1
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Jiao K, Liu H, Zhang T, Li X, Cheng X, Zhao G, Zheng G. Optimization of mechanical properties of small diameter artificial blood vessels based on alginate/chitosan/gelatin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:136076. [PMID: 39341307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Due to the rise in cardiovascular disease and the problem of autologous transplant limitation, the emergence of 3D bioprinted blood vessels using natural polymer materials as ink is becoming increasingly important in the field of small-diameter artificial blood vessels (φ ≤ 6 mm). In this paper, gelatin was firstly adopted to explore alginate/chitosan composite hydrogel properties and solve the current issues of poor mechanical performance and suboptimal printability of small-diameter blood vessels, which indicated that the modification caused a 17.7 % increase in compressive strength and a 63.2 % enhancement in tensile properties. The material microstructure evaluation showed that the samples with gelatin(4 %) presented the excellent water absorption rate(>90 %) significantly increasing their porosities. A self-developed 3D bioprinter was utilized to clarify the controllable mechanism of small-diameter artificial blood vessel, which has superior performance and excellent printability. This study provides a new reference solution to the current challenges in the bio-ink performance and printability of small-diameter artificial blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Jiao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Huanbao Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiang Cheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Guangxi Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Guangming Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
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2
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Sanati M, Manavi MA, Noruzi M, Behmadi H, Akbari T, Jalali S, Sharifzadeh M, Khoobi M. Carbohydrates and neurotrophic factors: A promising partnership for spinal cord injury rehabilitation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 166:214054. [PMID: 39332344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.214054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leaves a temporary or enduring motor, sensory, and autonomic function loss, significantly impacting the patient's quality of life. Given their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and tunable attributes, three-dimensional scaffolds frequently employ carbohydrates to facilitate spinal cord regeneration. These scaffolds have also been engineered to be novel local delivery platforms that present distinct advantages in the targeted transportation of drug candidates to the damaged spinal cord, ensuring the right dosage and duration of administration. Neurotrophic factors have emerged as promising therapeutic candidates, preserved neuron survival and encouraged severed axons repair, although their local and continuous delivery is believed to produce considerable spinal cord rehabilitation. This study aims to discuss breakthroughs in scaffold engineering, exploiting carbohydrates as an essential part of their structure, and highlight their impact on spinal cord regeneration and sustained neurotrophic factors delivery to treat SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Manavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Noruzi
- School of Pharmacy, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Homayoon Behmadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Akbari
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Jalali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sharifzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Khoobi
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1417614411 Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Sousa JPM, Deus IA, Monteiro CF, Custódio CA, Gil J, Papadimitriou L, Ranella A, Stratakis E, Mano JF, Marques PAAP. Amniotic Membrane-Derived Multichannel Hydrogels for Neural Tissue Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400522. [PMID: 38989725 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In the pursuit of advancing neural tissue regeneration, biomaterial scaffolds have emerged as promising candidates, offering potential solutions for nerve disruptions. Among these scaffolds, multichannel hydrogels, characterized by meticulously designed micrometer-scale channels, stand out as instrumental tools for guiding axonal growth and facilitating cellular interactions. This study explores the innovative application of human amniotic membranes modified with methacryloyl domains (AMMA) in neural stem cell (NSC) culture. AMMA hydrogels, possessing a tailored softness resembling the physiological environment, are prepared in the format of multichannel scaffolds to simulate native-like microarchitecture of nerve tracts. Preliminary experiments on AMMA hydrogel films showcase their potential for neural applications, demonstrating robust adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs without the need for additional coatings. Transitioning into the 3D realm, the multichannel architecture fosters intricate neuronal networks guiding neurite extension longitudinally. Furthermore, the presence of synaptic vesicles within the cellular arrays suggests the establishment of functional synaptic connections, underscoring the physiological relevance of the developed neuronal networks. This work contributes to the ongoing efforts to find ethical, clinically translatable, and functionally relevant approaches for regenerative neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P M Sousa
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Inês A Deus
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Cátia F Monteiro
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Catarina A Custódio
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Metatissue, PCI · Creative Science Park Aveiro Region, Via do Conhecimento, Ílhavo, 3830-352, Portugal
| | - João Gil
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
- INESC-MN - INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologia, Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon, 1000-029, Portugal
| | - Lina Papadimitriou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anthi Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece
| | - João F Mano
- CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Portugal
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4
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Huang A, Huang Y, Yang W, Wang L, You R, Wang J, Yan S, Zhang Q. Fabrication of multifunctional silk nanofibril/hyaluronic acid scaffold for spinal cord repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130287. [PMID: 38373567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive scaffolds accurately mimicking the structure and composition of the extracellular matrix have garnered significant interest in tissue engineering. In this study, we developed a platform utilizing natural silk nanofibrils, hyaluronic acid, and basic fibroblast growth factor for the purpose of promoting spinal cord regeneration by creating an optimal microenvironment. The bioactive scaffold exhibited notable characteristics such as high porosity and hydrophilicity, attributed to its unique nanostructure, high connectivity, and polysaccharide composition. Furthermore, the pore size of the scaffold can be adjusted within the range of 90 μm to 120 μm by varying the content of hyaluronic acid. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were seeded into the scaffold, demonstrating enhanced cell viability. The scaffold facilitated cell proliferation and migration. In vivo experiments on rats indicated that the scaffold had a beneficial impact on spinal cord regeneration, creating a conducive environment for motor function recovery of the rats. This effect may be attributed to the scaffold's ability to stimulate axon growth and neuronal survival, as well as inhibit the formation of glial scars, as evidenced by the decreased expression of growth associated protein-43, microtubule-associated protein 2, and neurofilament-200. This study presents a promising method to develop a feasible bioscaffold for the treatment of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Renchuan You
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Silk Products in Medical and Health Use, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shuqin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; Key Laboratory of Textile Industry for Silk Products in Medical and Health Use, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
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5
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Chung H, Choi JK, Hong C, Lee Y, Hong KH, Oh SJ, Kim J, Song SC, Kim JW, Kim SH. A micro-fragmented collagen gel as a cell-assembling platform for critical limb ischemia repair. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:80-97. [PMID: 38143565 PMCID: PMC10733640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is a devastating disease characterized by the progressive blockage of blood vessels. Although the paracrine effect of growth factors in stem cell therapy made it a promising angiogenic therapy for CLI, poor cell survival in the harsh ischemic microenvironment limited its efficacy. Thus, an imperative need exists for a stem-cell delivery method that enhances cell survival. Here, a collagen microgel (CMG) cell-delivery scaffold (40 × 20 μm) was fabricated via micro-fragmentation from collagen-hyaluronic acid polyionic complex to improve transplantation efficiency. Culturing human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) with CMG enabled integrin receptors to interact with CMG to form injectable 3-dimensional constructs (CMG-hASCs) with a microporous microarchitecture and enhanced mass transfer. CMG-hASCs exhibited higher cell survival (p < 0.0001) and angiogenic potential in tube formation and aortic ring angiogenesis assays than cell aggregates. Injection of CMG-hASCs intramuscularly into CLI mice increased blood perfusion and limb salvage ratios by 40 % and 60 %, respectively, compared to cell aggregate-treated mice. Further immunofluorescent analysis revealed that transplanted CMG-hASCs have greater muscle regenerative and angiogenic potential, with enhanced cell survival than cell aggregates (p < 0.05). Collectively, we propose CMG as a cell-assembling platform and CMG-hASCs as promising therapeutics to treat CLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Chung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kyun Choi
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Changgi Hong
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseop Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Hong
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Kim
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Chang Song
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Kim
- S.Biomedics Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04797, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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6
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Omidian H, Chowdhury SD, Wilson RL. Advancements and Challenges in Hydrogel Engineering for Regenerative Medicine. Gels 2024; 10:238. [PMID: 38667657 PMCID: PMC11049258 DOI: 10.3390/gels10040238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This manuscript covers the latest advancements and persisting challenges in the domain of tissue engineering, with a focus on the development and engineering of hydrogel scaffolds. It highlights the critical role of these scaffolds in emulating the native tissue environment, thereby providing a supportive matrix for cell growth, tissue integration, and reducing adverse reactions. Despite significant progress, this manuscript emphasizes the ongoing struggle to achieve an optimal balance between biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical stability, crucial for clinical success. It also explores the integration of cutting-edge technologies like 3D bioprinting and biofabrication in constructing complex tissue structures, alongside innovative materials and techniques aimed at enhancing tissue growth and functionality. Through a detailed examination of these efforts, the manuscript sheds light on the potential of hydrogels in advancing regenerative medicine and the necessity for multidisciplinary collaboration to navigate the challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Omidian
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA; (S.D.C.); (R.L.W.)
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7
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Nekanti U, Sakthivel PS, Zahedi A, Creasman DA, Nishi RA, Dumont CM, Piltti KM, Guardamondo GL, Hernandez N, Chen X, Song H, Lin X, Martinez J, On L, Lakatos A, Pawar K, David BT, Guo Z, Seidlits SK, Xu X, Shea LD, Cummings BJ, Anderson AJ. Multichannel bridges and NSC synergize to enhance axon regeneration, myelination, synaptic reconnection, and recovery after SCI. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:12. [PMID: 38499577 PMCID: PMC10948859 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00356-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Regeneration in the injured spinal cord is limited by physical and chemical barriers. Acute implantation of a multichannel poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) bridge mechanically stabilizes the injury, modulates inflammation, and provides a permissive environment for rapid cellularization and robust axonal regrowth through this otherwise inhibitory milieu. However, without additional intervention, regenerated axons remain largely unmyelinated (<10%), limiting functional repair. While transplanted human neural stem cells (hNSC) myelinate axons after spinal cord injury (SCI), hNSC fate is highly influenced by the SCI inflammatory microenvironment, also limiting functional repair. Accordingly, we investigated the combination of PLG scaffold bridges with hNSC to improve histological and functional outcome after SCI. In vitro, hNSC culture on a PLG scaffold increased oligodendroglial lineage selection after inflammatory challenge. In vivo, acute PLG bridge implantation followed by chronic hNSC transplantation demonstrated a robust capacity of donor human cells to migrate into PLG bridge channels along regenerating axons and integrate into the host spinal cord as myelinating oligodendrocytes and synaptically integrated neurons. Axons that regenerated through the PLG bridge formed synaptic circuits that connected the ipsilateral forelimb muscle to contralateral motor cortex. hNSC transplantation significantly enhanced the total number of regenerating and myelinated axons identified within the PLG bridge. Finally, the combination of acute bridge implantation and hNSC transplantation exhibited robust improvement in locomotor recovery. These data identify a successful strategy to enhance neurorepair through a temporally layered approach using acute bridge implantation and chronic cell transplantation to spare tissue, promote regeneration, and maximize the function of new axonal connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Nekanti
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Pooja S Sakthivel
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Atena Zahedi
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dana A Creasman
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca A Nishi
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Courtney M Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katja M Piltti
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Glenn L Guardamondo
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Norbert Hernandez
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xingyuan Chen
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hui Song
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Lin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Martinez
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lillian On
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anita Lakatos
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kiran Pawar
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brian T David
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhiling Guo
- Department of Medicine & Susan Samueli Integrative Health Institute, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie K Seidlits
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Neural Circuit Mapping, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorder, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorder, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Tigner TJ, Dampf G, Tucker A, Huang YC, Jagrit V, Clevenger AJ, Mohapatra A, Raghavan SA, Dulin JN, Alge DL. Clickable Granular Hydrogel Scaffolds for Delivery of Neural Progenitor Cells to Sites of Spinal Cord Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303912. [PMID: 38470994 PMCID: PMC11390979 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition with limited treatment options. Neural progenitor cell (NPC) transplantation is a promising treatment option, and the identification of novel biomaterial scaffolds that support NPC engraftment and therapeutic activity is a top research priority. The objective of this study is to evaluate in situ assembled poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based granular hydrogels for NPC delivery in a murine model of SCI. Microgel precursors are synthesized by using thiol-norbornene click chemistry to react four-armed PEG-amide-norbornene with enzymatically degradable and cell adhesive peptides. Unreacted norbornene groups are utilized for in situ assembly into scaffolds using a PEG-di-tetrazine linker. The granular hydrogel scaffolds exhibit good biocompatibility and do not adversely affect the inflammatory response after SCI. Moreover, when used to deliver NPCs, the granular hydrogel scaffolds supported NPC engraftment, do not adversely affect the immune response to the NPC grafts, and successfully support graft differentiation toward neuronal or astrocytic lineages as well as axonal extension into the host tissue. Collectively, these data establish PEG-based granular hydrogel scaffolds as a suitable biomaterial platform for NPC delivery and justify further testing, particularly in the context of more severe SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Tigner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Gabrielle Dampf
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, USA
| | - Ashley Tucker
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Vipin Jagrit
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, USA
| | - Abigail J Clevenger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Arpita Mohapatra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Shreya A Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
| | - Jennifer N Dulin
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3258, USA
- Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3474, USA
| | - Daniel L Alge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3120, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3003, USA
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9
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Wu J, Yun Z, Song W, Yu T, Xue W, Liu Q, Sun X. Highly oriented hydrogels for tissue regeneration: design strategies, cellular mechanisms, and biomedical applications. Theranostics 2024; 14:1982-2035. [PMID: 38505623 PMCID: PMC10945336 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Many human tissues exhibit a highly oriented architecture that confers them with distinct mechanical properties, enabling adaptation to diverse and challenging environments. Hydrogels, with their water-rich "soft and wet" structure, have emerged as promising biomimetic materials in tissue engineering for repairing and replacing damaged tissues and organs. Highly oriented hydrogels can especially emulate the structural orientation found in human tissue, exhibiting unique physiological functions and properties absent in traditional homogeneous isotropic hydrogels. The design and preparation of highly oriented hydrogels involve strategies like including hydrogels with highly oriented nanofillers, polymer-chain networks, void channels, and microfabricated structures. Understanding the specific mechanism of action of how these highly oriented hydrogels affect cell behavior and their biological applications for repairing highly oriented tissues such as the cornea, skin, skeletal muscle, tendon, ligament, cartilage, bone, blood vessels, heart, etc., requires further exploration and generalization. Therefore, this review aims to fill that gap by focusing on the design strategy of highly oriented hydrogels and their application in the field of tissue engineering. Furthermore, we provide a detailed discussion on the application of highly oriented hydrogels in various tissues and organs and the mechanisms through which highly oriented structures influence cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuping Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Translational Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zhihe Yun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wenlong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wu Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qinyi Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xinzhi Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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10
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Qiu R, Cai K, Zhang K, Ying Y, Hu H, Jiang G, Luo K. The current status and development trend of hydrogel application in spinal surgery. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1730-1747. [PMID: 38294330 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02613b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Spinal diseases often result in compromised mobility and diminished quality of life due to the intricate anatomy surrounding the nervous system. Medication and surgical interventions remain the primary treatment methods for spinal conditions. However, currently available medications have limited efficacy in treating spinal surgical diseases and cannot achieve a complete cure. Furthermore, surgical intervention frequently results in inevitable alterations and impairments to the initial anatomical integrity of the spinal structure, accompanied by the consequential loss of certain physiological functionalities. Changes in spine surgery treatment concepts and modalities in the last decade have led to a deepening of minimally invasive treatment, with treatment strategies focusing more on repairing and reconstructing the patient's spine and preserving physiological functions. Therefore, developing novel and more efficient treatment strategies to reduce spinal lesions and iatrogenic injuries is essential. In recent years, significant advancements in biomedical research have led to the discovery that hydrogels possess excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and adjustable mechanical properties. The application of hydrogel-based biotechnology in spinal surgery has demonstrated remarkable therapeutic potential. This review presents the therapeutic strategies for spinal diseases based on hydrogel tissue engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzhang Qiu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Kaiwen Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
| | - Yijian Ying
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Hangtian Hu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Guoqiang Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
| | - Kefeng Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China.
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11
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Grijalva-Otero I, Doncel-Pérez E. Traumatic Human Spinal Cord Injury: Are Single Treatments Enough to Solve the Problem? Arch Med Res 2024; 55:102935. [PMID: 38157747 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in partial or complete motor deficits, such as paraplegia, tetraplegia, and sphincter control, as well as sensory disturbances and autonomic dysregulation such as arterial hypotension, lack of sweating, and alterations in skin lability. All this has a strong psychological impact on the affected person and his/her family, as well as costs to healthcare institutions with an economic burden in the short, medium, and long terms. Despite at least forty years of experimental animal studies and several clinical trials with different therapeutic strategies, effective therapy is not universally accepted. Most of the published works on acute and chronic injury use a single treatment, such as medication, trophic factor, transplant of a cell type, and so on, to block some secondary injury mechanisms or promote some mechanisms of structural/functional restoration. However, despite significant results in experimental models, the outcome is a moderate improvement in muscle strength, sensation, or eventually in sphincter control, which has been considered non-significant in human clinical trials. Here we present a brief compilation of successful individual treatments that have been applied to secondary mechanisms of action. These studies show limited neuroprotective or neurorestorative approaches in animal models and clinical trials. Thus, the few benefits achieved so far represent a rationale to further explore other strategies that seek better structural and functional restoration of the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Grijalva-Otero
- Medical Research Unit for Neurological Diseases, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Neural Regeneration Group, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos de Toledo, Servicios de Salud de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
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12
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Riley L, Cheng P, Segura T. Identification and analysis of 3D pores in packed particulate materials. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 3:975-992. [PMID: 38177603 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We took the classic 'guess the number of beans in a jar game' and amplified the research question. Rather than estimate the quantity of particles in the jar, we sought to characterize the spaces between them. Here we present an approach for delineating the pockets of empty space (three-dimensional pores) between packed particles, which are hotspots for activity in applications and natural phenomena that deal with particulate materials. We utilize techniques from graph theory to exploit information about particle configuration that allows us to locate important spatial landmarks within the void space. These landmarks are the basis for our pore segmentation, where we consider both interior pores as well as entrance and exit pores into and out of the structure. Our method is robust for particles of varying size, form, stiffness and configuration, which allows us to study and compare three-dimensional pores across a range of packed particle types. We report striking relationships between particles and pores that are described mathematically, and we offer a visual library of pore types. With a meaningful discretization of void space, we demonstrate that packed particles can be understood not by their solid space, but by their empty space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Neurology, Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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13
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Gao X, Li S, Yang Y, Yang S, Yu B, Zhu Z, Ma T, Zheng Y, Wei B, Hao Y, Wu H, Zhang Y, Guo L, Gao X, Wei Y, Xue B, Li J, Feng X, Lu L, Xia B, Huang J. A Novel Magnetic Responsive miR-26a@SPIONs-OECs for Spinal Cord Injury: Triggering Neural Regeneration Program and Orienting Axon Guidance in Inhibitory Astrocytic Environment. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304487. [PMID: 37789583 PMCID: PMC10646239 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Addressing the challenge of promoting directional axonal regeneration in a hostile astrocytic scar, which often impedes recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI), remains a daunting task. Cell transplantation is a promising strategy to facilitate nerve restoration in SCI. In this research, a pro-regeneration system is developed, namely miR-26a@SPIONs-OECs, for olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), a preferred choice for promoting nerve regeneration in SCI patients. These entities show high responsiveness to external magnetic fields (MF), leading to synergistic multimodal cues to enhance nerve regeneration. First, an MF stimulates miR-26a@SPIONs-OECs to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) rich in miR-26a. This encourages axon growth by inhibiting PTEN and GSK-3β signaling pathways in neurons. Second, miR-26a@SPIONs-OECs exhibit a tendency to migrate and orientate along the direction of the MF, thereby potentially facilitating neuronal reconnection through directional neurite elongation. Third, miR-26a-enriched EVs from miR-26a@SPIONs-OECs can interact with host astrocytes, thereby diminishing inhibitory cues for neurite growth. In a rat model of SCI, the miR-26a@SPIONs-OECs system led to significantly improved morphological and motor function recovery. In summary, the miR-26a@SPIONS-OECs pro-regeneration system offers innovative insights into engineering exogenous cells with multiple additional cues, augmenting their efficacy for stimulating and guiding nerve regeneration within a hostile astrocytic scar in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Gao
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Shengyou Li
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Shijie Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Beibei Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Bin Wei
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Yiming Hao
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Haining Wu
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Lingli Guo
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Xueli Gao
- School of Ecology and EnvironmentNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072P. R. China
| | - Yitao Wei
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Borui Xue
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Cell BiologySchool of MedicineNorthwest UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Lei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesDepartment of Oral Anatomy and Physiology and TMDSchool of Stomatologythe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
| | - Jinghui Huang
- Department of OrthopaedicsXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an710032P. R. China
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14
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Ross BC, Kent RN, Saunders MN, Schwartz SR, Smiley BM, Hocevar SE, Chen SC, Xiao C, Williams LA, Anderson AJ, Cummings BJ, Baker BM, Shea LD. Building-Block Size Mediates Microporous Annealed Particle Hydrogel Tube Microenvironment Following Spinal Cord Injury. Adv Healthc Mater 2023:e2302498. [PMID: 37768019 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-altering event, which often results in loss of sensory and motor function below the level of trauma. Biomaterial therapies have been widely investigated in SCI to promote directional regeneration but are often limited by their pre-constructed size and shape. Herein, the design parameters of microporous annealed particles (MAPs) are investigated with tubular geometries that conform to the injury and direct axons across the defect to support functional recovery. MAP tubes prepared from 20-, 40-, and 60-micron polyethylene glycol (PEG) beads are generated and implanted in a T9-10 murine hemisection model of SCI. Tubes attenuate glial and fibrotic scarring, increase innate immune cell density, and reduce inflammatory phenotypes in a bead size-dependent manner. Tubes composed of 60-micron beads increase the cell density of the chronic macrophage response, while neutrophil infiltration and phenotypes do not deviate from those seen in controls. At 8 weeks postinjury, implantation of tubes composed of 60-micron beads results in enhanced locomotor function, robust axonal ingrowth, and remyelination through both lumens and the inter-tube space. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the importance of bead size in MAP construction and highlight PEG tubes as a biomaterial therapy to promote regeneration and functional recovery in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Ross
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robert N Kent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael N Saunders
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Samantha R Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Brooke M Smiley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Sarah E Hocevar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shao-Chi Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chengchuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, 1105 North University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Laura A Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Aileen J Anderson
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Biological Sciences III, 2642, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, 845 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, 18124 Culver Dr # F, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Biological Sciences III, 2642, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, 845 Health Sciences Rd, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of California, 18124 Culver Dr # F, Irvine, CA, 92612, USA
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Lonnie D Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, 204 Washtenaw Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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15
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Shang Z, Wanyan P, Wang M, Zhang B, Cui X, Wang X. Bibliometric analysis of stem cells for spinal cord injury: current status and emerging frontiers. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1235324. [PMID: 37533634 PMCID: PMC10392836 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1235324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the literature on stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury to visualize the research status, identify hotspots, and explore the development trends in this field. Methods: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database using relevant keywords ("stem cells" and "spinal cord injury") and retrieved the published literature between 2000 and 2022. Data such as journal title, author information, institutional affiliation, country, and keywords were extracted. Afterwards, we performed bibliometric analysis of the retrieved data using Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace. Results: A total of 5375 articles related to stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury were retrieved, and both the annual publication volume and the cumulative publication volume showed an upward trend. neural regeneration research was the journal with the most publications and the fastest cumulative publication growth (162 articles), Okano Hideyuki was the author with the highest number of publications and citations (114 articles), Sun Yat-sen University was the institution with the highest number of publications (420 articles), and China was the country with the highest number of publications (5357 articles). However, different authors, institutions, and countries need to enhance their cooperation in order to promote the generation of significant academic achievements. Current research in this field has focused on stem cell transplantation, neural regeneration, motor function recovery, exosomes, and tissue engineering. Meanwhile, future research directions are primarily concerned with the molecular mechanisms, safety, clinical trials, exosomes, scaffolds, hydrogels, and inflammatory responses of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injuries. Conclusion: In summary, this study provided a comprehensive analysis of the current research status and frontiers of stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury. The findings provide a foundation for future research and clinical translation efforts of stem cell therapy in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pingping Wanyan
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baolin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Cui
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Chengren Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Spine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Alves-Sampaio A, Del-Cerro P, Collazos-Castro JE. Composite Fibrin/Carbon Microfiber Implants for Bridging Spinal Cord Injury: A Translational Approach in Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11102. [PMID: 37446280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials may enhance neural repair after spinal cord injury (SCI) and testing their functionality in large animals is essential to achieve successful clinical translation. This work developed a porcine contusion/compression SCI model to investigate the consequences of myelotomy and implantation of fibrin gel containing biofunctionalized carbon microfibers (MFs). Fourteen pigs were distributed in SCI, SCI/myelotomy, and SCI/myelotomy/implant groups. An automated device was used for SCI. A dorsal myelotomy was performed on the lesion site at 1 day post-injury for removing cloths and devitalized tissue. Bundles of MFs coated with a conducting polymer and cell adhesion molecules were embedded in fibrin gel and used to bridge the spinal cord cavity. Reproducible lesions of about 1 cm in length were obtained. Myelotomy and lesion debridement caused no further neural damage compared to SCI alone but had little positive effect on neural regrowth. The MFs/fibrin gel implant facilitated axonal sprouting, elongation, and alignment within the lesion. However, the implant also increased lesion volume and was ineffective in preventing fibrosis, thus precluding functional neural regeneration. Our results indicate that myelotomy and lesion debridement can be advantageously used for implanting MF-based scaffolds. However, the implants need refinement and pharmaceuticals will be necessary to limit scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Alves-Sampaio
- Neural Repair and Biomaterials Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda S-N, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Patricia Del-Cerro
- Neural Repair and Biomaterials Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda S-N, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge E Collazos-Castro
- Neural Repair and Biomaterials Laboratory, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda S-N, 45071 Toledo, Spain
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17
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Lopes M, Torrado M, Barth D, Santos SD, Sever-Bahcekapili M, Tekinay AB, Guler MO, Cleymand F, Pêgo AP, Borges J, Mano JF. Supramolecular presentation of bioinstructive peptides on soft multilayered nanobiomaterials stimulates neurite outgrowth. Biomater Sci 2023. [PMID: 37334774 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00438d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) have emerged as effective molecular building blocks for creating self-assembling nanobiomaterials for multiple biomedical applications. Herein, we report a straightforward approach to assemble soft bioinstructive platforms to recreate the native neural extracellular matrix (ECM) aiming for neuronal regeneration based on the electrostatic-driven supramolecular presentation of laminin-derived IKVAV-containing self-assembling PA (IKVAV-PA) on biocompatible multilayered nanoassemblies. Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques show that the co-assembly of positively charged low-molecular-weight IKVAV-PA with oppositely charged high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HA) triggers the formation of ordered β-sheet structures denoting a one-dimensional nanofibrous network. The successful functionalization of poly(L-lysine)/HA layer-by-layer nanofilms with an outer positively charged layer of self-assembling IKVAV-PA is demonstrated by the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and the nanofibrous morphological properties revealed by atomic force microscopy. The bioactive ECM-mimetic supramolecular nanofilms promote the enhancement of primary neuronal cells' adhesion, viability, and morphology when compared to the PA without the IKVAV sequence and PA-free biopolymeric multilayered nanofilms, and stimulate neurite outgrowth. The nanofilms hold great promise as bioinstructive platforms for enabling the assembly of customized and robust multicomponent supramolecular biomaterials for neural tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lopes
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Marília Torrado
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica & i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daryl Barth
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Parc de Saurupt CS 50840, 54011 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sofia D Santos
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica & i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Melike Sever-Bahcekapili
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, 06230 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse B Tekinay
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa O Guler
- The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Franck Cleymand
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR 7198 CNRS - Université de Lorraine, Parc de Saurupt CS 50840, 54011 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica & i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Borges
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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18
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Pan L, Yi L, Liu Y, Liu L, Zhu Y, Zhong J, Wang Y, Yin Y, Yu L, Tan B, Yang C. Effects of task-based rehabilitative training combined with PTEN/SOCS3 coinhibition promotes axon regeneration and upper extremity skilled motor function recovery after cervical spinal cord injury in adult mice. Neurosci Lett 2023; 800:137121. [PMID: 36764478 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that the codeletion of PTEN and SOCS3 can greatly enhance the capacity of axon regeneration after central nervous system (CNS) injury. Moreover, the promotion of functional recovery can be improved by rehabilitative training under a use-dependent plasticity mechanism after CNS injury. However, few studies have reported the interaction between these mechanisms after spinal cord injury (SCI). Therefore, we investigated the combined effects of PTEN/SOCS3 coinhibition and rehabilitative training on axon regeneration and upper extremity motor functional improvement after cervical SCI in mice. In this study, we used RNA interference viruses to coinhibit PTEN and SOCS3 and induced a C5 crush injury on the side of preference. The injured upper extremity was trained by single pellet grasping for 4 weeks. We found that the coinjection of viruses significantly increased the expression of p-S6 and p-STAT in the cortex, reduced the dieback pattern of injured axons and promoted traced axon regeneration. More importantly, combination therapy further enhanced axon regeneration compared with PTEN/SOCS3 coinhibition alone. In behavioral tests, the motor performance of the mice in the PTEN/SOCS3 + Training group was better than that of the mice in the other groups. These results indicate that combining task-based rehabilitative training with PTEN/SOCS3 coinhibition further promotes axon regeneration and significant improvement in forelimb skilled motor function after cervical SCI. Our findings provide new therapeutic insights into SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lingrong Yi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Brain, The Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400011, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Juan Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yunhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Botao Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Ce Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Research Institute of Surgery, The Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
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19
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Lee CY, Chooi WH, Ng S, Chew SY. Modulating neuroinflammation through molecular, cellular and biomaterial-based approaches to treat spinal cord injury. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10389. [PMID: 36925680 PMCID: PMC10013833 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroinflammatory response that is elicited after spinal cord injury contributes to both tissue damage and reparative processes. The complex and dynamic cellular and molecular changes within the spinal cord microenvironment result in a functional imbalance of immune cells and their modulatory factors. To facilitate wound healing and repair, it is necessary to manipulate the immunological pathways during neuroinflammation to achieve successful therapeutic interventions. In this review, recent advancements and fresh perspectives on the consequences of neuroinflammation after SCI and modulation of the inflammatory responses through the use of molecular-, cellular-, and biomaterial-based therapies to promote tissue regeneration and functional recovery will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Yi‐Pin Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyA*STAR Research EntitiesSingaporeSingapore
| | - Wai Hon Chooi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyA*STAR Research EntitiesSingaporeSingapore
| | - Shi‐Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyA*STAR Research EntitiesSingaporeSingapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
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20
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Ma Y, Chen Q, Li W, Su H, Li S, Zhu Y, Zhou J, Feng Z, Liu Z, Mao S, Qiu Y, Wang H, Zhu Z. Spinal cord conduits for spinal cord injury regeneration. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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21
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Sousa JPM, Stratakis E, Mano J, Marques PAAP. Anisotropic 3D scaffolds for spinal cord guided repair: Current concepts. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 148:213353. [PMID: 36848743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) can be caused by unforeseen events such as a fall, a vehicle accident, a gunshot, or a malignant illness, which has a significant impact on the quality of life of the patient. Due to the limited regenerative potential of the central nervous system (CNS), SCI is one of the most daunting medical challenges of modern medicine. Great advances have been made in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, which include the transition from two-dimensional (2D) to three-dimensional (3D) biomaterials. Combinatory treatments that use 3D scaffolds may significantly enhance the repair and regeneration of functional neural tissue. In an effort to mimic the chemical and physical properties of neural tissue, scientists are researching the development of the ideal scaffold made of synthetic and/or natural polymers. Moreover, in order to restore the architecture and function of neural networks, 3D scaffolds with anisotropic properties that replicate the native longitudinal orientation of spinal cord nerve fibres are being designed. In an effort to determine if scaffold anisotropy is a crucial property for neural tissue regeneration, this review focuses on the most current technological developments relevant to anisotropic scaffolds for SCI. Special consideration is given to the architectural characteristics of scaffolds containing axially oriented fibres, channels, and pores. By analysing neural cell behaviour in vitro and tissue integration and functional recovery in animal models of SCI, the therapeutic efficacy is evaluated for its successes and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P M Sousa
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Portugal; Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece; CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece
| | - João Mano
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Portugal.
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22
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Peng H, Liu Y, Xiao F, Zhang L, Li W, Wang B, Weng Z, Liu Y, Chen G. Research progress of hydrogels as delivery systems and scaffolds in the treatment of secondary spinal cord injury. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1111882. [PMID: 36741755 PMCID: PMC9889880 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1111882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary spinal cord injury (SSCI) is the second stage of spinal cord injury (SCI) and involves vasculature derangement, immune response, inflammatory response, and glial scar formation. Bioactive additives, such as drugs and cells, have been widely used to inhibit the progression of secondary spinal cord injury. However, the delivery and long-term retention of these additives remain a problem to be solved. In recent years, hydrogels have attracted much attention as a popular delivery system for loading cells and drugs for secondary spinal cord injury therapy. After implantation into the site of spinal cord injury, hydrogels can deliver bioactive additives in situ and induce the unidirectional growth of nerve cells as scaffolds. In addition, physical and chemical methods can endow hydrogels with new functions. In this review, we summarize the current state of various hydrogel delivery systems for secondary spinal cord injury treatment. Moreover, functional modifications of these hydrogels for better therapeutic effects are also discussed to provide a comprehensive insight into the application of hydrogels in the treatment of secondary spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichuan Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Yongkang Liu
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Fengfeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Wenting Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Binghan Wang
- Zhuhai Precision Medical Center, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhijian Weng
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China
| | - Yu Liu
- The Department of Cerebrovascular Disease, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China,*Correspondence: Yu Liu, ; Gang Chen,
| | - Gang Chen
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuhai People’s Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Zhuhai, China,*Correspondence: Yu Liu, ; Gang Chen,
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23
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Qian L, Yang K, Liu X, Zhang L, Zhao H, Qiu LZ, Chu Y, Hao W, Zhuang Y, Chen Y, Dai J. Baicalein-functionalized collagen scaffolds direct neuronal differentiation toward enhancing spinal cord injury repair. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:678-689. [PMID: 36511438 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01467j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) repair remains a major challenge in clinics. Though neural stem cells (NSCs) have shown great potentials in SCI treatment, their applications were hampered since they primarily differentiate into astrocytes rather than neurons in the injured area, indicating a high demand for effective strategies to direct neuronal differentiation. Baicalein is a clinical drug with multiple pharmacological activities, while its effects on NSCs have rarely been reported. In the current work, inspired by a similarity of the metabolic reprogramming required in neuronal differentiation and that involved in chemoresistance reversal of cancer cells induced by baicalein, we studied the role of baicalein in NSC differentiation and discovered its promotion effects on neuronal differentiation. Based on this observation, baicalein-functionalized collagen scaffolds (BFCSs) were developed and applied for SCI treatment. The BFCSs released the payload in a sustained way and possessed comparable physical properties to the commonly used collagen. Both in vitro studies with primary NSCs and in vivo studies in SCI rats showed that the BFCSs containing a low amount of baicalein can facilitate not only neurogenesis and axon extension, but also reduce astrocyte production and glial scar formation. More importantly, the BFCS implantation led to improvement in the motor functional recovery of SCI rats. Thus, the BFCSs provided a potential strategy to induce neuronal differentiation towards facilitating SCI repair, as well as for the treatment of other central nervous system injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qian
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 China.
| | - Keni Yang
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 China.
| | - Xiru Liu
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 China.
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 China.
| | - Lin-Zi Qiu
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 China.
| | - Yun Chu
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 China.
| | - Wangping Hao
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 China.
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 China.
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123 China. .,Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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24
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Chaudhari LR, Kawale AA, Desai SS, Kashte SB, Joshi MG. Pathophysiology of Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Engineering Approach for Its Neuronal Regeneration: Current Status and Future Prospects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1409:51-81. [PMID: 36038807 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is a very debilitating condition causing loss of sensory and motor function as well as multiple organ failures. Current therapeutic options like surgery and pharmacotherapy show positive results but are incapable of providing a complete cure for chronic SCI symptoms. Tissue engineering, including neuroprotective or growth factors, stem cells, and biomaterial scaffolds, grabs attention because of their potential for regeneration and ability to bridge the gap in the injured spinal cord (SC). Preclinical studies with tissue engineering showed functional recovery and neurorestorative effects. Few clinical trials show the safety and efficacy of the tissue engineering approach. However, more studies should be carried out for potential treatment modalities. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology of SCI and its current treatment modalities, including surgical, pharmacological, and tissue engineering approaches following SCI in preclinical and clinical phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena R Chaudhari
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akshay A Kawale
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sangeeta S Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. D Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivaji B Kashte
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meghnad G Joshi
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, D. Y. Patil Education Society (Deemed to be University), Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India.
- Stem Plus Biotech, SMK Commercial Complex, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.
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25
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Li Z, Zhao T, Ding J, Gu H, Wang Q, Wang Y, Zhang D, Gao C. A reactive oxygen species-responsive hydrogel encapsulated with bone marrow derived stem cells promotes repair and regeneration of spinal cord injury. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:550-568. [PMID: 35600969 PMCID: PMC9108756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an overwhelming and incurable disabling event accompanied by complicated inflammation-related pathological processes, such as excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the infiltrated inflammatory immune cells and released to the extracellular microenvironment, leading to the widespread apoptosis of the neuron cells, glial and oligodendroctyes. In this study, a thioketal-containing and ROS-scavenging hydrogel was prepared for encapsulation of the bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which promoted the neurogenesis and axon regeneration by scavenging the overproduced ROS and re-building a regenerative microenvironment. The hydrogel could effectively encapsulate BMSCs, and played a remarkable neuroprotective role in vivo by reducing the production of endogenous ROS, attenuating ROS-mediated oxidative damage and downregulating the inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), resulting in a reduced cell apoptosis in the spinal cord tissue. The BMSCs-encapsulated ROS-scavenging hydrogel also reduced the scar formation, and improved the neurogenesis of the spinal cord tissue, and thus distinctly enhanced the motor functional recovery of SCI rats. Our work provides a combinational strategy against ROS-mediated oxidative stress, with potential applications not only in SCI, but also in other central nervous system diseases with similar pathological conditions.
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26
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Ke H, Yang H, Zhao Y, Li T, Xin D, Gai C, Jiang Z, Wang Z. 3D Gelatin Microsphere Scaffolds Promote Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Hemisection in Rats. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204528. [PMID: 36453595 PMCID: PMC9875663 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) damages signal connections and conductions, with the result that neuronal circuits are disrupted leading to neural dysfunctions. Such injuries represent a serious and relatively common central nervous system condition and current treatments have limited success in the reconstruction of nerve connections in injured areas, especially where sizeable gaps are present. Biomaterial scaffolds have become an effective alternative to nerve transplantation in filling these gaps and provide the foundation for simulating the 3D structure of solid organs. However, there remain some limitations with the application of 3D bioprinting for preparation of biomaterial scaffolds. Here, the approach in constructing and testing mini-tissue building blocks and self-assembly, solid 3D gelatin microsphere (GM) scaffolds with multiple voids as based on the convenient preparation of gelatin microspheres by microfluidic devices is described. These 3D GM scaffolds demonstrate suitable biocompatibility, biodegradation, porosity, low preparation costs, and relative ease of production. Moreover, 3D GM scaffolds can effectively bridge injury gaps, establish nerve connections and signal transductions, mitigate inflammatory microenvironments, and reduce glial scar formation. Accordingly, these 3D GM scaffolds can serve as a novel and effective bridging method to promote nerve regeneration and reconstruction and thus recovery of nerve function after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Ke
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University44 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Hongru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong University27 Shanda NanluJinanShandong250100P. R. China
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University44 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University44 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Danqing Xin
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University44 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Gai
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University44 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Zige Jiang
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University44 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCheeloo College of MedicineShandong University44 Wenhua Xi RoadJinanShandong250012P. R. China
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27
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Suturin AC, Krüger AJD, Neidig K, Klos N, Dolfen N, Bund M, Gronemann T, Sebers R, Manukanc A, Yazdani G, Kittel Y, Rommel D, Haraszti T, Köhler J, De Laporte L. Annealing High Aspect Ratio Microgels into Macroporous 3D Scaffolds Allows for Higher Porosities and Effective Cell Migration. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200989. [PMID: 36100464 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Growing millimeter-scaled functional tissue remains a major challenge in the field of tissue engineering. Therefore, microporous annealed particles (MAPs) are emerging as promising porous biomaterials that are formed by assembly of microgel building blocks. To further vary the pore size and increase overall MAP porosity of mechanically stable scaffolds, rod-shaped microgels with high aspect ratios up to 20 are chemically interlinked into highly porous scaffolds. Polyethylene glycol based microgels (width 10 µm, lengths up to 200 µm) are produced via in-mold polymerization and covalently interlinked into stable 3D scaffolds via epoxy-amine chemistry. For the first time, MAP porosities can be enhanced by increasing the microgel aspect ratio (mean pore sizes ranging from 39 to 82 µm, porosities from 65 to 90%). These porosities are significantly higher compared to constructs made from spherical or lower aspect ratio rod-shaped microgels. Rapid filling of the pores by either murine or primary human fibroblasts is ensured as cells migrate and grow extensively into these scaffolds. Overall, this study demonstrates that highly porous, stable macroporous hydrogels can be achieved with a very low partial volume of synthetic, high aspect ratio microgels, leading to large empty volumes available for cell ingrowth and cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa C Suturin
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH University Aachen, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas J D Krüger
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH University Aachen, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Neidig
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Klos
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Dolfen
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michelle Bund
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Gronemann
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Sebers
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anna Manukanc
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Yazdani
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yonca Kittel
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH University Aachen, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Rommel
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH University Aachen, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH University Aachen, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Köhler
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH University Aachen, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH University Aachen, Worringerweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS), Forckenbeckstraße 55, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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28
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Wu Y, Tang Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu S. Restoration of spinal cord injury: From endogenous repairing process to cellular therapy. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1077441. [PMID: 36523818 PMCID: PMC9744968 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1077441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) disrupts neurological pathways and impacts sensory, motor, and autonomic nerve function. There is no effective treatment for SCI currently. Numerous endogenous cells, including astrocytes, macrophages/microglia, and oligodendrocyte, are involved in the histological healing process following SCI. By interfering with cells during the SCI repair process, some advancements in the therapy of SCI have been realized. Nevertheless, the endogenous cell types engaged in SCI repair and the current difficulties these cells confront in the therapy of SCI are poorly defined, and the mechanisms underlying them are little understood. In order to better understand SCI and create new therapeutic strategies and enhance the clinical translation of SCI repair, we have comprehensively listed the endogenous cells involved in SCI repair and summarized the six most common mechanisms involved in SCI repair, including limiting the inflammatory response, protecting the spared spinal cord, enhancing myelination, facilitating neovascularization, producing neurotrophic factors, and differentiating into neural/colloidal cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Shengwen Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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29
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Yang R, Pan J, Wang Y, Xia P, Tai M, Jiang Z, Chen G. Application and prospects of somatic cell reprogramming technology for spinal cord injury treatment. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1005399. [PMID: 36467604 PMCID: PMC9712200 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1005399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious neurological trauma that is challenging to treat. After SCI, many neurons in the injured area die due to necrosis or apoptosis, and astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and other non-neuronal cells become dysfunctional, hindering the repair of the injured spinal cord. Corrective surgery and biological, physical and pharmacological therapies are commonly used treatment modalities for SCI; however, no current therapeutic strategies can achieve complete recovery. Somatic cell reprogramming is a promising technology that has gradually become a feasible therapeutic approach for repairing the injured spinal cord. This revolutionary technology can reprogram fibroblasts, astrocytes, NG2 cells and neural progenitor cells into neurons or oligodendrocytes for spinal cord repair. In this review, we provide an overview of the transcription factors, genes, microRNAs (miRNAs), small molecules and combinations of these factors that can mediate somatic cell reprogramming to repair the injured spinal cord. Although many challenges and questions related to this technique remain, we believe that the beneficial effect of somatic cell reprogramming provides new ideas for achieving functional recovery after SCI and a direction for the development of treatments for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingying Pan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yankai Wang
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Panhui Xia
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mingliang Tai
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhihao Jiang
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Center for Basic Medical Research, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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30
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Hall A, Fortino T, Spruance V, Niceforo A, Harrop JS, Phelps PE, Priest CA, Zholudeva LV, Lane MA. Cell transplantation to repair the injured spinal cord. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 166:79-158. [PMID: 36424097 PMCID: PMC10008620 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hall
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tara Fortino
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Victoria Spruance
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Division of Kidney, Urologic, & Hematologic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alessia Niceforo
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James S Harrop
- Department of Neurological and Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patricia E Phelps
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Lyandysha V Zholudeva
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael A Lane
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Ciciriello AJ, Surnar B, Medy GD, Su X, Dhar S, Dumont CM. Biomaterial-targeted precision nanoparticle delivery to the injured spinal cord. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:532-545. [PMID: 36087868 PMCID: PMC10551882 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery requires precision in timing, location, and dosage to achieve therapeutic benefits. Challenges in addressing all three of these critical criteria result in poor temporal dexterity, widespread accumulation and off-target effects, and high doses with the potential for toxicity. To address these challenges, we have developed the BiomatErial Accumulating Carriers for On-demand Nanotherapy (BEACON) platform that utilizes an implantable biomaterial to serve as a target for systemically delivered nanoparticles (NPs). With the BEACON system, administered NPs are conjugated with a ligand that has high affinity for a receptor in the implanted biomaterial. To test BEACON, an in vivo spinal cord injury (SCI) model was used as it provides an injury model where the three identified criteria can be tested as it is a dynamic and complicated injury model with no currently approved therapies. Through our work, we have demonstrated temporal dexterity in NP administration by injecting 6 days post-SCI, decreased off-target accumulation with a significant drop in liver accumulation, and retention of our NPs in the target biomaterial. The BEACON system can be applied broadly, beyond the nervous system, to improve systemically delivered NP accumulation at an implanted biomaterial target. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Targeted drug delivery approaches have the potential to improve therapeutic regimens for patients on a case-by-case basis. Improved localization of a therapeutic to site of interest can result in increased efficacy and limit the need for repeat dosing. Unfortunately, targeted strategies can fall short when receptors on cells or tissues are too widespread or change over the course of disease or injury progression. The BEACON system developed herein eliminates the need to target a cell or tissue receptor by targeting an implantable biomaterial with location-controllable accumulation and sustained presentation over time. The targeting paradigm presented by BEACON is widely applicable throughout tissue engineering and regenerative medicine without the need to retool for each new application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ciciriello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Bapurao Surnar
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Giovanni D Medy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Shanta Dhar
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, 1475 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Courtney M Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Miami, Florida 33136, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, Florida 33136, United States.
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32
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Filippone A, Mannino D, Cucinotta L, Paterniti I, Esposito E, Campolo M. LRRK2 Inhibition by PF06447475 Antagonist Modulates Early Neuronal Damage after Spinal Cord Trauma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091634. [PMID: 36139708 PMCID: PMC9495377 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event followed by neurodegeneration, activation of the inflammatory cascade, and immune system. The leucine-rich-repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a gene associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD), moreover, its kinase activity was found to be upregulated after instigated inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we aimed to investigate the PF06447475 (abbreviated as PF-475) role as a pharmacological LRRK2 antagonist by counteracting pathological consequences of spinal cord trauma. The in vivo model of SCI was induced by extradural compression of the spinal cord, then mice were treated with PF0-475 (2.5–5 and 10 mg/kg i.p) 1 and 6 h after SCI. We found that PF-475 treatments at the higher doses (5 and 10 mg/kg) showed a great ability to significantly reduce the degree of spinal cord tissue injury, glycogen accumulation, and demyelination of neurons associated with trauma. Furthermore, oxidative stress and cytokines expression levels, including interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and 12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), secreted and released after trauma were decreased by LRRK2 antagonist treatments. Our results suggest that the correlations between LRRK2 and inflammation of the CNS exist and that LRRK2 activity targeting could have direct effects on the intervention of neuroinflammatory disorders.
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Agarwal G, Roy A, Kumar H, Srivastava A. Graphene-collagen cryogel controls neuroinflammation and fosters accelerated axonal regeneration in spinal cord injury. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212971. [PMID: 35882128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition resulting in loss of motor function. The pathology of SCI is multifaceted and involves a cascade of events, including neuroinflammation and neuronal degeneration at the epicenter, limiting repair process. We developed a supermacroporous, mechanically elastic, electro-conductive, graphene crosslinked collagen (Gr-Col) cryogels for the regeneration of the spinal cord post-injury. The effects of graphene in controlling astrocytes reactivity and microglia polarization are evaluated in spinal cord slice organotypic culture and rat spinal cord lateral hemisection model of SCI. In our work, the application of external electric stimulus results in the enhanced expression of neuronal markers in an organotypic culture. The implantation of Gr-Col cryogels in rat thoracic T9-T11 hemisection model demonstrates an improved functional recovery within 14 days post-injury (DPI), promoted myelination, and decreases the lesion volume at the injury site. Decrease in the expression of STAT3 in the implanted Gr-Col cryogels may be responsible for the decrease in astrocytes reactivity. Microglia cells within the implanted cryogels shows higher anti-inflammatory phenotype (M2) than inflammatory (M1) phenotype. The higher expression of mature axonal markers like β-tubulin III, GAP43, doublecortin, and neurofilament 200 in the implanted Gr-Col cryogel confirms the axonal regeneration after 28 DPI. Gr-Col cryogels also modulate the production of ECM matrix, favouring the axonal regeneration. This study shows that Gr-Col cryogels decreases neuroinflammation and accelerate axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India.
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- Department of Medical Device, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educational and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India.
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Pinelli F, Pizzetti F, Veneruso V, Petillo E, Raghunath M, Perale G, Veglianese P, Rossi F. Biomaterial-Mediated Factor Delivery for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071673. [PMID: 35884981 PMCID: PMC9313204 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an injurious process that begins with immediate physical damage to the spinal cord and associated tissues during an acute traumatic event. However, the tissue damage expands in both intensity and volume in the subsequent subacute phase. At this stage, numerous events exacerbate the pathological condition, and therein lies the main cause of post-traumatic neural degeneration, which then ends with the chronic phase. In recent years, therapeutic interventions addressing different neurodegenerative mechanisms have been proposed, but have met with limited success when translated into clinical settings. The underlying reasons for this are that the pathogenesis of SCI is a continued multifactorial disease, and the treatment of only one factor is not sufficient to curb neural degeneration and resulting paralysis. Recent advances have led to the development of biomaterials aiming to promote in situ combinatorial strategies using drugs/biomolecules to achieve a maximized multitarget approach. This review provides an overview of single and combinatorial regenerative-factor-based treatments as well as potential delivery options to treat SCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Pinelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (F.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Fabio Pizzetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (F.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Valeria Veneruso
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Emilia Petillo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (F.P.); (E.P.)
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Michael Raghunath
- Center for Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Institute for Chemistry and Biotechnology (ICBT), Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland (USI), Via Buffi 13, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (F.R.); Tel.: +39-02-3901-4205 (P.V.); +39-02-2399-3145 (F.R.)
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milan, Italy; (F.P.); (F.P.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence: (P.V.); (F.R.); Tel.: +39-02-3901-4205 (P.V.); +39-02-2399-3145 (F.R.)
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35
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Fan C, Yang W, Zhang L, Cai H, Zhuang Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Dai J. Restoration of spinal cord biophysical microenvironment for enhancing tissue repair by injury-responsive smart hydrogel. Biomaterials 2022; 288:121689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Tran KA, Jin Y, Bouyer J, DeOre BJ, Suprewicz Ł, Figel A, Walens H, Fischer I, Galie PA. Magnetic alignment of injectable hydrogel scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2237-2247. [PMID: 35352727 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01590g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels for cell delivery and tissue regeneration have several advantages over pre-fabricated scaffolds that require more invasive transplantation procedures, but lack the ability to implement tunable topologies. Here, we describe an approach to create patternable and injectable scaffolds using magnetically-responsive (MR) self-assembling peptide hydrogels, and validate their efficacy to promote and align axon infiltration at the site of a spinal cord injury. In vitro experiments reveal the parameters needed to align the fibers using the application of an external magnetic field. These results indicate that applying a 100-Gauss (G) field to the peptide hydrogels during polymerization causes fiber alignment as measured by electron microscopy, even in the presence of cells. In order to mimic infiltrating axons, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are seeded on the surface of peptide hydrogels to interrogate the effects of both magnetic alignment and embedding human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in the scaffold. NPCs infiltrate peptide hydrogels seeded with hMSCs, and exhibit increased alignment and elongation in aligned gels. In order to evaluate these injectable and patternable scaffolds in vivo, hMSC-seeded peptide hydrogels are injected at the site of a contusion spinal cord injury with and without the presence of a magnetic field to align the resulting fibrous network. Measurements of axon growth and orientation as well as inflammation and glial scar formation indicate that these metrics are improved in magnetically aligned hMSC-seeded hydrogels. The results verify that MR hydrogels can dictate the orientation of infiltrating axons, providing a viable means to control the topology of injectable scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiet A Tran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Ying Jin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julien Bouyer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brandon J DeOre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Łukasz Suprewicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ana Figel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Hannah Walens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Itzhak Fischer
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter A Galie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
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Wang Y, Lv HQ, Chao X, Xu WX, Liu Y, Ling GX, Zhang P. Multimodal therapy strategies based on hydrogels for the repair of spinal cord injury. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:16. [PMID: 35410314 PMCID: PMC9003987 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious traumatic disease of the central nervous system, which can give rise to the loss of motor and sensory function. Due to its complex pathological mechanism, the treatment of this disease still faces a huge challenge. Hydrogels with good biocompatibility and biodegradability can well imitate the extracellular matrix in the microenvironment of spinal cord. Hydrogels have been regarded as promising SCI repair material in recent years and continuous studies have confirmed that hydrogel-based therapy can effectively eliminate inflammation and promote spinal cord repair and regeneration to improve SCI. In this review, hydrogel-based multimodal therapeutic strategies to repair SCI are provided, and a combination of hydrogel scaffolds and other therapeutic modalities are discussed, with particular emphasis on the repair mechanism of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Hong-Qian Lv
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Xuan Chao
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Wen-Xin Xu
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Yun Liu
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Gui-Xia Ling
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016 China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016 China
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38
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Feng Q, Li D, Li Q, Cao X, Dong H. Microgel assembly: Fabrication, characteristics and application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Bioact Mater 2022; 9:105-119. [PMID: 34820559 PMCID: PMC8586262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgel assembly, a macroscopic aggregate formed by bottom-up assembly of microgels, is now emerging as prospective biomaterials for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). This mini-review first summarizes the fabrication strategies available for microgel assembly, including chemical reaction, physical reaction, cell-cell interaction and external driving force, then highlights its unique characteristics, such as microporosity, injectability and heterogeneity, and finally itemizes its applications in the fields of cell culture, tissue regeneration and biofabrication, especially 3D printing. The problems to be addressed for further applications of microgel assembly are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingguo Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingtao Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction (NERC-TRR), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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39
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Kittel Y, Kuehne AJC, De Laporte L. Translating Therapeutic Microgels into Clinical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101989. [PMID: 34826201 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are crosslinked, water-swollen networks with a 10 nm to 100 µm diameter and can be modified chemically or biologically to render them biocompatible for advanced clinical applications. Depending on their intended use, microgels require different mechanical and structural properties, which can be engineered on demand by altering the biochemical composition, crosslink density of the polymer network, and the fabrication method. Here, the fundamental aspects of microgel research and development, as well as their specific applications for theranostics and therapy in the clinic, are discussed. A detailed overview of microgel fabrication techniques with regards to their intended clinical application is presented, while focusing on how microgels can be employed as local drug delivery materials, scavengers, and contrast agents. Moreover, microgels can act as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regeneration application. Finally, an overview of microgels is given, which already made it into pre-clinical and clinical trials, while future challenges and chances are discussed. This review presents an instructive guideline for chemists, material scientists, and researchers in the biomedical field to introduce them to the fundamental physicochemical properties of microgels and guide them from fabrication methods via characterization techniques and functionalization of microgels toward specific applications in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonca Kittel
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry Ulm University Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC) Polymeric Biomaterials RWTH University Aachen Worringerweg 2 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI – Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 52074 Aachen Germany
- Max Planck School‐Matter to Life (MtL) Jahnstraße 29 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB) Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME) Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CBMS) University Hospital RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany
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40
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Hsu CC, George JH, Waller S, Besnard C, Nagel DA, Hill EJ, Coleman MD, Korsunsky AM, Cui Z, Ye H. Increased connectivity of hiPSC-derived neural networks in multiphase granular hydrogel scaffolds. Bioact Mater 2022; 9:358-372. [PMID: 34820576 PMCID: PMC8586009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To reflect human development, it is critical to create a substrate that can support long-term cell survival, differentiation, and maturation. Hydrogels are promising materials for 3D cultures. However, a bulk structure consisting of dense polymer networks often leads to suboptimal microenvironments that impedes nutrient exchange and cell-to-cell interaction. Herein, granular hydrogel-based scaffolds were used to support 3D human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural networks. A custom designed 3D printed toolset was developed to extrude hyaluronic acid hydrogel through a porous nylon fabric to generate hydrogel granules. Cells and hydrogel granules were combined using a weaker secondary gelation step, forming self-supporting cell laden scaffolds. At three and seven days, granular scaffolds supported higher cell viability compared to bulk hydrogels, whereas granular scaffolds supported more neurite bearing cells and longer neurite extensions (65.52 ± 11.59 μm) after seven days compared to bulk hydrogels (22.90 ± 4.70 μm). Long-term (three-month) cultures of clinically relevant hiPSC-derived neural cells in granular hydrogels supported well established neuronal and astrocytic colonies and a high level of neurite extension both inside and beyond the scaffold. This approach is significant as it provides a simple, rapid and efficient way to achieve a tissue-relevant granular structure within hydrogel cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chen Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Julian H. George
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sharlayne Waller
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Cyril Besnard
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - David A Nagel
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
- Translational Medicine Research Group, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Eric J Hill
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Michael D. Coleman
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Zhanfeng Cui
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Hua Ye
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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41
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Gao X, Cheng W, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Ding Z, Zhou X, Lu Q, Kaplan DL. Nerve Growth Factor-Laden Anisotropic Silk Nanofiber Hydrogels to Regulate Neuronal/Astroglial Differentiation for Scarless Spinal Cord Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:3701-3715. [PMID: 35006667 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Scarless spinal cord regeneration remains a challenge due to the complicated microenvironment at lesion sites. In this study, the nerve growth factor (NGF) was immobilized in silk protein nanofiber hydrogels with hierarchical anisotropic microstructures to fabricate bioactive systems that provide multiple physical and biological cues to address spinal cord injury (SCI). The NGF maintained bioactivity inside the hydrogels and regulated the neuronal/astroglial differentiation of neural stem cells. The aligned microstructures facilitated the migration and orientation of cells, which further stimulated angiogenesis and neuron extensions both in vitro and in vivo. In a severe rat long-span hemisection SCI model, these hydrogel matrices reduced scar formation and achieved the scarless repair of the spinal cord and effective recovery of motor functions. Histological analysis confirmed the directional regenerated neuronal tissues, with a similar morphology to that of the normal spinal cord. The in vitro and in vivo results showed promising utility for these NGF-laden silk hydrogels for spinal cord regeneration while also demonstrating the feasibility of cell-free bioactive matrices with multiple cues to regulate endogenous cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weinan Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyu Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Medical Collagen of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Danek C. Recent Advances and Future Challenges in the Additive Manufacturing of Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030494. [PMID: 35160482 PMCID: PMC8838229 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Danek
- Bessel LLC, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA;
- Mechanical Engineering Department, W.M. Keck Center for 3D Innovation, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Xin N, Liu X, Chen S, Zhang Y, Wei D, Sun J, Zhou L, Wu C, Fan H. Neuroinduction and neuroprotection co-enhanced spinal cord injury repair based on IL-4@ZIF-8-loaded hyaluronan-collagen hydrogels with nano-aligned and viscoelastic cues. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6315-6327. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01111e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) is extremely limited since the severe inflammatory responses lead to secondary damage, and the diseased extracellular matrix (ECM) fails to provide inductive cues...
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Advanced approaches to regenerate spinal cord injury: The development of cell and tissue engineering therapy and combinational treatments. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112529. [PMID: 34906773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) devastate event that is commonly caused by traumatic or non-traumatic events. The reinnervation of spinal cord axons is hampered through a myriad of devices counting on the damaged myelin, inflammation, glial scar, and defective inhibitory molecules. Unfortunately, an effective treatment to completely repair SCI and improve functional recovery has not been found. In this regard, strategies such as using cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and drugs have been reported to be effective for SCI recovery. Furthermore, recent advances in combinatorial treatments, which address various aspects of SCI pathophysiology, provide optimistic outcomes for spinal cord regeneration. According to the global importance of SCI, the goal of this article review is to provide an overview of the pathophysiology of SCI, with an emphasis on the latest modes of intervention and current advanced approaches for the treatment of SCI, in conjunction with an assessment of combinatorial approaches in preclinical and clinical trials. So, this article can give scientists and clinicians' clues to help them better understand how to construct preclinical and clinical studies that could lead to a breakthrough in spinal cord regeneration.
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45
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Walsh CM, Wychowaniec JK, Brougham DF, Dooley D. Functional hydrogels as therapeutic tools for spinal cord injury: New perspectives on immunopharmacological interventions. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 234:108043. [PMID: 34813862 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.108043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex medical and psychological challenge for which there is no curative therapy currently available. Despite major progress in pharmacological and surgical approaches, clinical trials for SCI patients have been uniformly disappointing thus far as there are many practical and biological issues yet to be resolved. Neuroinflammation is a critical event of the secondary injury phase after SCI, and recent research strategies have focused on modulating the immune response after injury to provide a more favorable recovery environment. Biomaterials can serve this purpose by providing physical and trophic support to the injured spinal cord after SCI. Of all potential biomaterials, functional hydrogels are emerging as a key component in novel treatment strategies for SCI, including controlled and localized delivery of immunomodulatory therapies to drive polarization of immune cells towards a pro-regenerative phenotype. Here, we extensively review recent developments in the use of functional hydrogels as immunomodulatory therapies for SCI. We briefly describe physicochemical properties of hydrogels and demonstrate how advanced fabrication methods lead to the required heterogeneity and hierarchical arrangements that increasingly mimic complex spinal cord tissue. We then summarize potential SCI therapeutic modalities including: (i) hydrogels alone; (ii) hydrogels as cellular or (iii) bioactive molecule delivery vehicles, and; (iv) combinatorial approaches. By linking the structural properties of hydrogels to their functions in treatment with particular focus on immunopharmacological stimuli, this may accelerate further development of functional hydrogels for SCI, and indeed next-generation central nervous system regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M Walsh
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jacek K Wychowaniec
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, 7270 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Dermot F Brougham
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dearbhaile Dooley
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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46
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Wang WY, Kent RN, Huang SA, Jarman EH, Shikanov EH, Davidson CD, Hiraki HL, Lin D, Wall MA, Matera DL, Shin JW, Polacheck WJ, Shikanov A, Baker BM. Direct comparison of angiogenesis in natural and synthetic biomaterials reveals that matrix porosity regulates endothelial cell invasion speed and sprout diameter. Acta Biomater 2021; 135:260-273. [PMID: 34469789 PMCID: PMC8595798 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization of large, diffusion-hindered biomaterial implants requires an understanding of how extracellular matrix (ECM) properties regulate angiogenesis. Sundry biomaterials assessed across many disparate angiogenesis assays have highlighted ECM determinants that influence this complex multicellular process. However, the abundance of material platforms, each with unique parameters to model endothelial cell (EC) sprouting presents additional challenges of interpretation and comparison between studies. In this work we directly compared the angiogenic potential of commonly utilized natural (collagen and fibrin) and synthetic dextran vinyl sulfone (DexVS) hydrogels in a multiplexed angiogenesis-on-a-chip platform. Modulating matrix density of collagen and fibrin hydrogels confirmed prior findings that increases in matrix density correspond to increased EC invasion as connected, multicellular sprouts, but with decreased invasion speeds. Angiogenesis in synthetic DexVS hydrogels, however, resulted in fewer multicellular sprouts. Characterizing hydrogel Young's modulus and permeability (a measure of matrix porosity), we identified matrix permeability to significantly correlate with EC invasion depth and sprout diameter. Although microporous collagen and fibrin hydrogels produced lumenized sprouts in vitro, they rapidly resorbed post-implantation into the murine epididymal fat pad. In contrast, DexVS hydrogels proved comparatively stable. To enhance angiogenesis within DexVS hydrogels, we incorporated sacrificial microgels to generate cell-scale pores throughout the hydrogel. Microporous DexVS hydrogels resulted in lumenized sprouts in vitro and enhanced cell invasion in vivo. Towards the design of vascularized biomaterials for long-term regenerative therapies, this work suggests that synthetic biomaterials offer improved size and shape control following implantation and that tuning matrix porosity may better support host angiogenesis. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding how extracellular matrix properties govern angiogenesis will inform biomaterial design for engineering vascularized implantable grafts. Here, we utilized a multiplexed angiogenesis-on-a-chip platform to compare the angiogenic potential of natural (collagen and fibrin) and synthetic dextran vinyl sulfone (DexVS) hydrogels. Characterization of matrix properties and sprout morphometrics across these materials points to matrix porosity as a critical regulator of sprout invasion speed and diameter, supported by the observation that nanoporous DexVS hydrogels yielded endothelial cell sprouts that were not perfusable. To enhance angiogenesis into synthetic hydrogels, we incorporated sacrificial microgels to generate microporosity. We find that microporosity increased sprout diameter in vitro and cell invasion in vivo. This work establishes a composite materials approach to enhance the vascularization of synthetic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Y Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Robert N Kent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Stephanie A Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | - Evan H Jarman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Eve H Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Christopher D Davidson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Harrison L Hiraki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Daphne Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Monica A Wall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Daniel L Matera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine & Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, United States
| | - William J Polacheck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States; McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, United States
| | - Ariella Shikanov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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47
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Hlavac N, Seroski DT, Agrawal NK, Astrab L, Liu R, Hudalla GA, Schmidt CE. Chondroitinase ABC/galectin-3 fusion proteins with hyaluronan-based hydrogels stabilize enzyme and provide targeted enzyme activity for neural applications. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34082409 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac07bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for central nervous system regeneration. Despite multiple beneficial outcomes for regeneration, translation of this enzyme is challenged by poor pharmacokinetics, localization, and stability.Approach. This study explored the function andin vitroapplication of engineered ChABC fused to galectin-3 (Gal3). Two previously developed ChABC-Gal3 oligomers (monomeric and trimeric) were evaluated for functionality and kinetics, then applied to anin vitrocellular outgrowth model using dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). The fusions were combined with two formulations of hyaluronan (HA)-based scaffolds to determine the extent of active enzyme release compared to wild type (WT) ChABC.Main Results. Monomeric and trimeric ChABC-Gal3 maintained digestive capabilities with kinetic properties that were substrate-dependent for chondroitin sulfates A, B, and C. The fusions had longer half-lives at 37 °C on the order of seven fold for monomer and twelve fold for trimer compared to WT. Both fusions were also effective at restoring DRG outgrowthin vitro. To create a combination approach, two triple-component hydrogels containing modified HA were formulated to match the mechanical properties of native spinal cord tissue and to support astrocyte viability (>80%) and adhesion. The hydrogels included collagen-I and laminin mixed with either 5 mg ml-1of glycidyl methacrylate HA or 3 mg ml-1Hystem. When combined with scaffolds, ChABC-Gal3 release time was lengthened compared to WT. Both fusions had measurable enzymatic activity for at least 10 d when incorporated in gels, compared to WT that lost activity after 1 d. These longer term release products from gels maintained adequate function to promote DRG outgrowth.Significance. Results of this study demonstrated cohesive benefits of two stabilized ChABC-Gal3 oligomers in combination with HA-based scaffolds for neural applications. Significant improvements to ChABC stability and release were achieved, meriting future studies of ChABC-Gal3/hydrogel combinations to target neural regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hlavac
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Dillon T Seroski
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Nikunj K Agrawal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Leilani Astrab
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Renjie Liu
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Gregory A Hudalla
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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48
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Tejeda G, Ciciriello AJ, Dumont CM. Biomaterial Strategies to Bolster Neural Stem Cell-Mediated Repair of the Central Nervous System. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 211:655-669. [PMID: 34120118 DOI: 10.1159/000515351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have the potential to not only repair, but to regenerate tissue of the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies demonstrate that transplanted stem cells can differentiate into neurons and integrate with the intact circuitry after traumatic injury. Unfortunately, the positive findings described in rodent models have not been replicated in clinical trials, where the burden to maintain the cell viability necessary for tissue repair becomes more challenging. Low transplant survival remains the greatest barrier to stem cell-mediated repair of the CNS, often with fewer than 1-2% of the transplanted cells remaining after 1 week. Strategic transplantation parameters, such as injection location, cell concentration, and transplant timing achieve only modest improvements in stem cell transplant survival and appear inconsistent across studies. Biomaterials provide researchers with a means to significantly improve stem cell transplant survival through two mechanisms: (1) a vehicle to deliver and protect the stem cells and (2) a substrate to control the cytotoxic injury environment. These biomaterial strategies can alleviate cell death associated with delivery to the injury and can be used to limit cell death after transplantation by limiting cell exposure to cytotoxic signals. Moreover, it is likely that control of the injury environment with biomaterials will lead to a more reliable support for transplanted cell populations. This review will highlight the challenges associated with cell delivery in the CNS and the advances in biomaterial development and deployment for stem cell therapies necessary to bolster stem cell-mediated repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giancarlo Tejeda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew J Ciciriello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Courtney M Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA.,Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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49
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Cao J, Wu J, Mu J, Feng S, Gao J. The design criteria and therapeutic strategy of functional scaffolds for spinal cord injury repair. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4591-4606. [PMID: 34018520 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00361e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a therapeutic challenge in clinic. Current drug and cell therapeutics have obtained significant efficacy but are still in the early stages for complete neural and functional recovery. In the past few decades, functional scaffolds (FSs) have been rapidly developed to bridge the lesion and provide a framework for tissue regeneration in SCI repair. Moreover, a FS can act as an adjuvant for locally delivering drugs in the lesion with a designed drug release profile, and supplying a biomimetic environment for implanted cells. In this review, the design criteria of FSs for SCI treatment are summarized according to their biocompatibility, mechanical properties, morphology, architecture, and biodegradability. Subsequently, FSs designed for SCI repair in the scope of drug delivery, cell implantation and combination therapy are introduced, respectively. And how a FS promotes their therapeutic efficacy is analyzed. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and potential of FSs for SCI treatment are discussed. Hopefully, this review may inspire the future development of potent FSs to facilitate SCI repair in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Jiahe Wu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Jiafu Mu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China. and International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China. and Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P.R. China
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50
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Keskin-Erdogan Z, Patel KD, Chau DYS, Day RM, Kim HW, Knowles JC. Utilization of GelMA with phosphate glass fibers for glial cell alignment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2212-2224. [PMID: 33960663 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glial cell alignment in tissue engineered constructs is essential for achieving functional outcomes in neural recovery. While gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogel offers superior biocompatibility along with permissive structure and tailorable mechanical properties, phosphate glass fibers (PGFs) can provide physical cues for directionality of neural growth. Aligned PGFs were fabricated by a melt quenching and fiber drawing method and utilized with synthesized GelMA hydrogel. The mechanical properties of GelMA and biocompatibility of the GelMA-PGFs composite were investigated in vitro using rat glial cells. GelMA with 86% methacrylation degree were photo-crosslinked using 0.1%wt photo-initiator (PI). Photocrosslinking under UV exposure for 60 s was used to produce hydrogels (GelMA-60). PGFs were introduced into the GelMA before crosslinking. Storage modulus and loss modulus of GelMA-60 was 24.73 ± 2.52 and 1.08 ± 0.23 kN/m2 , respectively. Increased cell alignment was observed in GelMA-PGFs compared with GelMA hydrogel alone. These findings suggest GelMA-PGFs can provide glial cells with physical cues necessary to achieve cell alignment. This approach could further be used to achieve glial cell alignment in bioengineered constructs designed to bridge damaged nerve tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zalike Keskin-Erdogan
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kapil D Patel
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - David Y S Chau
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard M Day
- Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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