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Zhou X, Feng S, Xu Q, Li Y, Lan J, Wang Z, Ding Y, Wang S, Zhao Q. Current advances in nanozyme-based nanodynamic therapies for cancer. Acta Biomater 2025; 191:1-28. [PMID: 39571955 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
Nanozymes are nano-catalysis materials with enzyme-like activities, which can repair the defects of natural enzyme such as harsh catalytic conditions, and harness their strengths to treat tumor. The emerging nanodynamic therapies improved drug selectivity and decreased drug tolerance, while causing efficient cell apoptosis through the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nanodynamic therapies based on nanozymes can improve the complicated tumor microenvironment (TME) to reduce the defect rate of nanodynamic therapies, and provide more options for tumor treatment. This review summarized the characteristics and applications of nanozymes with different activities and the factors influencing the activity of nanozymes. We also focused on the application of nanozymes in nanodynamic therapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Moreover, we discussed the strategies for optimizing nanodynamic therapies based on nanozymes for tumor treatment in detail, and provided a systematic review of tactics for synergies with other tumor therapies. Ultimately, we analyzed the shortcomings of nanodynamic therapies based on nanozymes and the relevant research prospect, which would provide sufficient evidence and lay a foundation for further research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 1. The novelty and significance of the work with respect to the existing literatures. (1) Recent advances in nanozyme-based nanodynamic therapies are comprehensively and systematically reviewed, and strategies to address the limitations and challenges of current therapies based on nanozymes are discussed firstly. (2) The mechanism of nanozymes in nanodynamic therapies is described for the first time. The synergistic therapies, prospects, and challenges of nanozyme-based nanodynamic therapies are innovatively discussed. 2. The scientific impact and interest to our readership. This review focuses on the recent progress of nanozyme-based nanodynamic therapies. This review indicates the way forward for the combined treatment of nanozymes and nanodynamic therapies, and lays a foundation for facilitating theoretical development in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubin Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Shuaipeng Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yian Li
- School of Libra Arts of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Jiaru Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yiduo Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Siling Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Qinfu Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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Kong S, Zhang J, Ding B, He C, Zhang X. Nanoplatform-based synergistic cancer Immuno-Chemodynamic therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 667:124956. [PMID: 39550012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 10/22/2024] [Accepted: 11/12/2024] [Indexed: 11/18/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has made excellent breakthroughs in the field of cancer treatments, but faces challenges with low immunogenicity of tumor cells and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITME). The emerging chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on the Fenton/Fenton-like reaction can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) to enhance tumor immunogenicity, facilitating the transition from immune-cold to immune-hot tumors. Synergistic CDT and immunotherapy based on advanced nanotechnology have shown immense promise for improving therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects in cancer treatment. This review summarizes and discusses recent advances in the field, with the goal of designing a high-quality nanoplatform to enhance synergistic CDT in combination with immunotherapy and lay the foundation for its future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaizhi Kong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, PR China; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China.
| | - Chuanchuan He
- Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, PR China.
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, PR China.
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Yang EL, Wang WY, Liu YQ, Yi H, Lei A, Sun ZJ. Tumor-Targeted Catalytic Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2413210. [PMID: 39676382 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202413210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy holds significant promise for improving cancer treatment efficacy; however, the low response rate remains a considerable challenge. To overcome this limitation, advanced catalytic materials offer potential in augmenting catalytic immunotherapy by modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) through precise biochemical reactions. Achieving optimal targeting precision and therapeutic efficacy necessitates a thorough understanding of the properties and underlying mechanisms of tumor-targeted catalytic materials. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic overview of recent advancements in tumor-targeted catalytic materials and their critical role in enhancing catalytic immunotherapy. It highlights the types of catalytic reactions, the construction strategies of catalytic materials, and their fundamental mechanisms for tumor targeting, including passive, bioactive, stimuli-responsive, and biomimetic targeting approaches. Furthermore, this review outlines various tumor-specific targeting strategies, encompassing tumor tissue, tumor cell, exogenous stimuli-responsive, TME-responsive, and cellular TME targeting strategies. Finally, the discussion addresses the challenges and future perspectives for transitioning catalytic materials into clinical applications, offering insights that pave the way for next-generation cancer therapies and provide substantial benefits to patients in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Li Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Wu-Yin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ying-Qi Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hong Yi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China
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4
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Feng N, Yu F, Liu B. Three-in-One Nanozyme for Radiosensitization of Bladder Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:10873-10883. [PMID: 39479176 PMCID: PMC11523926 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s463242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bladder cancer is a common malignancy of the urinary system and the development of noninvasive therapeutic methods is imperative to avoid radical cystectomy, which results in a poor quality of life for patients. Methods In this study, ultrasmall copper-palladium nanozymes decorated with cysteamine (CPC) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy (RT) in treating bladder cancer. CPC NPs react with intracellular overexpressed H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment to produce large quantities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce tumor cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the CPC nanozymes can generate ample oxygen within tumors by utilizing H2O2, addressing hypoxia conditions, and mitigating radioresistance. Additionally, CPC facilitates the oxidation of glutathione (GSH) into oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), blocking the self-repair mechanisms of tumor cells post-treatment. Simultaneously, CPC enhances the ionization energy deposition effect on tumor cells. Results The results demonstrate an increased level of ROS and an elevation in oxygen content at the tumor site. Importantly, tumor growth was restrained without apparent systemic toxicity during the combined treatment. Conclusion In summary, this study highlights the potential of CPC nanozyme-mediated radiotherapy as a promising avenue for the effective treatment of bladder cancer and demonstrates its potential for future clinical applications in the synergistic therapy of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People’s Republic of China
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Fan Q, Fu ZW, Xu M, Lv F, Shi JS, Zeng QQ, Xiong DH. Research progress of tumor-associated macrophages in immune checkpoint inhibitor tolerance in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:4064-4079. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The relevant mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is discussed, and the application prospects of TAMs in reversing the treatment tolerance of ICIs are discussed to provide a reference for related studies. As a class of drugs widely used in clinical tumor immunotherapy, ICIs can act on regulatory molecules on cells that play an inhibitory role-immune checkpoints-and kill tumors in the form of an immune response by activating a variety of immune cells in the immune system. The sensitivity of patients with different types of colorectal cancer to ICI treatment varies greatly. The phenotype and function of TAMs in the colorectal cancer microenvironment are closely related to the efficacy of ICIs. ICIs can regulate the phenotypic function of TAMs, and TAMs can also affect the tolerance of colorectal cancer to ICI therapy. TAMs play an important role in ICI resistance, and making full use of this target as a therapeutic strategy is expected to improve the immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fan
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Fu
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Feng Lv
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Jia-Song Shi
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Qi-Qi Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-Hai Xiong
- Intestinal Center, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404000, China
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6
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Xu X, Zhang Y, Meng C, Zheng W, Wang L, Zhao C, Luo F. Nanozymes in cancer immunotherapy: metabolic disruption and therapeutic synergy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:9111-9143. [PMID: 39177061 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00769g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a growing emphasis on investigating the role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. However, it faces challenges such as limited efficacy, a diminished response rate, and serious adverse effects. Nanozymes, a subset of nanomaterials, demonstrate boundless potential in cancer catalytic therapy for their tunable activity, enhanced stability, and cost-effectiveness. By selectively targeting the metabolic vulnerabilities of tumors, they can effectively intensify the destruction of tumor cells and promote the release of antigenic substances, thereby eliciting immune clearance responses and impeding tumor progression. Combined with other therapies, they synergistically enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. Hence, a large number of metabolism-regulating nanozymes with synergistic immunotherapeutic effects have been developed. This review summarizes recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy facilitated by nanozymes, focusing on engineering nanozymes to potentiate antitumor immune responses by disturbing tumor metabolism and performing synergistic treatment. The challenges and prospects in this field are outlined. We aim to provide guidance for nanozyme-mediated immunotherapy and pave the way for achieving durable tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chijun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenzhuo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chenyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3, Renmin Nanlu, Chengdu 610041, China.
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7
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Zou D, Xin X, Xu Y, Xu H, Huang L, Xu T. Improving the efficacy of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer: Targeting tumor microenvironment-associated immunosuppressive cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36446. [PMID: 39262952 PMCID: PMC11388603 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have changed the treatment paradigm for many malignant tumors. As the most common digestive tract malignancy, colorectal cancer (CRC) shows a good response to ICIs only in a small subset of patients with MSI-H/dMMR CRC. In contrast, patients with MSS/pMMR CRC show minimal response to ICIs. The results of the REGONIVO study suggest that targeting the tumor microenvironment (TME) to improve immunotherapy outcomes in MSS/pMMR CRC patients is a feasible strategy. Therefore, this article focuses on exploring the feasibility of targeting the TME to enhance immunotherapy outcomes in CRC, collecting recent basic research on targeting the TME to enhance immunotherapy outcomes in CRC and analyzing ongoing clinical trials to provide a theoretical basis and future research directions for improving immunotherapy outcomes in MSS/pMMR CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyang Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Xi Xin
- Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yunxian Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Huangzhen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Linyan Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Tianwen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
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8
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Yang T, Liu Z, Zhang T, Liu Y. Hybrid nano-stimulator for specific amplification of oxidative stress and precise tumour treatment. J Drug Target 2024; 32:756-769. [PMID: 38832845 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2349112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to target cancer cells has become a hot topic in tumor therapy. PURPOSE Although ROS has strong cytotoxicity against tumor cells, the key issue currently is how to generate a large amount of ROS within tumor cells. METHODS Organic/inorganic hybrid nanoreactor materials combine the advantages of organic and inorganic components and can amplify cancer treatment by increasing targeting and material self-action. The multifunctional organic / inorganic hybrid nanoreactor is helpful to overcome the shortcomings of current reactive oxygen species in cancer treatment. It can realize the combination of in situ dynamic therapy and immunotherapy strategies, and has a synergistic anti-tumor effect. RESULTS This paper reviews the research progress of organic/inorganic hybrid nanoreactor materials using tumor components to amplify reactive oxygen species for cancer treatment. The article reviews the tumor treatment strategies of nanohybrids from the perspectives of cancer cells, immune cells, tumor microenvironment, as well as 3D printing and electrospinning techniques, which are different from traditional nanomaterial technologies, and will arouse interest among scientists in tumor therapy and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan, China
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9
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Li H, Wang S, Yang Z, Meng X, Niu M. Nanomaterials modulate tumor-associated macrophages for the treatment of digestive system tumors. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:376-412. [PMID: 38544737 PMCID: PMC10965438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of digestive system tumors presents challenges, particularly in immunotherapy, owing to the advanced immune tolerance of the digestive system. Nanomaterials have emerged as a promising approach for addressing these challenges. They provide targeted drug delivery, enhanced permeability, high bioavailability, and low toxicity. Additionally, nanomaterials target immunosuppressive cells and reshape the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Among the various cells in the TIME, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant and play a crucial role in tumor progression. Therefore, investigating the modulation of TAMs by nanomaterials for the treatment of digestive system tumors is of great significance. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the utilization of nanomaterials to modulate TAMs for the treatment of gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. We also investigated the underlying mechanisms by which nanomaterials modulate TAMs to treat tumors in the digestive system. Furthermore, this review summarizes the role of macrophage-derived nanomaterials in the treatment of digestive system tumors. Overall, this research offers valuable insights into the development of nanomaterials tailored for the treatment of digestive system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengqiang Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Niu
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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Cao H, Yang E, Kim Y, Zhao Y, Ma W. Biomimetic Chiral Nanomaterials with Selective Catalysis Activity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306979. [PMID: 38561968 PMCID: PMC11187969 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Chiral nanomaterials with unique chiral configurations and biocompatible ligands have been booming over the past decade for their interesting chiroptical effect, unique catalytical activity, and related bioapplications. The catalytic activity and selectivity of chiral nanomaterials have emerged as important topics, that can be potentially controlled and optimized by the rational biochemical design of nanomaterials. In this review, chiral nanomaterials synthesis, composition, and catalytic performances of different biohybrid chiral nanomaterials are discussed. The construction of chiral nanomaterials with multiscale chiral geometries along with the underlying principles for enhancing chiroptical responses are highlighted. Various biochemical approaches to regulate the selectivity and catalytic activity of chiral nanomaterials for biocatalysis are also summarized. Furthermore, attention is paid to specific chiral ligands, materials compositions, structure characteristics, and so on for introducing selective catalytic activities of representative chiral nanomaterials, with emphasis on substrates including small molecules, biological macromolecule, and in-site catalysis in living systems. Promising progress has also been emphasized in chiral nanomaterials featuring structural versatility and improved chiral responses that gave rise to unprecedented chances to utilize light for biocatalytic applications. In summary, the challenges, future trends, and prospects associated with chiral nanomaterials for catalysis are comprehensively proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Cao
- School of Perfume and Aroma TechnologyShanghai Institute of TechnologyNo. 100 Haiquan RoadShanghai201418China
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and ResourcesJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - En Yang
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and ResourcesJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of Education, School of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Yoonseob Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringThe Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological ColloidsMinistry of Education, School of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and ResourcesJiangnan UniversityWuxiJiangsu214122China
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11
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Fu Q, Wei C, Wang M. Transition-Metal-Based Nanozymes: Synthesis, Mechanisms of Therapeutic Action, and Applications in Cancer Treatment. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12049-12095. [PMID: 38693611 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, as one of the leading causes of death worldwide, drives the advancement of cutting-edge technologies for cancer treatment. Transition-metal-based nanozymes emerge as promising therapeutic nanodrugs that provide a reference for cancer therapy. In this review, we present recent breakthrough nanozymes for cancer treatment. First, we comprehensively outline the preparation strategies involved in creating transition-metal-based nanozymes, including hydrothermal method, solvothermal method, chemical reduction method, biomimetic mineralization method, and sol-gel method. Subsequently, we elucidate the catalytic mechanisms (catalase (CAT)-like activities), peroxidase (POD)-like activities), oxidase (OXD)-like activities) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities) of transition-metal-based nanozymes along with their activity regulation strategies such as morphology control, size manipulation, modulation, composition adjustment and surface modification under environmental stimulation. Furthermore, we elaborate on the diverse applications of transition-metal-based nanozymes in anticancer therapies encompassing radiotherapy (RT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), immunotherapy, and synergistic therapy. Finally, the challenges faced by transition-metal-based nanozymes are discussed alongside future research directions. The purpose of this review is to offer scientific guidance that will enhance the clinical applications of nanozymes based on transition metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Fu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Wei
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhen Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, People's Republic of China
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12
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Sheng J, Wu Y, Ding H, Feng K, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Gu N. Multienzyme-Like Nanozymes: Regulation, Rational Design, and Application. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2211210. [PMID: 36840985 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials with more than one enzyme-like activity are termed multienzymic nanozymes, and they have received increasing attention in recent years and hold huge potential to be applied in diverse fields, especially for biosensing and therapeutics. Compared to single enzyme-like nanozymes, multienzymic nanozymes offer various unique advantages, including synergistic effects, cascaded reactions, and environmentally responsive selectivity. Nevertheless, along with these merits, the catalytic mechanism and rational design of multienzymic nanozymes are more complicated and elusive as compared to single-enzymic nanozymes. In this review, the multienzymic nanozymes classification scheme based on the numbers/types of activities, the internal and external factors regulating the multienzymatic activities, the rational design based on chemical, biomimetic, and computer-aided strategies, and recent progress in applications attributed to the advantages of multicatalytic activities are systematically discussed. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives regarding the development and application of multienzymatic nanozymes are suggested. This review aims to deepen the understanding and inspire the research in multienzymic nanozymes to a greater extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yuehuang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - He Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Kaizheng Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
- Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
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13
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Sungu M, Isik M, Güler Ü, Eylem CC, Eskizengin H, Nemutlu E, Salih B, Derkus B. Manipulating macrophage polarization with nanoparticles to control metastatic behavior in heterotypic breast cancer micro-tissues via exosome signaling. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:394-410. [PMID: 38073471 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoparticles on macrophage polarization and their subsequent influence on post-tumorigenic behavior. Initially, seven different nanoparticles were applied to macrophages, and Zn-Ni-FeO (100 nm) and palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs, ∼25 nm) were found to induce M1-polarization in macrophages. A co-culture experiment was then conducted to examine the effects of macrophages on MCF-7 breast cancer micro-tissues. The M2-macrophages promoted tumor proliferation, while M1- and PdNPs-induced macrophages showed anti-tumor effects by suppressing cell proliferation. To reveal the mechanisms of effect, exosomes isolated from M1 (M1-Exo), M0 (M0-Exo), M2 (M2-Exo), and PdNPs-induced (PdNPs-Exo) macrophages were applied to the heterotypic tumor micro-tissues including MCF-7, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and primary human dermal fibroblasts (phDFs). M2-Exo was seen to promote the migration of cancer cells and induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while M1-Exo suppressed these behaviors. PdNPs-Exo was effective in suppressing the aggressive nature of breast cancer cells similar to M1-Exo, moreover, the efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was increased in combination with PdNPs-Exo in both MCF-7 and heterotypic micro-tissues. In conclusion, PdNPs-Exo has potential anti-tumor effects, can be used as a combination therapy to enhance the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs, as well as innovative implants for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Sungu
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Melis Isik
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ülkü Güler
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cemil Can Eylem
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Hakan Eskizengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Derkus
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Excellence Joint Application and Research Center (NEUROM), 06560 Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Wang J, Tang M, Xie X, Xu Y, Su P, Jin Z. Efficacy of ferulic acid in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke injury in rats: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1278036. [PMID: 37927604 PMCID: PMC10620722 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1278036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Intravenous thrombolysis is commonly used in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke damage. The existing thrombolytic drugs still suffer significant shortcomings, including a limited fibrin specificity and bleeding complications. Ferulic acid can directly bind the key thrombus enzymes and target to blood clots, suggesting its thrombolytic potency that may be beneficial with thrombolytic potency for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke damage. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of ferulic acid in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke injury in rats and its potential mechanism of action. Materials and methods: We conducted a literature search in six databases, including CNKI, up to July 2023. Results: Sixteen trials were included in the meta-analysis, which demonstrated that ferulic acid significantly reduced infarct size, neurological deficit score, apoptosis index, cleaved caspase-3, and cytochrome C levels (all p < 0.05). In addition, ferulic acid significantly increased the levels of phosphorylated Akt, mitochondrial Bcl-xL/Bax, phosphorylated astrocyte PEA15, hippocampal calcium binding protein, and mitochondrial Bcl-2/Bax ratio (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that ferulic acid protects against acute ischemic stroke injury in rats by inhibiting ischemia-induced excitotoxicity, inflammatory response, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashan Wang
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhen Xie
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Xu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingping Su
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuqing Jin
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Zhang W, Li J, Chen L, Chen H, Zhang L. Palladium-based multifunctional nanoparticles for combined chemodynamic/photothermal and calcium overload therapy of tumors. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113529. [PMID: 37708713 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high mortality and incidence rates associated with tumors and the specificity of the tumor microenvironment (TME), it is difficult to achieve a complete cure for tumors using a single therapy. In this study, calcium carbonate-modified palladium hydride nanoparticles (PdH@CaCO3) were prepared and utilized for the combined treatment of tumors through chemodynamic therapy (CDT)/photothermal therapy (PTT) and calcium overload therapy. After entering tumor cells, PdH@CaCO3 releases calcium ions (Ca2+) and PdH once it reaches the TME due to the pH reactivity of the calcium carbonate coating. The mitochondrial membrane potential is lowered by the Ca2+, leading to irreversible cell damage. Meanwhile, PdH reacts with excessive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the TME via the Fenton reaction, generating hydroxyl radicals (·OH). Moreover, PdH is an excellent photothermal agent that can kill tumor cells under laser irradiation, leading to significant anti-tumor effects. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that PdH@CaCO3 could combine CDT/PTT and calcium overload therapy, exhibiting great clinical potential in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiangyong Li
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lamei Chen
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liangke Zhang
- Chongqing Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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16
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Zheng J, Jiang J, Pu Y, Xu T, Sun J, Zhang Q, He L, Liang X. Tumor-associated macrophages in nanomaterial-based anti-tumor therapy: as target spots or delivery platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1248421. [PMID: 37654704 PMCID: PMC10466823 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1248421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has emerged as a promising approach in cancer therapy. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the field of nanomedicines targeting TAMs. According to the crucial role of TAMs in tumor progression, strategies to inhibit macrophage recruitment, suppress TAM survival, and transform TAM phenotypes are discussed as potential therapeutic avenues. To enhance the targeting capacity of nanomedicines, various approaches such as the use of ligands, immunoglobulins, and short peptides are explored. The utilization of live programmed macrophages, macrophage cell membrane-coated nanoparticles and macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles as drug delivery platforms is also highlighted, offering improved biocompatibility and prolonged circulation time. However, challenges remain in achieving precise targeting and controlled drug release. The heterogeneity of TAMs and the variability of surface markers pose hurdles in achieving specific recognition. Furthermore, the safety and clinical applicability of these nanomedicines requires further investigation. In conclusion, nanomedicines targeting TAMs hold great promise in cancer therapy, offering enhanced specificity and reduced side effects. Addressing the existing limitations and expanding our understanding of TAM biology will pave the way for the successful translation of these nano-therapies into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinting Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yicheng Pu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiantong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, West China School of Medicine, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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17
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He YC, Hao ZN, Li Z, Gao DW. Nanomedicine-based multimodal therapies: Recent progress and perspectives in colon cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:670-681. [PMID: 36742173 PMCID: PMC9896619 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i4.670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer has attracted much attention due to its annually increasing incidence. Conventional chemotherapeutic drugs are unsatisfactory in clinical application because of their lack of targeting and severe toxic side effects. In the past decade, nanomedicines with multimodal therapeutic strategies have shown potential for colon cancer because of their enhanced permeability and retention, high accumulation at tumor sites, co-loading with different drugs, and comb-ination of various therapies. This review summarizes the advances in research on various nanomedicine-based therapeutic strategies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy (photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy), chemodynamic therapy, gas therapy, and immunotherapy. Additionally, the therapeutic mechanisms, limitations, improvements, and future of the above therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chu He
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Nano-Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Applying Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zi-Ning Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Nano-Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Applying Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Nano-Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Applying Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Da-Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Nano-Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Applying Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
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18
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Oxygen-carrying nanoplatform to reprogram tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhance photothermal-immunotherapy. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100555. [PMID: 36793322 PMCID: PMC9922928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy shows great promise on treating tumors. However, insufficient antigen exposure and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) caused by hypoxia impose a serial of constraints on the therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we developed an oxygen-carrying nanoplatform loaded with perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB, a second-generation of perfluorocarbon-based blood substitute), IR780 (a photosensitizer) and imiquimod (R837, an immune adjuvant) to reprogram immunosuppressive TME and reinforce photothermal-immunotherapy. The obtained oxygen-carrying nanoplatforms (abbreviated as IR-R@LIP/PFOB) show highly efficient oxygen release behavior and excellent hyperthermia performance upon laser irradiation, thus achieving the attenuation of the inherent tumor hypoxia and the exposure of tumor associated antigens in situ, and transforming the immunosuppressive TME to an immunosupportive one. We found that the photothermal therapy of IR-R@LIP/PFOB together with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1) would elicit a robust antitumor immunity by increasing the tumor-infiltrating frequencies of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and tumoricidal M1-phenotype macrophages, while reducing immunosuppressive M2-phenotype macrophages and regulatory T cells (Tregs). This study presents these oxygen-carrying IR-R@LIP/PFOB nanoplatforms are potent in removing some negative impacts of immunosuppressive TME caused by hypoxia, and suppressing tumor growth by initiating antitumor immune responses, especially in combination with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.
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