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Rehan IF, Elnagar A, Zigo F, Sayed-Ahmed A, Yamada S. Biomimetic strategies for the deputization of proteoglycan functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1391769. [PMID: 39170918 PMCID: PMC11337302 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1391769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs), which have glycosaminoglycan chains attached to their protein cores, are essential for maintaining the morphology and function of healthy body tissues. Extracellular PGs perform various functions, classified into the following four categories: i) the modulation of tissue mechanical properties; ii) the regulation and protection of the extracellular matrix; iii) protein sequestration; and iv) the regulation of cell signaling. The depletion of PGs may significantly impair tissue function, encompassing compromised mechanical characteristics and unregulated inflammatory responses. Since PGs play critical roles in the function of healthy tissues and their synthesis is complex, the development of PG mimetic molecules that recapitulate PG functions for tissue engineering and therapeutic applications has attracted the interest of researchers for more than 20 years. These approaches have ranged from semisynthetic graft copolymers to recombinant PG domains produced by cells that have undergone genetic modifications. This review discusses some essential extracellular PG functions and approaches to mimicking these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim F. Rehan
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Alkom, Egypt
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Asmaa Elnagar
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - František Zigo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ahmed Sayed-Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Alkom, Egypt
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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2
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Mahajan A, Zaidi ZS, Shukla A, Saxena R, Katti DS. Functionally graded hydrogels with opposing biochemical cues for osteochondral tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2024; 16:035020. [PMID: 38697073 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue (OC) repair remains a significant challenge in the field of musculoskeletal tissue engineering. OC tissue displays a gradient structure characterized by variations in both cell types and extracellular matrix components, from cartilage to the subchondral bone. These functional gradients observed in the native tissue have been replicated to engineer OC tissuein vitro. While diverse fabrication methods have been employed to create these microenvironments, emulating the natural gradients and effective regeneration of the tissue continues to present a significant challenge. In this study, we present the design and development of CMC-silk interpenetrating (IPN) hydrogel with opposing dual biochemical gradients similar to native tissue with the aim to regenerate the complete OC unit. The gradients of biochemical cues were generated using an in-house-built extrusion system. Firstly, we fabricated a hydrogel that exhibits a smooth transition of sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose (sCMC) and TGF-β1 (SCT gradient hydrogel) from the upper to the lower region of the IPN hydrogel to regenerate the cartilage layer. Secondly, a hydrogel with a hydroxyapatite (HAp) gradient (HAp gradient hydrogel) from the lower to the upper region was fabricated to facilitate the regeneration of the subchondral bone layer. Subsequently, we developed a dual biochemical gradient hydrogel with a smooth transition of sCMC + TGF-β1 and HAp gradients in opposing directions, along with a blend of both biochemical cues in the middle. The results showed that the dual biochemical gradient hydrogels with biochemical cues corresponding to the three zones (i.e. cartilage, interface and bone) of the OC tissue led to differentiation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to zone-specific lineages, thereby demonstrating their efficacy in directing the fate of progenitor cells. In summary, our study provided a simple and innovative method for incorporating gradients of biochemical cues into hydrogels. The gradients of biochemical cues spatially guided the differentiation of stem cells and facilitated tissue growth, which would eventually lead to the regeneration of the entire OC tissue with a smooth transition from cartilage (soft) to bone (hard) tissues. This promising approach is translatable and has the potential to generate numerous biochemical and biophysical gradients for regeneration of other interface tissues, such as tendon-to-muscle and ligament-to-bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Mahajan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zahra Sifat Zaidi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakshita Saxena
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhirendra S Katti
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
- The Mehta Family Centre for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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3
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Khan OM, Gasperini W, Necessary C, Jacobs Z, Perry S, Rexroat J, Nelson K, Gamble P, Clements T, DeLeon M, Howard S, Zavala A, Farach-Carson M, Blaber E, Wu D, Satici A, Uzer G. Development and Characterization of a low intensity vibrational system for microgravity studies. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.20.567870. [PMID: 38045225 PMCID: PMC10690179 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The advent of extended-duration human spaceflight demands a better comprehension of the physiological impacts of microgravity. One primary concern is the adverse impact on the musculoskeletal system, including muscle atrophy and bone density reduction. Ground-based microgravity simulations have provided insights, with vibrational bioreactors emerging as potential mitigators of these negative effects. Despite the potential they have, the adaptation of vibrational bioreactors for space remains unfulfilled, resulting in a significant gap in microgravity research. This paper introduces the first automated low-intensity vibrational (LIV) bioreactor designed specifically for the International Space Station (ISS) environment. Our research covers the bioreactor's design and characterization, the selection of an optimal linear guide for consistent 1-axis acceleration, a thorough analysis of its thermal and diffusion dynamics, and the pioneering use of BioMed Clear resin for enhanced scaffold design. This advancement sets the stage for more authentic space-based biological studies, vital for ensuring the safety of future space explorations.
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4
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Awad D, Cao PHA, Pulliam TL, Spradlin M, Subramani E, Tellman TV, Ribeiro CF, Muzzioli R, Jewell BE, Pakula H, Ackroyd JJ, Murray MM, Han JJ, Leng M, Jain A, Piyarathna B, Liu J, Song X, Zhang J, Klekers AR, Drake JM, Ittmann MM, Coarfa C, Piwnica-Worms D, Farach-Carson MC, Loda M, Eberlin LS, Frigo DE. Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Is a Therapeutic Target in Advanced Prostate Cancer That Promotes Metabolic Plasticity. Cancer Res 2024; 84:703-724. [PMID: 38038968 PMCID: PMC10939928 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a central role in prostate cancer. To date, the major focus has centered on de novo lipogenesis and lipid uptake in prostate cancer, but inhibitors of these processes have not benefited patients. A better understanding of how cancer cells access lipids once they are created or taken up and stored could uncover more effective strategies to perturb lipid metabolism and treat patients. Here, we identified that expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), an enzyme that controls lipid droplet homeostasis and a previously suspected tumor suppressor, correlates with worse overall survival in men with advanced, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Molecular, genetic, or pharmacologic inhibition of ATGL impaired human and murine prostate cancer growth in vivo and in cell culture or organoids under conditions mimicking the tumor microenvironment. Mass spectrometry imaging demonstrated that ATGL profoundly regulates lipid metabolism in vivo, remodeling membrane composition. ATGL inhibition induced metabolic plasticity, causing a glycolytic shift that could be exploited therapeutically by cotargeting both metabolic pathways. Patient-derived phosphoproteomics identified ATGL serine 404 as a target of CAMKK2-AMPK signaling in CRPC cells. Mutation of serine 404 did not alter the lipolytic activity of ATGL but did decrease CRPC growth, migration, and invasion, indicating that noncanonical ATGL activity also contributes to disease progression. Unbiased immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry suggested that mutation of serine 404 not only disrupts existing ATGL protein interactions but also leads to new protein-protein interactions. Together, these data nominate ATGL as a therapeutic target for CRPC and provide insights for future drug development and combination therapies. SIGNIFICANCE ATGL promotes prostate cancer metabolic plasticity and progression through both lipase-dependent and lipase-independent activity, informing strategies to target ATGL and lipid metabolism for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Awad
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pham Hong Anh Cao
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L. Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meredith Spradlin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elavarasan Subramani
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tristen V. Tellman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline F. Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Riccardo Muzzioli
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brittany E. Jewell
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hubert Pakula
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Ackroyd
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mollianne M. Murray
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jenny J. Han
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mei Leng
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antrix Jain
- Mass Spectrometry Proteomics Core, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Badrajee Piyarathna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Albert R. Klekers
- Department of Abdominal Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Justin M. Drake
- Departments of Pharmacology and Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, MN, USA
| | - Michael M. Ittmann
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Livia S. Eberlin
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel E. Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Wang Y, Jiang X, Li X, Ding K, Liu X, Huang B, Ding J, Qu K, Sun W, Xue Z, Xu W. Bionic ordered structured hydrogels: structure types, design strategies, optimization mechanism of mechanical properties and applications. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4033-4058. [PMID: 37522298 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00326d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural organisms, such as lobsters, lotus, and humans, exhibit exceptional mechanical properties due to their ordered structures. However, traditional hydrogels have limitations in their mechanical and physical properties due to their disordered molecular structures when compared with natural organisms. Therefore, inspired by nature and the properties of hydrogels similar to those of biological soft tissues, researchers are increasingly focusing on how to investigate bionic ordered structured hydrogels and render them as bioengineering soft materials with unique mechanical properties. In this paper, we systematically introduce the various structure types, design strategies, and optimization mechanisms used to enhance the strength, toughness, and anti-fatigue properties of bionic ordered structured hydrogels in recent years. We further review the potential applications of bionic ordered structured hydrogels in various fields, including sensors, bioremediation materials, actuators, and impact-resistant materials. Finally, we summarize the challenges and future development prospects of bionic ordered structured hydrogels in preparation and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Xusheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Kexin Ding
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Xianrui Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Junjie Ding
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Keyu Qu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Wenzhi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Zhongxin Xue
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Wenlong Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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6
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Wishart TFL, Lovicu FJ. Spatiotemporal Localisation of Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans throughout Mouse Lens Morphogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:1364. [PMID: 37408198 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) consist of a core protein decorated with sulphated HS-glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. These negatively charged HS-GAG chains rely on the activity of PAPSS synthesising enzymes for their sulfation, which allows them to bind to and regulate the activity of many positively charged HS-binding proteins. HSPGs are found on the surfaces of cells and in the pericellular matrix, where they interact with various components of the cell microenvironment, including growth factors. By binding to and regulating ocular morphogens and growth factors, HSPGs are positioned to orchestrate growth factor-mediated signalling events that are essential for lens epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and lens fibre differentiation. Previous studies have shown that HS sulfation is essential for lens development. Moreover, each of the full-time HSPGs, differentiated by thirteen different core proteins, are differentially localised in a cell-type specific manner with regional differences in the postnatal rat lens. Here, the same thirteen HSPG-associated GAGs and core proteins as well as PAPSS2, are shown to be differentially regulated throughout murine lens development in a spatiotemporal manner. These findings suggest that HS-GAG sulfation is essential for growth factor-induced cellular processes during embryogenesis, and the unique and divergent localisation of different lens HSPG core proteins indicates that different HSPGs likely play specialized roles during lens induction and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler F L Wishart
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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7
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Niu X, Li N, Du Z, Li X. Integrated gradient tissue-engineered osteochondral scaffolds: Challenges, current efforts and future perspectives. Bioact Mater 2023; 20:574-597. [PMID: 35846846 PMCID: PMC9254262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The osteochondral defect repair has been most extensively studied due to the rising demand for new therapies to diseases such as osteoarthritis. Tissue engineering has been proposed as a promising strategy to meet the demand of simultaneous regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone by constructing integrated gradient tissue-engineered osteochondral scaffold (IGTEOS). This review brought forward the main challenges of establishing a satisfactory IGTEOS from the perspectives of the complexity of physiology and microenvironment of osteochondral tissue, and the limitations of obtaining the desired and required scaffold. Then, we comprehensively discussed and summarized the current tissue-engineered efforts to resolve the above challenges, including architecture strategies, fabrication techniques and in vitro/in vivo evaluation methods of the IGTEOS. Especially, we highlighted the advantages and limitations of various fabrication techniques of IGTEOS, and common cases of IGTEOS application. Finally, based on the above challenges and current research progress, we analyzed in details the future perspectives of tissue-engineered osteochondral construct, so as to achieve the perfect reconstruction of the cartilaginous and osseous layers of osteochondral tissue simultaneously. This comprehensive and instructive review could provide deep insights into our current understanding of IGTEOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Niu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding, 072350, China
| | - Zhipo Du
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Central Hospital of Baoding City, Baoding, 072350, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
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8
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Zhou Z, Cui J, Wu S, Geng Z, Su J. Silk fibroin-based biomaterials for cartilage/osteochondral repair. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5103-5124. [PMID: 35836802 PMCID: PMC9274741 DOI: 10.7150/thno.74548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease with a high disability rate. In addition, OA not only causes great physiological and psychological harm to patients, but also puts great pressure on the social healthcare system. Pathologically, the disintegration of cartilage and the lesions of subchondral bone are related to OA. Currently, tissue engineering, which is expected to overcome the defects of existing treatment methods, had a lot of research in the field of cartilage/osteochondral repair. Silk fibroin (SF), as a natural macromolecular material with good biocompatibility, unique mechanical properties, excellent processability and degradability, holds great potential in the field of tissue engineering. Nowadays, SF had been prepared into various materials to adapt to the demands of cartilage/osteochondral repair. SF-based biomaterials can also be functionally modified to enhance repair performance further. In this review, the preparation methods, types, structures, mechanical properties, and functional modifications of SF-based biomaterials used for cartilage/osteochondral repair are summarized and discussed. We hope that this review will provide a reference for the design and development of SF-based biomaterials in cartilage/osteochondral repair field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China,School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jin Cui
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Department of Orthopedics Trauma, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shunli Wu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China,School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Zhen Geng, ; Jiacan Su,
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,Musculoskeletal Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Zhen Geng, ; Jiacan Su,
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9
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Hajiabbas M, D'Agostino C, Simińska-Stanny J, Tran SD, Shavandi A, Delporte C. Bioengineering in salivary gland regeneration. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:35. [PMID: 35668440 PMCID: PMC9172163 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland (SG) dysfunction impairs the life quality of many patients, such as patients with radiation therapy for head and neck cancer and patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Multiple SG engineering strategies have been considered for SG regeneration, repair, or whole organ replacement. An in-depth understanding of the development and differentiation of epithelial stem and progenitor cells niche during SG branching morphogenesis and signaling pathways involved in cell–cell communication constitute a prerequisite to the development of suitable bioengineering solutions. This review summarizes the essential bioengineering features to be considered to fabricate an engineered functional SG model using various cell types, biomaterials, active agents, and matrix fabrication methods. Furthermore, recent innovative and promising approaches to engineering SG models are described. Finally, this review discusses the different challenges and future perspectives in SG bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hajiabbas
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia D'Agostino
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julia Simińska-Stanny
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, 50-373, Wroclaw, Poland.,3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon D Tran
- McGill Craniofacial Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Laboratory, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Amin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, Blg G/E CP 611, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium.
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10
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Hayes AJ, Farrugia BL, Biose IJ, Bix GJ, Melrose J. Perlecan, A Multi-Functional, Cell-Instructive, Matrix-Stabilizing Proteoglycan With Roles in Tissue Development Has Relevance to Connective Tissue Repair and Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:856261. [PMID: 35433700 PMCID: PMC9010944 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.856261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the multifunctional properties of perlecan (HSPG2) and its potential roles in repair biology. Perlecan is ubiquitous, occurring in vascular, cartilaginous, adipose, lymphoreticular, bone and bone marrow stroma and in neural tissues. Perlecan has roles in angiogenesis, tissue development and extracellular matrix stabilization in mature weight bearing and tensional tissues. Perlecan contributes to mechanosensory properties in cartilage through pericellular interactions with fibrillin-1, type IV, V, VI and XI collagen and elastin. Perlecan domain I - FGF, PDGF, VEGF and BMP interactions promote embryonic cellular proliferation, differentiation, and tissue development. Perlecan domain II, an LDLR-like domain interacts with lipids, Wnt and Hedgehog morphogens. Perlecan domain III binds FGF-7 and 18 and has roles in the secretion of perlecan. Perlecan domain IV, an immunoglobulin repeat domain, has cell attachment and matrix stabilizing properties. Perlecan domain V promotes tissue repair through interactions with VEGF, VEGF-R2 and α2β1 integrin. Perlecan domain-V LG1-LG2 and LG3 fragments antagonize these interactions. Perlecan domain V promotes reconstitution of the blood brain barrier damaged by ischemic stroke and is neurogenic and neuroprotective. Perlecan-VEGF-VEGFR2, perlecan-FGF-2 and perlecan-PDGF interactions promote angiogenesis and wound healing. Perlecan domain I, III and V interactions with platelet factor-4 and megakaryocyte and platelet inhibitory receptor promote adhesion of cells to implants and scaffolds in vascular repair. Perlecan localizes acetylcholinesterase in the neuromuscular junction and is of functional significance in neuromuscular control. Perlecan mutation leads to Schwartz-Jampel Syndrome, functional impairment of the biomechanical properties of the intervertebral disc, variable levels of chondroplasia and myotonia. A greater understanding of the functional working of the neuromuscular junction may be insightful in therapeutic approaches in the treatment of neuromuscular disorders. Tissue engineering of salivary glands has been undertaken using bioactive peptides (TWSKV) derived from perlecan domain IV. Perlecan TWSKV peptide induces differentiation of salivary gland cells into self-assembling acini-like structures that express salivary gland biomarkers and secrete α-amylase. Perlecan also promotes chondroprogenitor stem cell maturation and development of pluripotent migratory stem cell lineages, which participate in diarthrodial joint formation, and early cartilage development. Recent studies have also shown that perlecan is prominently expressed during repair of adult human articular cartilage. Perlecan also has roles in endochondral ossification and bone development. Perlecan domain I hydrogels been used in tissue engineering to establish heparin binding growth factor gradients that promote cell migration and cartilage repair. Perlecan domain I collagen I fibril scaffolds have also been used as an FGF-2 delivery system for tissue repair. With the availability of recombinant perlecan domains, the development of other tissue repair strategies should emerge in the near future. Perlecan co-localization with vascular elastin in the intima, acts as a blood shear-flow endothelial sensor that regulates blood volume and pressure and has a similar role to perlecan in canalicular fluid, regulating bone development and remodeling. This complements perlecan's roles in growth plate cartilage and in endochondral ossification to form the appendicular and axial skeleton. Perlecan is thus a ubiquitous, multifunctional, and pleomorphic molecule of considerable biological importance. A greater understanding of its diverse biological roles and functional repertoires during tissue development, growth and disease will yield valuable insights into how this impressive proteoglycan could be utilized successfully in repair biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Brooke L. Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ifechukwude J. Biose
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Gregory J. Bix
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonard’s, NSW, Australia
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11
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Nguyen M, Panitch A. Proteoglycans and proteoglycan mimetics for tissue engineering. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C754-C761. [PMID: 35235426 PMCID: PMC8993519 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00442.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans play a crucial role in proper tissue morphology and function throughout the body that is defined by a combination of their core protein and the attached glycosaminoglycan chains. Although they serve a myriad of roles, the functions of extracellular proteoglycans can be generally sorted into four categories: modulation of tissue mechanical properties, regulation and protection of the extracellular matrix, sequestering of proteins, and regulation of cell signaling. The loss of proteoglycans can result in significant tissue disfunction, ranging from poor mechanical properties to uncontrolled inflammation. Because of the key roles they play in proper tissue function and due to their complex synthesis, the past two decades have seen significant research into the development of proteoglycan mimetic molecules to recapitulate the function of proteoglycans for therapeutic and tissue engineering applications. These strategies have ranged from semisynthetic graft copolymers to recombinant proteoglycan domains synthesized by genetically engineered cells. In this review, we highlight some of the important functions of extracellular proteoglycans, as well as the strategies developed to recapitulate these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Surgery, UC Davis Health, University of California, Sacramento, CA, United States
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12
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Trubelja A, Kasper FK, Farach-Carson MC, Harrington DA. Bringing hydrogel-based craniofacial therapies to the clinic. Acta Biomater 2022; 138:1-20. [PMID: 34743044 PMCID: PMC9234983 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the evolution of the use of hydrogels for craniofacial soft tissue engineering, ranging in complexity from acellular injectable fillers to fabricated, cell-laden constructs with complex compositions and architectures. Addressing both in situ and ex vivo approaches, tissue restoration secondary to trauma or tumor resection is discussed. Beginning with relatively simple epithelia of oral mucosa and gingiva, then moving to more functional units like vocal cords or soft tissues with multilayer branched structures, such as salivary glands, various approaches are presented toward the design of function-driven architectures, inspired by native tissue organization. Multiple tissue replacement paradigms are presented here, including the application of hydrogels as structural materials and as delivery platforms for cells and/or therapeutics. A practical hierarchy is proposed for hydrogel systems in craniofacial applications, based on their material and cellular complexity, spatial order, and biological cargo(s). This hierarchy reflects the regulatory complexity dictated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States prior to commercialization of these systems for use in humans. The wide array of available biofabrication methods, ranging from simple syringe extrusion of a biomaterial to light-based spatial patterning for complex architectures, is considered within the history of FDA-approved commercial therapies. Lastly, the review assesses the impact of these regulatory pathways on the translational potential of promising pre-clinical technologies for craniofacial applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: While many commercially available hydrogel-based products are in use for the craniofacial region, most are simple formulations that either are applied topically or injected into tissue for aesthetic purposes. The academic literature previews many exciting applications that harness the versatility of hydrogels for craniofacial soft tissue engineering. One of the most exciting developments in the field is the emergence of advanced biofabrication methods to design complex hydrogel systems that can promote the functional or structural repair of tissues. To date, no clinically available hydrogel-based therapy takes full advantage of current pre-clinical advances. This review surveys the increasing complexity of the current landscape of available clinical therapies and presents a framework for future expanded use of hydrogels with an eye toward translatability and U.S. regulatory approval for craniofacial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen Trubelja
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - F Kurtis Kasper
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States; Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, UTHealth Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States; Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States.
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13
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Wishart TFL, Lovicu FJ. An Atlas of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Postnatal Rat Lens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:5. [PMID: 34730792 PMCID: PMC8572486 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The arrangement of lens cells is regulated by ocular growth factors. Although the effects of these inductive molecules on lens cell behavior (proliferation, survival, and fiber differentiation) are well-characterized, the precise mechanisms underlying the regulation of growth factor-mediated signaling in lens remains elusive. Increasing evidence highlights the importance of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) for the signaling regulation of growth factors; however, the identity of the different lens HSPGs and the specific roles they play in lens biology are still unknown. Methods Semiquantitative real-time (RT)‐PCR and immunolabeling were used to characterize the spatial distribution of all known HSPG core proteins and their associated glycosaminoglycans (heparan and chondroitin sulfate) in the postnatal rat lens. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2-treated lens epithelial explants, cultured in the presence of Surfen (an inhibitor of heparan sulfate [HS]-growth factor binding interactions) were used to investigate the requirement for HS in FGF-2-induced proliferation, fiber differentiation, and ERK1/2-signaling. Results The lens expresses all HSPGs. These HSPGs are differentially localized to distinct functional regions of the lens. In vitro, inhibition of HS-sulfation with Surfen blocked FGF-2-mediated ERK1/2-signaling associated with lens epithelial cell proliferation and fiber differentiation, highlighting that these cellular processes are dependent on HS. Conclusions These findings support a requirement for HSPGs in FGF-2 driven lens cell proliferation and fiber differentiation. The identification of specific HSPG core proteins in key functional lens regions, and the divergent expression patterns of closely related HSPGs, suggests that different HSPGs may differentially regulate growth factor signaling networks leading to specific biological events involved in lens growth and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler F L Wishart
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Wu D, Lombaert IMA, DeLeon M, Pradhan-Bhatt S, Witt RL, Harrington DA, Trombetta MG, Passineau MJ, Farach-Carson MC. Immunosuppressed Miniswine as a Model for Testing Cell Therapy Success: Experience With Implants of Human Salivary Stem/Progenitor Cell Constructs. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:711602. [PMID: 34660692 PMCID: PMC8516353 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.711602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An urgent need exists to develop large animal models for preclinical testing of new cell therapies designed to replace lost or damaged tissues. Patients receiving irradiation for treatment of head and neck cancers frequently develop xerostomia/dry mouth, a condition that could one day be treated by cell therapy to repopulate functional saliva-producing cells. Using immunosuppression protocols developed for patients receiving whole face transplants, we successfully used immunosuppressed miniswine as a suitable host animal to evaluate the long-term stability, biocompatibility, and fate of matrix-modified hyaluronate (HA) hydrogel/bioscaffold materials containing encapsulated salivary human stem/progenitor cells (hS/PCs). An initial biocompatibility test was conducted in parotids of untreated miniswine. Subsequent experiments using hS/PC-laden hydrogels were performed in animals, beginning an immunosuppression regimen on the day of surgery. Implant sites included the kidney capsule for viability testing and the parotid gland for biointegration time periods up to eight weeks. No transplant rejection was seen in any animal assessed by analysis of the tissues near the site of the implants. First-generation implants containing only cells in hydrogel proved difficult to handle in the surgical suite and were modified to adhere to a porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) membrane for improved handling and could be delivered through the da Vinci surgical system. Several different surgical techniques were assessed using the second-generation 3D-salivary tissue (3D-ST) for ease and stability both on the kidney capsule and in the capsule-less parotid gland. For the kidney, sliding the implant under the capsule membrane and quick stitching proved superior to other methods. For the parotid gland, creation of a tissue “pocket” for placement and immediate multilayer tissue closure were well tolerated with minimal tissue damage. Surgical clips were placed as fiduciary markers for tissue harvest. Some implant experiments were conducted with miniswine 90 days post-irradiation when salivation decreased significantly. Sufficient parotid tissue remained to allow implant placement, and animals tolerated immunosuppression. In all experiments, viability of implanted hS/PCs was high with clear signs of both vascular and nervous system integration in the parotid implants. We thus conclude that the immunosuppressed miniswine is a high-value emerging model for testing human implants prior to first-in-human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Isabelle M A Lombaert
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Maximilien DeLeon
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Swati Pradhan-Bhatt
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Robert L Witt
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Daniel Anton Harrington
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mark G Trombetta
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael J Passineau
- Gene Therapy Program, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
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15
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Seims KB, Hunt NK, Chow LW. Strategies to Control or Mimic Growth Factor Activity for Bone, Cartilage, and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:861-878. [PMID: 33856777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors play a critical role in tissue repair and regeneration. However, their clinical success is limited by their low stability, short half-life, and rapid diffusion from the delivery site. Supraphysiological growth factor concentrations are often required to demonstrate efficacy but can lead to adverse reactions, such as inflammatory complications and increased cancer risk. These issues have motivated the development of delivery systems that enable sustained release and controlled presentation of growth factors. This review specifically focuses on bioconjugation strategies to enhance growth factor activity for bone, cartilage, and osteochondral applications. We describe approaches to localize growth factors using noncovalent and covalent methods, bind growth factors via peptides, and mimic growth factor function with mimetic peptide sequences. We also discuss emerging and future directions to control spatiotemporal growth factor delivery to improve functional tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly B Seims
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Natasha K Hunt
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Lesley W Chow
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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16
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Zhang L, Fu L, Zhang X, Chen L, Cai Q, Yang X. Hierarchical and heterogeneous hydrogel system as a promising strategy for diversified interfacial tissue regeneration. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1547-1573. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01595d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A state-of-the-art review on the design and preparation of hierarchical and heterogeneous hydrogel systems for interfacial tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
| | - Lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Sports Medicine
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing 100191
- P. R. China
| | - Linxin Chen
- Peking University Third Hospital
- Beijing 100191
- P. R. China
| | - Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- P.R. China
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17
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Barrows CM, Wu D, Farach-Carson MC, Young S. Building a Functional Salivary Gland for Cell-Based Therapy: More than Secretory Epithelial Acini. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1332-1348. [PMID: 32829674 PMCID: PMC7759264 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A few treatment options exist for patients experiencing xerostomia due to hyposalivation that occurs as a result of disease or injury to the gland. An opportunity for a permanent solution lies in the field of salivary gland replacement through tissue engineering. Recent success emboldens in the vision of producing a tissue-engineered salivary gland composed of differentiated salivary epithelial cells that are able to differentiate to form functional units that produce and deliver saliva to the oral cavity. This vision is augmented by advances in understanding cellular mechanisms that guide branching morphogenesis and salivary epithelial cell polarization in both acinar and ductal structures. Growth factors and other guidance cues introduced into engineered constructs help to develop a more complex glandular structure that seeks to mimic native salivary gland tissue. This review describes the separate epithelial phenotypes that make up the gland, and it describes their relationship with the other cell types such as nerve and vasculature that surround them. The review is organized around the links between the native components that form and contribute to various aspects of salivary gland development, structure, and function and how this information can drive the design of functional tissue-engineered constructs. In addition, we discuss the attributes of various biomaterials commonly used to drive function and form in engineered constructs. The review also contains a current description of the state-of-the-art of the field, including successes and challenges in creating materials for preclinical testing in animal models. The ability to integrate biomolecular cues in combination with a range of materials opens the door to the design of increasingly complex salivary gland structures that, once accomplished, can lead to breakthroughs in other fields of tissue engineering of epithelial-based exocrine glands or oral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlynn M.L. Barrows
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Danielle Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary C. Farach-Carson
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biosciences and Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Simon Young
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas, USA
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18
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Lowen JM, Leach JK. Functionally graded biomaterials for use as model systems and replacement tissues. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909089. [PMID: 33456431 PMCID: PMC7810245 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of native tissues requires complex materials to provide suitable substitutes for model systems and replacement tissues. Functionally graded materials have the potential to address this challenge by mimicking the gradients in heterogeneous tissues such as porosity, mineralization, and fiber alignment to influence strength, ductility, and cell signaling. Advancements in microfluidics, electrospinning, and 3D printing enable the creation of increasingly complex gradient materials that further our understanding of physiological gradients. The combination of these methods enables rapid prototyping of constructs with high spatial resolution. However, successful translation of these gradients requires both spatial and temporal presentation of cues to model the complexity of native tissues that few materials have demonstrated. This review highlights recent strategies to engineer functionally graded materials for the modeling and repair of heterogeneous tissues, together with a description of how cells interact with various gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Lowen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
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19
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Clegg J, Koch MK, Thompson EW, Haupt LM, Kalita-de Croft P, Bray LJ. Three-Dimensional Models as a New Frontier for Studying the Role of Proteoglycans in the Normal and Malignant Breast Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:569454. [PMID: 33163489 PMCID: PMC7581852 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.569454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides cues to direct mammogenesis, tumourigenesis and metastatic processes. Over the past several decades, two-dimensional (2D) culture models have been invaluable in furthering our understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME), however, they still do not accurately emulate the associated biological complexities. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D) culture models provide a more physiologically relevant platform to study relevant physicochemical signals, stromal-epithelial cell interactions, vascular and immune components, and cell-ECM interactions in the human breast microenvironment. A common thread that may weave these multiple interactions are the proteoglycans (PGs), a prominent family of molecules in breast tissue. This review will discuss how these PGs contribute to the breast cancer TME and provide a summary of the traditional and emerging technologies that have been utilized to better understand the role of PGs during malignant transformation. Furthermore, this review will emphasize the differences that PGs exhibit between normal tissues and tumor ECM, providing a rationale for the investigation of underexplored roles of PGs in breast cancer progression using state-of-the-art 3D culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Clegg
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Maria K Koch
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Genomics and Personalized Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - Priyakshi Kalita-de Croft
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura J Bray
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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20
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Proteoglycans in the Pathogenesis of Hormone-Dependent Cancers: Mediators and Effectors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092401. [PMID: 32847060 PMCID: PMC7563227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone-dependent cancers exhibit high morbidity and mortality. In spite of advances in therapy, the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers remains an unmet health need. The tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits unique characteristics that differ among various tumor types. It is composed of cancerous, non-cancerous, stromal, and immune cells that are surrounded and supported by components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, the interactions among cancer cells, stromal cells, and components of the ECM determine cancer progression and response to therapy. Proteoglycans (PGs), hybrid molecules consisting of a protein core to which sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains are bound, are significant components of the ECM that are implicated in all phases of tumorigenesis. These molecules, secreted by both the stroma and cancer cells, are crucial signaling mediators that modulate the vital cellular pathways implicated in gene expression, phenotypic versatility, and response to therapy in specific tumor types. A plethora of deregulated signaling pathways contributes to the growth, dissemination, and angiogenesis of hormone-dependent cancers. Specific inputs from the endocrine and immune systems are some of the characteristics of hormone-dependent cancer pathogenesis. Importantly, the mechanisms involved in various aspects of cancer progression are executed in the ECM niche of the TME, and the PG components crucially mediate these processes. Here, we comprehensively discuss the mechanisms through which PGs affect the multifaceted aspects of hormone-dependent cancer development and progression, including cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, immunobiology, autophagy, and response to therapy.
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21
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Li C, Ouyang L, Armstrong JPK, Stevens MM. Advances in the Fabrication of Biomaterials for Gradient Tissue Engineering. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:150-164. [PMID: 32650955 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Natural tissues and organs exhibit an array of spatial gradients, from the polarized neural tube during embryonic development to the osteochondral interface present at articulating joints. The strong structure-function relationships in these heterogeneous tissues have sparked intensive research into the development of methods that can replicate physiological gradients in engineered tissues. In this Review, we consider different gradients present in natural tissues and discuss their critical importance in functional tissue engineering. Using this basis, we consolidate the existing fabrication methods into four categories: additive manufacturing, component redistribution, controlled phase changes, and postmodification. We have illustrated this with recent examples, highlighted prominent trends in the field, and outlined a set of criteria and perspectives for gradient fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunching Li
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Liliang Ouyang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James P K Armstrong
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Xu G, Ding Z, Lu Q, Zhang X, Zhou X, Xiao L, Lu G, Kaplan DL. Electric field-driven building blocks for introducing multiple gradients to hydrogels. Protein Cell 2020; 11:267-285. [PMID: 32048173 PMCID: PMC7093350 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00692-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gradient biomaterials are considered as preferable matrices for tissue engineering due to better simulation of native tissues. The introduction of gradient cues usually needs special equipment and complex process but is only effective to limited biomaterials. Incorporation of multiple gradients in the hydrogels remains challenges. Here, beta-sheet rich silk nanofibers (BSNF) were used as building blocks to introduce multiple gradients into different hydrogel systems through the joint action of crosslinking and electric field. The blocks migrated to the anode along the electric field and gradually stagnated due to the solution-hydrogel transition of the systems, finally achieving gradient distribution of the blocks in the formed hydrogels. The gradient distribution of the blocks could be tuned easily through changing different factors such as solution viscosity, which resulted in highly tunable gradient of mechanical cues. The blocks were also aligned under the electric field, endowing orientation gradient simultaneously. Different cargos could be loaded on the blocks and form gradient cues through the same crosslinking-electric field strategy. The building blocks could be introduced to various hydrogels such as Gelatin and NIPAM, indicating the universality. Complex niches with multiple gradient cues could be achieved through the strategy. Silk-based hydrogels with suitable mechanical gradients were fabricated to control the osteogenesis and chondrogenesis. Chondrogenic-osteogenic gradient transition was obtained, which stimulated the ectopic osteochondral tissue regeneration in vivo. The versatility and highly controllability of the strategy as well as multifunction of the building blocks reveal the applicability in complex tissue engineering and various interfacial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, 222061, China
| | - Zhaozhao Ding
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214041, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214041, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaozhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
| | - Liying Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guozhong Lu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Wound Repair Technology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214041, China.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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