1
|
Cai M, Huang L, Lv S, Jiang X. Synthesis and characterization of thermosensitive 2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chitin and its antibacterial sponge for noncompressible hemostasis and tissue regeneration. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121879. [PMID: 38388062 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Noncompressible hemorrhage is a leading cause of preventable death in battlefield/civilian trauma. The development of novel injectable and biodegradable hemostatic sponges, with rapid shape recovery and excellent antibacterial activity that can control hemorrhage in noncompressible bleeding sites and promote in situ tissue regeneration is still urgently needed. In this study, thermo/pH sensitive 2-hydroxypropyl-trimethylammonium chitins (QCHs) with low degree of quaternization substitution (DS: 0.07-0.23) and high degree of acetylation (DA: 0.91-0.94) were synthesized homogeneously for the first time. Their chemical compositions including DS and DA were characterized accurately by proton NMR for the first time. High strength QCH based sponges with good water/blood absorbency, rapid shape recovery and good antibacterial activity were prepared without using any crosslinkers but only due to their thermosensitive property, since they are soluble at low temperature but insoluble at high temperature. Compared with commercial products, the QCH sponges with cationic groups had the stronger pro-coagulant ability, better hemostatic effect in normal/heparinized liver perforation and femoral artery models in rats and porcine subclavian arteriovenous resection model. Moreover, the porous structure and biodegradability of the QCH sponges could promote in situ tissue regeneration. Overall, the QCH sponges show great clinical translational potential for noncompressible hemorrhage and tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhen Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Long Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Siyao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacture, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang J, Chen X, Chai Y, Zhuo C, Xu Y, Xue T, Shao D, Tao Y, Li M. 3D Printing of a Vascularized Mini-Liver Based on the Size-Dependent Functional Enhancements of Cell Spheroids for Rescue of Liver Failure. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309899. [PMID: 38380546 PMCID: PMC11077657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The emerging stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) are the alternative cell sources of hepatocytes for treatment of highly lethal acute liver failure (ALF). However, the hostile local environment and the immature cell differentiation may compromise their therapeutic efficacy. To this end, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hASCs) are engineered into different-sized multicellular spheroids and co-cultured with 3D coaxially and hexagonally patterned human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a liver lobule-like manner to enhance their hepatic differentiation efficiency. It is found that small-sized hASC spheroids, with a diameter of ≈50 µm, show superior pro-angiogenic effects and hepatic differentiation compared to the other counterparts. The size-dependent functional enhancements are mediated by the Wnt signaling pathway. Meanwhile, co-culture of hASCs with HUVECs, at a HUVECs/hASCs seeding density ratio of 2:1, distinctly promotes hepatic differentiation and vascularization both in vitro and in vivo, especially when endothelial cells are patterned into hollow hexagons. After subcutaneous implantation, the mini-liver, consisting of HLC spheroids and 3D-printed interconnected vasculatures, can effectively improve liver regeneration in two ALF animal models through amelioration of local oxidative stress and inflammation, reduction of liver necrosis, as well as increase of cell proliferation, thereby showing great promise for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver DiseaseGuangzhou510630China
| | - Xiaodie Chen
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Yurong Chai
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Chenya Zhuo
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver DiseaseGuangzhou510630China
| | - Yanteng Xu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver DiseaseGuangzhou510630China
| | - Tiantian Xue
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
| | - Dan Shao
- Institute of Life SciencesSchool of MedicineSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhou510006China
| | - Yu Tao
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver DiseaseGuangzhou510630China
| | - Mingqiang Li
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational MedicineCenter for NanomedicineThe Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510630China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver DiseaseGuangzhou510630China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fois M, Zengin A, Song K, Giselbrecht S, Habibović P, Truckenmüller RK, van Rijt S, Tahmasebi Birgani ZN. Nanofunctionalized Microparticles for Glucose Delivery in Three-Dimensional Cell Assemblies. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:17347-17360. [PMID: 38561903 PMCID: PMC11009907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell assemblies, such as multicellular spheroids, can be powerful biological tools to closely mimic the complexity of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in a native-like microenvironment. However, potential applications of large spheroids are limited by the insufficient diffusion of oxygen and nutrients through the spheroids and, thus, result in the formation of a necrotic core. To overcome this drawback, we present a new strategy based on nanoparticle-coated microparticles. In this study, microparticles function as synthetic centers to regulate the diffusion of small molecules, such as oxygen and nutrients, within human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) spheroids. The nanoparticle coating on the microparticle surface acts as a nutrient reservoir to release glucose locally within the spheroids. We first coated the surface of the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles with mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) based on electrostatic interactions and then formed cell-nanofunctionalized microparticle spheroids. Next, we investigated the stability of the MSN coating on the microparticles' surface during 14 days of incubation in cell culture medium at 37 °C. Then, we evaluated the influence of MSN-coated PLGA microparticles on spheroid aggregation and cell viability. Our results showed the formation of homogeneous spheroids with good cell viability. As a proof of concept, fluorescently labeled glucose (2-NBD glucose) was loaded into the MSNs at different concentrations, and the release behavior was monitored. For cell culture studies, glucose was loaded into the MSNs coated onto the PLGA microparticles to sustain local nutrient release within the hMSC spheroids. In vitro results demonstrated that the local delivery of glucose from MSNs enhanced the cell viability in spheroids during a short-term hypoxic culture. Taken together, the newly developed nanofunctionalized microparticle-based delivery system may offer a versatile platform for local delivery of small molecules within 3D cellular assemblies and, thus, improve cell viability in spheroids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ke Song
- Department of Instructive
Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive
Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibović
- Department of Instructive
Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roman K. Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive
Biomaterials Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired
Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huai Q, Zhu C, Zhang X, Dai H, Li X, Wang H. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in liver diseases: insights on their immunomodulatory roles and clinical applications. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:162. [PMID: 37670393 PMCID: PMC10478279 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity that is rising globally. Liver dysfunctions are classified into acute and chronic diseases. Various insults, including viral infections, alcohol or drug abuse, and metabolic overload, may cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis, leading to irreversible liver dysfunction. Up to now, liver transplantation could be the last resort for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, liver transplantation still faces unavoidable difficulties. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) with their broad ranging anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties can be effectively used for treating liver diseases but without the limitation that are associated with liver transplantation. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the characteristics of MSCs and the potential action mechanisms of MSCs-based cell therapies for liver diseases. We also draw attention to strategies to potentiate the therapeutic properties of MSCs through pre-treatments or gene modifications. Finally, we discuss progress toward clinical application of MSCs or their extracellular vesicles in liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hanren Dai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang X, Li Q, Liu W, Zong C, Wei L, Shi Y, Han Z. Mesenchymal stromal cells in hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis: from pathogenesis to treatment. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:583-599. [PMID: 36823236 PMCID: PMC10229624 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-00983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis is a significant health burden worldwide, resulting in liver failure or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and accounting for many deaths each year. The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis is very complex, which makes treatment challenging. Endogenous mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Paradoxically, exogenous MSCs have also been used in clinical trials for liver cirrhosis, and their effectiveness has been observed in most completed clinical trials. There are still many issues to be resolved to promote the use of MSCs in the clinic in the future. In this review, we will examine the controversial role of MSCs in the pathogenesis and treatment of hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis. We also investigated the clinical trials involving MSCs in liver cirrhosis, summarized the parameters that need to be standardized, and discussed how to promote the use of MSCs from a clinical perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Qing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chen Zong
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lixin Wei
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Medical Biomaterials of Jiangsu Province, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Zhipeng Han
- Department of Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Key Laboratory on Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Ministry of Education, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital/National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Highly efficient fabrication of functional hepatocyte spheroids by a magnetic system for the rescue of acute liver failure. Biomaterials 2023; 294:122014. [PMID: 36709644 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Engineering hepatocytes as multicellular cell spheroids can improve their viability after implantation in vivo for effective rescue of the devastating acute liver failure (ALF). However, there is still a lack of straightforward methods for efficient generation of functional hepatocyte spheroids. In this study, a magnetic system, consisting of magnetic microwell arrays and magnet blocks, is developed to realize magnetically controlled 3D cell capture and spatial confinement-mediated cell aggregation. The cell spheroids with smaller size show superior hepatic functions than the larger-sized counterparts. Notably, the intrinsic magnetism of magnetic microwell arrays can regulate superoxide anions in hepatocyte spheroids and herein promote various biological processes, including antioxidation, hepatocyte-related functions, and pro-angiogenic potential. Ectopic implantation of the functional cell spheroids in ALF-challenged mice significantly prolongs the animal survival, ameliorates inflammation, and promotes liver regeneration. Hence, application of the magnetic system for generation of functionally enhanced hepatocyte spheroids holds great potential for clinical translation in the future.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Zhang Y, Yang J. Transcriptome analysis reveals synergistic modulation of E-cadherin/N-cadherin in hMSC aggregates chondrogenesis. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:681-692. [PMID: 36595183 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is a vital inductor for mesenchymal condensation in chondrogenesis. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of E-cadherin in enhancing the multipotency of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and limb development; however, the signaling crosstalk of E/N-cadherin remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the synergistic modulation of E/N-cadherin in the chondrogenic differentiation of MSC aggregates. METHODS Human E/N-cadherin-functionalized (hE/N-cad-Fc) poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (hE/N-cad-PLGA) were incorporated into the human MSC (hMSC) aggregates to upregulate the expression of the corresponding endogenous cadherin. The chondrogenic differentiation of the hMSC aggregates was initiated by hE/N-cad-PLGA, controlling the release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). A transcriptome analysis was used to assess differentially expressed genes (DEGs) modulated by hE/N-cad-Fc in hMSC aggregate chondrogenesis. Gene functions and signaling pathways were assessed using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. The associated biological pathways were assessed by a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and the results were further confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blotting. RESULTS A total of 1083 DEGs, comprising 111 upregulated and 972 downregulated genes, were discovered to be related to the enhanced chondrogenic differentiation modulated by hE/N-cad-Fc. The GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses revealed that hE/N-cad-Fc synergistically regulated the p53-related survival signaling pathway. PPI analysis revealed that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) caspase regulation is a core aspect of the chondrogenic differentiation process, confirmed by western blotting. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to reveal that the synergistic modulation of E/N-cadherin enhances the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs via the ERK1/2-p53 signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
An Engineered Protein-Based Building Block (Albumin Methacryloyl) for Fabrication of a 3D In Vitro Cryogel Model. Gels 2022; 8:gels8070404. [PMID: 35877489 PMCID: PMC9324498 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of attrition in drug development or withdrawal; current animal experiments and traditional 2D cell culture systems fail to precisely predict the liver toxicity of drug candidates. Hence, there is an urgent need for an alternative in vitro model that can mimic the liver microenvironments and accurately detect human-specific drug hepatotoxicity. Here, for the first time we propose the fabrication of an albumin methacryloyl cryogel platform inspired by the liver’s microarchitecture via emulating the mechanical properties and extracellular matrix (ECM) cues of liver. Engineered crosslinkable albumin methacryloyl is used as a protein-based building block for fabrication of albumin cryogel in vitro models that can have potential applications in 3D cell culture and drug screening. In this work, protein modification, cryogelation, and liver ECM coating were employed to engineer highly porous three-dimensional cryogels with high interconnectivity, liver-like stiffness, and liver ECM as artificial liver constructs. The resulting albumin-based cryogel in vitro model provided improved cell–cell and cell–material interactions and consequently displayed excellent liver functional gene expression, being conducive to detection of fialuridine (FIAU) hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang Z, Li N, Shao Q, Zhu D, Feng Y, Wang Y, Yu M, Ren L, Chen Q, Yang G. Light-controlled scaffold- and serum-free hard palatal-derived mesenchymal stem cell aggregates for bone regeneration. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10334. [PMID: 36684075 PMCID: PMC9842060 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell aggregates that mimic in vivo cell-cell interactions are promising and powerful tools for tissue engineering. This study isolated a new, easily obtained, population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from rat hard palates named hard palatal-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs). The PMSCs were positive for CD90, CD44, and CD29 and negative for CD34, CD45, and CD146. They exhibited clonogenicity, self-renewal, migration, and multipotent differentiation capacities. Furthermore, this study fabricated scaffold-free 3D aggregates using light-controlled cell sheet technology and a serum-free method. PMSC aggregates were successfully constructed with good viability. Transplantation of the PMSC aggregates and the PMSC aggregate-implant complexes significantly enhanced bone formation and implant osseointegration in vivo, respectively. This new cell resource is easy to obtain and provides an alternative strategy for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Jiang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Na Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qin Shao
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Danji Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yuting Feng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yang Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Mengjia Yu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Lingfei Ren
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Guoli Yang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of StomatologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina,Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesHangzhouZhejiangChina,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang ProvinceCancer Center of Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang L, Wan Z, Yuan Z, Yang J, Zhang Y, Cai Q, Huang J, Zhao Y. Construction of multifunctional cell aggregates in angiogenesis and osteogenesis through incorporating hVE-cad-Fc-modified PLGA/β-TCP microparticles for enhancing bone regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3344-3356. [PMID: 35380570 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00359g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular aggregates have been widely utilized for regenerative medicine; however, the heterogeneous structure and undesired bioactivity of cell-only aggregates hinder their clinical translation. In this study, we fabricated an innovative kind of microparticle-integrated cellular aggregate with multifunctional activities in angiogenesis and osteogenesis, by combining stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and bioactive composite microparticles. The poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based bioactive microparticles (PTV microparticles) were ∼15 μm in diameter, with dispersed β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanoparticles and surface-modified vascular endothelialcadherin fusion protein (hVE-cad-Fc). After co-culturing with microparticles in U-bottomed culture plates, SHEDs could firmly attach to the microparticles with a homogeneous distribution. The PTV microparticle-integrated SHED aggregates (PTV/SHED aggregates) showed significant positive CD31 and ALP expression, as well as the significantly upregulated osteogenesis makers (Runx2, ALP, and OCN) and angiogenesis makers (Ang-1 and CD31), compared with PLGA, PLGA/β-TCP (PT) and PLGA/hVE-cad-Fc (PV) microparticle-integrated SHED aggregates. Finally, in mice, 3 mm calvarial defects filled with the PTV microparticle-integrated SHED aggregates achieved abundant vascularized neo-bone regeneration within 4 weeks. Overall, we believe that these multifunctional PTV/SHED aggregates could be used as modules for bottom-up regenerative medicine, and provide a promising method for vascularized bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxue Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Zhuo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China. .,Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Zuoying Yuan
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education & College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yunfan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials & Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Jianyong Huang
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry Ministry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Xu X, Zhang Y, An X, Zhang X, Chen G, Jiang Q, Yang J. Duo Cadherin-Functionalized Microparticles Synergistically Induce Chondrogenesis and Cartilage Repair of Stem Cell Aggregates. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200246. [PMID: 35485302 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) aggregates incorporated with microparticles of functional materials have shown promising prospects in the field of cell therapy for cartilage repair. Given the importance of cadherins in modulating the stemness and chondrogenesis of MSCs, the use of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based composite microparticles inspired by duo cadherin (human E- and N-cadherin fusion proteins) to construct a bioartificial stem cell niche in engineered human MSC (hMSC) aggregates to promote chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration is proposed. The hE/N-cadherin-functionalized PLGA/chitosan-heparin-TGFβ1 (Duo hE/N-cad@P/C-h-TGFβ1) microparticles spatiotemporally upregulates the endogenous E/N-cadherin expression of hMSC aggregates which further amplifies the chondrogenic differentiation and modulate paracrine and anti-inflammatory functions of hMSCs toward constructing a favorable microenvironment for chondrogenesis. The Duo hE/N-cad@P/C-h-TGFβ1 microparticles finely regulate the response of hMSCs to biochemical and mechanical signal stimuli in the microenvironment through the cadherin/catenin-Yes-associated protein signal transduction, which inhibits the hypertrophy of hMSC-derived chondrocytes. Furthermore, immunofluorescent and histological examinations show that the Duo hE/N-cad@P/C-h-TGFβ1 microparticles significantly improve regeneration of cartilage and subchondral bone in vivo. Together, the application of duo cadherin-functionalized microparticles is considered an innovative material-wise approach to exogenously activate hMSC aggregates for functional applications in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Xingquan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopedic Surgery Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School 321 Zhongshan Road Nanjing Jiangsu 210008 P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology Nankai University Tianjin 300350 P. R. China
| | - Xueying An
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopedic Surgery Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School 321 Zhongshan Road Nanjing Jiangsu 210008 P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery and Department of Orthopedic Surgery Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School 321 Zhongshan Road Nanjing Jiangsu 210008 P. R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education College of Life Science Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bioinspired porous microspheres for sustained hypoxic exosomes release and vascularized bone regeneration. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:377-388. [PMID: 35386817 PMCID: PMC8964815 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
13
|
Maciel MM, Correia TR, Henriques M, Mano JF. Microparticles orchestrating cell fate in bottom-up approaches. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 73:276-281. [PMID: 34597880 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The modulation of cells in tissue formation is still one of the hardest tasks to achieve in Tissue Engineering. To control the cell response when undergoing their normal functions such as adhesion, differentiation, assembly, or maturation is vital the development of more successful solutions. Herein, we discuss how microparticles are being overlooked in their potential for controlling the cellular response. Until now, their role was quite often restricted to a reservoir of chemical compounds or as carriers for cell expansion. Nevertheless, microparticles design with the introduction of biophysical and biochemical cues can effectively modulate cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta M Maciel
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Complexo de Laboratórios Tecnológicos, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Tiago R Correia
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Complexo de Laboratórios Tecnológicos, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Henriques
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Complexo de Laboratórios Tecnológicos, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Du X, Wu L, Yan H, Jiang Z, Li S, Li W, Bai Y, Wang H, Cheng Z, Kong D, Wang L, Zhu M. Microchannelled alkylated chitosan sponge to treat noncompressible hemorrhages and facilitate wound healing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4733. [PMID: 34354068 PMCID: PMC8342549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing an anti-infective shape-memory hemostatic sponge able to guide in situ tissue regeneration for noncompressible hemorrhages in civilian and battlefield settings remains a challenge. Here we engineer hemostatic chitosan sponges with highly interconnective microchannels by combining 3D printed microfiber leaching, freeze-drying, and superficial active modification. We demonstrate that the microchannelled alkylated chitosan sponge (MACS) exhibits the capacity for water and blood absorption, as well as rapid shape recovery. We show that compared to clinically used gauze, gelatin sponge, CELOX™, and CELOX™-gauze, the MACS provides higher pro-coagulant and hemostatic capacities in lethally normal and heparinized rat and pig liver perforation wound models. We demonstrate its anti-infective activity against S. aureus and E. coli and its promotion of liver parenchymal cell infiltration, vascularization, and tissue integration in a rat liver defect model. Overall, the MACS demonstrates promising clinical translational potential in treating lethal noncompressible hemorrhage and facilitating wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Du
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education),Tianjin Center Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Le Wu
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education),Tianjin Center Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyu Yan
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education),Tianjin Center Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuyan Jiang
- grid.412648.d0000 0004 1798 6160Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shilin Li
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education),Tianjin Center Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Li
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education),Tianjin Center Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanli Bai
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education),Tianjin Center Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- grid.217309.e0000 0001 2180 0654Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ USA
| | - Zhaojun Cheng
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Deling Kong
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education),Tianjin Center Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianyong Wang
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education),Tianjin Center Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meifeng Zhu
- grid.216938.70000 0000 9878 7032College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials (Ministry of Education),Tianjin Center Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Medicine Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Han X, Tang S, Wang L, Xu X, Yan R, Yan S, Guo Z, Hu K, Yu T, Li M, Li Y, Zhang F, Gu N. Multicellular Spheroids Formation on Hydrogel Enhances Osteogenic/Odontogenic Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Under Magnetic Nanoparticles Induction. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5101-5115. [PMID: 34349510 PMCID: PMC8327189 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s318991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Promotion odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is essential for dentin regeneration. Physical cellular microenvironment is of critical importance for stem cells differentiation and influences the function of other biological/chemical factors to differentiation. Methods Based on adjusting the mechanical/interfacial properties of hydrogels, multicellular spheroids (MCSs) of DPSCs generated through self-organization. The spheroids were characterized by immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay, ALP staining and Alizarin Red S staining were performed to evaluate the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs with or without magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) induction. Results MCSs of DPSCs exhibited a significant upregulation of E-cadherin and N-cadherin and enriched CD146 positive subpopulation, along with a stronger osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation ability. Moreover, DPSCs spheroids showed more substantial osteogenic differentiation tendency than the classical two-dimensional cultured DPSCs under the stimulation of magnetic IONPs. Conclusion Three-dimensional spheroids culture of DPSCs based on composite viscoelastic materials combined with mechanical/magnetic stimulation may provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent development of dentin or bone regeneration technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Oral Regenerative Medicine Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijia Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Laboratory of Oral Regenerative Medicine Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruhan Yan
- Laboratory of Oral Regenerative Medicine Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaobin Guo
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ke Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Oral Regenerative Medicine Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengping Li
- Laboratory of Oral Regenerative Medicine Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Laboratory of Oral Regenerative Medicine Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feimin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Oral Regenerative Medicine Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- Laboratory of Oral Regenerative Medicine Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xie J, Li X, Zhang Y, Tang T, Chen G, Mao H, Gu Z, Yang J. VE-cadherin-based matrix promoting the self-reconstruction of pro-vascularization microenvironments and endothelial differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3357-3370. [PMID: 33881442 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the secretion and endothelial differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) plays an important role in the vascularization in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this study, a recombinant cadherin fusion protein consisting of a human vascular endothelial-cadherin extracellular domain and immunoglobulin IgG Fc region (hVE-cad-Fc) was developed as a bioartificial matrix for modulating hMSCs. The hVE-cad-Fc matrix significantly enhanced the secretion of angiogenic factors, activated the VE-cadherin-VEGFR2/FAK-AKT/PI3K signaling pathway in hMSCs, and promoted the endothelial differentiation of hMSCs even without extra VEGF. Furthermore, the hVE-cad-Fc matrix was applied for the surface modification of a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) porous scaffold, which significantly improved the hemocompatibility and vascularization of the PLGA scaffold in vivo. These results revealed that the hVE-cad-Fc matrix should be a superior bioartificial ECM for remodeling the pro-vascularization extracellular microenvironment by regulating the secretion of hMSCs, and showed great potential for the vascularization in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barcelona‐Estaje E, Dalby MJ, Cantini M, Salmeron‐Sanchez M. You Talking to Me? Cadherin and Integrin Crosstalk in Biomaterial Design. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002048. [PMID: 33586353 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While much work has been done in the design of biomaterials to control integrin-mediated adhesion, less emphasis has been put on functionalization of materials with cadherin ligands. Yet, cell-cell contacts in combination with cell-matrix interactions are key in driving embryonic development, collective cell migration, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and cancer metastatic processes, among others. This review focuses on the incorporation of both cadherin and integrin ligands in biomaterial design, to promote what is called the "adhesive crosstalk." First, the structure and function of cadherins and their role in eliciting mechanotransductive processes, by themselves or in combination with integrin mechanosensing, are introduced. Then, biomaterials that mimic cell-cell interactions, and recent applications to get insights in fundamental biology and tissue engineering, are critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Barcelona‐Estaje
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu M, Hua T, Ouyang T, Qian H, Yu B. Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Liver Fibrosis: Novel Strategies, Mechanisms, and Clinical Practice. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6546780. [PMID: 34434239 PMCID: PMC8380491 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6546780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common result of most chronic liver diseases, and advanced fibrosis often leads to cirrhosis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for liver cirrhosis except liver transplantation. Therefore, it is important to carry out antifibrosis treatment to reverse liver damage in the early stage of liver fibrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most widely used stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine. The preclinical and clinical research results of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis show that MSC administration is a promising treatment for liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. MSCs reverse liver fibrosis and increase liver function mainly through differentiation into hepatocytes, immune regulation, secretion of cytokines and other nutritional factors, reduction of hepatocyte apoptosis, and promotion of hepatocyte regeneration. Recently, many studies provided a variety of new methods and strategies to improve the effect of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarized the current effective methods and strategies and their potential mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of liver fibrosis, as well as the current research progress in clinical practice. We expect to achieve complete reversal of liver injury with MSC-based therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei Zhu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tianzhen Hua
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao Ouyang
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Huofu Qian
- 2Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Taizhou, China
| | - Bing Yu
- 1Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lyu Y, Xie J, Liu Y, Xiao M, Li Y, Yang J, Yang J, Liu W. Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Loaded with Functionalized Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates for Repairing Infarcted Myocardium. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6926-6937. [PMID: 33320638 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Conventional strategies of stem cell injection in treating myocardial infarction (MI) remain a challenge because of low retention rate and insufficient secretion of exogenous cytokines for efficiently improving the microenvironment in the infarcted myocardium, thus hampering the therapeutic effect. Herein, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles modified with human VE-cad-Fc fusion protein are fabricated and integrated with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to construct functionalized MSC aggregates (FMAs). This fusion protein can effectively promote the paracrine activity of MSCs. The FMA is encapsulated with an injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-based hydrogel, which is prepared by Schiff base reaction between oxidized HA (OHA) and hydrazided HA (HHA). The OHA@HHA hydrogel loading FMA is injected into the infarcted myocardium of rats, thereby efficiently improving the MI microenvironment in terms of decreased expressions of inflammatory cytokines and upregulated secretion of angiogenic factors compared to the plain hydrogel only and hydrogel encapsulating MSCs. The results of both echocardiography and histological analyses demonstrate the efficient reconstruction of cardiac function and structure and revascularization in the infarct myocardium. The delivery of functionalized stem cell aggregates with an injectable hydrogel offers a promising strategy for treating myocardial infarction and may be expanded to other tissue repair and reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanning Lyu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinghui Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianhai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shibata-Seki T, Nagaoka M, Goto M, Kobatake E, Akaike T. Direct visualization of the extracellular binding structure of E-cadherins in liquid. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17044. [PMID: 33046720 PMCID: PMC7552386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is a key Ca-dependent cell adhesion molecule, which is expressed on many cell surfaces and involved in cell morphogenesis, embryonic development, EMT, etc. The fusion protein E-cad-Fc consists of the extracellular domain of E-cadherin and the IgG Fc domain. On plates coated with this chimeric protein, ES/iPS cells are cultivated particularly well and induced to differentiate. The cells adhere to the plate via E-cad-Fc in the presence of Ca2+ and detach by a chelating agent. For the purpose of clarifying the structures of E-cad-Fc in the presence and absence of Ca2+, we analyzed the molecular structure of E-cad-Fc by AFM in liquid. Our AFM observations revealed a rod-like structure of the entire extracellular domain of E-cad-Fc in the presence of Ca2+ as well as trans-binding of E-cad-Fc with adjacent molecules, which may be the first, direct confirmation of trans-dimerization of E-cadherin. The observed structures were in good agreement with an X-ray crystallographic model. Furthermore, we succeeded in visualizing the changes in the rod-like structure of the EC domains with and without calcium. The biomatrix surface plays an important role in cell culture, so the analysis of its structure and function may help promote cell engineering based on cell recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teiko Shibata-Seki
- Biomaterials Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, 24-16 Kasuga, 3-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0821, Japan
| | - Masato Nagaoka
- Biomaterials Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, 24-16 Kasuga, 3-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0821, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Goto
- Biomaterials Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, 24-16 Kasuga, 3-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0821, Japan.
| | - Eiry Kobatake
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, G1-13, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akaike
- Biomaterials Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, 24-16 Kasuga, 3-chome, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0821, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yuan Z, Wan Z, Wei P, Lu X, Mao J, Cai Q, Zhang X, Yang X. Dual-Controlled Release of Icariin/Mg 2+ from Biodegradable Microspheres and Their Synergistic Upregulation Effect on Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000211. [PMID: 32338458 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Current scaffolds applied for bone tissue engineering are still lacking sufficient osteogenic capacity to induce efficient bone regeneration. Biodegradable microsphere-type scaffolds are designed to achieve the dual-controlled release of a Chinese medicine (i.e., icariin, ICA) and a bioactive ion (i.e., Mg2+ ), in order to achieve their synergistic effect on inducing osteogenesis. The hydrophobic icariin is preloaded onto MgO/MgCO3 (1:1 in weight ratio) particles at different amounts and then the particles are encapsulated into biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres (PMI) at a fixed fraction (20 wt%). Continuous releases of Mg2+ ion and icariin from the microspheres are detected, showing dependence on icariin amounts. At an optimized moderate loading amount, the resulting PMI-M microspheres display the strongest activation effect on cell biological behaviors among all the designs. By implanting the PMI-M microspheres into rat calvarial defects for 16 weeks, it is found that they can effectively enhance new bone formation, presenting significantly higher capacity in inducing osteogenesis than PMg (containing MgO/MgCO3 but without icariin) and blank PLGA microspheres. Clearly, the released Mg2+ ions are beneficial to osteogenesis, and the coincorporation of icariin exerts supplemental effects in inducing new bone formation, which suggest a promising strategy to regenerate severe bone injuries by designing a dual-release system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuoying Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering ScienceCollege of EngineeringPeking University Beijing 100871 P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of EndodonticsSchool and Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070 P. R. China
| | - Jianping Mao
- Department of Spine SurgeryBeijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing 100035 P. R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of EndodonticsSchool and Hospital of StomatologyTianjin Medical University Tianjin 300070 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee H, Ahn J, Jung C, Jeung Y, Cho H, Son MJ, Chung K. Optimization of 3D hydrogel microenvironment for enhanced hepatic functionality of primary human hepatocytes. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1864-1876. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho‐Joon Lee
- Stem Cell Convergence Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Stem Cell Convergence Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Cho‐Rock Jung
- Gene Therapy UnitKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Yun‐Ji Jeung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Soo Cho
- Stem Cell Convergence Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jin Son
- Stem Cell Convergence Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Sook Chung
- Stem Cell Convergence Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional GenomicsKorea University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Translational Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang S, Cao Z, Zhu J, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Zhao L, Sun X, Wang X. In Vitro Monolayer Culture of Dispersed Neural Stem Cells on the E-Cadherin-Based Substrate with Long-Term Stemness Maintenance. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18136-18146. [PMID: 31720516 PMCID: PMC6843705 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) play an important role in neural tissue engineering because of their capacity of self-renewal and differentiation to multiple cell lineages. The in vitro conventional neurosphere culture protocol has some limitations such as limited nutrition and oxygen penetration and distribution causing the heterogeneity of cells inside, inaccessibility of internal cells, and inhomogeneous cellular morphology and properties. As a result, cultivation as a monolayer is a better way to study NSCs and obtain a homogeneous cell population. The cadherins are a classical family of homophilic cell adhesion molecules mediating cell-cell adhesion. Here, we used a recombinant human E-cadherin mouse IgG Fc chimera protein that self-assembles on a hydrophobic polystyrene surface via hydrophobic interaction to obtain an E-cadherin-coated culture plate (ECP). The rat fetal NSCs were cultured on the ECP and routine tissue culture plate (TCP) from passage 2 to passage 5. NSCs on TCP formed uniform floating neurospheres and grew up over time, while cells on the ECP adhered on the bottom of the plate and exhibited individual cells with scattering morphology, forming intercellular connections between cells. The cell proliferation and differentiation behaviors that were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK-8), immunofluorescence staining, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed NSCs could maintain the capacity for self-renewal and ability to differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes after the long-term in vitro cell culture and passaging. Therefore, our study indicated that hE-cad-Fc could provide a homogeneous environment for individual cells in monolayer conditions to maintain the capacity of self-renewal and differentiation by mimicking the cell-cell interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinjin Zhu
- Department
of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical College
of Zhejiang University, Sir Run Run Shaw
Institute of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - He Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Key Laboratory
of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials
Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dai G, Ye K. Editorial introduction to special issue on "Biomaterials for cell manufacturing and tissue biofabrication". Acta Biomater 2019; 95:1-2. [PMID: 31447132 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Binghamton University, State University of New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|