1
|
Chandra DK, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Kumar A, Mahapatra C. Nanomaterials-Based Hybrid Bioink Platforms in Advancing 3D Bioprinting Technologies for Regenerative Medicine. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 38822783 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is recognized as the ultimate additive biomanufacturing technology in tissue engineering and regeneration, augmented with intelligent bioinks and bioprinters to construct tissues or organs, thereby eliminating the stipulation for artificial organs. For 3D bioprinting of soft tissues, such as kidneys, hearts, and other human body parts, formulations of bioink with enhanced bioinspired rheological and mechanical properties were essential. Nanomaterials-based hybrid bioinks have the potential to overcome the above-mentioned problem and require much attention among researchers. Natural and synthetic nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxides, titanium oxides, nanosilicates, nanoclay, nanocellulose, etc. and their blended have been used in various 3D bioprinters as bioinks and benefitted enhanced bioprintability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. A limited number of articles were published, and the above-mentioned requirement pushed us to write this review. We reviewed, explored, and discussed the nanomaterials and nanocomposite-based hybrid bioinks for the 3D bioprinting technology, 3D bioprinters properties, natural, synthetic, and nanomaterial-based hybrid bioinks, including applications with challenges, limitations, ethical considerations, potential solution for future perspective, and technological advancement of efficient and cost-effective 3D bioprinting methods in tissue regeneration and healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Kumar Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães 4800-058, Braga,Portugal
| | - Subhas C Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Barco, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães 4800-058, Braga,Portugal
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Chinmaya Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gholamali I, Vu TT, Jo SH, Park SH, Lim KT. Exploring the Progress of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels: Synthesis, Characteristics, and Wide-Ranging Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2439. [PMID: 38793505 PMCID: PMC11123044 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the world of hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels, exploring their creation, characteristics, research methodologies, and uses. HA hydrogels stand out among natural polysaccharides due to their distinct features. Their exceptional biocompatibility makes them a top choice for diverse biomedical purposes, with a great ability to coexist harmoniously with living cells and tissues. Furthermore, their biodegradability permits their gradual breakdown by bodily enzymes, enabling the creation of temporary frameworks for tissue engineering endeavors. Additionally, since HA is a vital component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in numerous tissues, HA hydrogels can replicate the ECM's structure and functions. This mimicry is pivotal in tissue engineering applications by providing an ideal setting for cellular growth and maturation. Various cross-linking techniques like chemical, physical, enzymatic, and hybrid methods impact the mechanical strength, swelling capacity, and degradation speed of the hydrogels. Assessment tools such as rheological analysis, electron microscopy, spectroscopy, swelling tests, and degradation studies are employed to examine their attributes. HA-based hydrogels feature prominently in tissue engineering, drug distribution, wound recovery, ophthalmology, and cartilage mending. Crafting HA hydrogels enables the production of biomaterials with sought-after qualities, offering avenues for advancements in the realm of biomedicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Gholamali
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (I.G.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Trung Thang Vu
- Department of Smart Green Technology Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Han Jo
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (I.G.); (S.-H.J.)
| | - Sang-Hyug Park
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (I.G.); (S.-H.J.)
- Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, College of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Taek Lim
- Institute of Display Semiconductor Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lee GW, Chandrasekharan A, Roy S, Thamarappalli A, Mahaling B, Lee H, Seong KY, Ghosh S, Yang SY. 3D bioprinting of stromal cells-laden artificial cornea based on visible light-crosslinkable bioinks forming multilength networks. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035002. [PMID: 38507802 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad35eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
3D bioprinting has the potential for the rapid and precise engineering of hydrogel constructs that can mimic the structural and optical complexity of a healthy cornea. However, the use of existing light-activated bioinks for corneal printing is limited by their poor cytocompatibility, use of cytotoxic photoinitiators (PIs), low photo-crosslinking efficiency, and opaque/colored surface of the printed material. Herein, we report a fast-curable, non-cytotoxic, optically transparent bioprinting system using a new water-soluble benzoyl phosphinate-based PI and photocrosslinkable methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA). Compared with commercially available PIs, the newly developed PI, lithium benzoyl (phenyl) phosphinate (BP), demonstrated increased photoinitiation efficiency under visible light and low cytotoxicity. Using a catalytic amount of BP, the HA-based bioinks quickly formed 3D hydrogel constructs under low-energy visible-light irradiation (405 nm, <1 J cm-2). The mechanical properties and printability of photocurable bioinks were further improved by blending low (10 kDa) and high (100 kDa) molecular weight (MW) HAMA by forming multilength networks. For potential applications as corneal scaffolds, stromal cell-laden dome-shaped constructs were fabricated using MW-blended HAMA/BP bioink and a digital light processing printer. The HA-based photocurable bioinks exhibited good cytocompatibility (80%-95%), fast curing kinetics (<5 s), and excellent optical transparency (>90% in the visible range), potentially making them suitable for corneal tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Won Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajeesh Chandrasekharan
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhadeep Roy
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Akash Thamarappalli
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Binapani Mahaling
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hyeseon Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Keum-Yong Seong
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Department of Textile and Fibre Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Seung Yun Yang
- Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 Four Program), Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arjoca S, Bojin F, Neagu M, Păunescu A, Neagu A, Păunescu V. Hydrogel Extrusion Speed Measurements for the Optimization of Bioprinting Parameters. Gels 2024; 10:103. [PMID: 38391433 PMCID: PMC10888060 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is the use of computer-controlled transfer processes for assembling bioinks (cell clusters or materials loaded with cells) into structures of prescribed 3D organization. The correct bioprinting parameters ensure a fast and accurate bioink deposition without exposing the cells to harsh conditions. This study seeks to optimize pneumatic extrusion-based bioprinting based on hydrogel flow rate and extrusion speed measurements. We measured the rate of the hydrogel flow through a cylindrical nozzle and used non-Newtonian hydrodynamics to fit the results. From the videos of free-hanging hydrogel strands delivered from a stationary print head, we inferred the extrusion speed, defined as the speed of advancement of newly formed strands. Then, we relied on volume conservation to evaluate the extrudate swell ratio. The theoretical analysis enabled us to compute the extrusion speed for pressures not tested experimentally as well as the printing speed needed to deposit hydrogel filaments of a given diameter. Finally, the proposed methodology was tested experimentally by analyzing the morphology of triple-layered square-grid hydrogel constructs printed at various applied pressures while the printing speeds matched the corresponding extrusion speeds. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that preliminary measurements and theoretical analyses can simplify the search for the optimal bioprinting parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stelian Arjoca
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Modeling Biological Systems and Data Analysis, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Florina Bojin
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- OncoGen Institute, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Monica Neagu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Modeling Biological Systems and Data Analysis, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Păunescu
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Neagu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Modeling Biological Systems and Data Analysis, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Virgil Păunescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- OncoGen Institute, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen H, Xue H, Zeng H, Dai M, Tang C, Liu L. 3D printed scaffolds based on hyaluronic acid bioinks for tissue engineering: a review. Biomater Res 2023; 27:137. [PMID: 38142273 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is widely distributed in human connective tissue, and its unique biological and physicochemical properties and ability to facilitate biological structure repair make it a promising candidate for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting in the field of tissue regeneration and biomedical engineering. Moreover, HA is an ideal raw material for bioinks in tissue engineering because of its histocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, biodegradability, anti-inflammatory properties, anti-angiogenic properties, and modifiability. Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field focusing on in vitro reconstructions of mammalian tissues, such as cartilage tissue engineering, neural tissue engineering, skin tissue engineering, and other areas that require further clinical applications. In this review, we first describe the modification methods, cross-linking methods, and bioprinting strategies for HA and its derivatives as bioinks and then critically discuss the strengths, shortcomings, and feasibility of each method. Subsequently, we reviewed the practical clinical applications and outcomes of HA bioink in 3D bioprinting. Finally, we describe the challenges and opportunities in the development of HA bioink to provide further research references and insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
- Xijing Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huaqian Xue
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Huanxuan Zeng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Minghai Dai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China
| | - Chengxuan Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China.
| | - Liangle Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Burkey K, Castillo K, Elrod P, Suekuni MT, Aikman E, Gehrke S, Allgeier A, Robinson JL. Modulating pentenoate-functionalized hyaluronic acid hydrogel network properties for meniscal fibrochondrocyte mechanotransduction. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1525-1537. [PMID: 37103006 PMCID: PMC10524304 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Knee meniscus tears are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries. While meniscus replacements using allografts or biomaterial-based scaffolds are available, these treatments rarely result in integrated, functional tissue. Understanding mechanotransducive signaling cues that promote a meniscal cell regenerative phenotype is critical to developing therapies that promote tissue regeneration rather than fibrosis after injury. The purpose of this study was to develop a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel system with tunable crosslinked network properties by modulating the degree of substitution (DoS) of reactive-ene groups to investigate mechanotransducive cues received by meniscal fibrochondrocytes (MFCs) from their microenvironment. A thiol-ene step-growth polymerization crosslinking mechanism was employed using pentenoate-functionalized hyaluronic acid (PHA) and dithiothreitol to achieve tunability of the chemical crosslinks and resulting network properties. Increased crosslink density, reduced swelling, and increased compressive modulus (60-1020 kPa) were observed with increasing DoS. Osmotic deswelling effects were apparent in PBS and DMEM+ compared to water; swelling ratios and compressive moduli were decreased in the ionic buffers. Frequency sweep studies showed storage and loss moduli of hydrogels at 1 Hz approach reported meniscus values and showed increasing viscous response with increasing DoS. The degradation rate increased with decreasing DoS. Lastly, modulating PHA hydrogel surface modulus resulted in control of MFC morphology, suggesting relatively soft hydrogels (E = 60 ± 35 kPa) promote more inner meniscus phenotype compared to rigid hydrogels (E = 610 ± 66 kPa). Overall, these results highlight the use of -ene DoS modulation in PHA hydrogels to tune crosslink density and physical properties to understand mechanotransduction mechanisms required to promote meniscus regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyley Burkey
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas
| | - Kayla Castillo
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas
| | - Philip Elrod
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas
| | - Murilo T. Suekuni
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas
| | - Elizabeth Aikman
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas
| | - Stevin Gehrke
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas
| | - Alan Allgeier
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas
| | - Jennifer L. Robinson
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharma Y, Shankar V. Technologies for the fabrication of crosslinked polysaccharide-based hydrogels and its role in microbial three-dimensional bioprinting - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126194. [PMID: 37562476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-Dimensional bioprinting has recently gained more attraction among researchers for its wide variety of applicability. This technology involving in developing structures that mimic the natural anatomy, and also aims in developing novel biomaterials, bioinks which have a better printable ability. Different hydrogels (cross-linked polysaccharides) can be used and optimized for good adhesion and cell proliferation. Manufacturing hydrogels with adjustable characteristics allows for fine-tuning of the cellular microenvironment. Different printing technologies can be used to create hydrogels on a micro-scale which will allow regular, patterned integration of cells into hydrogels. Controlling tissue constructions' structural architecture is the important key to ensuring its function as it is designed. The designed tiny hydrogels will be useful in investigating the cellular behaviour within the environments. Three-Dimensional designs can be constructed by modifying their shape and behaviour analogous concerning pressure, heat, electricity, ultraviolet radiation or other environmental elements. Yet, its application in in vitro infection models needs more research and practical study. Microbial bioprinting has become an advancing field with promising potential to develop various biomedical as well as environmental applications. This review elucidates the properties and usage of different hydrogels for Three-Dimensional bioprinting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Sharma
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore - 14, India
| | - Vijayalakshmi Shankar
- CO(2) Research and Green Technologies Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore - 14, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gillispie GJ, Copus J, Uzun-Per M, Yoo JJ, Atala A, Niazi MKK, Lee SJ. The correlation between rheological properties and extrusion-based printability in bioink artifact quantification. MATERIALS & DESIGN 2023; 233:112237. [PMID: 37854951 PMCID: PMC10583861 DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2023.112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioinks for cell-based bioprinting face availability limitations. Furthermore, the bioink development process needs comprehensive printability assessment methods and a thorough understanding of rheological factors' influence on printing outcomes. To bridge this gap, our study aimed to investigate the relationship between rheological properties and printing outcomes. We developed a specialized bioink artifact specifically designed to improve the quantification of printability assessment. This bioink artifact adhered to established criteria from extrusion-based bioprinting approaches. Seven hydrogel-based bioinks were selected and tested using the bioink artifact and rheological measurement. Rheological analysis revealed that the high-performing bioinks exhibited notable characteristics such as high storage modulus, low tan(δ), high shear-thinning capabilities, high yield stress, and fast, near-complete recovery abilities. Although rheological data alone cannot fully explain printing outcomes, certain metrics like storage modulus and tan(δ) correlated well (R2 > 0.9) with specific printing outcomes, such as gap-spanning capability and turn accuracy. This study provides a comprehensive examination of bioink shape fidelity across a wide range of bioinks, rheological measures, and printing outcomes. The results highlight the importance of considering the holistic view of bioink's rheological properties and directly measuring printing outcomes. These findings underscore the need to enhance bioink availability and establish standardized methods for assessing printability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Gillispie
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Joshua Copus
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Meryem Uzun-Per
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - James J. Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Muhammad Khalid Khan Niazi
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Wake Forest University-Virginia Tech, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hopson C, Rigual V, Alonso MV, Oliet M, Rodriguez F. Eucalyptus bleached kraft pulp-ionic liquid inks for 3D printing of ionogels and hydrogels. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120897. [PMID: 37182980 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has been recently recognized as one of the most promising technologies due to the multiple options to fabricate cost-effective and customizable objects. However, the necessity to substitute fossil fuels as raw materials is increasing the research on bio-based inks with recyclable and eco-friendly properties. In this work, we formulated inks for the 3D printing of ionogels and hydrogels with bleached kraft pulp dissolved in [Emim][DMP] at different concentrations (1-4 wt%). We explored each ink's rheological properties and printability and compared the printability parameters with a commercial ink. The rheological results showed that the 3 % and 4 % cellulose-ionic liquid inks exhibited the best properties. Both had values of damping factor between 0.4 and 0.7 and values of yield stress between 1900 and 2500 Pa. Analyzing the printability, the 4 wt% ink was selected as the most promising because the printed ionogels and the hydrogels had the best print resolution and fidelity, similar to the reference ink. After printing, ionogels and hydrogels had values of the elastic modulus (G') between 103 and 104 Pa, and the ionogels are recyclables. Altogether, these 3D printed cellulose ionogels and hydrogels may have an opportunity in the electrochemical and medical fields, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Hopson
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victoria Rigual
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Virginia Alonso
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Oliet
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodriguez
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Complutense S/N, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nedrelow DS, Rassi A, Ajeeb B, Jones CP, Huebner P, Ritto FG, Williams WR, Fung KM, Gildon BW, Townsend JM, Detamore MS. Regenerative Engineering of a Biphasic Patient-Fitted Temporomandibular Joint Condylar Prosthesis. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:307-320. [PMID: 37335050 PMCID: PMC10402699 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine approaches to restore the mandibular condyle of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) may fill an unmet patient need. In this study, a method to implant an acellular regenerative TMJ prosthesis was developed for orthotopic implantation in a pilot goat study. The scaffold incorporated a porous, polycaprolactone-hydroxyapatite (PCL-HAp, 20wt% HAp) 3D printed condyle with a cartilage-matrix-containing hydrogel. A series of material characterizations was used to determine the structure, fluid transport, and mechanical properties of 3D printed PCL-HAp. To promote marrow uptake for cell seeding, a scaffold pore size of 152 ± 68 μm resulted in a whole blood transport initial velocity of 3.7 ± 1.2 mm·s-1 transported to the full 1 cm height. The Young's modulus of PCL was increased by 67% with the addition of HAp, resulting in a stiffness of 269 ± 20 MPa for etched PCL-HAp. In addition, the bending modulus increased by 2.06-fold with the addition of HAp to 470 MPa for PCL-HAp. The prosthesis design with an integrated hydrogel was compared with unoperated contralateral control and no-hydrogel group in a goat model for 6 months. A guide was used to make the condylectomy cut, and the TMJ disc was preserved. MicroCT assessment of bone suggested variable tissue responses with some regions of bone growth and loss, although more loss may have been exhibited by the hydrogel group than the no-hydrogel group. A benchtop load transmission test suggested that the prosthesis was not shielding load to the underlying bone. Although variable, signs of neocartilage formation were exhibited by Alcian blue and collagen II staining on the anterior, functional surface of the condyle. Overall, this study demonstrated signs of functional TMJ restoration with an acellular prosthesis. There were apparent limitations to continuous, reproducible bone formation, and stratified zonal cartilage regeneration. Future work may refine the prosthesis design for a regenerative TMJ prosthesis amenable to clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Nedrelow
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ali Rassi
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Boushra Ajeeb
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Cameron P Jones
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Pedro Huebner
- School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Fabio G Ritto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Wendy R Williams
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Bradford W Gildon
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Allied Health, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jakob M Townsend
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bui HT, Cho W, Park JK, Lee MS, Kim HK, Yoo HS. Korean Amberjack Skin-Inspired Hyaluronic Acid Bioink for Reconstruction of Human Skin. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:22752-22761. [PMID: 37396224 PMCID: PMC10308565 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) has been extensively employed as tissue engineering scaffolds because its components can greatly enhance the migration and proliferation of cultivating cells. In this study, we decellularized Korean amberjack skin and incorporated soluble fractions in hyaluronic acid hydrogels with 3D-printed tissue engineering hydrogels to overcome any limitation of animal-derived dECM. The hydrolyzed fish-dECM was mixed with methacrylated hyaluronic acid and chemically crosslinked to 3D-printed fish-dECM hydrogels, where fish-dECM contents affected both printability and injectability of the hydrogels. Swelling ratios and mass erosion of the 3D-printed hydrogels were dependent on fish-dECM contents, where higher fish-dECM in the hydrogel increased swelling ratios and mass erosion rates. The higher content of fish-dECM considerably enhanced the viability of the incorporated cells in the matrix for 7 days. Artificial human skin was constructed by seeding human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes in the 3D-printed hydrogels, and a formation of a bilayered skin was visualized with tissue staining. Thus, we envision that 3D-printed hydrogels containing fish-dECM can be an alternative bioink composed of a non-mammal-derived matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoai-Thuong
Duc Bui
- Department
of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon
National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic
of Korea
| | - Wanho Cho
- Department
of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon
National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jae Keun Park
- Department
of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon
National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic
of Korea
| | - Moon Sue Lee
- R&D
center, InnoTherapy Inc., Seoul 07282, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kee Kim
- R&D
center, InnoTherapy Inc., Seoul 07282, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department
of Medical Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon
National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic
of Korea
- Kangwon
Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic
of Korea
- lnstitute
of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon
National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic
of Korea
- lnstitute
of Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic
of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pasquier E, Rosendahl J, Solberg A, Ståhlberg A, Håkansson J, Chinga-Carrasco G. Polysaccharides and Structural Proteins as Components in Three-Dimensional Scaffolds for Breast Cancer Tissue Models: A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:682. [PMID: 37370613 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and even though treatments are available, efficiency varies with the patients. In vitro 2D models are commonly used to develop new treatments. However, 2D models overestimate drug efficiency, which increases the failure rate in later phase III clinical trials. New model systems that allow extensive and efficient drug screening are thus required. Three-dimensional printed hydrogels containing active components for cancer cell growth are interesting candidates for the preparation of next generation cancer cell models. Macromolecules, obtained from marine- and land-based resources, can form biopolymers (polysaccharides such as alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and cellulose) and bioactive components (structural proteins such as collagen, gelatin, and silk fibroin) in hydrogels with adequate physical properties in terms of porosity, rheology, and mechanical strength. Hence, in this study attention is given to biofabrication methods and to the modification with biological macromolecules to become bioactive and, thus, optimize 3D printed structures that better mimic the cancer cell microenvironment. Ink formulations combining polysaccharides for tuning the mechanical properties and bioactive polymers for controlling cell adhesion is key to optimizing the growth of the cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pasquier
- RISE PFI AS, Høgskoleringen 6b, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jennifer Rosendahl
- RISE Unit of Biological Function, Division Materials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 857, 50115 Borås, Sweden
| | - Amalie Solberg
- RISE PFI AS, Høgskoleringen 6b, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Håkansson
- RISE Unit of Biological Function, Division Materials and Production, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 857, 50115 Borås, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sekar MP, Suresh S, Zennifer A, Sethuraman S, Sundaramurthi D. Hyaluronic Acid as Bioink and Hydrogel Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37115515 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting is an additive manufacturing technique that focuses on developing living tissue constructs using bioinks. Bioink is crucial in determining the stability of printed patterns, which remains a major challenge in bioprinting. Thus, the choices of bioink composition, modifications, and cross-linking methods are being continuously researched to augment the clinical translation of bioprinted constructs. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring polysaccharide with the repeating unit of N-acetyl-glucosamine and d-glucuronic acid disaccharides. It is present in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues (skin, cartilage, nerve, muscle, etc.) with a wide range of molecular weights. Due to the nature of its chemical structure, HA could be easily subjected to chemical modifications and cross-linking that would enable better printability and stability. These interesting properties have made HA an ideal choice of bioinks for developing tissue constructs for regenerative medicine applications. In this Review, the physicochemical properties, reaction chemistry involved in various cross-linking strategies, and biomedical applications of HA have been elaborately discussed. Further, the features of HA bioinks, emerging strategies in HA bioink preparations, and their applications in 3D bioprinting have been highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives in the clinical translation of HA-based bioinks are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Parkkavi Sekar
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tamil Nadu - 613 401, India
| | - Shruthy Suresh
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tamil Nadu - 613 401, India
| | - Allen Zennifer
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tamil Nadu - 613 401, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tamil Nadu - 613 401, India
| | - Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tamil Nadu - 613 401, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nedrelow DS, Townsend JM, Detamore MS. The Ogden model for hydrogels in tissue engineering: Modulus determination with compression to failure. J Biomech 2023; 152:111592. [PMID: 37119702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel mechanical properties for tissue engineering are often reported in terms of a compressive elastic modulus derived from a linear regression of a typically non-linear stress-strain plot. There is a need for an alternative model to fit the full strain range of tissue engineering hydrogels. Fortunately, the Ogden model provides a shear modulus, μ0, and a nonlinear parameter, α, for routine analysis of compression to failure. Three example hydrogels were tested: (1) pentenoate-modified hyaluronic acid (PHA), (2) dual-crosslinked PHA and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PHA-PEGDA), and (3) composite PHA-PEGDA hydrogel with cryoground devitalized cartilage (DVC) at 5, 10, and 15%w/v concentration (DVC5, DVC10, and DVC15, respectively). Gene expression analyses suggested that the DVC hydrogels supported chondrogenesis of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to some degree. Both linear regression (5 to 15% strain) and Ogden fits (to failure) were performed. The compressive elastic modulus, E, was over 4-fold higher in the DVC15 group relative to the PHA group (129 kPa). Similarly, the shear modulus, μ0, was over 3-fold higher in the DVC15 group relative to the PHA group (37 kPa). The PHA group exhibited a much higher degree of nonlinearity (α = 10) compared to the DVC15 group (α = 1.4). DVC hydrogels may provide baseline targets of μ0 and α for future cartilage tissue engineering studies. The Ogden model was demonstrated to fit the full strain range with high accuracy (R2 = 0.998 ± 0.001) and to quantify nonlinearity. The current study provides an Ogden model as an attractive alternative to the elastic modulus for tissue engineering constructs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Nedrelow
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Jakob M Townsend
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bercea M. Rheology as a Tool for Fine-Tuning the Properties of Printable Bioinspired Gels. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062766. [PMID: 36985738 PMCID: PMC10058016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, efforts have been oriented toward the development of suitable gels for 3D printing, with controlled morphology and shear-thinning behavior in well-defined conditions. As a multidisciplinary approach to the fabrication of complex biomaterials, 3D bioprinting combines cells and biocompatible materials, which are subsequently printed in specific shapes to generate 3D structures for regenerative medicine or tissue engineering. A major interest is devoted to the printing of biomimetic materials with structural fidelity after their fabrication. Among some requirements imposed for bioinks, such as biocompatibility, nontoxicity, and the possibility to be sterilized, the nondamaging processability represents a critical issue for the stability and functioning of the 3D constructs. The major challenges in the field of printable gels are to mimic at different length scales the structures existing in nature and to reproduce the functions of the biological systems. Thus, a careful investigation of the rheological characteristics allows a fine-tuning of the material properties that are manufactured for targeted applications. The fluid-like or solid-like behavior of materials in conditions similar to those encountered in additive manufacturing can be monitored through the viscoelastic parameters determined in different shear conditions. The network strength, shear-thinning, yield point, and thixotropy govern bioprintability. An assessment of these rheological features provides significant insights for the design and characterization of printable gels. This review focuses on the rheological properties of printable bioinspired gels as a survey of cutting-edge research toward developing printed materials for additive manufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bercea
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41-A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Milazzo M, Fitzpatrick V, Owens CE, Carraretto IM, McKinley GH, Kaplan DL, Buehler MJ. 3D Printability of Silk/Hydroxyapatite Composites for Microprosthetic Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1285-1295. [PMID: 36857509 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Micro-prosthetics requires the fabrication of mechanically robust and personalized components with sub-millimetric feature accuracy. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies have had a major impact on manufacturing such miniaturized devices for biomedical applications; however, biocompatibility requirements greatly constrain the choice of usable materials. Hydroxyapatite (HA) and its composites have been widely employed to fabricate bone-like structures, especially at the macroscale. In this work, we investigate the rheology, printability, and prosthetic mechanical properties of HA and HA-silk protein composites, focusing on the roles of composition and water content. We correlate key linear and nonlinear shear rheological parameters to geometric outcomes of printing and explain how silk compensates for the inherent brittleness of printed HA components. By increasing ink ductility, the inclusion of silk improves the quality of printed items through two mechanisms: (1) reducing underextrusion by lowering the required elastic modulus and, (2) reducing slumping by increasing the ink yield stress proportional to the modulus. We demonstrate that the elastic modulus and compressive strength of parts fabricated from silk-HA inks are higher than those for rheologically comparable pure-HA inks. We construct a printing map to guide the manufacturing of HA-based inks with excellent final properties, especially for use in biomedical applications for which sub-millimetric features are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Milazzo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Massachusetts Avenue 77, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincent Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Crystal E Owens
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Igor M Carraretto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, via Lambruschini 4a, 20156 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Gareth H McKinley
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Massachusetts Avenue 77, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Townsend JM, Kiyotake EA, Easley J, Seim HB, Stewart HL, Fung KM, Detamore MS. Comparison of a Thiolated Demineralized Bone Matrix Hydrogel to a Clinical Product Control for Regeneration of Large Sheep Cranial Defects. MATERIALIA 2023; 27:101690. [PMID: 36743831 PMCID: PMC9897238 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtla.2023.101690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of calvarial bone remains a major challenge in the clinic as available options do not sufficiently regenerate bone in larger defect sizes. Calvarial bone regeneration cases involving secondary medical conditions, such as brain herniation during traumatic brain injury (TBI) treatment, further exacerbate treatment options. Hydrogels are well-positioned for severe TBI treatment, given their innate flexibility and potential for bone regeneration to treat TBI in a single-stage surgery. The current study evaluated a photocrosslinking pentenoate-modified hyaluronic acid polymer with thiolated demineralized bone matrix (i.e., TDBM hydrogel) capable of forming a completely interconnected hydrogel matrix for calvarial bone regeneration. The TDBM hydrogel demonstrated a setting time of 120 s, working time of 3 to 7 days, negligible change in setting temperature, physiological setting pH, and negligible cytotoxicity, illustrating suitable performance for in vivo application. Side-by-side ovine calvarial bone defects (19 mm diameter) were employed to compare the TDBM hydrogel to the standard-of-care control material DBX®. After 16 weeks, the TDBM hydrogel had comparable healing to DBX® as demonstrated by mechanical push-out testing (~800 N) and histology. Although DBX® had 59% greater new bone volume compared to the TDBM hydrogel via micro-computed tomography, both demonstrated minimal bone regeneration overall (15 to 25% of defect volume). The current work presents a method for comparing the regenerative potential of new materials to clinical products using a side-by-side cranial bone defect model. Comparison of novel biomaterials to a clinical product control (i.e., standard-of-care) provides an important baseline for successful regeneration and potential for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emi A. Kiyotake
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| | - Jeremiah Easley
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523
| | - Howard B. Seim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523
| | - Holly L. Stewart
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Michael S. Detamore
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee SH, Kang MS, Jeon S, Jo HJ, Hong SW, Kim B, Han DW. 3D bioprinting of human mesenchymal stem cells-laden hydrogels incorporating MXene for spontaneous osteodifferentiation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14490. [PMID: 36994406 PMCID: PMC10040522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary advances in three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technologies have enabled the fabrication of tailored live 3D tissue mimetics. Furthermore, the development of advanced bioink materials has been highlighted to accurately reproduce the composition of a native extracellular matrix and mimic the intrinsic properties of laden cells. Recent research has shown that MXene is one of promising nanobiomaterials with osteogenic activity for bone grafts and scaffolds due to its unique atomic structure of three titanium layers between two carbon layers. In this study, the MXene-incorporated gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and hyaluronic acid methacryloyl (HAMA) (i.e., GelMA/HAMA-MXene) bioinks were prepared to explore if they have the potential to enable the spontaneous osteodifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) when the hMSCs-laden GelMA/HAMA-MXene bioinks were 3D printed. The physicochemical and rheological characteristics of the GelMA/HAMA-MXene hydrogels were proven to be unprecedentedly favorable supportive matrices suited for the growth and survival of hMSCs. Furthermore, hMSCs were shown to spontaneously differentiate into osteoblasts within GelMA-HAMA/MXene composites to provide favorable microenvironments for osteogenesis. Therefore, our results suggest that the remarkable biofunctional advantages of the MXene-incorporated GelMA/HAMA bioink can be utilized in a wide range of strategies for the development of effective scaffolds in bone tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Hyun Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Sung Kang
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangheon Jeon
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Jo
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Engineering Research Center for Color-Modulated Extra-Sensory Perception Technology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongju Kim
- Dental Life Science Research Institute / Innovation Research & Support Center for Dental Science, Seoul 8 National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- BIO-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Luanda A, Badalamoole V. Past, present and future of biomedical applications of dextran-based hydrogels: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:794-807. [PMID: 36535351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review extensively surveys the biomedical applications of hydrogels containing dextran. Dextran has gained much attention as a biomaterial due to its distinctive properties such as biocompatibility, non-toxicity, water solubility and biodegradability. It has emerged as a critical constituent of hydrogels for biomedical applications including drug delivery devices, tissue engineering scaffolds and biosensor materials. The benefits, challenges and potential prospects of dextran-based hydrogels as biomaterials are highlighted in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amos Luanda
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies & Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199 (DK), Karnataka, India; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 338, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Vishalakshi Badalamoole
- Department of Post-Graduate Studies & Research in Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199 (DK), Karnataka, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu S, Kilian D, Ahlfeld T, Hu Q, Gelinsky M. Egg white improves the biological properties of an alginate-methylcellulose bioink for 3D bioprinting of volumetric bone constructs. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36735961 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acb8dc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional microextrusion bioprinting has attracted great interest for fabrication of hierarchically structured, functional tissue substitutes with spatially defined cell distribution. Despite considerable progress, several significant limitations remain such as a lack of suitable bioinks which combine favorable cell response with high shape fidelity. Therefore, in this work a novel bioink of alginate-methylcellulose (AlgMC) blend functionalized with egg white (EW) was developed with the aim of solving this limitation. In this regard, a stepwise strategy was proposed to improve and examine the cell response in low-viscosity alginate inks (3%, w/v) with different EW concentrations, and in high-viscosity inks after gradual methylcellulose addition for enhancing printability. The rheological properties and printability of these cell-responsive bioinks were characterized to obtain an optimized formulation eliciting balanced physicochemical and biological properties for fabrication of volumetric scaffolds. The bioprinted AlgMC + EW constructs exhibited excellent shape fidelity while encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells showed high post-printing viability as well as adhesion and spreading within the matrix. In a proof-of-concept experiment, the impact of these EW-mediated effects on osteogenesis of bioprinted primary human pre-osteoblasts (hOB) was evaluated. Results confirmed a high viability of hOB (93.7 ± 0.15%) post-fabrication in an EW-supported AlgMC bioink allowing cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. EW even promoted the expression of osteogenic genes, coding for bone sialoprotein (integrin binding sialoprotein/bone sialoprotein precursor (IBSP)) and osteocalcin (BGLAP) on mRNA level. To demonstrate the suitability of the novel ink for future fabrication of multi-zonal bone substitutes, AlgMC + EW was successfully co-printed together with a pasty calcium phosphate bone cement biomaterial ink to achieve a partly mineralized 3D volumetric environment with good cell viability and spreading. Along with the EW-mediated positive effects within bioprinted AlgMC-based scaffolds, this highlighted the promising potential of this novel ink for biofabrication of bone tissue substitutes in clinically relevant dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suihong Liu
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - David Kilian
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tilman Ahlfeld
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Qingxi Hu
- Rapid Manufacturing Engineering Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Engineering Training Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Gelinsky
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kiyotake EA, Thomas EE, Iribagiza C, Detamore MS. High-stiffness, fast-crosslinking, cartilage matrix bioinks. J Biomech 2023; 148:111471. [PMID: 36746081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds derived from cartilage extracellular matrix may contain intrinsic chondroinductivity and have promise for cartilage regeneration. Cartilage is typically ground into devitalized particles (DVC) and several groups have pioneered innovative methods to rebuild the DVC into a new scaffold. However, challenges remain regarding the fluid and solid biomechanics of cartilage-based scaffolds in achieving 1) high mechanical performance akin to native cartilage and 2) easy surgical delivery/retention. Fortunately, photocrosslinking bioinks may benefit clinical translation: paste-like/injectable precursor rheology facilitates surgical placement, and in situ photocrosslinking enables material retention within any size/shape of defect. While solubilized DVC has been modified with methacryloyls (MeSDVC), MeSDVC is limited by slow crosslinking times (e.g., 5-10 min). Therefore, in the current study, we fabricated a pentenoate-modified SDVC (PSDVC), to enable a faster crosslinking reaction via a thiol-ene click chemistry. The crosslinking time of the PSDVC was faster (∼1.7 min) than MeSDVC (∼4 min). We characterized the solid and fluid mechanics/printabilities of PSDVC, pentenoate-modified hyaluronic acid (PHA), and the PHA or PSDVC with added DVC particles. While the addition of DVC particles enhanced the printed shape fidelity of PHA or PSDVC, the increased clogging decreased the ease of printing and cell viability after bioprinting, and future refinement is needed for DVC-containing bioinks. However, the PSDVC alone had a paste-like rheology/good bioprintability prior to crosslinking, the fastest crosslinking time (i.e., 1.7 min), and the highest compressive modulus (i.e., 3.12 ± 0.41 MPa) after crosslinking. Overall, the PSDVC may have future potential as a translational material for cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi A Kiyotake
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Emily E Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
| | - Claudia Iribagiza
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Assad H, Assad A, Kumar A. Recent Developments in 3D Bio-Printing and Its Biomedical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010255. [PMID: 36678884 PMCID: PMC9861443 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The fast-developing field of 3D bio-printing has been extensively used to improve the usability and performance of scaffolds filled with cells. Over the last few decades, a variety of tissues and organs including skin, blood vessels, and hearts, etc., have all been produced in large quantities via 3D bio-printing. These tissues and organs are not only able to serve as building blocks for the ultimate goal of repair and regeneration, but they can also be utilized as in vitro models for pharmacokinetics, drug screening, and other purposes. To further 3D-printing uses in tissue engineering, research on novel, suitable biomaterials with quick cross-linking capabilities is a prerequisite. A wider variety of acceptable 3D-printed materials are still needed, as well as better printing resolution (particularly at the nanoscale range), speed, and biomaterial compatibility. The aim of this study is to provide expertise in the most prevalent and new biomaterials used in 3D bio-printing as well as an introduction to the associated approaches that are frequently considered by researchers. Furthermore, an effort has been made to convey the most pertinent implementations of 3D bio-printing processes, such as tissue regeneration, etc., by providing the most significant research together with a comprehensive list of material selection guidelines, constraints, and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Humira Assad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Punjab 144001, India
| | - Arvina Assad
- Bibi Halima College of Nursing and Medical Technology, Srinagar 190010, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Nalanda College of Engineering, Department of Science and Technology, Government of Bihar, Patna 803108, India
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dou Z, Tang H, Chen K, Li D, Ying Q, Mu Z, An C, Shao F, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Bai H, Zheng G, Zhang L, Chen T, Wang H. Highly elastic and self-healing nanostructured gelatin/clay colloidal gels with osteogenic capacity for minimally invasive and customized bone regeneration. Biofabrication 2023; 15. [PMID: 36595285 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acab36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extrusible biomaterials have recently attracted increasing attention due to the desirable injectability and printability to allow minimally invasive administration and precise construction of tissue mimics. Specifically, self-healing colloidal gels are a novel class of candidate materials as injectables or printable inks considering their fascinating viscoelastic behavior and high degree of freedom on tailoring their compositional and mechanical properties. Herein, we developed a novel class of adaptable and osteogenic composite colloidal gels via electrostatic assembly of gelatin nanoparticles and nanoclay particles. These composite gels exhibited excellent injectability and printability, and remarkable mechanical properties reflected by the maximal elastic modulus reaching ∼150 kPa combined with high self-healing efficiency, outperforming most previously reported self-healing hydrogels. Moreover, the cytocompatibility and the osteogenic capacity of the colloidal gels were demonstrated by inductive culture of MC3T3 cells seeded on the three-dimensional (3D)-printed colloidal scaffolds. Besides, the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the colloidal gels was provedin vivoby subcutaneous implantation of the 3D-printed scaffolds. Furthermore, we investigated the therapeutic capacity of the colloidal gels, either in form of injectable gels or 3D-printed bone substitutes, using rat sinus bone augmentation model or critical-sized cranial defect model. The results confirmed that the composite gels were able to adapt to the local complexity including irregular or customized defect shapes and continuous on-site mechanical stimuli, but also to realize osteointegrity with the surrounding bone tissues and eventually be replaced by newly formed bones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Tang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Dize Li
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiwei Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixiang Mu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanfeng An
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China.,Central Laboratory, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen & The Third Affiliated Hospital (Provisional) of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoliang Bai
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoshuang Zheng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Orthopedic Implant Materials, Dalian 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Liyun Zhang. Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian Eye Hospital, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gregory T, Benhal P, Scutte A, Quashie D, Harrison K, Cargill C, Grandison S, Savitsky MJ, Ramakrishnan S, Ali J. Rheological characterization of cell-laden alginate-gelatin hydrogels for 3D biofabrication. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105474. [PMID: 36191458 PMCID: PMC10226802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biofabrication of tissue models that closely mimic the tumor microenvironment is necessary for high-throughput anticancer therapeutics. Extrusion-based bioprinting of heterogeneous cell-laden hydrogels has shown promise in advancing rapid artificial tissue development. A major bottleneck limiting the rapid production of physiologically relevant tissue models is the current limitation in effectively printing large populations of cells. However, by significantly increasing hydrogel cell-seeding densities, the time required to produce tissues could be effectively reduced. Here, we explore the effects of increasing cell seeding densities on the viscoelastic properties, printability, and cell viability of two different alginate-gelatin hydrogel compositions. Rheological analysis of hydrogels of varying cell seeding densities reveals an inverse relationship between cell concentration and zero-shear viscosity. We also observe that as cell seeding densities increases, the storage moduli decrease, thus lowering the required printing pressures for gel extrusion. We also observe that increasing cell concentration can negatively impact the structural properties of the extruded material by increasing post-print line spreading. We find that hydrogels composed of higher molecular weight alginates and the highest cell-seeding densities (107 cells/mL) yield higher cell viability (>80%) and structural uniformity after printing. The optimized printing parameters determined for the alginate-gelatin bioinks explored may aid in the future rapid fabrication of functional tissue models for therapeutic screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Gregory
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Prateek Benhal
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Annie Scutte
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - David Quashie
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Kiram Harrison
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Casey Cargill
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Saliya Grandison
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Mary Jean Savitsky
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Subramanian Ramakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| | - Jamel Ali
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Laser-assisted bioprinting of microorganisms with hydrogel microdroplets: peculiarities of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota yeast transfer. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:29. [PMID: 36437388 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Laser-assisted bioprinting of microbial cells by hydrogel microdroplets is a rapidly developing and promising field that can contribute to solving a number of issues in microbiology and biotechnology. To date, most research on the use of laser bioprinting for microorganism manipulation and sorting has focused on prokaryotes; the bioprinting of eukaryotic microorganisms is much less understood. The use of hydrogel allows solving two fundamental problems: creating comfortable environments for living microorganisms and imparting the necessary rheological properties of the gel for the stable transfer of microdroplets of a preset size. Two main problems were solved in this article. First, the parameters of the hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid and laser fluence to ensure stable transfer of single drops are selected. Second, possible differences in the bioprinting by hyaluronic acid hydrogel microdroplets with yeasts of various taxonomy (Ascomycota vs Basidiomycota), which form and do not form polysaccharide capsules and evaluated. We have performed laser induced forward transfer of 8 yeast species (Goffeauzyma gilvescens, Lipomyces lipofer, Lipomyces starkey, Pichia manshurica, Saitozyma podzolica, Schwanniomyces occidentalis var. occidentalis, Sterigmatosporidium polymorphum, Vanrija humicola) and assessed its viability based on colony formation on the nutrient medium. It is shown that after laser-induced transfer in hydrogel microdroplets the mean viability rate was 77% with some strains showing relatively high viability rates exceeding 90%. Effect of capsules presence on colony formation after laser bioprinting was not revealed. Differences in laser transfer of the yeast of various phyla were found-basidiomycetes formed a greater number of colonies than ascomycetes. The causes and mechanisms of these effects require detailed studies. The data obtained contributes to the knowledge about the bioprinting of eukaryotic microorganisms and can be useful in the studies of single microbial cells and inter-organism interactions.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hyaluronic Acid in Biomedical Fields: New Trends from Chemistry to Biomaterial Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214372. [PMID: 36430855 PMCID: PMC9695447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to give an updated perspective about the methods for chemical modifications of hyaluronic acid (HA) toward the development of new applications in medical devices and material engineering. After a brief introduction on chemical, structural and biological features of this important natural polysaccharide, the most important methods for chemical and physical modifications are disclosed, discussing both on the formation of new covalent bonds and the interaction with other natural polysaccharides. These strategies are of paramount importance in the production of new medical devices and materials with improved properties. In particular, the use of HA in the development of new materials by means of additive manufacturing techniques as electro fluid dynamics, i.e., electrospinning for micro to nanofibres, and three-dimensional bioprinting is also discussed.
Collapse
|
27
|
3D Bioprinting Technology and Hydrogels Used in the Process. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040214. [PMID: 36412855 PMCID: PMC9680466 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
3D bioprinting has gained visibility in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering due to its applicability. Over time, this technology has been optimized and adapted to ensure a better printability of bioinks and biomaterial inks, contributing to developing structures that mimic human anatomy. Therefore, cross-linked polymeric materials, such as hydrogels, have been highly targeted for the elaboration of bioinks, as they guarantee cell proliferation and adhesion. Thus, this short review offers a brief evolution of the 3D bioprinting technology and elucidates the main hydrogels used in the process.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abbasi Moud A. Advanced cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) aerogels: Bottom-up assembly perspective for production of adsorbents. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1-29. [PMID: 36156339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The most common and abundant polymer in nature is the linear polysaccharide cellulose, but processing it requires a new approach since cellulose degrades before melting and does not dissolve in ordinary organic solvents. Cellulose aerogels are exceptionally porous (>90 %), have a high specific surface area, and have low bulk density (0.0085 mg/cm3), making them suitable for a variety of sophisticated applications including but not limited to adsorbents. The production of materials with different qualities from the nanocellulose based aerogels is possible thanks to the ease with which other chemicals may be included into the structure of nanocellulose based aerogels; despite processing challenges, cellulose can nevertheless be formed into useful, value-added products using a variety of traditional and cutting-edge techniques. To improve the adsorption of these aerogels, rheology, 3-D printing, surface modification, employment of metal organic frameworks, freezing temperature, and freeze casting techniques were all investigated and included. In addition to exploring venues for creation of aerogels, their integration with CNC liquid crystal formation were also explored and examined to pursue "smart adsorbent aerogels". The objective of this endeavour is to provide a concise and in-depth evaluation of recent findings about the conception and understanding of nanocellulose aerogel employing a variety of technologies and examination of intricacies involved in enhancing adsorption properties of these aerogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aref Abbasi Moud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Townsend JM, Sanders ME, Kiyotake EA, Detamore MS. Independent Control of Molecular Weight, Concentration, and Stiffness of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 36044886 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac8e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels have been used for a multitude of applications, perhaps most notably for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, owing to the versatility of the polymer and its tunable nature. Various groups have investigated the impact of hydrogel parameters (e.g., molecular weight, concentration, stiffness, etc.) in vitro and in vivo to achieve desired material performance characteristics. A limitation in the literature to date has been that altering one hydrogel parameter (a 'manipulated variable') to achieve a given hydrogel characteristic (a 'controlled variable') changes two variables at a time (e.g., altering molecular weight and/or concentration to investigate cell response to stiffness). Therefore, if cell responses differ, it may be possible that more than one variable caused the changes in observed responses. In the current study, we leveraged thiol-ene click chemistry with a crosslinker to develop a method that minimizes material performance changes and permitted multiple material properties to be independently held constant to evaluate a single variable at a time. Independent control was accomplished by tuning the concentration of crosslinker to achieve an effectively constant stiffness for different HA hydrogel molecular weights and polymer concentrations. Specific formulations were thereby identified that enabled the molecular weight (76 - 1550 kDa), concentration (2 - 10%), or stiffness (~1 - 350 kPa) to be varied while the other two were held constant, a key technical achievement. The response of rat mesenchymal stem cells to varying molecular weight, concentration, and stiffness demonstrated consistent upregulation of osteocalcin gene expression. The methodology presented to achieve independent control of hydrogel parameters may potentially be adopted by others for alternative hydrogel polymers, cell types, or cell culture medium compositions to minimize confounding variables in experimental hydrogel designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob M Townsend
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 101 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, UNITED STATES
| | - Megan E Sanders
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, 925 North Way 56th Terrace, Gainesville, 32611-7011, UNITED STATES
| | - Emi A Kiyotake
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 101 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, UNITED STATES
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, 101 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, UNITED STATES
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alginate-Lysozyme Nanofibers Hydrogels with Improved Rheological Behavior, Printability and Biological Properties for 3D Bioprinting Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132190. [PMID: 35808026 PMCID: PMC9268501 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, alginate nanocomposite hydrogel bioinks reinforced with lysozyme nanofibers (LNFs) were developed. Alginate-LNF (A-LNF) suspensions with different LNF contents (1, 5 and 10 wt.%) were prepared and pre-crosslinked with 0.5% (w/v) CaCl2 to formulate A-LNF inks. These inks exhibit proper shear-thinning behavior and good recovery properties (~90%), with the pre-crosslinking step playing a crucial role. A-LNF fully crosslinked hydrogels (with 2% (w/v) CaCl2) that mimic 3D printing scaffolds were prepared, and it was observed that the addition of LNFs improved several properties of the hydrogels, such as the morphology, swelling and degradation profiles, and mechanical properties. All formulations are also noncytotoxic towards HaCaT cells. The printing parameters and 3D scaffold model were then optimized, with A-LNF inks showing improved printability. Selected A-LNF inks (A-LNF0 and A-LNF5) were loaded with HaCaT cells (cell density 2 × 106 cells mL−1), and the cell viability within the bioprinted scaffolds was evaluated for 1, 3 and 7 days, with scaffolds printed with the A-LNF5 bioink showing the highest values for 7 days (87.99 ± 1.28%). Hence, A-LNF bioinks exhibited improved rheological performance, printability and biological properties representing a good strategy to overcome the main limitations of alginate-based bioinks.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kiyotake EA, Cheng ME, Thomas EE, Detamore MS. The Rheology and Printability of Cartilage Matrix-Only Biomaterials. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060846. [PMID: 35740971 PMCID: PMC9220845 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential chondroinductivity from cartilage matrix makes it promising for cartilage repair; however, cartilage matrix-based hydrogels developed thus far have failed to match the mechanical performance of native cartilage or be bioprinted without adding polymers for reinforcement. There is a need for cartilage matrix-based hydrogels with robust mechanical performance and paste-like precursor rheology for bioprinting/enhanced surgical placement. In the current study, our goals were to increase hydrogel stiffness and develop the paste-like precursor/printability of our methacryl-modified solubilized and devitalized cartilage (MeSDVC) hydrogels. We compared two methacryloylating reagents, methacrylic anhydride (MA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GM), and varied the molar excess (ME) of MA from 2 to 20. The MA-modified MeSDVCs had greater methacryloylation than GM-modified MeSDVC (20 ME). While GM and most of the MA hydrogel precursors exhibited paste-like rheology, the 2 ME MA and GM MeSDVCs had the best printability (i.e., shape fidelity, filament collapse). After crosslinking, the 2 ME MA MeSDVC had the highest stiffness (1.55 ± 0.23 MPa), approaching the modulus of native cartilage, and supported the viability/adhesion of seeded cells for 15 days. Overall, the MA (2 ME) improved methacryloylation, hydrogel stiffness, and printability, resulting in a stand-alone MeSDVC printable biomaterial. The MeSDVC has potential as a future bioink and has future clinical relevance for cartilage repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi A. Kiyotake
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Michael E. Cheng
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Emily E. Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Michael S. Detamore
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; (E.A.K.); (M.E.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Freeman S, Calabro S, Williams R, Jin S, Ye K. Bioink Formulation and Machine Learning-Empowered Bioprinting Optimization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:913579. [PMID: 35782492 PMCID: PMC9240914 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.913579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting enables the fabrication of complex, heterogeneous tissues through robotically-controlled placement of cells and biomaterials. It has been rapidly developing into a powerful and versatile tool for tissue engineering. Recent advances in bioprinting modalities and biofabrication strategies as well as new materials and chemistries have led to improved mimicry and development of physiologically relevant tissue architectures constituted with multiple cell types and heterogeneous spatial material properties. Machine learning (ML) has been applied to accelerate these processes. It is a new paradigm for bioprinting. In this review, we explore current trends in bioink formulation and how ML has been used to accelerate optimization and enable real-time error detection as well as to reduce the iterative steps necessary for bioink formulation. We examined how rheometric properties, including shear storage, loss moduli, viscosity, shear-thinning property of biomaterials affect the printability of a bioink. Furthermore, we scrutinized the interplays between yield shear stress and the printability of a bioink. Moreover, we systematically surveyed the application of ML in precision in situ surgical site bioprinting, closed-loop AI printing, and post-printing optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Freeman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Stefano Calabro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Roma Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Sha Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
- Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Kaiming Ye
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, United States
- Center of Biomanufacturing for Regenerative Medicine, Binghamton University, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Kaiming Ye,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Akulo KA, Adali T, Moyo MTG, Bodamyali T. Intravitreal Injectable Hydrogels for Sustained Drug Delivery in Glaucoma Treatment and Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122359. [PMID: 35745935 PMCID: PMC9230531 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is extensively treated with topical eye drops containing drugs. However, the retention time of the loaded drugs and the in vivo bioavailability of the drugs are highly influenced before reaching the targeted area sufficiently, due to physiological and anatomical barriers of the eye, such as rapid nasolacrimal drainage. Poor intraocular penetration and frequent administration may also cause ocular cytotoxicity. A novel approach to overcome these drawbacks is the use of injectable hydrogels administered intravitreously for sustained drug delivery to the target site. These injectable hydrogels are used as nanocarriers to intimately interact with specific diseased ocular tissues to increase the therapeutic efficacy and drug bioavailability of the anti-glaucomic drugs. The human eye is very delicate, and is sensitive to contact with any foreign body material. However, natural biopolymers are non-reactive, biocompatible, biodegradable, and lack immunogenic and inflammatory responses to the host whenever they are incorporated in drug delivery systems. These favorable biomaterial properties have made them widely applicable in biomedical applications, with minimal adversity. This review highlights the importance of using natural biopolymer-based intravitreal hydrogel drug delivery systems for glaucoma treatment over conventional methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassahun Alula Akulo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey; (K.A.A.); (M.T.G.M.)
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Center, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey
| | - Terin Adali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey; (K.A.A.); (M.T.G.M.)
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Center, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Sabanci University SUNUM, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| | - Mthabisi Talent George Moyo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey; (K.A.A.); (M.T.G.M.)
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research Center, Near East University, Mersin 10, Lefkoşa 99138, Turkey
| | - Tulin Bodamyali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Girne American University, Mersin 10, Girne 99428, Turkey;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dravid A, Chapman A, Raos B, O'Carroll S, Connor B, Svirskis D. Development of agarose-gelatin bioinks for extrusion-based bioprinting and cell encapsulation. Biomed Mater 2022; 17. [PMID: 35654031 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting continues to advance as an attractive biofabrication technique to employ cell-laden hydrogel scaffolds in the creation of precise, user-defined constructs that can recapitulate the native tissue environment. Development and characterisation of new bioinks to expand the existing library helps to open avenues that can support a diversity of tissue engineering purposes and fulfil requirements in terms of both printability and supporting cell attachment. In this paper, we report the development and characterisation of agarose-gelatin hydrogel blends as a bioink for extrusion-based bioprinting. Four different agarose-gelatin hydrogel blend formulations with varying gelatin concentration were systematically characterised to evaluate suitability as a potential bioink for extrusion-based bioprinting. Additionally, autoclave and filter sterilisation methods were compared to evaluate their effect on bioink properties. Finally, the ability of the agarose-gelatin bioink to support cell viability and culture after printing was evaluated using SH-SY5Y cells encapsulated in bioprinted droplets of the agarose-gelatin. All bioink formulations demonstrate rheological, mechanical and swelling properties suitable for bioprinting and cell encapsulation. Autoclave sterilisation significantly affected the rheological properties of the agarose-gelatin bioinks compared to filter sterilisation. SH-SY5Y cells printed and differentiated into neuronal-like cells using the developed agarose-gelatin bioinks demonstrated high viability (>90%) after 23 days in culture. This study demonstrates the properties of agarose-gelatin as a printable and biocompatible material applicable for use as a bioink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Dravid
- The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, 1142, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Amy Chapman
- The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, 1142, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Brad Raos
- The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, 1142, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Simon O'Carroll
- The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, 1142, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Bronwen Connor
- The University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, 1142, NEW ZEALAND
| | - Darren Svirskis
- The University of Auckland, Grafton Campus, Auckland, 1142, NEW ZEALAND
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Behera S, Priyadarshanee M, Das S. Polyhydroxyalkanoates, the bioplastics of microbial origin: Properties, biochemical synthesis, and their applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133723. [PMID: 35085614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The rising plastic pollution deteriorates the environment significantly as these petroleum-based plastics are not biodegradable, and their production requires natural fuels (energy source) and other resources. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bioplastic and a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic plastics. PHAs can be entirely synthesized using various microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, and fungi. These value-added biopolymers show promising properties such as enhanced biodegradability, biocompatibility, and other chemo-mechanical properties. Further, it has been established that the properties of PHA polymers depend on the substrates and chemical composition (monomer unit) of these polymers. PHAs hold great potential as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers, and further research for economic production and utilization of these biopolymers is required. The review describes the synthesis mechanism and different properties of microbially synthesized PHAs for various applications. The classification of PHAs and the multiple techniques necessary for their detection and evaluation have been discussed. In addition, the synthesis mechanism involving the genetic regulation of these biopolymers in various microbial groups has been described. This review provides information on various commercially available PHAs and their application in multiple sectors. The industrial production of these microbially synthesized polymers and the different extraction methods have been reviewed in detail. Furthermore, the review provides an insight into the potential applications of this biopolymer in environmental, industrial, and biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivananda Behera
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
| | - Monika Priyadarshanee
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology (LEnME), Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769 008, Odisha, India.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu S, Zhang H, Ahlfeld T, Kilian D, Liu Y, Gelinsky M, Hu Q. Evaluation of different crosslinking methods in altering the properties of extrusion-printed chitosan-based multi-material hydrogel composites. Biodes Manuf 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-022-00194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThree-dimensional printing technologies exhibit tremendous potential in the advancing fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to the precise spatial control over depositing the biomaterial. Despite their widespread utilization and numerous advantages, the development of suitable novel biomaterials for extrusion-based 3D printing of scaffolds that support cell attachment, proliferation, and vascularization remains a challenge. Multi-material composite hydrogels present incredible potential in this field. Thus, in this work, a multi-material composite hydrogel with a promising formulation of chitosan/gelatin functionalized with egg white was developed, which provides good printability and shape fidelity. In addition, a series of comparative analyses of different crosslinking agents and processes based on tripolyphosphate (TPP), genipin (GP), and glutaraldehyde (GTA) were investigated and compared to select the ideal crosslinking strategy to enhance the physicochemical and biological properties of the fabricated scaffolds. All of the results indicate that the composite hydrogel and the resulting scaffolds utilizing TPP crosslinking have great potential in tissue engineering, especially for supporting neo-vessel growth into the scaffold and promoting angiogenesis within engineered tissues.
Graphic abstract
Collapse
|
37
|
Nelson C, Tuladhar S, Habib A. Physical Modification of Hybrid Hydrogels to Fabricate Full-Scale Construct Using Three-Dimensional Bio-Printing Process. JOURNAL OF MICRO- AND NANO-MANUFACTURING 2022; 10:011005. [PMID: 36439989 PMCID: PMC9680535 DOI: 10.1115/1.4055230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bioprinting for regenerative medicine has been gaining a lot of popularity in today's world. Despite being one of the rigorously studied fields, there are still several challenges yet to be solved. Geometric fidelity and mechanical complexities stand as roadblocks when it comes to the printability of the customized constructs. Exploring the rheological properties of the compositions helps us understand the physical and mechanical properties of the biomaterials which are closely tied to the printability of the filament and eventually, geometric fidelity of the constructs. To ensure the structural integrity of the constructs, viscosity enhancers such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and crosslinkers like CaCl2 and CaSO4 were used. These crosslinkers can be used before (precrosslinking) and after (postcrosslinking) the extrusion of considered compositions to investigate and compare the outcome. To do this, mixtures of CMC (viscosity enhancer), Alginate, and CaCl2 and CaSO4 (crosslinkers) were prepared at various concentrations maintaining minimum solid content (≤8%). Each composition was subjected to a set of rheological tests like flow curve for shear thinning behavior, three points thixotropic for recovery rate, and amplitude test for gelation point. Various geometric fidelity identification tests were conducted and correlated with their physical properties. Some compositions were used to fabricate large-scale constructs (in cm-scale) to demonstrate their capability. This research is a thorough investigation of compositions when they are introduced to crosslinkers and viscosity enhancers which can be crucial for the 3D printing world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cartwright Nelson
- Sustainable Product Design and Architecture, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435
| | - Slesha Tuladhar
- Sustainable Product Design and Architecture, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435
| | - Ahasan Habib
- Sustainable Product Design and Architecture, Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kamkar M, Janmaleki M, Erfanian E, Sanati‐Nezhad A, Sundararaj U. Covalently cross‐linked hydrogels: Mechanisms of nonlinear viscoelasticity. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Kamkar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Mohsen Janmaleki
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4 Canada
| | - Elnaz Erfanian
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Amir Sanati‐Nezhad
- BioMEMS and Bioinspired Microfluidic Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4 Canada
| | - Uttandaraman Sundararaj
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of Calgary 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary Alberta Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kiyotake EA, Martin MD, Detamore MS. Regenerative rehabilitation with conductive biomaterials for spinal cord injury. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:43-64. [PMID: 33326879 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The individual approaches of regenerative medicine efforts alone and rehabilitation efforts alone have not yet fully restored function after severe spinal cord injury (SCI). Regenerative rehabilitation may be leveraged to promote regeneration of the spinal cord tissue, and promote reorganization of the regenerated neural pathways and intact spinal circuits for better functional recovery for SCI. Conductive biomaterials may be a linchpin that empowers the synergy between regenerative medicine and rehabilitation approaches, as electrical stimulation applied to the spinal cord could facilitate neural reorganization. In this review, we discuss current regenerative medicine approaches in clinical trials and the rehabilitation, or neuromodulation, approaches for SCI, along with their respective translational limitations. Furthermore, we review the translational potential, in a surgical context, of conductive biomaterials (e.g., conductive polymers, carbon-based materials, metallic nanoparticle-based materials) as they pertain to SCI. While pre-formed scaffolds may be difficult to translate to human contusion SCIs, injectable composites that contain blended conductive components and can form within the injury may be more translational. However, given that there are currently no in vivo SCI studies that evaluated conductive materials combined with rehabilitation approaches, we discuss several limitations of conductive biomaterials, including demonstrating safety and efficacy, that will need to be addressed in the future for conductive biomaterials to become SCI therapeutics. Even so, the use of conductive biomaterials creates a synergistic opportunity to merge the fields of regenerative medicine and rehabilitation and redefine what regenerative rehabilitation means for the spinal cord. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: For spinal cord injury (SCI), the individual approaches of regenerative medicine and rehabilitation are insufficient to fully restore functional recovery; however, the goal of regenerative rehabilitation is to combine these two disparate fields to maximize the functional outcomes. Concepts similar to regenerative rehabilitation for SCI have been discussed in several reviews, but for the first time, this review considers how conductive biomaterials may synergize the two approaches. We cover current regenerative medicine and rehabilitation approaches for SCI, and the translational advantages and disadvantages, in a surgical context, of conductive biomaterials used in biomedical applications that may be additionally applied to SCI. Furthermore, we identify the current limitations and translational challenges for conductive biomaterials before they may become therapeutics for SCI.
Collapse
|
40
|
Preparation and Evaluation of Polymer-Based Ultrasound Gel and Its Application in Ultrasonography. Gels 2022; 8:gels8010042. [PMID: 35049577 PMCID: PMC8774352 DOI: 10.3390/gels8010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is a widely used technique in every health care center and hospital. Ultrasound gel is used as a coupling medium in all ultrasound procedures to replace air between the transducer and the patient’s skin, as ultrasound waves have trouble in traveling through air. This research was performed to formulate an inexpensive alternative to commercially available ultrasound gel as it is expensive and imported from other countries. Different formulations with different concentrations of carbopol 980 (CAR 980) and methylparaben were prepared with natural ingredients such as aloe vera gel and certain available chemicals that have no harmful effects on the skin. To justify the efficiency of the formulations; necessary physicochemical characteristics such as visual clarity, homogeneity, transparency, skin irritation, antibacterial activity, pH, stability, spreadability, conductivity, acoustic impedance, viscosity, and cost were evaluated. Moreover, a comparison study was also conducted with commercially available ultrasound gel that was utilized as a control. All samples showed excellent transparency and no microbial growth. S1 was the only formulation that met all of the requirements for commercial ultrasound gel and produced images that were similar to those produced by commercial ultrasound gel. So, this formulation could be used as an alternative to expensive commercial ultrasound gel for taking images in hospitals and medical centers.
Collapse
|
41
|
3D Bio-Printability of Hybrid Pre-Crosslinked Hydrogels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413481. [PMID: 34948280 PMCID: PMC8708105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining shape fidelity of 3D bio-printed scaffolds with soft biomaterials is an ongoing challenge. Here, a rheological investigation focusing on identifying useful physical and mechanical properties directly related to the geometric fidelity of 3D bio-printed scaffolds is presented. To ensure during- and post-printing shape fidelity of the scaffolds, various percentages of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) (viscosity enhancer) and different calcium salts (CaCl2 and CaSO4, physical cross-linkers) were mixed into alginate before extrusion to realize shape fidelity. The overall solid content of Alginate-Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) was limited to 6%. A set of rheological tests, e.g., flow curves, amplitude tests, and three interval thixotropic tests, were performed to identify and compare the shear-thinning capacity, gelation points, and recovery rate of various compositions. The geometrical fidelity of the fabricated scaffolds was defined by printability and collapse tests. The effect of using multiple cross-linkers simultaneously was assessed. Various large-scale scaffolds were fabricated (up to 5.0 cm) using a pre-crosslinked hybrid. Scaffolds were assessed for the ability to support the growth of Escherichia coli using the Most Probable Number technique to quantify bacteria immediately after inoculation and 24 h later. This pre-crosslinking-based rheological property controlling technique can open a new avenue for 3D bio-fabrication of scaffolds, ensuring proper geometry.
Collapse
|
42
|
Barreiro Carpio M, Dabaghi M, Ungureanu J, Kolb MR, Hirota JA, Moran-Mirabal JM. 3D Bioprinting Strategies, Challenges, and Opportunities to Model the Lung Tissue Microenvironment and Its Function. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:773511. [PMID: 34900964 PMCID: PMC8653950 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.773511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human lungs are organs with an intricate hierarchical structure and complex composition; lungs also present heterogeneous mechanical properties that impose dynamic stress on different tissue components during the process of breathing. These physiological characteristics combined create a system that is challenging to model in vitro. Many efforts have been dedicated to develop reliable models that afford a better understanding of the structure of the lung and to study cell dynamics, disease evolution, and drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in the lung. This review presents methodologies used to develop lung tissue models, highlighting their advantages and current limitations, focusing on 3D bioprinting as a promising set of technologies that can address current challenges. 3D bioprinting can be used to create 3D structures that are key to bridging the gap between current cell culture methods and living tissues. Thus, 3D bioprinting can produce lung tissue biomimetics that can be used to develop in vitro models and could eventually produce functional tissue for transplantation. Yet, printing functional synthetic tissues that recreate lung structure and function is still beyond the current capabilities of 3D bioprinting technology. Here, the current state of 3D bioprinting is described with a focus on key strategies that can be used to exploit the potential that this technology has to offer. Despite today's limitations, results show that 3D bioprinting has unexplored potential that may be accessible by optimizing bioink composition and looking at the printing process through a holistic and creative lens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Barreiro Carpio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohammadhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Ungureanu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin R. Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy A. Hirota
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jose Manuel Moran-Mirabal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hauptstein J, Forster L, Nadernezhad A, Horder H, Stahlhut P, Groll J, Blunk T, Teßmar J. Bioink Platform Utilizing Dual-Stage Crosslinking of Hyaluronic Acid Tailored for Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Macromol Biosci 2021; 22:e2100331. [PMID: 34779129 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting often involves application of highly concentrated polymeric bioinks to enable fabrication of stable cell-hydrogel constructs, although poor cell survival, compromised stem cell differentiation, and an inhomogeneous distribution of newly produced extracellular matrix (ECM) are frequently observed. Therefore, this study presents a bioink platform using a new versatile dual-stage crosslinking approach based on thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH), which not only provides stand-alone 3D printability but also facilitates effective chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells. A range of HA-SH with different molecular weights is synthesized and crosslinked with acrylated (PEG-diacryl) and allylated (PEG-diallyl) polyethylene glycol in a two-step reaction scheme. The initial Michael addition is used to achieve ink printability, followed by UV-mediated thiol-ene reaction to stabilize the printed bioink for long-term cell culture. Bioinks with high molecular weight HA-SH (>200 kDa) require comparably low polymer content to facilitate bioprinting. This leads to superior quality of cartilaginous constructs which possess a coherent ECM and a strongly increased stiffness of long-term cultured constructs. The dual-stage system may serve as an example to design platforms using two independent crosslinking reactions at one functional group, which allows adjusting printability as well as material and biological properties of bioinks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hauptstein
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Leonard Forster
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ali Nadernezhad
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hannes Horder
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Stahlhut
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Blunk
- Department of Trauma, Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Teßmar
- Chair for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Würzburg, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rastin H, Mansouri N, Tung TT, Hassan K, Mazinani A, Ramezanpour M, Yap PL, Yu L, Vreugde S, Losic D. Converging 2D Nanomaterials and 3D Bioprinting Technology: State-of-the-Art, Challenges, and Potential Outlook in Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2101439. [PMID: 34468088 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of next-generation of bioinks aims to fabricate anatomical size 3D scaffold with high printability and biocompatibility. Along with the progress in 3D bioprinting, 2D nanomaterials (2D NMs) prove to be emerging frontiers in the development of advanced materials owing to their extraordinary properties. Harnessing the properties of 2D NMs in 3D bioprinting technologies can revolutionize the development of bioinks by endowing new functionalities to the current bioinks. First the main contributions of 2D NMS in 3D bioprinting technologies are categorized here into six main classes: 1) reinforcement effect, 2) delivery of bioactive molecules, 3) improved electrical conductivity, 4) enhanced tissue formation, 5) photothermal effect, 6) and stronger antibacterial properties. Next, the recent advances in the use of each certain 2D NMs (1) graphene, 2) nanosilicate, 3) black phosphorus, 4) MXene, 5) transition metal dichalcogenides, 6) hexagonal boron nitride, and 7) metal-organic frameworks) in 3D bioprinting technology are critically summarized and evaluated thoroughly. Third, the role of physicochemical properties of 2D NMSs on their cytotoxicity is uncovered, with several representative examples of each studied 2D NMs. Finally, current challenges, opportunities, and outlook for the development of nanocomposite bioinks are discussed thoroughly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rastin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Negar Mansouri
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Tran Thanh Tung
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Kamrul Hassan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Arash Mazinani
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Mahnaz Ramezanpour
- Department of Surgery‐Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The University of Adelaide Woodville South 5011 Australia
| | - Pei Lay Yap
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Le Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| | - Sarah Vreugde
- Department of Surgery‐Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery The University of Adelaide Woodville South 5011 Australia
| | - Dusan Losic
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Graphene Enabled Industry Transformation The University of Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
McGivern S, Boutouil H, Al-Kharusi G, Little S, Dunne NJ, Levingstone TJ. Translational Application of 3D Bioprinting for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:144. [PMID: 34677217 PMCID: PMC8533558 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage is an avascular tissue with extremely limited self-regeneration capabilities. At present, there are no existing treatments that effectively stop the deterioration of cartilage or reverse its effects; current treatments merely relieve its symptoms and surgical intervention is required when the condition aggravates. Thus, cartilage damage remains an ongoing challenge in orthopaedics with an urgent need for improved treatment options. In recent years, major advances have been made in the development of three-dimensional (3D) bioprinted constructs for cartilage repair applications. 3D bioprinting is an evolutionary additive manufacturing technique that enables the precisely controlled deposition of a combination of biomaterials, cells, and bioactive molecules, collectively known as bioink, layer-by-layer to produce constructs that simulate the structure and function of native cartilage tissue. This review provides an insight into the current developments in 3D bioprinting for cartilage tissue engineering. The bioink and construct properties required for successful application in cartilage repair applications are highlighted. Furthermore, the potential for translation of 3D bioprinted constructs to the clinic is discussed. Overall, 3D bioprinting demonstrates great potential as a novel technique for the fabrication of tissue engineered constructs for cartilage regeneration, with distinct advantages over conventional techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie McGivern
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (S.M.); (H.B.); (G.A.-K.); (N.J.D.)
| | - Halima Boutouil
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (S.M.); (H.B.); (G.A.-K.); (N.J.D.)
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ghayadah Al-Kharusi
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (S.M.); (H.B.); (G.A.-K.); (N.J.D.)
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Little
- Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Nicholas J. Dunne
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (S.M.); (H.B.); (G.A.-K.); (N.J.D.)
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Tanya J. Levingstone
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland; (S.M.); (H.B.); (G.A.-K.); (N.J.D.)
- Centre for Medical Engineering Research (MEDeng), Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, D09 NA55 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE), Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kiyotake EA, Thomas EE, Homburg HB, Milton CK, Smitherman AD, Donahue ND, Fung KM, Wilhelm S, Martin MD, Detamore MS. Conductive and injectable hyaluronic acid/gelatin/gold nanorod hydrogels for enhanced surgical translation and bioprinting. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:365-382. [PMID: 34390325 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence indicating the need to combine the rehabilitation and regenerative medicine fields to maximize functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI), but there are limited methods to synergistically combine the fields. Conductive biomaterials may enable synergistic combination of biomaterials with electric stimulation (ES), which may enable direct ES of neurons to enhance axon regeneration and reorganization for better functional recovery; however, there are three major challenges in developing conductive biomaterials: (1) low conductivity of conductive composites, (2) many conductive components are cytotoxic, and (3) many conductive biomaterials are pre-formed scaffolds and are not injectable. Pre-formed, noninjectable scaffolds may hinder clinical translation in a surgical context for the most common contusion-type of SCI. Alternatively, an injectable biomaterial, inspired by lessons from bioinks in the bioprinting field, may be more translational for contusion SCIs. Therefore, in the current study, a conductive hydrogel was developed by incorporating high aspect ratio citrate-gold nanorods (GNRs) into a hyaluronic acid and gelatin hydrogel. To fabricate nontoxic citrate-GNRs, a robust synthesis for high aspect ratio GNRs was combined with an indirect ligand exchange to exchange a cytotoxic surfactant for nontoxic citrate. For enhanced surgical placement, the hydrogel precursor solution (i.e., before crosslinking) was paste-like, injectable/bioprintable, and fast-crosslinking (i.e., 4 min). Finally, the crosslinked hydrogel supported the adhesion/viability of seeded rat neural stem cells in vitro. The current study developed and characterized a GNR conductive hydrogel/bioink that provided a refinable and translational platform for future synergistic combination with ES to improve functional recovery after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emi A Kiyotake
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Emily E Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hannah B Homburg
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Camille K Milton
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Adam D Smitherman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nathan D Donahue
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Stefan Wilhelm
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael D Martin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael S Detamore
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Fibrin-Based Bioprinted Constructs Containing Drug-Releasing Microspheres for Neural Tissue Engineering Applications. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9071205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting can fabricate precisely controlled 3D tissue constructs. This process uses bioinks—specially tailored materials that support the survival of incorporated cells—to produce tissue constructs. The properties of bioinks, such as stiffness and porosity, should mimic those found in desired tissues to support specialized cell types. Previous studies by our group validated soft substrates for neuronal cultures using neural cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). It is important to confirm that these bioprinted tissues possess mechanical properties similar to native neural tissues. Here, we assessed the physical and mechanical properties of bioprinted constructs generated from our novel microsphere containing bioink. We measured the elastic moduli of bioprinted constructs with and without microspheres using a modified Hertz model. The storage and loss modulus, viscosity, and shear rates were also measured. Physical properties such as microstructure, porosity, swelling, and biodegradability were also analyzed. Our results showed that the elastic modulus of constructs with microspheres was 1032 ± 59.7 Pascal (Pa), and without microspheres was 728 ± 47.6 Pa. Mechanical strength and printability were significantly enhanced with the addition of microspheres. Thus, incorporating microspheres provides mechanical reinforcement, which indicates their suitability for future applications in neural tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
48
|
Tavares-Negrete JA, Aceves-Colin AE, Rivera-Flores DC, Díaz-Armas GG, Mertgen AS, Trinidad-Calderón PA, Olmos-Cordero JM, Gómez-López EG, Pérez-Carrillo E, Escobedo-Avellaneda ZJ, Tamayol A, Alvarez MM, Trujillo-de Santiago G. Three-Dimensional Printing Using a Maize Protein: Zein-Based Inks in Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3964-3979. [PMID: 34197076 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing for biomedical applications has expanded exponentially in recent years. However, the current portfolio of 3D printable inks is still limited. For instance, only few protein matrices have been explored as printing/bioprinting materials. Here, we introduce the use of zein, the primary constitutive protein in maize seeds, as a 3D printable material. Zein-based inks were prepared by dissolving commercial zein powder in ethanol with or without polyethylene glycol (PEG400) as a plasticizer. The rheological characteristics of our materials, studied during 21 days of aging/maturation, showed an increase in the apparent viscosity as a function of time in all formulations. The addition of PEG400 decreased the apparent viscosity. Inks with and without PEG400 and at different maturation times were tested for printability in a BioX bioprinter. We optimized the 3D printing parameters for each ink formulation in terms of extrusion pressure and linear printing velocity. Higher fidelity structures were obtained with inks that had maturation times of 10 to 14 days. We present different proof-of-concept experiments to demonstrate the versatility of the engineered zein inks for diverse biomedical applications. These include printing of complex and/or free-standing 3D structures, tablets for controlled drug release, and scaffolds for cell culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Alfonso Tavares-Negrete
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alberto Emanuel Aceves-Colin
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Delia Cristal Rivera-Flores
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Ciencias, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gladys Guadalupe Díaz-Armas
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Anne-Sophie Mertgen
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Plinio Alejandro Trinidad-Calderón
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Jorge Miguel Olmos-Cordero
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Elda Graciela Gómez-López
- Departamento de Ciencias, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Esther Pérez-Carrillo
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Zamantha Judith Escobedo-Avellaneda
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Bioingeniería, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Eléctrica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo León, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Vieira de Souza T, Malmonge SM, Santos AR. Development of a chitosan and hyaluronic acid hydrogel with potential for bioprinting utilization: A preliminary study. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:358-371. [PMID: 34102923 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211024164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioprinting is a technique that has been applied in the areas of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). Natural polymer-based hydrogels are known for their favorable biocompatible properties, as well as attractive biomaterials for cell encapsulation. These hydrogels provide an aqueous three-dimensional environment with biologically relevant chemical and physical signals, mimicking the natural environment of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Chitosan (CHI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been widely researched for biomedical applications. Bioinks are "ink" formulations, usually hydrogels, that allow the printing of living cells. This work proposes the development of a low cost and simple chitosan CHI-AH hydrogel with potential to become a bioink. At physiological temperature, the biomaterials form a hydrogel. The material developed was characterized by the analysis of morphology, cytotoxicity, and cell viability. FTIR showed the characteristic vibrational bands of chitosan and HA. No difference in swelling was observed between the different formulations studied, although SEM showed architectural differences between the hydrogels obtained. Extract cytotoxicity testing showed that the hydrogel is not cytotoxic. The direct toxicity test also revealed the absence of toxicity, but the cells had difficulty migrating into the gel, probably because of its density. These data were confirmed by SEM. Further testing are ongoing to better understand the gel's characteristics to improve the limitations found so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Vieira de Souza
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria Malmonge
- Center for Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences (CECS), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo R Santos
- Center for Natural Sciences and Humanities (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
|