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Xi H, Huang L, Qiu L, Li S, Yan Y, Ding Y, Zhu Y, Wu F, Shi X, Zhao J, Chen R, Yao Q, Kou L. Enhancing oocyte in vitro maturation and quality by melatonin/bilirubin cationic nanoparticles: A promising strategy for assisted reproduction techniques. Int J Pharm X 2024; 8:100268. [PMID: 39070171 PMCID: PMC11278021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In assisted reproduction techniques, oocytes encounter elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during in vitro maturation (IVM). Oxidative stress adversely affects oocyte quality, hampering their maturation, growth, and subsequent development. Thus, mitigating excessive ROS to safeguard less viable oocytes during IVM stands as a viable strategy. Numerous antioxidants have been explored for oocyte IVM, yielding considerable effects; however, several aspects, including solubility, stability, and safety, demand attention and resolution. In this study, we developed nanoparticles by self-assembling endogenous bilirubin and melatonin hormone coated with bilirubin-conjugated glycol chitosan (MB@GBn) to alleviate oxidative stress and enhance oocyte maturation. The optimized MB@GBn exhibited a uniform spherical shape, measuring 128 nm in particle size, with a PDI value of 0.1807 and a surface potential of +11.35 mV. The positively charged potential facilitated nanoparticle adherence to the oocyte surface through electrostatic interaction, allowing for functional action. In vitro studies demonstrated that MB@GB significantly enhanced the maturation of compromised oocytes. Further investigation revealed MB@GB's effectiveness in scavenging ROS, reducing intracellular calcium levels, and suppressing mitochondrial polarization. This study not only offers a novel perspective on nano drug delivery systems for biomedical applications but also presents an innovative strategy for enhancing oocyte IVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Xi
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lihui Huang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Lin Qiu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shize Li
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuhao Zhu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Fugen Wu
- Department of Pediatric, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Xianbao Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Junzhao Zhao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325027, China
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Chen X, Wang K, Han Y, Pan Q, Jiang X, Yu Z, Zhang W, Wang Z, Yan H, Sun P, Liang J, Li H, Cheng Y. 3D printed VEGF-CPO biomaterial scaffold to promote subcutaneous vascularization and survival of transplanted islets for the treatment of diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132376. [PMID: 38750865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex metabolic disease and islet transplantation is a promising approach for the treatment of diabetes. Unfortunately, the transplanted islets at the subcutaneous site are also affected by various adverse factors such as poor vascularization and hypoxia. In this study, we utilize biocompatible copolymers l-lactide and D,l-lactide to manufacture a biomaterial scaffold with a mesh-like structure via 3D printing technology, providing a material foundation for encapsulating pancreatic islet cells. The scaffold maintains the sustained release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and a slow release of oxygen from calcium peroxide (CPO), thereby regulating the microenvironment for islet survival. This helps to improve insufficient subcutaneous vascularization and reduce islet death due to hypoxia post-transplantation. By pre-implanting VEGF-CPO scaffolds subcutaneously into diabetic rats, a sufficiently vascularized site is formed, thereby ensuring early survival of transplanted islets. In a word, the VEGF-CPO scaffold shows good biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo, avoids the adverse effects on the implanted islets, and displays promising clinical transformation prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Chen
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Kangchun Wang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Han
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Xinrui Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Zitong Yu
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Weichen Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Haomin Yan
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Heran Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Organ Transplantation and Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Huang H, Zheng S, Wu J, Liang X, Li S, Mao P, He Z, Chen Y, Sun L, Zhao X, Cai A, Wang L, Sheng H, Yao Q, Chen R, Zhao Y, Kou L. Opsonization Inveigles Macrophages Engulfing Carrier-Free Bilirubin/JPH203 Nanoparticles to Suppress Inflammation for Osteoarthritis Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400713. [PMID: 38593402 PMCID: PMC11165524 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by cartilage destruction, synovitis, and osteophyte formation. Disease-modifying treatments for OA are currently lacking. Because inflammation mediated by an imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages in the synovial cavities contributes to OA progression, regulating the M1 to M2 polarization of macrophages can be a potential therapeutic strategy. Basing on the inherent immune mechanism and pathological environment of OA, an immunoglobulin G-conjugated bilirubin/JPH203 self-assembled nanoparticle (IgG/BRJ) is developed, and its therapeutic potential for OA is evaluated. After intra-articular administration, IgG conjugation facilitates the recognition and engulfment of nanoparticles by the M1 macrophages. The internalized nanoparticles disassemble in response to the increased oxidative stress, and the released bilirubin (BR) and JPH203 scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit the nuclear factor kappa-B pathway, and suppress the activated mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, result in the repolarization of macrophages and enhance M2/M1 ratios. Suppression of the inflammatory environment by IgG/BRJ promotes cartilage protection and repair in an OA rat model, thereby improving therapeutic outcomes. This strategy of opsonization involving M1 macrophages to engulf carrier-free BR/JPH203 nanoparticles to suppress inflammation for OA therapy holds great potential for OA intervention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Huang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Shimin Zheng
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
| | - Jianing Wu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
| | - Xindan Liang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Pengfei Mao
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
| | - Zhinan He
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Yahui Chen
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Lining Sun
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
| | - Aimin Cai
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
| | - Luhui Wang
- Department of UltrasonographyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325015China
| | - Huixiang Sheng
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
| | - Qing Yao
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
| | - Ying‐Zheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325027China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhou325027China
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Zhao X, Duan B, Wu J, Huang L, Dai S, Ding J, Sun M, Lin X, Jiang Y, Sun T, Lu R, Huang H, Lin G, Chen R, Yao Q, Kou L. Bilirubin ameliorates osteoarthritis via activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and suppressing NF-κB signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18173. [PMID: 38494841 PMCID: PMC10945086 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that affects worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the chronic inflammation and OA progression. Scavenging overproduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be rational strategy for OA treatment. Bilirubin (BR) is a potent endogenous antioxidant that can scavenge various ROS and also exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether BR could exert protection on chondrocytes for OA treatment has not yet been elucidated. Here, chondrocytes were exposed to hydrogen peroxide with or without BR treatment. The cell viability was assessed, and the intracellular ROS, inflammation cytokines were monitored to indicate the state of chondrocytes. In addition, BR was also tested on LPS-treated Raw264.7 cells to test the anti-inflammation property. An in vitro bimimic OA microenvironment was constructed by LPS-treated Raw264.7 and chondrocytes, and BR also exert certain protection for chondrocytes by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and suppressing NF-κB signalling. An ACLT-induced OA model was constructed to test the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of BR. Compared to the clinical used HA, BR significantly reduced cartilage degeneration and delayed OA progression. Overall, our data shows that BR has a protective effect on chondrocytes and can delay OA progression caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
| | - Baiqun Duan
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
| | - Jianing Wu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
| | - Lihui Huang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
| | - Sheng Dai
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
| | - Jie Ding
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
| | - Meng Sun
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
| | - Xinlu Lin
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Yiling Jiang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Tuyue Sun
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ruijie Lu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Huirong Huang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy TechnologyWenzhouChina
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Guangyong Lin
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- Zhejiang‐Hong Kong Precision Theranostics of Thoracic Tumors Joint LaboratoryWenzhouChina
| | - Qing Yao
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Longfa Kou
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of PharmacyThe Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy TechnologyWenzhouChina
- Zhejiang‐Hong Kong Precision Theranostics of Thoracic Tumors Joint LaboratoryWenzhouChina
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Zhao YZ, Du CC, Xuan Y, Huang D, Qi B, Shi Y, Shen X, Zhang Y, Fu Y, Chen Y, Kou L, Yao Q. Bilirubin/morin self-assembled nanoparticle-engulfed collagen/polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel accelerates chronic diabetic wound healing by modulating inflammation and ameliorating oxidative stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129704. [PMID: 38272431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic diabetic wounds pose a serious threat to human health and safety because of their refractory nature and high recurrence rates. The formation of refractory wounds is associated with wound microenvironmental factors such as increased expression of proinflammatory factors and oxidative stress. Bilirubin is a potent endogenous antioxidant, and morin is a naturally active substance that possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Both hold the potential for diabetic wound treatment by intervening in pathological processes. In this study, we developed bilirubin/morin-based carrier-free nanoparticles (BMn) to treat chronic diabetic wounds. In vitro studies showed that BMn could effectively scavenge overproduced reactive oxygen species and suppress elevated inflammation, thereby exerting a protective effect. BMn was then loaded into a collagen/polyvinyl alcohol gel (BMn@G) for an in vivo study to maintain a moist environment for the skin and convenient biomedical applications. BMn@G exhibits excellent mechanical properties, water retention capabilities, and in vivo safety. In type I diabetic mice, BMn@G elevated the expression of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and concurrently diminished the expression of the proinflammatory factor TNF-α in the tissues surrounding the wounds. Furthermore, BMn@G efficiently mediated macrophage polarization from the M1-type to the M2-type, thereby fostering anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, BMn@G facilitated the conversion of type III collagen fiber bundles to type I collagen fiber bundles, resulting in a more mature collagen fiber structure. This study provides a promising therapeutic alternative for diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chu-Chu Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yunxia Xuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Di Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Boyang Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yifan Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xinyue Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yueyue Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China.
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
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6
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Qi B, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Kou L, Zhao YZ, Yao Q. Biomaterial-assisted strategies to improve islet graft revascularization and transplant outcomes. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:821-836. [PMID: 38168805 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Islet transplantation holds significant promise as a curative approach for type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the transition of islet transplantation from the experimental phase to widespread clinical implementation has not occurred yet. One major hurdle in this field is the challenge of insufficient vascularization and subsequent early loss of transplanted islets, especially in non-intraportal transplantation sites. The establishment of a fully functional vascular system following transplantation is crucial for the survival and secretion function of islet grafts. This vascular network not only ensures the delivery of oxygen and nutrients, but also plays a critical role in insulin release and the timely removal of metabolic waste from the grafts. This review summarizes recent advances in effective strategies to improve graft revascularization and enhance islet survival. These advancements include the local release and regulation of angiogenic factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF), co-transplantation of vascular fragments, and pre-vascularization of the graft site. These innovative approaches pave the way for the development of effective islet transplantation therapies for individuals with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Longfa Kou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Duan K, Liu J, Zhang J, Chu T, Liu H, Lou F, Liu Z, Gao B, Wei S, Wei F. Advancements in innate immune regulation strategies in islet transplantation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1341314. [PMID: 38288129 PMCID: PMC10823010 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1341314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
As a newly emerging organ transplantation technique, islet transplantation has shown the advantages of minimal trauma and high safety since it was first carried out. The proposal of the Edmonton protocol, which has been widely applied, was a breakthrough in this method. However, direct contact between islets and portal vein blood will cause a robust innate immune response leading to massive apoptosis of the graft, and macrophages play an essential role in the innate immune response. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages in the innate immune response have become a popular research topic in recent years. This paper will summarize and analyze recent research on strategies for regulating innate immunity, primarily focusing on macrophages, in the field of islet transplantation, including drug therapy, optimization of islet preparation process, islet engineering and Mesenchymal stem cells cotransplantation. We also expounded the heterogeneity, plasticity and activation mechanism of macrophages in islet transplantation, providing a theoretical basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehang Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tongjia Chu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fengxiang Lou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ziyu Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shixiong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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8
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Yao Q, Tang Y, Dai S, Huang L, Jiang Z, Zheng S, Sun M, Xu Y, Lu R, Sun T, Huang H, Jiang X, Yao X, Lin G, Kou L, Chen R. A Biomimetic Nanoparticle Exerting Protection against Acute Liver Failure by Suppressing CYP2E1 Activity and Scavenging Excessive ROS. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300571. [PMID: 37236618 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a severe liver disease caused by many reasons. One of them is the overdosed acetaminophen (APAP), which is metabolized into N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), an excessive toxic metabolite, by CYP2E1, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), exhausted glutathione (GSH), and thereafter hepatocyte necrosis. N-acetylcysteine is the Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for detoxification of APAP, but it has limited clinical application due to the short therapeutic time window and concentration-related adverse effects. In this study, a carrier-free and bilirubin dotted nanoparticle (B/BG@N) is developed, which is formed using bilirubin and 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) is then adsorbed to mimic the in vivo behavior of the conjugated bilirubin for hitchhiking. The results demonstrate that B/BG@N can effectively reduce the production of NAPQI as well as exhibit antioxidant effects against intracellular oxidative stress via regulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signal axis and reducing the production of inflammatory factors. In vivo study shows that B/BG@N can effectively improve the clinical symptom of the mice model. This study suggests that B/BG@N own increases circulation half-life, improves accumulation in the liver, and dual detoxification, providing a promising strategy for clinical ALF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Huang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Zewei Jiang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Shiming Zheng
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Yitianhe Xu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Lu
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Tuyue Sun
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, 315100, P. R. China
| | - Guangyong Lin
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Innovation and Application of Intelligent Radiotherapy Technology, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Basic Science and Translational Research of Radiation Oncology, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang-Hong Kong Precision Theranostics of Thoracic Tumors Joint Laboratory, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Pediatric Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, P. R. China
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9
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Cui Y, Wu C, Li L, shi H, Li C, Yin S. Toward nanotechnology-enabled application of bilirubin in the treatment and diagnosis of various civilization diseases. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100658. [PMID: 37214553 PMCID: PMC10196858 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin, an open chain tetrapyrrole, has powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-suppressive, metabolic-modulating and anti-proliferative activities. Bilirubin is a natural molecule that is produced and metabolized within the human body, making it highly biocompatible and well suited for clinical use. However, the use of bilirubin has been hampered by its poor water solubility and instability. With advanced construction strategies, bilirubin-derived nanoparticles (BRNPs) have not only overcome the disadvantages of bilirubin but also enhanced its therapeutic effects by targeting damaged tissues, passing through physiological barriers, and ensuring controlled sustained release. We review the mechanisms underlying the biological activities of bilirubin, BRNP preparation strategies and BRNP applications in various disease models. Based on their superior performance, BRNPs require further exploration of their efficacy, biodistribution and long-term biosafety in nonhuman primate models that recapitulate human disease to promote their clinical translation.
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10
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Zhang ZJ, Ding LY, Zuo XL, Feng H, Xia Q. A new paradigm in transplant immunology: At the crossroad of synthetic biology and biomaterials. MED 2023:S2666-6340(23)00142-3. [PMID: 37244257 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients require meticulously tailored immunosuppressive regimens to minimize graft loss and mortality. Traditional approaches focus on inhibiting effector T cells, while the intricate and dynamic immune responses mediated by other components remain unsolved. Emerging advances in synthetic biology and material science have provided novel treatment modalities with increased diversity and precision to the transplantation community. This review investigates the active interface between these two fields, highlights how living and non-living structures can be engineered and integrated for immunomodulation, and discusses their potential application in addressing the challenges in SOT clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lu-Yue Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zuo
- Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China; Punan Branch (Shanghai Punan Hospital), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China.
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Transplantation and Immunology, Shanghai 200127, China; Shanghai Institute of Transplantation, Shanghai 200127, China.
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11
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Wang Z, Jiang Z, Lu R, Kou L, Zhao YZ, Yao Q. Formulation strategies to provide oxygen-release to contrast local hypoxia for transplanted islets. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 187:130-140. [PMID: 37105362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation refers to the transfusion of healthy islet cells into the diabetic recipients and reconstruction of their endogenous insulin secretion to achieve insulin independence. It is a minimally invasive surgery that holds renewed prospect as a therapeutic method for type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, poor oxygenation in the early post-transplantation period is considered as one of the major causes of islet loss and dysfunction. Due to the metabolism chacteristics, islets required a high supply of oxygen for cell survival while a hypoxia environment would lead to severe islet loss and graft failure. Emerging strategies have been proposed, including providing external oxygen and speeding up revascularization. From the perspective of formulation science, it is feasible and practical to protect transplanted islets by oxygen-release before revascularization as opposed to local hypoxia. In this study, we review the potential formulation strategies that could provide oxygen-release by either delivering external oxygen or triggering localized oxygen generation for transplanted islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhikai Jiang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Lu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Immunopathological insights into villitis of unknown etiology on the basis of transplant immunology. Placenta 2023; 131:49-57. [PMID: 36473393 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Villitis of unknown etiology (VUE) is an inflammatory disease characterized by the infiltration of maternal CD8 +T cells into the placental villi. Although the pathogenesis of VUE is still debated, dysregulation of the immune system appears to be an important factor in the development of the disease. Interaction of maternal T cells with the fetal antigens seems to be the trigger for the VUE onset. In this context, graft vs host disease (GVHD) and allographic rejection seem to share similarities in the VUE immunopathological mechanism, especially those related to immunoregulation. In this review, we compared the immunological characteristics of VUE with allograft rejection, and GVHD favoring a better knowledge of VUE pathogenesis that may contribute to VUE therapeutics strategies in the future.
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13
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Shi Y, Zhao YZ, Jiang Z, Wang Z, Wang Q, Kou L, Yao Q. Immune-Protective Formulations and Process Strategies for Improved Survival and Function of Transplanted Islets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:923241. [PMID: 35903090 PMCID: PMC9315421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.923241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune system attacking and destroying insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. Islet transplantation is becoming one of the most promising therapies for T1D patients. However, its clinical use is limited by substantial cell loss after islet infusion, closely related to immune reactions, including instant blood-mediated inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and direct autoimmune attack. Especially the grafted islets are not only exposed to allogeneic immune rejection after transplantation but are also subjected to an autoimmune process that caused the original disease. Due to the development and convergence of expertise in biomaterials, nanotechnology, and immunology, protective strategies are being investigated to address this issue, including exploring novel immune protective agents, encapsulating islets with biomaterials, and searching for alternative implantation sites, or co-transplantation with functional cells. These methods have significantly increased the survival rate and function of the transplanted islets. However, most studies are still limited to animal experiments and need further studies. In this review, we introduced the immunological challenges for islet graft and summarized the recent developments in immune-protective strategies to improve the outcomes of islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhikai Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zeqing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Yao, ; Longfa Kou,
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Yao, ; Longfa Kou,
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14
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Chen P, Yao F, Lu Y, Peng Y, Zhu S, Deng J, Wu Z, Chen J, Deng K, Li Q, Pu Z, Mou L. Single-Cell Landscape of Mouse Islet Allograft and Syngeneic Graft. Front Immunol 2022; 13:853349. [PMID: 35757709 PMCID: PMC9226584 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.853349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Islet transplantation to treat the late stage of type 1 diabetic patient (T1DM) has recently made inspiring success in clinical trials. However, most patients experience a decline in islet graft function in one to three years due to immune rejection. Although the mechanisms of immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils, natural killer cells (NKs), B cells, and T cells, that mediate immune rejection have been investigated, the overall characteristics of immune infiltrates in islet allografts and syngeneic grafts remain unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has provided us with new opportunities to study the complexity of the immune microenvironment in islet transplants. In the present study, we used scRNA-seq to comprehensively analyze the immune heterogeneity in the mouse model of islet transplantation. Our data revealed T lymphocytes and myeloid cells as the main immune components of grafts 7 days post-islet transplantation, especially in allografts. Moreover, our results indicated that allogeneic islet cells were transformed into antigen-presenting cell-like cells with highly expressed MHC class I molecules and genes involved in MHC class I-mediated antigen presentation. This transformation may dramatically facilitate the interaction with cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and promote the destruction of islet allografts. Our study provides insight into the transcriptomics and diverse microenvironment of islet grafts and their impacts on immune rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Chen
- Department of traumatic orthopedics, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuwen Yao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanzheng Peng
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shufang Zhu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijing Wu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Li
- Imaging Department, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuhui Pu
- Imaging Department, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Anti-Oxidative Therapy in Islet Cell Transplantation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061038. [PMID: 35739935 PMCID: PMC9219662 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Islet cell transplantation has become a favorable therapeutic approach in the treatment of Type 1 Diabetes due to the lower surgical risks and potential complications compared to conventional pancreas transplantation. Despite significant improvements in islet cell transplantation outcomes, several limitations hamper long-term graft survival due to tremendous damage and loss of islet cells during the islet cell transplantation process. Oxidative stress has been identified as an omnipresent stressor that negatively affects both the viability and function of isolated islets. Furthermore, it has been established that at baseline, pancreatic β cells exhibit reduced antioxidative capacity, rendering them even more susceptible to oxidative stress during metabolic stress. Thus, identifying antioxidants capable of conferring protection against oxidative stressors present throughout the islet transplantation process is a valuable approach to improving the overall outcomes of islet cell transplantation. In this review we discuss the potential application of antioxidative therapy during each step of islet cell transplantation.
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16
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Wang Y, Wang H, Song Y, Lv M, Mao Y, Song H, Wang Y, Nie G, Liu X, Cui J, Zou X. IR792-MCN@ZIF-8-PD-L1 siRNA drug delivery system enhances photothermal immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer under near-infrared laser irradiation. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:96. [PMID: 35236356 PMCID: PMC8889783 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite extensive investigations on photothermal therapy, the clinical application is restricted due to poor stability, low therapeutic efficacy of photothermal therapy agents and its affinity loss in the multistep synthesis of delivery carriers. To address this, we designed an IR792-MCN@ZIF-8-PD-L1 siRNA (IM@ZP) nanoparticle drug delivery system. IM@ZP was prepared by in situ synthesis and physical adsorption, followed by characterization. Photothermal conversion ability of IM@ZP was assessed by irradiation of near-infrared (NIR) laser, followed by analysis of its effect on 4T1 cell viability, maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) and the secretion of related cytokines in vitro, and the changes of tumor infiltrating T cells and natural killer (NK) cells in vivo. Subcutaneous 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse and lung metastasis models were established to investigate the role of IM@ZP in killing tumor and inhibiting metastasis in vivo. Results IM@ZP was uniform nanoparticles of 81.67 nm with the characteristic UV absorption peak of IR792, and could effectively adsorb PD-L1 siRNA. Under the irradiation of 808 nm laser, IM@ZP exhibited excellent photothermal performance. IM@ZP could be efficiently uptaken by 4T1 cells, and had high transfection efficiency of PD-L1 siRNA. Upon NIR laser irradiation, IM@ZP effectively killed 4T1 cells, upregulated HSP70 expression, induced DC maturation and increased secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in vitro. Moreover, in vivo experimental results revealed that IM@ZP enhanced photothermal immunotherapy as shown by promoted tumor infiltrating CD8 + and CD4 + T cells and NK cells, and inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis. Conclusion Together, biocompatible IM@ZP nanoparticles result in high photothermal immunotherapy efficiency and may have a great potential as a delivery system for sustained cancer therapy. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01255-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haibo Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Song
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Lv
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Mao
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongming Song
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Nie
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Cui
- Breast Disease Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqing Zou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Yu S, Lu J. Macrophages in transplant rejection. Transpl Immunol 2022; 71:101536. [PMID: 35017096 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transplant rejection is one of the primary factors leading to loss of allograft function, and macrophages are involved in allograft rejection. Macrophages polarize into different phenotypes according to stimulation by different external factors. Different types of macrophages play distinct roles in inflammation, tumors, and autoimmune diseases and are involved in transplant rejection. In this review, we introduce the origin and migration of macrophages, outline the classification of macrophages and their polarization mechanisms, and review the currently understood mechanisms of their involvement in transplant rejection. Finally, we discuss the regulation of macrophage polarization and miRNA expression with respect to transplant rejection, which is important for the development of new anti-rejection therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochen Yu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, No. 466, Xingang Middle Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, China.
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China.
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Huang Z, Shi Y, Wang H, Chun C, Chen L, Wang K, Lu Z, Zhao Y, Li X. Protective Effects of Chitosan-Bilirubin Nanoparticles Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 16:8235-8250. [PMID: 34992363 PMCID: PMC8709796 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s344805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gastric ulcers (GU) are a disease of the gastrointestinal tract that can be caused by excessive alcohol consumption and heavy use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. GU manifests predominantly as pathological damage, such as extensive inflammatory erosion and superficial bleeding of the gastric mucosa. Oxidative stress damage and the inflammatory response are now considered important predisposing factors for GU, suggesting that antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs could be treatments for GU. Nanoparticle drug carriers offer many advantages over conventional drugs, such as improved drug efficiency, increased drug stability, and increased half-life. Methods We designed chitosan-bilirubin conjugate (CS-BR) nanoparticles and assessed the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities of CS-BR in gastric epithelial cells. Then, we evaluated the intragastric retention time and the anti-ulcer effects of CS-BR in vivo. Results The in vitro data showed that CS-BR nanoparticles protect gastric epithelial cells against oxidative/inflammatory injury. The in vivo study demonstrated that CS-BR nanoparticles accumulate permanently in the stomach and exert powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects against GU. Conclusion This study applied bilirubin to the treatment of GU and confirmed that CS-BR nanoparticles are effective at alleviating acute GU in an experimental model. The findings provide innovative ideas for prophylaxis against or treatment of GU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yannan Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengcai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Changju Chun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Longwang Chen
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinze Li
- Department of Emergency, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China.,Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Wenzhou, 325035, People's Republic of China
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Huang X, He D, Pan Z, Luo G, Deng J. Reactive-oxygen-species-scavenging nanomaterials for resolving inflammation. Mater Today Bio 2021; 11:100124. [PMID: 34458716 PMCID: PMC8379340 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate multiple physiological functions; however, the over-accumulation of ROS causes premature aging and/or death and is associated with various inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, there are limited clinical treatment options that are currently available. The good news is that owing to the considerable advances in nanoscience, multiple types of nanomaterials with unique ROS-scavenging abilities that influence the temporospatial dynamic behaviors of ROS in biological systems have been developed. This has led to the emergence of next-generation nanomaterial-controlled strategies aimed at ameliorating ROS-related inflammatory conditions. Accordingly, herein we reviewed recent progress in research on nanotherapy based on ROS scavenging. The underlying mechanisms of the employed nanomaterials are emphasized. Furthermore, important issues in developing cross-disciplinary nanomedicine-based strategies for ROS-based inflammatory conditions are discussed. Our review of this increasing interdisciplinary field will benefit ongoing studies and clinical applications of nanomedicine based on ROS scavenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - D. He
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Z. Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, The Seventh People's Hospital of Chongqing
| | - G. Luo
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - J. Deng
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Lab of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
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Huang ZW, Shi Y, Zhai YY, Du CC, Zhai J, Yu RJ, Kou L, Xiao J, Zhao YZ, Yao Q. Hyaluronic acid coated bilirubin nanoparticles attenuate ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. J Control Release 2021; 334:275-289. [PMID: 33930479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common pathological process that is globally associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The underlying AKI mechanisms include over-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cell infiltration, and high levels of inflammatory mediators. Bilirubin is an endogenous compound with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, and could, therefore, be a promising therapeutic candidate. Nanotechnology-mediated therapy has emerged as a novel drug delivery strategy for AKI treatment. In this study, we report a hyaluronic acid (HA) coated ε-polylysine-bilirubin conjugate (PLBR) nanoparticle (nHA/PLBR) that can selectively accumulate in injured kidneys and alleviate the oxidative/inflammatory-induced damage. The in vitro study revealed that nHA/PLBR has good stability, biocompatibility, and exhibited higher antioxidant as well as anti-apoptotic effects when compared to nPLBR or bilirubin. The in vivo study showed that nHA/PLBR could target and accumulate in the injured kidney, effectively relieve oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, protect the structure and function of the mitochondria, and more importantly, inhibit the apoptosis of tubular cells in an ischemia/reperfusion-induced AKI rat model. Therefore, nHA/PLBR has the capacity to enhance specific biodistribution and delivery efficiency of bilirubin, thereby providing better treatment for AKI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yannan Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chu-Chu Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiaoyuan Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Run-Jie Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Qing Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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