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Zaher A, Petronek MS, Allen BG, Mapuskar KA. Balanced Duality: H 2O 2-Based Therapy in Cancer and Its Protective Effects on Non-Malignant Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8885. [PMID: 39201571 PMCID: PMC11354297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional cancer therapy strategies, although centered around killing tumor cells, often lead to severe side effects on surrounding normal tissues, thus compromising the chronic quality of life in cancer survivors. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a secondary signaling molecule that has an array of functions in both tumor and normal cells, including the promotion of cell survival pathways and immune cell modulation in the tumor microenvironment. H2O2 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) crucial in cellular homeostasis and signaling (at concentrations maintained under nM levels), with increased steady-state levels in tumors relative to their normal tissue counterparts. Increased steady-state levels of H2O2 in tumor cells, make them vulnerable to oxidative stress and ultimately, cell death. Recently, H2O2-producing therapies-namely, pharmacological ascorbate and superoxide dismutase mimetics-have emerged as compelling complementary treatment strategies in cancer. Both pharmacological ascorbate and superoxide dismutase mimetics can generate excess H2O2 to overwhelm the impaired H2O2 removal capacity of cancer cells. This review presents an overview of H2O2 metabolism in the physiological and malignant states, in addition to discussing the anti-tumor and normal tissue-sparing mechanism(s) of, and clinical evidence for, two H2O2-based therapies, pharmacological ascorbate and superoxide dismutase mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kranti A. Mapuskar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (A.Z.); (M.S.P.); (B.G.A.)
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Settar A, Khaldoun H, Tarzaali D, Djennane N, Makhlouf C, Selmani I, Yasmine O, Amel K. Lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole caused biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations in male rabbit liver: Ameliorative effect of vitamins A, D, E, C mixture. Toxicology 2023; 487:153464. [PMID: 36813254 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides can cause serious environmental and human health consequences such as metabolic disruption and even cancers. Preventive molecules such as vitamins can be an effective solution. The present study aimed to investigate the toxic effect of an insecticide mixture formulation of lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole (Ampligo® 150 ZC), on the liver of male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and the possible ameliorative effect of vitamins A, D3, E, and C mixture. For that, 18 male rabbits were divided into 3 equal groups: Control (distilled water), AP (20 mg/Kg bw of the insecticide mixture every other day, orally for 28 days), AP+ADEC (20 mg/Kg bw of the insecticide mixture + 0,5 ml of vitamin AD3E+ 200 mg/kg bw of vitamin C every other day). The effects were evaluated on body weight, food intake changes, biochemical parameters, liver histology, and immunohistochemical expression of AFP, Bcl2, E-cadherin, Ki67, and P53. Results indicated that AP reduced weight gain (6.71%) and feed intake, increased ALT, ALP, and TC plasma levels, and caused hepatic tissular damages such as dilatation and congestion of the central vein, sinusoidal dilatation, inflammatory cells infiltration, and collagen deposition. Hepatic immunostaining showed an increase in the tissular expression of AFP, Bcl2, Ki67, and P53 and a significant (p < 0,05) decrease in E-cadherin expression. In contrast, supplementation of vitamins A, D3, E, and C mixture improved the previous observed alterations. Our study revealed that a sub-acute exposure to an insecticide mixture of lambda cyhalothrin and chlorantraniliprole induced numerous functional and structural disorders in the rabbit liver and the addition of vitamins ameliorated these damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Settar
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment and Health, Department of Agri-food, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria.
| | - Hassina Khaldoun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
| | - Dalila Tarzaali
- Institute of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
| | - Nacima Djennane
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Bab El Oued, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Chahrazed Makhlouf
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
| | - Ichrak Selmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
| | | | - Khaldoune Amel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Route de Soumaa, BP270, Blida, Algeria
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Tripathi AM, Khan S, Chaudhury NK. Radiomitigation by Melatonin in C57BL/6 Mice: Possible Implications as Adjuvant in Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy. In Vivo 2022; 36:1203-1221. [PMID: 35478105 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine), a chief secretory molecule of the pineal gland, has multiple properties, and numerous clinical investigations regarding its actions are in progress. This study investigated the radiomitigative role of melatonin in C57BL/6 mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Melatonin (100 mg/kg) was orally administered once daily starting at 1 h on day 1 and subsequently every 24 h until day 7 after whole-body irradiation (WBI) and survival was monitored for 30 days. The bone marrow, spleen, and intestine were studied to evaluate the mitigative potential of melatonin after radiation-induced damage. RESULTS Melatonin significantly improved the survival upto 60% and 90% after 9 Gy (lethal) and 7.5 Gy (sub-lethal) WBI, respectively. Melatonin alleviated WBI-induced myelosuppression and pancytopenia, and increased white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet, and lymphocyte (CD4+ and CD8+) counts in peripheral blood. Bone marrow and spleen cellularity were restored through enhanced haematopoiesis. Melatonin ameliorated the damage in the small intestine, and promoted recovery of villi length, crypts number, and goblet cell count. CONCLUSION Melatonin mitigates the radiation-induced injury in the gastrointestinal and haematopoietic systems. The observed radiomitigative properties of melatonin can also be useful in the context of adjuvant therapy for cancer and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanchha Mani Tripathi
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Defence Research & Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Shahanshah Khan
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Defence Research & Development Organization, Delhi, India
| | - Nabo Kumar Chaudhury
- Division of Radiation Biodosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Defence Research & Development Organization, Delhi, India
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Utilization of Pharmacological Ascorbate to Enhance Hydrogen Peroxide-Mediated Radiosensitivity in Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910880. [PMID: 34639220 PMCID: PMC8509557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in the use of pharmacological ascorbate as a treatment for cancer has increased considerably since it was introduced by Cameron and Pauling in the 1970s. Recently, pharmacological ascorbate has been used in preclinical and early-phase clinical trials as a selective radiation sensitizer in cancer. The results of these studies are promising. This review summarizes data on pharmacological ascorbate (1) as a safe and efficacious adjuvant to cancer therapy; (2) as a selective radiosensitizer of cancer via a mechanism involving hydrogen peroxide; and (3) as a radioprotector in normal tissues. Additionally, we present new data demonstrating the ability of pharmacological ascorbate to enhance radiation-induced DNA damage in glioblastoma cells, facilitating cancer cell death. We propose that pharmacological ascorbate may be a general radiosensitizer in cancer therapy and simultaneously a radioprotector of normal tissue.
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Renner O, Burkard M, Michels H, Vollbracht C, Sinnberg T, Venturelli S. Parenteral high‑dose ascorbate - A possible approach for the treatment of glioblastoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 58:35. [PMID: 33955499 PMCID: PMC8104923 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For glioblastoma, the treatment with standard of care therapy comprising resection, radiation, and temozolomide results in overall survival of approximately 14-18 months after initial diagnosis. Even though several new therapy approaches are under investigation, it is difficult to achieve life prolongation and/or improvement of patient's quality of life. The aggressiveness and progression of glioblastoma is initially orchestrated by the biological complexity of its genetic phenotype and ability to respond to cancer therapy via changing its molecular patterns, thereby developing resistance. Recent clinical studies of pharmacological ascorbate have demonstrated its safety and potential efficacy in different cancer entities regarding patient's quality of life and prolongation of survival. In this review article, the actual glioblastoma treatment possibilities are summarized, the evidence for pharmacological ascorbate in glioblastoma treatment is examined and questions are posed to identify current gaps of knowledge regarding accessibility of ascorbate to the tumor area. Experiments with glioblastoma cell lines and tumor xenografts have demonstrated that high-dose ascorbate induces cytotoxicity and oxidative stress largely selectively in malignant cells compared to normal cells suggesting ascorbate as a potential therapeutic agent. Further investigations in larger cohorts and randomized placebo-controlled trials should be performed to confirm these findings as well as to improve delivery strategies to the brain, through the inherent barriers and ultimately to the malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Renner
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, D‑70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Burkard
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, D‑70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Holger Michels
- Pascoe Pharmazeutische Praeparate GmbH, D‑35394 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, D‑72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sascha Venturelli
- Department of Nutritional Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, D‑70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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DiCarlo AL, Perez Horta Z, Rios CI, Satyamitra MM, Taliaferro LP, Cassatt DR. Study logistics that can impact medical countermeasure efficacy testing in mouse models of radiation injury. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:S151-S167. [PMID: 32909878 PMCID: PMC7987915 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1820599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To address confounding issues that have been noted in planning and conducting studies to identify biomarkers of radiation injury, develop animal models to simulate these injuries, and test potential medical countermeasures to mitigate/treat damage caused by radiation exposure. METHODS The authors completed an intensive literature search to address several key areas that should be considered before embarking on studies to assess efficacy of medical countermeasure approaches in mouse models of radiation injury. These considerations include: (1) study variables; (2) animal selection criteria; (3) animal husbandry; (4) medical management; and (5) radiation attributes. RESULTS It is important to select mouse strains that are capable of responding to the selected radiation exposure (e.g. genetic predispositions might influence radiation sensitivity and proclivity to certain phenotypes of radiation injury), and that also react in a manner similar to humans. Gender, vendor, age, weight, and even seasonal variations are all important factors to consider. In addition, the housing and husbandry of the animals (i.e. feed, environment, handling, time of day of irradiation and animal restraint), as well as the medical management provided (e.g. use of acidified water, antibiotics, routes of administration of drugs, consideration of animal numbers, and euthanasia criteria) should all be addressed. Finally, the radiation exposure itself should be tightly controlled, by ensuring a full understanding and reporting of the radiation source, dose and dose rate, shielding and geometry of exposure, while also providing accurate dosimetry. It is important to understand how all the above factors contribute to the development of radiation dose response curves for a given animal facility with a well-defined murine model. CONCLUSIONS Many potential confounders that could impact the outcomes of studies to assess efficacy of a medical countermeasure for radiation-induced injuries are addressed, and recommendations are made to assist investigators in carrying out research that is robust, reproducible, and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L DiCarlo
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Zulmarie Perez Horta
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carmen I Rios
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Merriline M Satyamitra
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lanyn P Taliaferro
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - David R Cassatt
- Radiation and Nuclear Countermeasures Program (RNCP), Division of Allergy, Immunology and Transplantation (DAIT), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD, USA
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Saga R, Uchida T, Takino Y, Kondo Y, Kobayashi H, Kinoshita M, Saitoh D, Ishigami A, Makishima M. Radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome is exacerbated in vitamin C-insufficient SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Nutrition 2020; 81:110931. [PMID: 32755744 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accidental exposure to high-dose radiation causes life-threatening acute radiation syndrome, features that include gastrointestinal syndrome (GIS) and hematopoietic syndrome (HS). Administration of vitamin C (VC), a free radical scavenger, has been reported to increase survival of mice in GIS and HS models. The effect of nutritional VC status on radiation injury remains unknown because, unlike humans, mice can synthesize VC. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of VC insufficiency on acute radiation syndrome using senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30)/gluconolactonase knockout (SMP30-KO) mice. METHODS SMP30-KO mice, which cannot synthesize VC, were given water with or without sufficient VC supplementation, and were analyzed in GIS and HS models. RESULTS In the GIS model, in which bone marrow failure is rescued by bone marrow transplantation, VC-insufficient mice had a lower survival rate than VC-sufficient mice. The intestine of VC-insufficient GIS mice showed epithelial cell atrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased crypt cell proliferation. We observed rapid VC oxidation after total body irradiation in the intestine of mice supplemented with VC-sufficient water. In the HS model, which was not combined with bone marrow transplantation, there was no difference in survival between VC-insufficient and -sufficient mice. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that nutritionally sufficient VC exerts a radioprotective effect against radiation-induced GIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Saga
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Takino
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kondo
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Military Medicine Research Unit, Test and Evaluation Command, Ground Self-Defense Force, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Pathak R, Shah SK, Hauer-Jensen M. Therapeutic potential of natural plant products and their metabolites in preventing radiation enteropathy resulting from abdominal or pelvic irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:493-505. [PMID: 30526224 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1552374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced gastrointestinal injury or radiation enteropathy is an imminent risk during radiation therapy of abdominal or pelvic tumors. Despite remarkable technological advancements in image-guided radiation delivery techniques, the risk of intestinal injury after radiotherapy for abdominal or pelvic cancers has not been completely eliminated. The irradiated intestine undergoes varying degrees of adverse structural and functional changes, which can result in transient or long-term complications. The risk of development of enteropathy depends on dose, fractionation, and quality of radiation. Moreover, the patients' medical condition, age, inter-individual sensitivity to radiation and size of the treatment area are also risk factors of radiation enteropathy. Therefore, strategies are needed to prevent radiotherapy-induced undesirable alteration in the gastrointestinal tract. Many natural plant products, by virtue of their plethora of biological activities, alleviate the adverse effects of radiation-induced injury. The current review discusses potential roles and possible mechanisms of natural plant products in suppressing radiation enteropathy. Natural plant products have the potential to suppress intestinal radiation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupak Pathak
- a Division of Radiation Health Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Sumit K Shah
- b College of Medicine Department of Pathology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
| | - Martin Hauer-Jensen
- a Division of Radiation Health Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , AR , USA
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Schoenfeld JD, Alexander MS, Waldron TJ, Sibenaller ZA, Spitz DR, Buettner GR, Allen BG, Cullen JJ. Pharmacological Ascorbate as a Means of Sensitizing Cancer Cells to Radio-Chemotherapy While Protecting Normal Tissue. Semin Radiat Oncol 2019; 29:25-32. [PMID: 30573181 PMCID: PMC6310038 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemoradiation has remained the standard of care treatment for many of the most aggressive cancers. However, despite effective toxicity to cancer cells, current chemoradiation regimens are limited in efficacy due to significant normal cell toxicity. Thus, efforts have been made to identify agents demonstrating selective toxicity, whereby treatments simultaneously sensitize cancer cells to protect normal cells from chemoradiation. Pharmacological ascorbate (intravenous infusions of vitamin C resulting in plasma ascorbate concentrations ≥20 mM; P-AscH-) has demonstrated selective toxicity in a variety of preclinical tumor models and is currently being assessed as an adjuvant to standard-of-care therapies in several early phase clinical trials. This review summarizes the most current preclinical and clinical data available demonstrating the multidimensional role of P-AscH- in cancer therapy including: selective toxicity to cancer cells via a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated mechanism; action as a sensitizing agent of cancer cells to chemoradiation; a protectant of normal tissues exposed to chemoradiation; and its safety and tolerability in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Schoenfeld
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA
| | - Matthew S Alexander
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; Department of Surgery, Iowa City, IA
| | - Timothy J Waldron
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Zita A Sibenaller
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Garry R Buettner
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA
| | - Joseph J Cullen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Iowa City, IA; Department of Surgery, Iowa City, IA; University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA; The Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Iowa City, IA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA.
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Abd El-Hady AM, Gewefel HS, Badawi MA, Eltahawy NA. Gamma-aminobutyric acid ameliorates gamma rays-induced oxidative stress in the small intestine of rats. THE JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED ZOOLOGY 2017; 78:2. [DOI: 10.1186/s41936-017-0005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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A New Natural Antioxidant Mixture Protects against Oxidative and DNA Damage in Endothelial Cell Exposed to Low-Dose Irradiation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9085947. [PMID: 28852434 PMCID: PMC5567450 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9085947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation during diagnostic procedures increases systemic oxidative stress and predisposes to higher risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease development. Many studies indicated that antioxidants protect against radiation-induced damage and have high efficacy and lack of toxicity in preventing radiation exposure damages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro protective effect of a new antioxidant mixture, named RiduROS, on oxidative stress generation and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by low doses of X-rays in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with RiduROS mixture 24 h before a single exposure to X-rays at an absorbed dose of 0.25 Gy. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was evaluated by fluorescent dye staining and nitric oxide (NO) by the Griess reaction, and DSBs were evaluated as number of γ-H2AX foci. We demonstrated that antioxidant mixture reduced oxidative stress induced by low dose of X-ray irradiation and that RiduROS pretreatment is more effective in protecting against radiation-induced oxidative stress than single antioxidants. Moreover, RiduROS mixture is able to reduce γ-H2AX foci formation after low-dose X-ray exposure. The texted mixture of antioxidants significantly reduced oxidative stress and γ-H2AX foci formation in endothelial cells exposed to low-dose irradiation. These results suggest that RiduROS could have a role as an effective radioprotectant against low-dose damaging effects.
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Oral Administration of Vitamin C, Cimetidine and Famotidine on Micronuclei Induced by Low Dose Radiation in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells. J Biomed Phys Eng 2017; 7:117-126. [PMID: 28580333 PMCID: PMC5447248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many studies, chemicals and natural materials were tested to reduce the harmful effects of radiation. It is known that Famotidine and vitamin C reduce DNA damage. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effect of vitamin C, Cimetidine and Famotidine on gamma-radiation-induced damage on mouse bone marrow. METHODS Six-to-seven week male NMRI mice (28 g ±3) were randomly divided into fourteen groups: control, 2Gy irradiation, six group drugs without irradition (Famotidine, Cimetidine, vitaminC, Fam-Cim, Fam-Vit, Cim-Vit), six groups received drugs and 2Gy radiation with a 60Co |γ|-ray source at room temperature 22 ± 2 °C. The mice were killed 48 hours after irradiation by cervical dislocation. Slides were prepared from bone marrow cells and stained in May-Granwald and Giemsa. Finally, the cells were counted with microscope, frequencies of polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE), normochoromatic erythrocyte (NCE) and their micronuclated cell were recorded. PCE / PCE + NCE were calculated. RESULTS There were significant differences of MNPCE/1000PCE, MNNCE/1000NCE and PCE/PCE+NCE among different groups with similar radiation doses (p≤0.01). Moreover, there were significant differences of MNPCE/1000PCE and PCE/PCE+NCE among different doses of radiation (p≤0.01). While considering MNNCE/1000NCE, there were no significant differences among silimar groups with radiation dose (p˃0.05). CONCLUSION Oral administration of Famotidine, vitamin C and Cimetidine demonstrate reliable and similar radioprotective effects. Additionally, the protective effect of single use of these drugs was similar to the combination form. Thus, the oral use of combination, 48 hours after irradiation cannot induce more radioprotective effect.
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Poindexter SV, Reddy VK, Mittal MK, Williams AM, Washington MK, Harris E, Mah A, Hiebert SW, Singh K, Chaturvedi R, Wilson KT, Lund PK, Williams CS. Transcriptional corepressor MTG16 regulates small intestinal crypt proliferation and crypt regeneration after radiation-induced injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G562-71. [PMID: 25573176 PMCID: PMC4360050 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00253.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid translocation genes (MTGs) are transcriptional corepressors implicated in development, malignancy, differentiation, and stem cell function. While MTG16 loss renders mice sensitive to chemical colitis, the role of MTG16 in the small intestine is unknown. Histological examination revealed that Mtg16(-/-) mice have increased enterocyte proliferation and goblet cell deficiency. After exposure to radiation, Mtg16(-/-) mice exhibited increased crypt viability and decreased apoptosis compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Flow cytometric and immunofluorescence analysis of intestinal epithelial cells for phospho-histone H2A.X also indicated decreased DNA damage and apoptosis in Mtg16(-/-) intestines. To determine if Mtg16 deletion affected epithelial cells in a cell-autonomous fashion, intestinal crypts were isolated from Mtg16(-/-) mice. Mtg16(-/-) and WT intestinal crypts showed similar enterosphere forming efficiencies when cultured in the presence of EGF, Noggin, and R-spondin. However, when Mtg16(-/-) crypts were cultured in the presence of Wnt3a, they demonstrated higher enterosphere forming efficiencies and delayed progression to mature enteroids. Mtg16(-/-) intestinal crypts isolated from irradiated mice exhibited increased survival compared with WT intestinal crypts. Interestingly, Mtg16 expression was reduced in a stem cell-enriched population at the time of crypt regeneration. This is consistent with MTG16 negatively regulating regeneration in vivo. Taken together, our data demonstrate that MTG16 loss promotes radioresistance and impacts intestinal stem cell function, possibly due to shifting cellular response away from DNA damage-induced apoptosis and towards DNA repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenika V. Poindexter
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,7Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Vishruth K. Reddy
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,7Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and ,8Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mukul K. Mittal
- 2Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Amanda M. Williams
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,7Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - M. Kay Washington
- 5Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,7Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Elizabeth Harris
- 5Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,7Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Amanda Mah
- 6Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;
| | - Scott W. Hiebert
- 4Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,7Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Kshipra Singh
- 2Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,2Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee; ,7Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Keith T. Wilson
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,2Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee; ,7Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - P. Kay Lund
- 6Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;
| | - Christopher S. Williams
- 1Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,2Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee; ,7Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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14
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Przybylska-Diaz DA, Schmidt JG, Vera-Jiménez NI, Steinhagen D, Nielsen ME. β-glucan enriched bath directly stimulates the wound healing process in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:998-1006. [PMID: 23770625 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex and well-organized process in which physiological factors and immune mechanisms are involved. A number of different immune modulators have been found to enhance the non-specific defence system in vertebrates, among which β-glucans are the most powerful and extensively investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological impact of two different commercially available β glucan containing products on the wound healing process in carp. Throughout a two week experiment fish were kept either untreated (control), or in water supplemented with the two different types of β-glucans. The wound healing process was monitored using a multispectral visualisation system. The correlation between wound closure and immune response was investigated by measuring the gene expression patterns of IL-1β, IL-6 family member M17, IL-8 and Muc5b, and measurement of production of radical oxygen species. PAMPs/DAMPs stimulation caused by the wounding and or β-glucans resulted in an inflammatory response by activating IL-1β, IL-6 family member M17 and IL-8 and differences in the expression pattern were seen depending on stimuli. IL-1β, IL-6 family member M17 and IL-8 were activated in all wounds regardless of treatment. Expression of all three interleukins was highly up regulated in control wounded muscle already at day 1 post-wounding and decreased at subsequent time-points. The reverse was the case with control wounded skin, where expression increased from day 1 through day 14. The results for the β-glucan treated wounds were more complex. The images showed significantly faster wound contraction in both treated groups compared to the control. The obtained results clearly demonstrated that a β glucan enriched bath promotes the closure of wounds in common carp and induce a local change in cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Przybylska-Diaz
- DTU Food, National Food Institute, Biological Quality Research Group, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK 2860 Søborg, Denmark
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15
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Akpolat M, Gulle K, Topcu-Tarladacalisir Y, Safi Oz Z, Bakkal BH, Arasli M, Ozel Turkcu U. Protection by L-carnitine against radiation-induced ileal mucosal injury in the rat: pattern of oxidative stress, apoptosis and cytokines. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:732-40. [PMID: 23510242 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.787176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we tested the effects of L-carnitine (LC) on radiation-induced ileal mucosal damage. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups. The control group received physiological saline intraperitoneally (i.p.). Radiation-1 and radiation-2 groups received whole-body X-irradiation of 8.3 Gy as a single dose. These groups were sacrificed at the 6th hour and 4th day after irradiation, respectively. The Radiation-1 + LC and the radiation-2 + LC groups received the same dose irradiation plus a daily dose of 200 mg/kg LC. LC was applied one day before and for four days after irradiation. RESULTS The levels of serum monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were significantly higher in the radiation groups when compared with the control. Treatment with LC decreased the serum MCP-1 and IFN-γ levels considerably. In the radiations groups, the Chiu score was significantly elevated compared with that of the control group. However, LC administered prior to the irradiation reduced the severity of mucosal damage. The number of apoptotic cells of the ileal crypt in the irradiated rats increased from the 6th hour after irradiation and then decreased at 4th day. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated that LC may be beneficial to radiation enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Akpolat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
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