis suggested a favorable surface bioactivity. CONCLUSION In conclusion, Ti-Mg produced by P/M as a material with better corrosion properties when compared to CP Ti is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Stanec
- Private Dental Office Zlatko Stanec, DMD, Samobor, Croatia
| | - Jasna Halambek
- Karlovac University of Applied Sciences, Department for general and organic chemistry, Karlovac, Croatia
| | | | - Martin Balog
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of materials and machine mechanics, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Križik
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of materials and machine mechanics, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zdravko Schauperl
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Amir Ćatić
- University of Zagreb, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthodontics, Zagreb, Croatia
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Lee CH, Kim YJ, Jang JH, Park JW. Modulating macrophage polarization with divalent cations in nanostructured titanium implant surfaces. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:085101. [PMID: 26807875 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/8/085101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale topographical modification and surface chemistry alteration using bioactive ions are centrally important processes in the current design of the surface of titanium (Ti) bone implants with enhanced bone healing capacity. Macrophages play a central role in the early tissue healing stage and their activity in response to the implant surface is known to affect the subsequent healing outcome. Thus, the positive modulation of macrophage phenotype polarization (i.e. towards the regenerative M2 rather than the inflammatory M1 phenotype) with a modified surface is essential for the osteogenesis funtion of Ti bone implants. However, relatively few advances have been made in terms of modulating the macrophage-centered early healing capacity in the surface design of Ti bone implants for the two important surface properties of nanotopography and and bioactive ion chemistry. We investigated whether surface bioactive ion modification exerts a definite beneficial effect on inducing regenerative M2 macrophage polarization when combined with the surface nanotopography of Ti. Our results indicate that nanoscale topographical modification and surface bioactive ion chemistry can positively modulate the macrophage phenotype in a Ti implant surface. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that chemical surface modification using divalent cations (Ca and Sr) dramatically induces the regenerative M2 macrophage phenotype of J774.A1 cells in nanostructured Ti surfaces. In this study, divalent cation chemistry regulated the cell shape of adherent macrophages and markedly up-regulated M2 macrophage phenotype expression when combined with the nanostructured Ti surface. These results provide insight into the surface engineering of future Ti bone implants that are harmonized between the macrophage-governed early wound healing process and subsequent mesenchymal stem cell-centered osteogenesis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ho Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, 188-1, Samduk 2Ga, Jung-Gu, Daegu 700-412, Korea
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Cifuentes SC, Bensiamar F, Gallardo-Moreno AM, Osswald TA, González-Carrasco JL, Benavente R, González-Martín ML, García-Rey E, Vilaboa N, Saldaña L. Incorporation of Mg particles into PDLLA regulates mesenchymal stem cell and macrophage responses. J Biomed Mater Res A 2015; 104:866-78. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C. Cifuentes
- Departamento de Metalurgia Física, Centro Nacional De Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC); Avda. Gregorio Del Amo 8 Madrid 28040 Spain
| | - Fátima Bensiamar
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Ósea y Biomateriales, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ; Paseo De La Castellana 261 Madrid 28046 Spain
- CIBER De Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid; Spain
| | - Amparo M. Gallardo-Moreno
- Departamento De Física Aplicada; Universidad De Extremadura; Avda. De Elvas S/N Badajoz 06006 Spain
- CIBER De Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid; Spain
| | - Tim A. Osswald
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Engineering Center (PEC); University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin
| | - José L. González-Carrasco
- Departamento de Metalurgia Física, Centro Nacional De Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM-CSIC); Avda. Gregorio Del Amo 8 Madrid 28040 Spain
- CIBER De Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid; Spain
| | - Rosario Benavente
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto De Ciencia Y Tecnología De Polímeros ICTP-CSIC; Madrid Spain
| | - María L. González-Martín
- Departamento De Física Aplicada; Universidad De Extremadura; Avda. De Elvas S/N Badajoz 06006 Spain
- CIBER De Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid; Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Rey
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Ósea y Biomateriales, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ; Paseo De La Castellana 261 Madrid 28046 Spain
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ, Paseo De La Castellana 261; Madrid 28046 Spain
| | - Nuria Vilaboa
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Ósea y Biomateriales, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ; Paseo De La Castellana 261 Madrid 28046 Spain
- CIBER De Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid; Spain
| | - Laura Saldaña
- Grupo de Fisiopatología Ósea y Biomateriales, Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ; Paseo De La Castellana 261 Madrid 28046 Spain
- CIBER De Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid; Spain
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Karlsson J, Atefyekta S, Andersson M. Controlling drug delivery kinetics from mesoporous titania thin films by pore size and surface energy. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4425-36. [PMID: 26185444 PMCID: PMC4501225 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s83005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The osseointegration capacity of bone-anchoring implants can be improved by the use of drugs that are administrated by an inbuilt drug delivery system. However, to attain superior control of drug delivery and to have the ability to administer drugs of varying size, including proteins, further material development of drug carriers is needed. Mesoporous materials have shown great potential in drug delivery applications to provide and maintain a drug concentration within the therapeutic window for the desired period of time. Moreover, drug delivery from coatings consisting of mesoporous titania has shown to be promising to improve healing of bone-anchoring implants. Here we report on how the delivery of an osteoporosis drug, alendronate, can be controlled by altering pore size and surface energy of mesoporous titania thin films. The pore size was varied from 3.4 nm to 7.2 nm by the use of different structure-directing templates and addition of a swelling agent. The surface energy was also altered by grafting dimethylsilane to the pore walls. The drug uptake and release profiles were monitored in situ using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and it was shown that both pore size and surface energy had a profound effect on both the adsorption and release kinetics of alendronate. The QCM-D data provided evidence that the drug delivery from mesoporous titania films is controlled by a binding-diffusion mechanism. The yielded knowledge of release kinetics is crucial in order to improve the in vivo tissue response associated to therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Karlsson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Saba Atefyekta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Andersson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Han P, Cheng P, Zhang S, Zhao C, Ni J, Zhang Y, Zhong W, Hou P, Zhang X, Zheng Y, Chai Y. In vitro and in vivo studies on the degradation of high-purity Mg (99.99wt.%) screw with femoral intracondylar fractured rabbit model. Biomaterials 2015; 64:57-69. [PMID: 26117658 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-purity magnesium (HP Mg) takes advantage in no alloying toxic elements and slower degradation rate in lack of second phases and micro-galvanic corrosion. In this study, as rolled HP Mg was fabricated into screws and went through in vitro immersion tests, cytotoxicity test and bioactive analysis. The HP Mg screws performed uniform corrosion behavior in vitro, and its extraction promoted cell viability, bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation related gene, i.e. ALP, osteopontin (OPN) and RUNX2 of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Then HP Mg screws were implanted in vivo as load-bearing implant to fix bone fracture and subsequently gross observation, range of motion (ROM), X-ray scanning, qualitative micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis, histological analysis, bending-force test and SEM morphology of retrieved screws were performed respectively at 4, 8, 16 and 24 weeks. As a result, the retrieved HP Mg screws in fixation of rabbit femoral intracondylar fracture showed uniform degradation morphology and enough bending force. However, part of PLLA screws was broken in bolt, although its screw thread was still intact. Good osseointegration was revealed surrounding HP Mg screws and increased bone volume and bone mineral density were detected at fracture gap, indicating the rigid fixation and enhanced fracture healing process provided by HP Mg screws. Consequently, the HP Mg showed great potential as internal fixation devices in intra-articular fracture operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Han
- Orthopaedic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Pengfei Cheng
- Orthopaedic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shaoxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Suzhou Origin Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215513, China
| | - Changli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jiahua Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Wanrun Zhong
- Orthopaedic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Peng Hou
- Orthopaedic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaonong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Suzhou Origin Medical Technology Co. Ltd., Suzhou 215513, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- Department of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yimin Chai
- Orthopaedic Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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