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Wang J, Yang X, Xu M, Liu H, Liu L, Tan Z. Distinct cellular microenvironment with cytotypic effects regulates orderly regeneration of vascular tissues. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101033. [PMID: 38533377 PMCID: PMC10963652 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of the architecturally complex blood vascular system requires precise temporal and spatial control of cell behaviours. Additional components must be integrated into the structure to achieve clinical success for in situ tissue engineering. Consequently, this study proposed a universal method for including any substrate type in vascular cell extracellular matrices (VCEM) via regulating selective adhesion to promote vascular tissue regeneration. The results uncovered that the VCEM worked as cell adhesion substrates, exhibited cell type specificity, and functioned as an address signal for recognition by vascular cells, which resulted in matching with the determined cells. The qPCR and immunofluorescence results revealed that a cell type-specific VCEM could be designed to promote or inhibit cell adhesion, consistenting with the expression patterns of eyes absent 3 (Eya3). In addition, a 3D vascular graft combined with VCEM which could recapitulate the vascular cell-like microenvironment was fabricated. The vascular graft revealed a prospective role for cellular microenvironment in the establishment of vascular cell distribution and tissue architecture, and potentiated the orderly regeneration and functional recovery of vascular tissues in vivo. The findings demonstrate that differential adhesion between cell types due to the cellular microenvironment is sufficient to drive the complex assembly of engineered blood vessel functional units, and underlies hierarchical organization during vascular regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Institute of Shenzhen, Hunan University Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xun Yang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518028, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Miaomiao Xu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, Guangzhou, 511300, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, Guangzhou, 511300, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Shenzhen University), Shenzhen, 518028, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhikai Tan
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- Institute of Shenzhen, Hunan University Shenzhen, 518000, China
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, Guangzhou, 511300, China
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2
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Zhao J, Lu F, Dong Z. Strategies for Constructing Tissue-Engineered Fat for Soft Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:395-408. [PMID: 38032533 PMCID: PMC10987464 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00607-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repairing soft tissue defects caused by inflammation, tumors, and trauma remains a major challenge for surgeons. Adipose tissue engineering (ATE) provides a promising way to solve this problem. METHODS This review summarizes the current ATE strategies for soft tissue reconstruction, and introduces potential construction methods for ATE. RESULTS Scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies are the two main approaches in ATE. Although several of these methods have been effective clinically, both scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies have limitations. The third strategy is a synergistic tissue engineering strategy and combines the advantages of scaffold-based and scaffold-free strategies. CONCLUSION Personalized construction, stable survival of reconstructed tissues and functional recovery of organs are future goals of building tissue-engineered fat for ATE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Plastic Surgery Institute of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ziqing Dong
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Mariniello MD, Ghilli M, Favati B, Gerges I, Colizzi L, Tamplenizza M, Tocchio A, Martello F, Ghilardi M, Cossu MC, Danti S, Roncella M. Cell-free biomimetic polyurethane-based scaffold for breast reconstruction following non-malignant lesion resection. A first-in-human study. Breast Cancer 2023:10.1007/s12282-023-01446-5. [PMID: 36977972 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-023-01446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the volume of tissue removed, conservative surgery (BCS) cannot always guarantee satisfactory cosmetic results, unless resorting to more complex oncoplastic approaches. Investigating an alternative to optimize aesthetic outcomes minimizing surgical complexity, was the purpose of this study. We assessed an innovative surgical procedure based on the use of a biomimetic polyurethane-based scaffold intended for regenerating soft-tissue resembling fat, in patients undergoing BCS for non-malignant breast lesions. Safety and performance of the scaffold, and safety and feasibility of the entire implant procedure were evaluated. METHODS A volunteer sample of 15 female patients underwent lumpectomy with immediate device positioning, performing seven study visits with six-month follow-up. We evaluated incidence of adverse events (AEs), changes in breast appearance (using photographs and anthropomorphic measurements), interference with ultrasound and MRI (assessed by two independent investigators), investigator's satisfaction (through a VAS scale), patient's pain (through a VAS scale) and quality of life (QoL) (using the BREAST-Q© questionnaire). Data reported are the results of the interim analysis on the first 5 patients. RESULTS No AEs were device related nor serious. Breast appearance was unaltered and the device did not interference with imaging. High investigator's satisfaction, minimal post-operative pain and positive impact on QoL were also detected. CONCLUSIONS Albeit on a limited number of patients, data showed positive outcomes both in terms of safety and performance, paving the way to an innovative breast reconstructive approach with a potential remarkable impact on clinical application of tissue engineering. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04131972, October 18, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matteo Ghilli
- Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Favati
- Breast Radiology, Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Livio Colizzi
- Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maria Ghilardi
- Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Cossu
- Breast Radiology, Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Manuela Roncella
- Breast Cancer Center, University Hospital of Pisa, Via Roma 57, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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4
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Born G, Plantier E, Nannini G, Caimi A, Mazzoleni A, Asnaghi MA, Muraro MG, Scherberich A, Martin I, García-García A. Mini- and macro-scale direct perfusion bioreactors with optimized flow for engineering 3D tissues. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2200405. [PMID: 36428229 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202200405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bioreactors enabling direct perfusion of cell suspensions or culture media through the pores of 3D scaffolds have long been used in tissue engineering to improve cell seeding efficiency as well as uniformity of cell distribution and tissue development. A macro-scale U-shaped bioreactor for cell culture under perfusion (U-CUP) has been previously developed. In that system, the geometry of the perfusion chamber results in rather uniform flow through most of the scaffold volume, but not in the peripheral regions. Here, the design of the perfusion chamber has been optimized to provide a more homogenous perfusion flow through the scaffold. Then, the design of this macro-scale flow-optimized perfusion bioreactor (macro-Flopper) has been miniaturized to create a mini-scale device (mini-Flopper) compatible with medium-throughput assays. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling of the new chamber design, including a porous scaffold structure, revealed that Flopper bioreactors provide highly homogenous flow speed, pressure, and shear stress. Finally, a proof-of-principle of the functionality of the Flopper systems by engineering endothelialized stromal tissues using human adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells has been offered. Preliminary evidence showing that flow optimization improves cell maintenance in the engineered tissues will have to be confirmed in future studies. In summary, two bioreactor models with optimized perfusion flow and complementary sizes have been proposed that might be exploited to engineer homogenous tissues and, in the case of the mini-Flopper, for drug testing assays with a limited amount of biological material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordian Born
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evelia Plantier
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guido Nannini
- Department of Electronics, Informatics and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caimi
- Department of Electronics, Informatics and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Andrea Mazzoleni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Adelaide Asnaghi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuele G Muraro
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Scherberich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrés García-García
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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5
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Entz L, Falgayrac G, Chauveau C, Pasquier G, Lucas S. The extracellular matrix of human bone marrow adipocytes and glucose concentration differentially alter mineralization quality without impairing osteoblastogenesis. Bone Rep 2022; 17:101622. [PMID: 36187598 PMCID: PMC9519944 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow adipocytes (BMAds) accrue in various states of osteoporosis and interfere with bone remodeling through the secretion of various factors. However, involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by BMAds in the impairment of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell (BM-MSC) osteoblastogenesis has received little attention. In type 2 diabetes (T2D), skeletal fragility is associated with several changes in bone quality that are incompletely understood, and BMAd quantity increases in relationship to poor glycemic control. Considering their altered phenotype in this pathophysiological context, we aimed to determine the contribution of the ECM of mature BMAds to osteoblastogenesis and mineralization quality in the context of chronic hyperglycemia. Human BM-MSCs were differentiated for 21 days in adipogenic medium containing either a normoglycemic (LG, 5.5 mM) or a high glucose concentration (HG, 25 mM). The ECM laid down by BMAds were devitalized through cell removal to examine their impact on the proliferation and differentiation of BM-MSCs toward osteoblastogenesis in LG and HG conditions. Compared to control plates, both adipocyte ECMs promoted cell adhesion and proliferation. As shown by the unmodified RUNX2 and osteocalcin mRNA levels, BM-MSC commitment in osteoblastogenesis was hampered by neither the hyperglycemic condition nor the adipocyte matrices. However, adipocyte ECMs or HG condition altered the mineralization phase with perturbed expression levels of type 1 collagen, MGP and osteopontin. Despite higher ALP activity, mineralization levels per cell were decreased for osteoblasts grown on adipocyte ECMs compared to controls. Raman spectrometry revealed that culturing on adipocyte matrices specifically prevents type-B carbonate substitution and favors collagen crosslinking, in contrast to exposure to HG concentration alone. Moreover, the mineral to organic ratio was disrupted according to the presence of adipocyte ECM and the glucose concentration used for adipocyte or osteoblast culture. HG concentration and adipocyte ECM lead to different defects in mineralization quality, recapitulating contradictory changes reported in T2D osteoporosis. Our study shows that ECMs from BMAds do not impair osteoblastogenesis but alter both the quantity and quality of mineralization partly in a glucose concentration-dependent manner. This finding sheds light on the involvement of BMAds, which should be considered in the compromised bone quality of T2D and osteoporosis patients more generally. Glucose level alters the Extracellular Matrix composition of Bone Marrow adipocytes. Osteoblastogenesis on adipocyte ECMs is unaltered but produced less mineral amount. The quality of the mineral is altered differently by adipocyte ECMs or glucose levels. The presence of BM adipocytes should be valued in damaged osteoporosis bone quality.
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Key Words
- AGEs, Advanced glycation end-products
- BM-MSC, Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cell
- BMAd, Bone marrow adipocyte
- ECM, Extracellular matrix
- ECMBMAd HG, Extracellular matrix obtained from BMAds cultured in HG concentration
- ECMBMAd LG, Extracellular matrix obtained from BMAds cultured in LG concentration
- ECMBMAd, Extracellular matrix obtained from BMAds
- Extracellular matrix
- GAG, glycosaminoglycan
- HA, hydroxyapatite
- HG, High glucose
- Hyperglycemia
- LG, Low glucose
- LGM, Low glucose and mannitol
- Marrow adipocytes
- Osteoblast
- Osteoporosis
- Skeletal mesenchymal stromal cells
- T2D, Type 2 diabetes
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Zhao J, Bi X, Wu W, Lin Z, Li Y, Chen Y, Lu F, Dong Z. 3D Culture Promotes Secretion of Extracellular Matrix Structure Fat Flap with Lipoaspirates in Vitro. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:929-939. [PMID: 36017621 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue engineering represents a possible solution for large-volume soft-tissue reconstruction. Although there have been several reports on the construction of tissue-engineered fat (TEF) flaps in vivo and in vitro, each condition has various limitations. Thus, we developed a novel approach for engineering fat tissue using a 3D culture system. We used different volumes of lipoaspirates to fill the same tissue engineering chamber (30%, 50%, 80%, and 100% volume/space ratio) for different periods (3, 5, 7, and 14 days) to determine whether lipoaspirates can form structural fat tissue in vitro. We then studied the histological structure and extracellular matrix of the tissue formed in vitro. We selected engineering tissue-like fat of the 80% volume/space ratio group cultured for 7 days to be subcutaneously implanted into mice for up to 3 months, and lipoaspirates without structure in vitro were used as a control. The lipoaspirates from the 80% volume/space ratio group cultured in vitro formed TEF-like tissue, which increased in small adipocytes and extracellular matrix with time until becoming stable on day 7. The live/dead test showed that the tissue cultured in vitro remained viable until day 7. Immunofluorescence staining results revealed that the collagen I and IV content increased over time. Moreover, after grafting, "self-assembly" fat had higher volume retention, better vascularization, fewer oil droplets, and less fibrosis than the lipoaspirates without structure in vitro. Therefore, our results demonstrate that lipoaspirates filled in tissue engineering chamber can be cultured in vitro and can "self-assemble" into TEF-like tissue. Furthermore, the "self-assembly" fat tissue produced better grafting results than those of lipoaspirates without structure in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, 1838 Guangzhou North Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R.China, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510515;
| | - Xin Bi
- Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Weizi Wu
- Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Zhousheng Lin
- Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Ye Li
- Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, guangzhou, Guangzhou, China, 510515;
| | - Yunzi Chen
- Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Feng Lu
- Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
| | - Ziqing Dong
- Southern Medical University Nanfang Hospital, Department of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;
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Nellinger S, Mrsic I, Keller S, Heine S, Southan A, Bach M, Volz A, Chassé T, Kluger PJ. Cell‐derived and enzyme‐based decellularized extracellular matrix exhibit compositional and structural differences that are relevant for its use as a biomaterial. Biotechnol Bioeng 2022; 119:1142-1156. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.28047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Nellinger
- Reutlingen Research Institute Alteburgstr. 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany
| | - Ivana Mrsic
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Silke Keller
- 3R‐Center for In Vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Österbergstr. 3 72074 Tübingen Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Österbergstr. 3 72074 Tübingen Germany
| | - Simon Heine
- Reutlingen Research Institute Alteburgstr. 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany
| | - Alexander Southan
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, University of Stuttgart Nobelstr. 12 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Monika Bach
- Core Facility Hohenheim, University of Hohenheim Emil‐Wolff‐Str. 12 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ann‐Cathrin Volz
- Reutlingen Research Institute Alteburgstr. 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tuebingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tuebingen Germany
| | - Petra J. Kluger
- School of Applied Chemistry, Reutlingen University Alteburgstr. 150 72762 Reutlingen Germany
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8
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Mu X, Zhang J, Jiang Y. 3D Printing in Breast Reconstruction: From Bench to Bed. Front Surg 2021; 8:641370. [PMID: 34095200 PMCID: PMC8173201 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.641370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical management of breast cancer often results in the absence of the breast. However, existing breast reconstruction methods may not meet the need for a replacement tissue. Tissue engineering with the use of emerging materials offers the promise of generating appropriate replacements. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has seen a significantly increased interest and application in medically-related fields in the recent years. This has been especially true in complex medical situations particularly when abnormal or complicated anatomical surgical considerations or precise reconstructive procedures are contemplated. In addition, 3D bio-printing which combines cells with bio-material scaffolds offers an exciting technology with significant applications in the field of tissue engineering. The purpose of this manuscript was to review a number of studies in which 3D printing technology has been used in breast reconstructive surgical procedures, and future directions and applications of 3D bio-printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingdou Mu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juliang Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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9
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Overcoming functional challenges in autologous and engineered fat grafting trends. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:77-92. [PMID: 34016480 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autologous fat grafting offers significant promise for the repair of soft tissue deformities; however, high resorption rates indicate that engineered solutions are required to improve adipose tissue (AT) survival. Advances in material development and biofabrication have laid the foundation for the generation of functional AT constructs; however, a balance needs to be struck between clinically feasible delivery and improved structural integrity of the grafts. A new approach combining the objectives from both the clinical and research communities will assist in developing morphologically and genetically mature AT constructs, with controlled spatial arrangement and increased potential for neovascularization. In a rapidly progressing field, this review addresses research in both the preclinical and bioengineering domains and assesses their ability to resolve functional challenges.
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10
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Yang J, Zhou C, Fu J, Yang Q, He T, Tan Q, Lv Q. In situ Adipogenesis in Biomaterials Without Cell Seeds: Current Status and Perspectives. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647149. [PMID: 33763426 PMCID: PMC7982583 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For cosmetic and reconstructive purposes in the setting of small-volume adipose tissue damage due to aging, traumatic defects, oncological resections, and degenerative diseases, the current strategies for soft tissue replacement involve autologous fat grafts and tissue fillers with synthetic, bioactive, or tissue-engineered materials. However, they all have drawbacks such as volume shrinkage and foreign-body responses. Aiming to regenerate bioactive vascularized adipose tissue on biomaterial scaffolds, adipose tissue engineering (ATE) has emerged as a suitable substitute for soft tissue repair. The essential components of ATE include scaffolds as support, cells as raw materials for fat formation, and a tolerant local environment to allow regeneration to occur. The commonly loaded seeding cells are adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are expected to induce stable and predictable adipose tissue formation. However, defects in stem cell enrichment, such as donor-site sacrifice, limit their wide application. As a promising alternative approach, cell-free bioactive scaffolds recruit endogenous cells for adipogenesis. In biomaterials without cell seeds, the key to sufficient adipogenesis relies on the recruitment of endogenous host cells and continuous induction of cell homing to scaffolds. Regeneration, rather than repair, is the fundamental dominance of an optimal mature product. To induce in situ adipogenesis, many researchers have focused on the mechanical and biochemical properties of scaffolds. In addition, efforts to regulate an angiogenic and adipogenic microenvironment in cell-free settings involve integrating growth factors or extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins onto bioactive scaffolds. Despite the theoretical feasibility and encouraging results in animal models, few of the reported cell-free biomaterials have been tested in humans, and failures of decellularized adipose tissues in adipogenesis have also been reported. In these cases, the most likely reason was the lack of supporting vasculature. This review summarizes the current status of biomaterials without cell seeds. Related mechanisms and influencing factors of in situ adipogenesis in cell-free biomaterials, dilemma in the development of biomaterials, and future perspectives are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiao Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Tumor Targeted and Immune Therapy, Clinical Research Center for Breast Disease, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyang Fu
- West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianru Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuwen Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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11
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Abdul-Al M, Zaernia A, Sefat F. Biomaterials for breast reconstruction: Promises, advances, and challenges. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1549-1569. [PMID: 32841503 DOI: 10.1002/term.3121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast reconstruction is the opportunity that provides the chance of having breast after undergoing surgical removal of the breast tissue due to cancer-related surgery. However, this varies on the stage of the cancer diagnosis and the procedure undertaken. There are many regenerative medicine methods that provide several initiatives and direct solutions to problems such as the development of "bioactive tissue," which can regenerate adipose tissues with similar normal functions and structures. There have been several studies which have previously explored for the improvement of breast reconstruction including different variations of biomaterials, different fabrication and processing techniques, cells as well as growth factors which enable bioengineers and tissue engineers to reconstruct a suitable breast for patients with breast cancer. Many factors such as shape, proper volume, mechanical properties have been studies but very scattered with not adequate solution for existing patients worldwide. This review article aims to cover recent advances in the biomaterials, which can be used for reconstruction of breasts as well as looking at the various factors that might lead to individuals needing reconstruction and the materials that are available. The focus would be to look at the various biomaterials that are available to use for reconstruction, their properties, and their structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdul-Al
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Amir Zaernia
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Farshid Sefat
- Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.,Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Polymer Science & Technology (Polymer IRC), University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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12
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Foglietta F, Canaparo R, Muccioli G, Terreno E, Serpe L. Methodological aspects and pharmacological applications of three-dimensional cancer cell cultures and organoids. Life Sci 2020; 254:117784. [PMID: 32416169 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures, in which cells grow in flat layers on plastic surfaces, are considered the standard model for use in drug screening and for biological assays. However, these models do not accurately represent in vivo cell organization due to a lack in cell-cell/matrix interactions and in tissue and microenvironment structure. For that reason, three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures have been introduced as an innovative platform in recent years, allowing cells to grow and interact with each other in all three dimensions thanks to an artificial environment. In a 3D model cells show more interesting aspects from a physiological point of view, demonstrating several improvements in viability, morphology, proliferation and differentiations, response to external and internal stimuli, drug metabolism and efficacy and in vivo relevance. This review explores recent techniques in the development of 3D cell models with a particular focus on their application from a pharmacological point of view, starting from the concept of spheroid models generated by scaffold-free or scaffold-based techniques. Finally, special attention is paid to the concept of organoids, 3D constructs that replicate the 3D architecture of intact organs and the technology involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Foglietta
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Roberto Canaparo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Giampiero Muccioli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Serpe
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 13, 10125 Torino, Italy
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Donnely E, Griffin M, Butler PE. Breast Reconstruction with a Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Approach (Systematic Review). Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 48:9-25. [PMID: 31576501 PMCID: PMC6928092 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-019-02373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Current techniques for breast reconstruction include an autologous-tissue flap or an implant-based procedure, although both can impose further morbidity. This systematic review aims to explore the existing literature on breast reconstruction using a tissue engineering approach; conducted with the databases Medline and Embase. A total of 28 articles were included, mainly comprising of level-5 evidence with in vitro and animal studies focusing on utilizing scaffolds to support the migration and growth of new tissue; scaffolds can be either biological or synthetic. Biological scaffolds were composed of collagen or a decellularized tissue matrix scaffold. Synthetic scaffolds were primarily composed of polymers with customisable designs, adjusting the internal morphology and pore size. Implanting cells, including adipose-derived stem cells, with combined use of basic fibroblast growth factor has been studied in an attempt to enhance tissue regeneration. Lately, a level-4 evidence human case series was reported; successfully regenerating 210 mL of tissue using an arterio-venous pedicled fat flap within a tissue engineering chamber implanted on the chest wall. Further research is required to evaluate whether the use of cells and other growth factors could adjust the composition of regenerated tissue and improve vascularity; the latter a major limiting factor for creating larger volumes of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Donnely
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, UK.
| | - M Griffin
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - P E Butler
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, UK.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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14
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Dave K, Gomes VG. Interactions at scaffold interfaces: Effect of surface chemistry, structural attributes and bioaffinity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 105:110078. [PMID: 31546353 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Effective regenerative medicine relies on understanding the interplay between biomaterial implants and the adjoining cells. Scaffolds contribute by presenting sites for cellular adhesion, growth, proliferation, migration, and differentiation which lead to regeneration of tissues over desired periods of time. The fabrication and recruitment of scaffolds often fail to consider the interactions that occur at the interfaces, thereby risking rejection. This lack of knowledge on interfacial microenvironments and related exchanges often causes reduced cellular interactions, poor cell survival and intervention failure. Successful regenerative therapy requires scaffolds with bespoke biocompatibility, optimum pore structure, and cues for cell attachments. These factors determine the development of cellular affinity in scaffolds. For biomedical applications, a detailed understanding of scaffolds and their interfaces is required for better tuning of biomaterials to suit the microenvironments. In this review, we discuss the role of biointerfaces with a focus on surface chemistry, pore structure, scaffold hydro-affinity and their biointeractions. An understanding of the effect of scaffold interfacial properties is crucial for enhancing the progress of tissue engineering towards clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati Dave
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Vincent G Gomes
- The University of Sydney, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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15
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Alessandri G, Coccè V, Pastorino F, Paroni R, Dei Cas M, Restelli F, Pollo B, Gatti L, Tremolada C, Berenzi A, Parati E, Brini AT, Bondiolotti G, Ponzoni M, Pessina A. Microfragmented human fat tissue is a natural scaffold for drug delivery: Potential application in cancer chemotherapy. J Control Release 2019; 302:2-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Wang X, Zhang J, Li J, Chen Y, Chen Y, Kawazoe N, Chen G. Bifunctional scaffolds for the photothermal therapy of breast tumor cells and adipose tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:7728-7736. [PMID: 32254895 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02325e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major public health issue, whose morbidity and mortality are increasing across the world. It is still a challenge to completely ablate breast tumor cells and reconstruct tumor-initiated breast defects after surgical resection. Porous scaffolds with hyperthermal and tissue regeneration functions are a desirable option to achieve these effects. In this study, bifunctional composite porous scaffolds of gold nanorods (AuNRs) and gelatin with well controlled pore structures were prepared by introducing AuNRs into the porous matrices of gelatin and using ice particulates as a porogen material. The AuNRs-gelatin composite scaffolds exhibited a high photothermal conversion effect, whose photothermal temperature could be modulated by the amount of incorporated AuNRs, NIR laser power intensity and irradiation time. The AuNRs-gelatin composite scaffolds exhibited an excellent photothermal ablation capacity toward breast tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the AuNRs-gelatin porous scaffolds supported cell adhesion and promoted the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of human bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Consequently, the AuNRs-gelatin scaffolds could not only provide photothermal therapy for breast tumors but also promote the adipogenic differentiation of stem cells for adipose tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhui Wang
- Tissue Regeneration Materials Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
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