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Satarzadeh N, Shakibaie M, Forootanfar H, Amirheidari B. Purification, Characterization, and Assessment of Anticancer Activity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Novel Thermophilic Bacillus tequilensis ASFS1. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2400153. [PMID: 38922993 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202400153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), are a fascinating group of nanoparticles that have been considerably investigated for biomedical applications because of their superparamagnetic properties, biodegradable nature, and biocompatibility. A novel Gram-positive moderately thermophilic bacterial strain, namely Bacillus tequilensis ASFS.1, was isolated and identified. This strain is capable of producing superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and exhibiting magnetotaxis behavior. This strain swimming behavior was investigated under static and dynamic environments, where it behaved very much similar to the magnetotaxis in magnetotactic bacteria. This study is the first report of a bacterium from the Bacillaceae family that has the potential to intracellular biosynthesis of IONPs. MNPs were separated by a magnetic and reproducible method which was designed for the first time for this study. In addition, UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction, and thermal gravimetric analysis were utilized to characterize the bio-fabricated magnetite nanoparticles. Analysis of the particle size distribution pattern of the biogenic MNPs by FESEM imaging revealed the size range of 10-100 nm with the size range of 10-40 nm MNPs being the most frequent particles. VSM analysis demonstrated that biogenic MNPs displayed superparamagnetic properties with a high saturation magnetization value of 184 emu/g. After 24 h treatment of 3T3, U87, A549, MCF-7, and HT-29 cell lines with the biogenic MNPs, IC50 values were measured to be 339, 641, 582, 149, and 184 μg mL-1, respectively. This study presents the novel strain ASFS.1 capable of magnetotaxis by the aid of its magnetite nanoparticles and paving information on isolation, characterization, and in vitro cytotoxicity of its MNPs. The MNPs showed promising potential for biomedical applications, obviously subject to additional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Satarzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shakibaie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Forootanfar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Cosmetic Products Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Bagher Amirheidari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Extremophile and Productive Microorganisms Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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2
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Kumar V, Kaushik NK, Tiwari SK, Singh D, Singh B. Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles: Sources and multifarious biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127017. [PMID: 37742902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles is a highly fascinating research area and has gained importance due to reliable, sustainable and ecofriendly protocol for synthesizing nanoparticles, along with the easy availability of plant materials and their pharmacological significance. As an alternate to physical and chemical synthesis, the biological materials, like microorganisms and plants are considered to be less costly and environment-friendly. Iron nanoparticles with diverse morphology and size have been synthesized using biological extracts. Microbial (bacteria, fungi, algae etc.) and plant extracts have been employed in green synthesis of iron nanoparticles due to the presence of various metabolites and biomolecules. Physical and biochemical properties of biologically synthesized iron nanoparticles are superior to that are synthesized using physical and chemical agents. Iron nanoparticles have magnetic property with thermal and electrical conductivity. Iron nanoparticles below a certain size (generally 10-20 nm), can exhibit a unique form of magnetism called superparamagnetism. They are non-toxic and highly dispersible with targeted delivery, which are suitable for efficient drug delivery to the target. Green synthesized iron nanoparticles have been explored for multifarious biotechnological applications. These iron nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial and anticancerous properties. Iron nanoparticles adversely affect the cell viability, division and metabolic activity. Iron nanoparticles have been used in the purification and immobilization of various enzymes/proteins. Iron nanoparticles have shown potential in bioremediation of various organic and inorganic pollutants. This review describes various biological sources used in the green synthesis of iron nanoparticles and their potential applications in biotechnology, diagnostics and mitigation of environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar Kaushik
- Amity Institute of Virology and Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
| | - S K Tiwari
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Davender Singh
- Department of Physics, RPS Degree College, Balana, Satnali Road, Mahendragarh 123029, Haryana, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India; Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India.
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3
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Zúñiga-Miranda J, Guerra J, Mueller A, Mayorga-Ramos A, Carrera-Pacheco SE, Barba-Ostria C, Heredia-Moya J, Guamán LP. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Their Antimicrobial Activity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2919. [PMID: 37999273 PMCID: PMC10674528 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance caused by inappropriate use of these agents in various settings has become a global health threat. Nanotechnology offers the potential for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) with antimicrobial activity, such as iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). The use of IONPs is a promising way to overcome antimicrobial resistance or pathogenicity because of their ability to interact with several biological molecules and to inhibit microbial growth. In this review, we outline the pivotal findings over the past decade concerning methods for the green synthesis of IONPs using bacteria, fungi, plants, and organic waste. Subsequently, we delve into the primary challenges encountered in green synthesis utilizing diverse organisms and organic materials. Furthermore, we compile the most common methods employed for the characterization of these IONPs. To conclude, we highlight the applications of these IONPs as promising antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, and antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Zúñiga-Miranda
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador; (J.Z.-M.); (A.M.-R.); (S.E.C.-P.); (J.H.-M.)
| | - Julio Guerra
- Facultad de Ingeniería en Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra 100107, Ecuador;
| | - Alexander Mueller
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;
| | - Arianna Mayorga-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador; (J.Z.-M.); (A.M.-R.); (S.E.C.-P.); (J.H.-M.)
| | - Saskya E. Carrera-Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador; (J.Z.-M.); (A.M.-R.); (S.E.C.-P.); (J.H.-M.)
| | - Carlos Barba-Ostria
- Escuela de Medicina, Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud Quito, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador;
- Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Jorge Heredia-Moya
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador; (J.Z.-M.); (A.M.-R.); (S.E.C.-P.); (J.H.-M.)
| | - Linda P. Guamán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CENBIO), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador; (J.Z.-M.); (A.M.-R.); (S.E.C.-P.); (J.H.-M.)
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Spiridonov V, Zoirova Z, Alyokhina Y, Perov N, Afanasov M, Pozdyshev D, Krjukova D, Knotko A, Muronetz V, Yaroslavov A. Magnetically Controlled Hyaluronic Acid-Maghemite Nanocomposites with Embedded Doxorubicin. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3644. [PMID: 37688267 PMCID: PMC10489843 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The controllable delivery of drugs is a key task of pharmacology. For this purpose, a series of polymer composites was synthesized via the cross-linking of hyaluronate and a hyaluronate/polyacrylate mixture with Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The cross-linking imparts magnetic properties to the composites, which are more pronounced for the ternary hyaluronate/polyacrylate/γ-Fe2O3 composites compared with the binary hyaluronate/Fe2O3 composites. When dispersed in water, the composites produce microsized hydrogel particles. Circulation of the ternary microgels in an aqueous solution at a speed of 1.84 cm/s can be stopped using a permanent external magnet with a magnetic flux density of 400 T. The composite hydrogels can absorb the antitumor antibiotic doxorubicin (Dox); the resulting constructs show their cytotoxicity to tumor cells to be comparable to the cytotoxicity of Dox itself. The addition of the hyaluronidase enzyme induces degradation of the binary and ternary microgels down to smaller particles. This study presents prospectives for the preparation of magnetically controlled biodegradable polymer carriers for the encapsulation of bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Spiridonov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Zukhra Zoirova
- Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya Alyokhina
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolai Perov
- Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Afanasov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Pozdyshev
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 1-40, 119992 Moscow, Russia (V.M.)
| | - Daria Krjukova
- Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Knotko
- Faculty of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Muronetz
- Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskye gory 1-40, 119992 Moscow, Russia (V.M.)
| | - Alexander Yaroslavov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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5
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Qi J, Zhao H, Ning M, Wang K, Yuan Y, Yue T. Strategy for Avoiding Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius Contamination of Apple Juice by Adding Magnetosomes/Antibacterial Peptide Composites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12819-12828. [PMID: 37596994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The survival of Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius (A. acidocaldarius) in fruit juice after pasteurization results in high economic losses due to unpalatability. The present work addressed this issue by inhibiting the growth of A. acidocaldarius in apple juice by the addition of MN@IDR-1018 composites formed of innate defense regulator 1018 (IDR-1018) antibacterial peptides that are coupled on the surfaces of magnetosomes (MN) via amidation reactions. MN@IDR-1018 was demonstrated to provide excellent antibacterial activity against A. acidoterrestris with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 100 μg mL-1, which led to cell death via membrane dissolution and rupture. In addition, this concentration of MN@IDR-1018 was proved to present low toxicity in mice and had no discernible effect on the color, flavor, and aroma of apple juice. This enables the active material to be extracted from the apple juice by the application of a magnetic field, thereby avoiding the development of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Qi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hongfan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mengge Ning
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yahong Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tianli Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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6
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Abstract
The biology of a cell, whether it is a unicellular organism or part of a multicellular network, is influenced by cell type, temporal changes in cell state, and the cell's environment. Spatial cues play a critical role in the regulation of microbial pathogenesis strategies. Information about where the pathogen is-in a tissue or in proximity to a host cell-regulates gene expression and the compartmentalization of gene products in the microbe and the host. Our understanding of host and pathogen identity has bloomed with the accessibility of transcriptomics and proteomics techniques. A missing piece of the puzzle has been our ability to evaluate global transcript and protein expression in the context of the subcellular niche, primary cell, or native tissue environment during infection. This barrier is now lower with the advent of new spatial omics techniques to understand how location regulates cellular functions. This review will discuss how recent advances in spatial proteomics and transcriptomics approaches can address outstanding questions in microbial pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lempke
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology at the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Dana May
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology at the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah E. Ewald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology at the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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7
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Schwan J, Markert S, Rosenfeldt S, Schüler D, Mickoleit F, Schenk AS. Comparing the Colloidal Stabilities of Commercial and Biogenic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles That Have Potential In Vitro/In Vivo Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:4895. [PMID: 37446557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For the potential in vitro/in vivo applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, their stability in different physiological fluids has to be ensured. This important prerequisite includes the preservation of the particles' stability during the envisaged application and, consequently, their invariance with respect to the transfer from storage conditions to cell culture media or even bodily fluids. Here, we investigate the colloidal stabilities of commercial nanoparticles with different coatings as a model system for biogenic iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetosomes) isolated from magnetotactic bacteria. We demonstrate that the stability can be evaluated and quantified by determining the intensity-weighted average of the particle sizes (Z-value) obtained from dynamic light scattering experiments as a simple quality criterion, which can also be used as an indicator for protein corona formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Schwan
- Physical Chemistry IV, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Simon Markert
- Department Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabine Rosenfeldt
- Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Department Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Frank Mickoleit
- Department Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anna S Schenk
- Physical Chemistry IV, University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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8
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Mickoleit F, Jörke C, Richter R, Rosenfeldt S, Markert S, Rehberg I, Schenk AS, Bäumchen O, Schüler D, Clement JH. Long-Term Stability, Biocompatibility, and Magnetization of Suspensions of Isolated Bacterial Magnetosomes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206244. [PMID: 36799182 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetosomes are magnetic nanoparticles biosynthesized by magnetotactic bacteria. Due to a genetically strictly controlled biomineralization process, the ensuing magnetosomes have been envisioned as agents for biomedical and clinical applications. In the present work, different stability parameters of magnetosomes isolated from Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense upon storage in suspension (HEPES buffer, 4 °C, nitrogen atmosphere) for one year in the absence of antibiotics are examined. The magnetic potency, measured by the saturation magnetization of the particle suspension, drops to one-third of its starting value within this year-about ten times slower than at ambient air and room temperature. The particle size distribution, the integrity of the surrounding magnetosome membrane, the colloidal stability, and the biocompatibility turn out to be not severely affected by long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mickoleit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Cornelia Jörke
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Richter
- Experimental Physics V, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabine Rosenfeldt
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Simon Markert
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ingo Rehberg
- Experimental Physics V, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anna S Schenk
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- Physical Chemistry IV, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oliver Bäumchen
- Experimental Physics V, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Joachim H Clement
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, D-07747, Jena, Germany
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Large-Scale Cultivation of Magnetotactic Bacteria and the Optimism for Sustainable and Cheap Approaches in Nanotechnology. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020060. [PMID: 36827100 PMCID: PMC9961000 DOI: 10.3390/md21020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), a diverse group of marine and freshwater microorganisms, have attracted the scientific community's attention since their discovery. These bacteria biomineralize ferrimagnetic nanocrystals, the magnetosomes, or biological magnetic nanoparticles (BMNs), in a single or multiple chain(s) within the cell. As a result, cells experience an optimized magnetic dipolar moment responsible for a passive alignment along the lines of the geomagnetic field. Advances in MTB cultivation and BMN isolation have contributed to the expansion of the biotechnological potential of MTB in recent decades. Several studies with mass-cultured MTB expanded the possibilities of using purified nanocrystals and whole cells in nano- and biotechnology. Freshwater MTB were primarily investigated in scaling up processes for the production of BMNs. However, marine MTB have the potential to overcome freshwater species applications due to the putative high efficiency of their BMNs in capturing molecules. Regarding the use of MTB or BMNs in different approaches, the application of BMNs in biomedicine remains the focus of most studies, but their application is not restricted to this field. In recent years, environment monitoring and recovery, engineering applications, wastewater treatment, and industrial processes have benefited from MTB-based biotechnologies. This review explores the advances in MTB large-scale cultivation and the consequent development of innovative tools or processes.
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Cho S, Shon MJ, Son B, Eun GS, Yoon TY, Park TH. Tension exerted on cells by magnetic nanoparticles regulates differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213028. [PMID: 35882121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cells can 'sense' physical cues in the surrounding microenvironment and 'react' by changing their function. Previous studies have focused on regulating the physical properties of the matrix, such as stiffness and topography, thus changing the tension 'felt' by the cell as a result. In this study, by directly applying a quantified magnetic force to the cell, a correlation between differentiation and tension was shown. The magnetic force, quantified by magnetic tweezers, was applied by incorporating magnetotactic bacteria-isolated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in human mesenchymal stem cells. As the applied tension increased, the expression levels of osteogenic differentiation marker genes and proteins were proportionally upregulated. Additionally, the translocation of YAP and RUNX2, deformation of nucleus, and activation of the MAPK signaling pathway were observed in tension-based osteogenic differentiation. Our findings provide a platform for the quantitative control of tension, a key factor in stem cell differentiation, between cells and the matrix using MNPs. Furthermore, these findings improve the understanding of osteogenic differentiation by mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Shon
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Son
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gee Sung Eun
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Yoon
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Haruki M, Itaoka T, Takatsu Y. Effect of magnetic field treatment on effective thermal conductivity for polyimide‐based composite sheet using magnetite‐decorated hexagonal boron nitride. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Haruki
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan
| | - Takuro Itaoka
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan
| | - Yota Takatsu
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Science and Engineering Kanazawa University Kanazawa Japan
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12
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Mittmann E, Mickoleit F, Maier DS, Stäbler SY, Klein MA, Niemeyer CM, Rabe KS, Schüler D. A Magnetosome-Based Platform for Flow Biocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22138-22150. [PMID: 35508355 PMCID: PMC9121345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis in flow reactor systems is of increasing importance for the transformation of the chemical industry. However, the necessary immobilization of biocatalysts remains a challenge. We here demonstrate that biogenic magnetic nanoparticles, so-called magnetosomes, represent an attractive alternative for the development of nanoscale particle formulations to enable high and stable conversion rates in biocatalytic flow processes. In addition to their intriguing material characteristics, such as high crystallinity, stable magnetic moments, and narrow particle size distribution, magnetosomes offer the unbeatable advantage over chemically synthesized nanoparticles that foreign protein "cargo" can be immobilized on the enveloping membrane via genetic engineering and thus, stably presented on the particle surface. To exploit these advantages, we develop a modular connector system in which abundant magnetosome membrane anchors are genetically fused with SpyCatcher coupling groups, allowing efficient covalent coupling with complementary SpyTag-functionalized proteins. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated by immobilizing a dimeric phenolic acid decarboxylase to SpyCatcher magnetosomes. The functionalized magnetosomes outperform similarly functionalized commercial particles by exhibiting stable substrate conversion during a 60 h period, with an average space-time yield of 49.2 mmol L-1 h-1. Overall, our results demonstrate that SpyCatcher magnetosomes significantly expand the genetic toolbox for particle surface functionalization and increase their application potential as nano-biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mittmann
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Frank Mickoleit
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Denis S. Maier
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabrina Y. Stäbler
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Marius A. Klein
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Institute
for Biological Interfaces 1, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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13
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Chen C, Wang P, Chen H, Wang X, Halgamuge MN, Chen C, Song T. Smart Magnetotactic Bacteria Enable the Inhibition of Neuroblastoma under an Alternating Magnetic Field. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14049-14058. [PMID: 35311270 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c24154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are ubiquitous microorganisms in nature that synthesize intracellular magnetic nanoparticles called magnetosomes in a gene-controlled way and arrange them in chains. From in vitro to in vivo, we demonstrate that the intact body of Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 has potential as a natural magnetic hyperthermia material for cancer therapy. Compared to chains of magnetosomes and individual magnetosomes, the entire AMB-1 cell exhibits superior heating capability under an alternating magnetic field. When incubating with tumor cells, the intact AMB-1 cells disperse better than the other two types of magnetosomes, decreasing cellular viability under the control of an alternating magnetic field. Furthermore, in vivo experiments in nude mice with neuroblastoma found that intact AMB-1 cells had the best antitumor activity with magnetic hyperthermia therapy compared to other treatment groups. These findings suggest that the intact body of magnetotactic bacteria has enormous promise as a natural material for tumor magnetic hyperthermia. In biomedical applications, intact and living magnetotactic bacteria play an increasingly essential function as a targeting robot due to their magnetotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyou Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haitao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Malka N Halgamuge
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Chuanfang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tao Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetism, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- France-China International Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Multicellular Organisms, Beijing 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Lodhi MS, Shaheen A, Khan MT, Shafiq MI, Samra ZQ, Wei DQ. A novel method of affinity purification and characterization of polygalacturonase of Aspergillus flavus by galacturonic acid engineered magnetic nanoparticle. Food Chem 2022; 372:131317. [PMID: 34818738 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pectinases hydrolyze pectin and make up 25% of global food processing enzyme sales. In this study, we aimed to purify exo-polygalacturonase (Exo-PG) by using galacturonic acid conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and examined its application in juice purification. The submerged fermentation was carried out in the presence of apple pectin (1%) to promote production of exo-PG from Aspergillus flavus. Maximum exo-PG activity was observed after 4 days (30 °C and pH 5.0). A single protein band (66 kDa) of purified exo-PG was observed in SDS-PAGE. Purification of exo-PG enzyme was ∼ 10 fold with a yield of 29%. The enzyme retained 98% activity in the presence of 15 % glycerol at 4 °C. The purified exo-PG using MNPs yielded a 10-12% increase in juice production as compare to without treated fruit juice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of affinity purification of exo-PG enzyme, using engineered magnetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of the Lahore, Lahore 58810, Pakistan.
| | - Ayesha Shaheen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir Khan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of the Lahore, Lahore 58810, Pakistan; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore and Centre for Bioinformatics and Drug Design, University of the Punjab, Lahore.
| | - Zahoor Qadir Samra
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, and Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation in Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China; Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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15
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Nadeem M, Khan R, Shah N, Bangash IR, Abbasi BH, Hano C, Liu C, Ullah S, Hashmi SS, Nadhman A, Celli J. A Review of Microbial Mediated Iron Nanoparticles (IONPs) and Its Biomedical Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010130. [PMID: 35010080 PMCID: PMC8746504 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a booming avenue in science and has a multitude of applications in health, agriculture, and industry. It exploits materials’ size at nanoscale (1–100 nm) known as nanoparticles (NPs). These nanoscale constituents are made via chemical, physical, and biological methods; however, the biological approach offers multiple benefits over the other counterparts. This method utilizes various biological resources for synthesis (microbes, plants, and others), which act as a reducing and capping agent. Among these sources, microbes provide an excellent platform for synthesis and have been recently exploited in the synthesis of various metallic NPs, in particular iron. Owing to their biocompatible nature, superparamagnetic properties, small size efficient, permeability, and absorption, they have become an integral part of biomedical research. This review focuses on microbial synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using various species of bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Possible applications and challenges that need to be addressed have also been discussed in the review; in particular, their antimicrobial and anticancer potentials are discussed in detail along with possible mechanisms. Moreover, some other possible biomedical applications are also highlighted. Although iron oxide nanoparticles have revolutionized biomedical research, issues such as cytotoxicity and biodegradability are still a major bottleneck in the commercialization of these nanoparticle-based products. Addressing these issues should be the topmost priority so that the biomedical industry can reap maximum benefit from iron oxide nanoparticle-based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (R.K.); (N.S.); (I.R.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.H.A.); (S.U.); (S.S.H.)
| | - Rijma Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (R.K.); (N.S.); (I.R.B.)
| | - Nausheen Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (R.K.); (N.S.); (I.R.B.)
| | - Ishrat Rehman Bangash
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (R.K.); (N.S.); (I.R.B.)
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.H.A.); (S.U.); (S.S.H.)
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Plant Lignans Team, INRAE USC1328, Eure Et Loir Campus, Université d’Orléans, F28000 Chartres, France;
| | - Chunzhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers, Eco-textiles Institute of Biochemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.H.A.); (S.U.); (S.S.H.)
| | - Syed Salman Hashmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.H.A.); (S.U.); (S.S.H.)
| | - Akhtar Nadhman
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Integrative Biosciences, CECOS University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan; (M.N.); (R.K.); (N.S.); (I.R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jonathan Celli
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA;
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16
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Baki A, Wiekhorst F, Bleul R. Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles Engineering for Biomedical Applications-A Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:134. [PMID: 34677207 PMCID: PMC8533261 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) have been developed and applied for a broad range of biomedical applications, such as diagnostic imaging, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery, gene therapy and tissue repair. As one key element, reproducible synthesis routes of MNPs are capable of controlling and adjusting structure, size, shape and magnetic properties are mandatory. In this review, we discuss advanced methods for engineering and utilizing MNPs, such as continuous synthesis approaches using microtechnologies and the biosynthesis of magnetosomes, biotechnological synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles from bacteria. We compare the technologies and resulting MNPs with conventional synthetic routes. Prominent biomedical applications of the MNPs such as diagnostic imaging, magnetic fluid hyperthermia, targeted drug delivery and magnetic actuation in micro/nanorobots will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkader Baki
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Regina Bleul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany;
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17
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Correa T, Presciliano R, Abreu F. Why Does Not Nanotechnology Go Green? Bioprocess Simulation and Economics for Bacterial-Origin Magnetite Nanoparticles. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:718232. [PMID: 34489907 PMCID: PMC8418543 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.718232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnological developments, including fabrication and use of magnetic nanomaterials, are growing at a fast pace. Magnetic nanoparticles are exciting tools for use in healthcare, biological sensors, and environmental remediation. Due to better control over final-product characteristics and cleaner production, biogenic nanomagnets are preferable over synthetic ones for technological use. In this sense, the technical requirements and economic factors for setting up industrial production of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB)-derived nanomagnets were studied in the present work. Magnetite fabrication costs in a single-stage fed-batch and a semicontinuous process were US$ 10,372 and US$ 11,169 per kilogram, respectively. Depending on the variations of the production process, the minimum selling price for biogenic nanomagnets ranged between US$ 21 and US$ 120 per gram. Because these prices are consistently below commercial values for synthetic nanoparticles, we suggest that microbial production is competitive and constitutes an attractive alternative for a greener manufacturing of magnetic nanoparticles nanotools with versatile applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarcisio Correa
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Magnetotaxia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rogério Presciliano
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Magnetotaxia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Abreu
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Magnetotaxia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Kralj S, Marchesan S. Bioinspired Magnetic Nanochains for Medicine. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1262. [PMID: 34452223 PMCID: PMC8398308 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely used for medicine, both in therapy and diagnosis. Their guided assembly into anisotropic structures, such as nanochains, has recently opened new research avenues; for instance, targeted drug delivery. Interestingly, magnetic nanochains do occur in nature, and they are thought to be involved in the navigation and geographic orientation of a variety of animals and bacteria, although many open questions on their formation and functioning remain. In this review, we will analyze what is known about the natural formation of magnetic nanochains, as well as the synthetic protocols to produce them in the laboratory, to conclude with an overview of medical applications and an outlook on future opportunities in this exciting research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavko Kralj
- Department for Materials Synthesis, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
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19
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Mickoleit F, Rosenfeldt S, Toro-Nahuelpan M, Schaffer M, Schenk AS, Plitzko JM, Schüler D. High-Yield Production, Characterization, and Functionalization of Recombinant Magnetosomes in the Synthetic Bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum "magneticum". Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2101017. [PMID: 34296829 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202101017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the photosynthetic Rhodospirillum rubrum has been endowed with the ability of magnetosome biosynthesis by transfer and expression of biosynthetic gene clusters from the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. However, the growth conditions for efficient magnetite biomineralization in the synthetic R. rubrum "magneticum", as well as the particles themselves (i.e., structure and composition), have so far not been fully characterized. In this study, different cultivation strategies, particularly the influence of temperature and light intensity, are systematically investigated to achieve optimal magnetosome biosynthesis. Reduced temperatures ≤16 °C and gradual increase in light intensities favor magnetite biomineralization at high rates, suggesting that magnetosome formation might utilize cellular processes, cofactors, and/or pathways that are linked to photosynthetic growth. Magnetosome yields of up to 13.6 mg magnetite per liter cell culture are obtained upon photoheterotrophic large-scale cultivation. Furthermore, it is shown that even more complex, i.e., oligomeric, catalytically active functional moieties like enzyme proteins can be efficiently expressed on the magnetosome surface, thereby enabling the in vivo functionalization by genetic engineering. In summary, it is demonstrated that the synthetic R. rubrum "magneticum" is a suitable host for high-yield magnetosome biosynthesis and the sustainable production of genetically engineered, bioconjugated magnetosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mickoleit
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabine Rosenfeldt
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)/Physical Chemistry 1, University of Bayreuth, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Mauricio Toro-Nahuelpan
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany.,Dept. Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Miroslava Schaffer
- Dept. Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Anna S Schenk
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI)/Physical Chemistry - Colloidal Systems, University of Bayreuth, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Jürgen M Plitzko
- Dept. Molecular Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, D-95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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20
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Gericke M, Geitel K, Jörke C, Clement JH, Heinze T. Reactive Nanoparticles Derived from Polysaccharide Phenyl Carbonates. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134026. [PMID: 34279366 PMCID: PMC8272227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide (PS) based nanoparticles (NP) are of great interest for biomedical applications. A key challenge in this regard is the functionalization of these nanomaterials. The aim of the present work was the development of reactive PS-NP that can be coupled with an amino group containing compounds under mild aqueous conditions. A series of cellulose phenyl carbonates (CPC) and xylan phenyl carbonates (XPC) with variable degrees of substitution (DS) was obtained by homogeneous synthesis. The preparation of PS-NP by self-assembling of these hydrophobic derivatives was studied comprehensively. While CPC mostly formed macroscopic aggregates, XPC formed well-defined spherical NP with diameters around 100 to 200 nm that showed a pronounced long-term stability in water against both particle aggregation as well as cleavage of phenyl carbonate moieties. Using an amino group functionalized dye it was demonstrated that the novel XPC-NP are reactive towards amines. A simple coupling procedure was established that enables direct functionalization of the reactive NP in an aqueous dispersion. Finally, it was demonstrated that dye functionalized XPC-NP are non-cytotoxic and can be employed in advanced biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gericke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Humboldtstr 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (T.H.)
| | - Katja Geitel
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (K.G.); (C.J.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Cornelia Jörke
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (K.G.); (C.J.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Joachim H. Clement
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany; (K.G.); (C.J.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Thomas Heinze
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Humboldtstr 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (T.H.)
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21
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Mickoleit F, Jörke C, Geimer S, Maier DS, Müller JP, Demut J, Gräfe C, Schüler D, Clement JH. Biocompatibility, uptake and subcellular localization of bacterial magnetosomes in mammalian cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:3799-3815. [PMID: 34263139 PMCID: PMC8243654 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Magnetosomes represent biogenic, magnetic nanoparticles biosynthesized by magnetotactic bacteria. Subtle biological control on each step of biomineralization generates core-shell nanoparticles of high crystallinity, strong magnetization and uniform shape and size. These features make magnetosomes a promising alternative to chemically synthesized nanoparticles for many applications in the biotechnological and biomedical field, such as their usage as biosensors in medical diagnostics, as drug-delivery agents, or as contrast agents for magnetic imaging techniques. Thereby, the particles are directly applied to mammalian cells or even injected into the body. In the present work, we provide a comprehensive characterization of isolated magnetosomes as potential cytotoxic effects and particle uptake have not been well studied so far. Different cell lines including cancer cells and primary cells are incubated with increasing particle amounts, and effects on cell viability are investigated. Obtained data suggest a concentration-dependent biocompatibility of isolated magnetosomes for all tested cell lines. Furthermore, magnetosome accumulation in endolysosomal structures around the nuclei is observed. Proliferation rates are affected in the presence of increasing particle amounts; however, viability is not affected and doubling times can be restored by reducing the magnetosome concentration. In addition, we evidence magnetosome-cell interactions that are strong enough to allow for magnetic cell sorting. Overall, our study not only assesses the biocompatibility of isolated magnetosomes, but also evaluates effects on cell proliferation and the fate of internalized magnetosomes, thereby providing prerequisites for their future in vivo application as biomedical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Mickoleit
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth D-95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Cornelia Jörke
- Dept. Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital D-07747 Jena Germany
| | - Stefan Geimer
- Electron Microscopy, University of Bayreuth D-95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Denis S Maier
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth D-95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Jörg P Müller
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital D-07745 Jena Germany
| | - Johanna Demut
- Dept. Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital D-07747 Jena Germany
| | - Christine Gräfe
- Dept. Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital D-07747 Jena Germany
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Dept. Microbiology, University of Bayreuth D-95447 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Joachim H Clement
- Dept. Hematology and Medical Oncology, Jena University Hospital D-07747 Jena Germany
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22
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Baki A, Remmo A, Löwa N, Wiekhorst F, Bleul R. Albumin-Coated Single-Core Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Enhanced Molecular Magnetic Imaging (MRI/MPI). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6235. [PMID: 34207769 PMCID: PMC8229057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal stability of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNP) in physiological environments is crucial for their (bio)medical application. MNP are potential contrast agents for different imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic particle imaging (MPI). Applied as a hybrid method (MRI/MPI), these are valuable tools for molecular imaging. Continuously synthesized and in-situ stabilized single-core MNP were further modified by albumin coating. Synthesizing and coating of MNP were carried out in aqueous media without using any organic solvent in a simple procedure. The additional steric stabilization with the biocompatible protein, namely bovine serum albumin (BSA), led to potential contrast agents suitable for multimodal (MRI/MPI) imaging. The colloidal stability of BSA-coated MNP was investigated in different sodium chloride concentrations (50 to 150 mM) in short- and long-term incubation (from two hours to one week) using physiochemical characterization techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for core size and differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) for hydrodynamic size. Magnetic characterization such as magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements confirmed the successful surface modification as well as exceptional colloidal stability of the relatively large single-core MNP. For comparison, two commercially available MNP systems were investigated, MNP-clusters, the former liver contrast agent (Resovist), and single-core MNP (SHP-30) manufactured by thermal decomposition. The tailored core size, colloidal stability in a physiological environment, and magnetic performance of our MNP indicate their ability to be used as molecular magnetic contrast agents for MPI and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkader Baki
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Amani Remmo
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany; (A.R.); (N.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Norbert Löwa
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany; (A.R.); (N.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany; (A.R.); (N.L.); (F.W.)
| | - Regina Bleul
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Straße 18-20, 55129 Mainz, Germany;
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De Vincentiis S, Falconieri A, Mickoleit F, Cappello V, Schüler D, Raffa V. Induction of Axonal Outgrowth in Mouse Hippocampal Neurons via Bacterial Magnetosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4126. [PMID: 33923565 PMCID: PMC8072586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetosomes are membrane-enclosed iron oxide crystals biosynthesized by magnetotactic bacteria. As the biomineralization of bacterial magnetosomes can be genetically controlled, they have become promising nanomaterials for bionanotechnological applications. In the present paper, we explore a novel application of magnetosomes as nanotool for manipulating axonal outgrowth via stretch-growth (SG). SG refers to the process of stimulation of axonal outgrowth through the application of mechanical forces. Thanks to their superior magnetic properties, magnetosomes have been used to magnetize mouse hippocampal neurons in order to stretch axons under the application of magnetic fields. We found that magnetosomes are avidly internalized by cells. They adhere to the cell membrane, are quickly internalized, and slowly degrade after a few days from the internalization process. Our data show that bacterial magnetosomes are more efficient than synthetic iron oxide nanoparticles in stimulating axonal outgrowth via SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara De Vincentiis
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Alessandro Falconieri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Frank Mickoleit
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Vittoria Raffa
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, SS12 Abetone e Brennero 4, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (S.D.V.); (A.F.)
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Riese CN, Uebe R, Rosenfeldt S, Schenk AS, Jérôme V, Freitag R, Schüler D. An automated oxystat fermentation regime for microoxic cultivation of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:206. [PMID: 33168043 PMCID: PMC7654035 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetosomes produced by magnetotactic bacteria represent magnetic nanoparticles with unprecedented characteristics. However, their use in many biotechnological applications has so far been hampered by their challenging bioproduction at larger scales. RESULTS Here, we developed an oxystat batch fermentation regime for microoxic cultivation of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense in a 3 L bioreactor. An automated cascade regulation enabled highly reproducible growth over a wide range of precisely controlled oxygen concentrations (1-95% of air saturation). In addition, consumption of lactate as the carbon source and nitrate as alternative electron acceptor were monitored during cultivation. While nitrate became growth limiting during anaerobic growth, lactate was the growth limiting factor during microoxic cultivation. Analysis of microoxic magnetosome biomineralization by cellular iron content, magnetic response, transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering revealed magnetosomal magnetite crystals were highly uniform in size and shape. CONCLUSION The fermentation regime established in this study facilitates stable oxygen control during culturing of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. Further scale-up seems feasible by combining the stable oxygen control with feeding strategies employed in previous studies. Results of this study will facilitate the highly reproducible laboratory-scale bioproduction of magnetosomes for a diverse range of future applications in the fields of biotechnology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius N Riese
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - René Uebe
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sabine Rosenfeldt
- Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Anna S Schenk
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
- Physical Chemistry - Colloidal Systems, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Valérie Jérôme
- Chair for Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany
| | - Ruth Freitag
- Chair for Process Biotechnology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, Bayreuth, 95447, Germany.
| | - Dirk Schüler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.
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