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Gilley SP, Ta A, Pryor W, Roper B, Erickson M, Fenton LZ, Tchou MJ, Cotter JM, Moore JM. What Do We C in Children With Scurvy? A Case Series Focused on Musculoskeletal Symptoms. Hosp Pediatr 2024; 14:e98-e103. [PMID: 38234212 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin C deficiency in children commonly presents with musculoskeletal symptoms such as gait disturbance, refusal to bear weight, and bone or joint pain. We aimed to identify features that could facilitate early diagnosis of scurvy and estimate the cost of care for patients with musculoskeletal symptoms related to scurvy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients at a single site with diagnostic codes for vitamin C deficiency, ascorbic acid deficiency, or scurvy. Medical records were reviewed to identify characteristics including presenting symptoms, medical history, and diagnostic workup. The Pediatric Health Information System was used to estimate diagnostic and hospitalization costs for each patient. RESULTS We identified 47 patients with a diagnosis of scurvy, 49% of whom had a neurodevelopmental disorder. Sixteen of the 47 had musculoskeletal symptoms and were the focus of the cost analysis. Three of the 16 had moderate or severe malnutrition, and 3 had overweight or obesity. Six patients presented to an emergency department for care, 11 were managed inpatient, and 3 required critical care. Diagnostic workups included MRI, computed tomography, echocardiogram, endoscopy, lumbar puncture, and/or EEG. Across all patients evaluated, the cost of emergency department utilization, imaging studies, diagnostic procedures, and hospitalization totaled $470 144 (median $14 137 per patient). CONCLUSIONS Children across the BMI spectrum, particularly those with neurodevelopmental disorders, can develop vitamin C deficiency. Increased awareness of scurvy and its signs and symptoms, particularly musculoskeletal manifestations, may reduce severe disease, limit adverse effects related to unnecessary tests/treatments, and facilitate high-value care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allison Ta
- Department of Pediatrics, Sections of Nutrition
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Digestive Health Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - William Pryor
- Departments of Radiology
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brennan Roper
- Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Texas, Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark Erickson
- Orthopedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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2
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Simonit R, Maudet S, Giuffra V, Riccomi G. Infantile scurvy as a consequence of agricultural intensification in the 1st millennium BCE Etruria Campana. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21396. [PMID: 38049537 PMCID: PMC10696072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 1st millennium BCE in Italy was a time of agricultural intensification of staple cereal production which shaped sociocultural, political, and economic spheres of pre-Roman groups. The lifeways and foodways of the Etruscans, the greatest civilization in western Europe before Roman hegemony, are traditionally inferred from secondary written sources, funerary archaeology, archaeobotany, and zooarchaeology. However, no direct data extrapolated from the study of human skeletal remains are available to evaluate the extent to which agricultural intensification and decreased dietary diversity impacted health and the expression of skeletal indicators of metabolic disease. Macroscopic and radiological analyses were conducted on an archaeological skeletal sample of non-adults (n = 29) recovered from Pontecagnano (southern Italy) dating to the Orientalizing period (730-580 BCE). This allowed us to identify five cases of scorbutic non-adults and to assign diagnostic values to skeletal lesions of scurvy that have not been previously described in the literature. The onset of scurvy in the examined sample is related to the increased reliance of Etruscans on crops lacking vitamin C in this period of agricultural intensification. The skeletal expression of scurvy varied among the non-adults, with differences in location and disease severity; these were interpreted considering the age-at-death of the individuals coupled with feeding behaviors and interindividual variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Simonit
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Giuffra
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Riccomi
- Division of Paleopathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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Blouin S, Khani F, Messmer P, Roschger P, Hartmann MA, van Wijnen AJ, Thaler R, Misof BM. Vitamin C Deficiency Deteriorates Bone Microarchitecture and Mineralization in a Sex-Specific Manner in Adult Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1509-1520. [PMID: 37493605 PMCID: PMC10636228 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C (VitC) is essential for bone health, and low VitC serum levels increase the risk for skeletal fractures. If and how VitC affects bone mineralization is unclear. Using micro-computed tomography (μCT), histologic staining, as well as quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI), we assessed the effects of VitC on femoral structure and microarchitecture, bone formation, and bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) in the VitC incompetent Gulo-/- mouse model and wild-type mice. In particular, VitC-supplemented, 20-week-old mice were compared with age-matched counterparts where dietary VitC intake was excluded from week 15. VitC depletion in Gulo-/- mice severely reduced cortical thickness of the diaphyseal shaft and bone volume around the growth plate (eg, bone volume of the primary spongiosa -43%, p < 0.001). Loss of VitC also diminished the amount of newly formed bone tissue as visualized by histology and calcein labeling of the active mineralization front. BMDD analysis revealed a shift to higher calcium concentrations upon VitC supplementation, including higher average (~10% increase in female VitC deficient mice, p < 0.001) and peak calcium concentrations in the epiphyseal and metaphyseal spongiosa. These findings suggest higher bone tissue age. Importantly, loss of VitC had significantly more pronounced effects in female mice, indicating a higher sensitivity of their skeleton to VitC deficiency. Our results reveal that VitC plays a key role in bone formation rate, which directly affects mineralization. We propose that low VitC levels may contribute to the higher prevalence of bone-degenerative diseases in females and suggest leveraging this vitamin against these conditions. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Farzaneh Khani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Phaedra Messmer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus A Hartmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Barbara M Misof
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at Hanusch Hospital of OEGK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Med. Dept. Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Vlok M. Technical note: The use and misuse of threshold diagnostic criteria in paleopathology. Am J Biol Anthropol 2023; 181:326-335. [PMID: 36866523 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Weighted threshold diagnostic criteria approaches have emerged for diseases that involve skeletal/bony tissue that are readily diagnosed in the field of paleopathology such as Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy), Vitamin D deficiency (rickets) and treponemal disease. These criteria differ from traditional differential diagnosis in that they involve standardized inclusion criteria based on the lesion's specificity to the disease. Here I discuss the limitations and benefits of threshold criteria. I argue that while these criteria will benefit from further revision such as inclusion of lesion severity, and the incorporation of exclusion criteria, threshold diagnostic approaches have considerable value in the future of diagnosis in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melandri Vlok
- Sydney Southeast Asia Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Heinrich
- Christopher Heinrich practices in hospital medicine at the Cleveland (Ohio) Clinic Foundation. The author has disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise
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Arakawa K, Inoue H, Ishigami A, Sato A, Takino Y, Tanaka M, Morimoto H, Takahashi N, Uehara M. Release of SMP30 in Extracellular Vesicles under Conditions of Ascorbic Acid Deficiency Is Involved with Acute Phase Response in ODS Rat. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2023; 69:420-427. [PMID: 38171814 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.69.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30) is a senescence marker molecule that exhibits lactonase activity in the ascorbic acid (AsA) biosynthesis pathway, except in primate mammals, including humans. Although numerous studies have shown that hepatic AsA deficiency causes acute-phase responses, details of the relationship between SMP30 expression and acute-phase responses in AsA-deficient conditions remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of AsA deficiency on the relationship between SMP30 and acute liver injury in osteogenic disorder Shionogi (ODS) rats, which have a hereditary defect in AsA biosynthesis. Male-ODS rats (4 wk old) were pair-fed an AsA-free diet with distilled or 0.1% AsA-dissolved water for 14 d. Under AsA-deficient conditions, hepatic SMP30 protein level was decreased and liver injury markers, the serum aspartate aminotransferase/alanine transaminase ratio and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) concentration, were elevated. In contrast, SMP30 protein level in extracellular vesicles (EVs) was significantly increased in addition to the positive acute proteins haptoglobin and asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGPR1), hepatic-derived specific markers expression under AsA-deficient conditions. AsA deficiency also activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) which is linked to EVs release in the liver. These results suggest that the release of SMP30 in EVs by AsA deficiency is involved with acute-phase responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Arakawa
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Hirofumi Inoue
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Ayami Sato
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Yuka Takino
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology
| | - Miori Tanaka
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Hiromu Morimoto
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
| | - Mariko Uehara
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture
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Licata A, Zerbo M, Como S, Cammilleri M, Soresi M, Montalto G, Giannitrapani L. The Role of Vitamin Deficiency in Liver Disease: To Supplement or Not Supplement? Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114014. [PMID: 34836267 PMCID: PMC8620546 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, growing interest has been shown for the impact of dietary requirements and nutritional factors on chronic diseases. As a result, nutritional programs have been reinforced by public health policies. The precise role of micronutrients in chronic liver disease is currently receiving particular attention since abnormalities in vitamin levels are often detected. At present, treatment programs are focused on correcting vitamin deficiencies, which are frequently correlated to higher rates of comorbidities with poor outcomes. The literature reviewed here indicates that liver diseases are often related to vitamin disorders, due to both liver impairment and abnormal intake. More specific knowledge about the role of vitamins in liver disease is currently emerging from various results and recent evidence. The most significant benefits in this area may be observed when improved vitamin intake is combined with a pharmacological treatment that may also affect the progression of the liver disease, especially in the case of liver tumors. However, further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Licata
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-655-2280; Fax: +39-091-655-2156
| | - Maddalena Zerbo
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Silvia Como
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Marcella Cammilleri
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- Internal Medicine & Hepatology Section, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties—PROMISE, University of Palermo Medical School, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.Z.); (S.C.); (M.C.); (M.S.); (G.M.); (L.G.)
- Institute for Biochemical Research and Innovation, National Research Council (CNR), 90146 Palermo, Italy
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8
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Saga R, Uchida T, Takino Y, Kondo Y, Kobayashi H, Kinoshita M, Saitoh D, Ishigami A, Makishima M. Radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome is exacerbated in vitamin C-insufficient SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Nutrition 2020; 81:110931. [PMID: 32755744 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accidental exposure to high-dose radiation causes life-threatening acute radiation syndrome, features that include gastrointestinal syndrome (GIS) and hematopoietic syndrome (HS). Administration of vitamin C (VC), a free radical scavenger, has been reported to increase survival of mice in GIS and HS models. The effect of nutritional VC status on radiation injury remains unknown because, unlike humans, mice can synthesize VC. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of VC insufficiency on acute radiation syndrome using senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30)/gluconolactonase knockout (SMP30-KO) mice. METHODS SMP30-KO mice, which cannot synthesize VC, were given water with or without sufficient VC supplementation, and were analyzed in GIS and HS models. RESULTS In the GIS model, in which bone marrow failure is rescued by bone marrow transplantation, VC-insufficient mice had a lower survival rate than VC-sufficient mice. The intestine of VC-insufficient GIS mice showed epithelial cell atrophy, inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased crypt cell proliferation. We observed rapid VC oxidation after total body irradiation in the intestine of mice supplemented with VC-sufficient water. In the HS model, which was not combined with bone marrow transplantation, there was no difference in survival between VC-insufficient and -sufficient mice. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that nutritionally sufficient VC exerts a radioprotective effect against radiation-induced GIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Saga
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Self-Defense Forces Central Hospital, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uchida
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Takino
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kondo
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Military Medicine Research Unit, Test and Evaluation Command, Ground Self-Defense Force, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Kinoshita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daizoh Saitoh
- Division of Traumatology, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Molecular Regulation of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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9
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Perkins A, Sontheimer C, Otjen JP, Shenoi S. Scurvy Masquerading as Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis or Vasculitis with Elevated Inflammatory Markers: A Case Series. J Pediatr 2020; 218:234-237.e2. [PMID: 31843213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ten patients with scurvy were evaluated by rheumatology; we review their clinical, laboratory, and dietary presentations. Eight patients had developmental delay or autism. All had elevated inflammatory markers. These clinical and laboratory features with imaging findings can mimic rheumatic conditions such as arthritis, vasculitis, and chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Perkins
- School of Public Health, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Jeffrey P Otjen
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Susan Shenoi
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Seattle Children's Hospital and Research Center, Seattle, WA.
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10
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McCall SJ, Clark AB, Luben RN, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT, Myint PK. Plasma Vitamin C Levels: Risk Factors for Deficiency and Association with Self-Reported Functional Health in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1552. [PMID: 31324013 PMCID: PMC6682997 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the demographic and lifestyles factors associated with vitamin C deficiency and to examine the association between plasma vitamin C level and self-reported physical functional health. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study using the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer-Norfolk study. Plasma vitamin C level < 11 µmol/L indicated vitamin C deficiency. Unconditional logistic regression models assessed the association between vitamin C deficiency and potential risk factors. Associations between quartiles of vitamin C and self-reported functional health measured by the 36-item short-form questionnaire (SF-36) were assessed. RESULTS After adjustment, vitamin C deficiency was associated with older age, being male, lower physical activity, smoking, more socially deprived area (Townsend index) and a lower educational attainment. Compared to the highest, those in the lowest quartile of vitamin C were more likely to score in the lowest decile of physical function (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.43 (95%CI: 1.21-1.70)), bodily pain (aOR: 1.29 (95% CI: 1.07-1.56)), general health (aOR: 1.4 (95%CI: 1.18-1.66)), and vitality (aOR: 1.23 (95%CI: 1.04-1.45)) SF-36 scores. CONCLUSIONS Simple public health interventions should be aimed at populations with risk factors for vitamin C deficiency. Poor self-reported functional health was associated with lower plasma vitamin C levels, which may reflect symptoms of latent scurvy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J McCall
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Allan B Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR UK
| | - Phyo Kyaw Myint
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research Group, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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11
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Brand AJ, Lieberman MB, Hajishengallis E. Severe Gingivitis Associated with Ascorbic Acid-Deficiency in a Pediatric Patient. J Dent Child (Chic) 2019; 86:125-128. [PMID: 31395119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plaque-induced gingivitis, a common condition in children, responds well to proper oral hygiene practices. Persistent severe gingivitis, on the other hand, should prompt investigation of etiological factors. Nutritional elements are implicated in periodontal health. This case report describes a pediatric patient with severe persistent gingivitis caused by vitamin C deficiency. The events that led to a diagnosis of scurvy and a resolution of the systemic and localized manifestations of the disease, after vitamin C administration, are presented. It is recommended that vitamin C deficiency be considered in cases of refractory gingivitis, especially in pediatric patients with special health care needs who have aversion to foods rich in ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Brand
- Dr. Brand is a resident, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, The University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
| | - Michael B Lieberman
- Dr. Lieberman is a clinical associate, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, The University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA
| | - Evlambia Hajishengallis
- Dr. Hajishengallis is a professor, graduate program director and chief, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, The University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa., USA;,
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12
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Moore J, Koon HEC. Response to González et al.'s comment upon "Basilar portion porosity: A pathological lesion possibly associated with infantile scurvy". Int J Paleopathol 2018; 20:116. [PMID: 29496210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Moore
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - H E C Koon
- Archaeological Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK.
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13
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González Martín A, Robles Rodríguez FJ, Cambra-Moo O, Rascón Pérez J, Campo Martín M. Comment upon "Basilar portion porosity: A pathological lesion possibly associated with infantile scurvy". Int J Paleopathol 2018; 20:114-115. [PMID: 29496209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A González Martín
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - F J Robles Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - O Cambra-Moo
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Rascón Pérez
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Campo Martín
- Laboratorio de Poblaciones del Pasado (LAPP), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Skovsted GF, Tveden-Nyborg P, Lindblad MM, Hansen SN, Lykkesfeldt J. Vitamin C Deficiency Reduces Muscarinic Receptor Coronary Artery Vasoconstriction and Plasma Tetrahydrobiopterin Concentration in Guinea Pigs. Nutrients 2017; 9:E691. [PMID: 28671625 PMCID: PMC5537806 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (vitC) deficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk, but its specific interplay with arteriolar function is unclear. This study investigates the effect of vitC deficiency in guinea pigs on plasma biopterin status and the vasomotor responses in coronary arteries exposed to vasoconstrictor/-dilator agents. Dunkin Hartley female guinea pigs (n = 32) were randomized to high (1500 mg/kg diet) or low (0 to 50 mg/kg diet) vitC for 10-12 weeks. At euthanasia, coronary artery segments were dissected and mounted in a wire-myograph. Vasomotor responses to potassium, carbachol, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), U46619, sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were recorded. Plasma vitC and tetrahydrobiopterin were measured by HPLC. Plasma vitC status reflected the diets with deficient animals displaying reduced tetrahydrobiopterin. Vasoconstrictor responses to carbachol were significantly decreased in vitC deficient coronary arteries independent of their general vasoconstrictor/vasodilator capacity (p < 0.001). Moreover, in vitC deficient animals, carbachol-induced vasodilator responses correlated with coronary artery diameter (p < 0.001). Inhibition of cyclooxygenases with indomethacin increased carbachol-induced vasoconstriction, suggesting an augmented carbachol-induced release of vasodilator prostanoids. Atropine abolished carbachol-induced vasomotion, supporting a specific muscarinic receptor effect. Arterial responses to SNP, potassium, S6c, U46619 and ET-1 were unaffected by vitC status. The study shows that vitC deficiency decreases tetrahydrobiopterin concentrations and muscarinic receptor mediated contraction in coronary arteries. This attenuated vasoconstrictor response may be linked to altered production of vasoactive arachidonic acid metabolites and reduced muscarinic receptor expression/signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry Freja Skovsted
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Maiken Marie Lindblad
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Stine Normann Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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SCHULTZ-HAUDT SD, FROM SH. COMPARATIVE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF NON-INJURED SKIN CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF NORMAL AND ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENT GUINEA PIGS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 62:465-71. [PMID: 14238485 DOI: 10.1111/apm.1964.62.4.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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JORGENSEN O. ELECTRON-MICROSCOPICAL STUDIES OF GRANULATION TISSUE FORMATION IN OPEN WOUNDS OF ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENT GUINEA PIGS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 60:365-75. [PMID: 14123348 DOI: 10.1111/apm.1964.60.3.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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KOFOED JA, HOUSSAY AB, BOZZINI CE, BARRIORENDO ME. Effects of Adrenalectomy upon Ascorbic Acid Concentration in Periodontal Tissues in Guinea Pigs. J Dent Res 2016; 42:1400-4. [PMID: 14081963 DOI: 10.1177/00220345630420061701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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KIRCHHEINER B. Vitamin C Deficiency and Connective Tissue: Hexosamine, Hexuronic Acid and Hydroxyproline in Costal Cartilage and Intact Skin of the Guinea Pig. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 11:71-80. [PMID: 14310792 DOI: 10.3109/rhe1.1965.11.issue-1-4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tveden-Nyborg P, Vogt L, Schjoldager JG, Jeannet N, Hasselholt S, Paidi MD, Christen S, Lykkesfeldt J. Maternal vitamin C deficiency during pregnancy persistently impairs hippocampal neurogenesis in offspring of guinea pigs. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48488. [PMID: 23119033 PMCID: PMC3485340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While having the highest vitamin C (VitC) concentrations in the body, specific functions of VitC in the brain have only recently been acknowledged. We have shown that postnatal VitC deficiency in guinea pigs causes impairment of hippocampal memory function and leads to 30% less neurons. This study investigates how prenatal VitC deficiency affects postnatal hippocampal development and if any such effect can be reversed by postnatal VitC repletion. Eighty pregnant Dunkin Hartley guinea pig dams were randomized into weight stratified groups receiving High (900 mg) or Low (100 mg) VitC per kg diet. Newborn pups (n = 157) were randomized into a total of four postnatal feeding regimens: High/High (Control); High/Low (Depleted), Low/Low (Deficient); and Low/High (Repleted). Proliferation and migration of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus was assessed by BrdU labeling and hippocampal volumes were determined by stereology. Prenatal VitC deficiency resulted in a significant reduction in postnatal hippocampal volume (P<0.001) which was not reversed by postnatal repletion. There was no difference in postnatal cellular proliferation and survival rates in the hippocampus between dietary groups, however, migration of newborn cells into the granular layer of the hippocampus dentate gyrus was significantly reduced in prenatally deficient animals (P<0.01). We conclude that a prenatal VitC deficiency in guinea pigs leads to persistent impairment of postnatal hippocampal development which is not alleviated by postnatal repletion. Our findings place attention on a yet unrecognized consequence of marginal VitC deficiency during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucile Vogt
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janne G. Schjoldager
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalie Jeannet
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stine Hasselholt
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maya D. Paidi
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan Christen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (JL)
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (SC); (JL)
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The Chemical And Physical Effects Of Ascorbic Acid Deficiency On The Tissues During Wound Healing. Nutr Rev 2009; 17:286-287. [PMID: 13858071 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.1959.tb03643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Ray D, Deshmukh P, Goswami K, Garg N. Antioxidant vitamin levels in sickle cell disorders. Natl Med J India 2007; 20:11-3. [PMID: 17557515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sickle cell disorder is a haemoglobinopathy prevalent in the Vidharbha region of Maharashtra, central India. With recent evidence of oxidative stress in sickle haemoglobinopathy, a possible deficiency of antioxidant vitamins was suspected. METHODS We measured plasma vitamin E, vitamin C and beta-carotene levels in persons with heterozygous (n=80) and homozygous sickle cell state (n=20), and suitable healthy controls for these groups (n=100 and 66, respectively) in a community-based study in the villages near our institution. RESULTS Subjects with heterozygous sickle cell trait had lower vitamin E levels than their respective controls (p < 0.05). Subjects with homozygous sickle cell disease had lower levels of all three vitamins (p < 0.05). Vitamins E and C levels showed a significant positive correlation in both forms of sickle cell disorder. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that there is depletion of the antioxidant vitamins, particularly in severe forms of sickle cell disorder. A trial of administration of therapeutic doses of vitamin E in this condition is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debes Ray
- Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha 442102, Maharashtra
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Abstract
Although health disparities are well documented among minority populations, they have not been fully explained by socio-economic status. We have demonstrated that Puerto Rican elders in Massachusetts are significantly more likely to have physical disability, depression, cognitive impairment, diabetes and other chronic health conditions than do non-Hispanic white elders living in the same neighborhoods. This suggests that the disparity is not due only to physical or neighborhood location, and that other factors must be influencing these differences. In that study, we also showed that the Puerto Rican elders had diets that were limited in diversity and were relatively low in micronutrient content. In our ongoing cohort study within our Boston Puerto Rican Center for Population Health and Health Disparities, we are investigating the relationships between psychosocial stress, its effect on physiologic burden or "allostatic load" and, in turn, how this is associated with the functional outcomes previously identified as areas of health disparity: depression, cognitive impairment and functional limitation. We further propose that the association between life stress, physiologic response and chronic conditions is modified by nutritional status, with a focus on B vitamins and antioxidant vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Tucker
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111-1524, USA
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Abstract
Gulonolactone oxidase (GLO) is the enzyme responsible for the last step of ascorbic acid biosynthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid on GLO activity in a lower vertebrate, the white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus). Both alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid modulated renal GLO activity. The increase of dietary levels of alpha-tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid significantly raised the liver concentrations of these two antioxidants and concomitantly lowered kidney's GLO activity. The results suggest that the enzyme of ascorbic acid synthetic pathway responded to the animal's antioxidant status and that its activity was downregulated by alpha-tocopherol. This is the first record of alpha-tocopherol being involved in the regulation of ascorbic acid synthesis. This new observation may provide a hypothesis for the evolutionary loss of GLO expression in teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Moreau
- School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA
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Bollet AJ. Malnutrition in Civil War armies. Pharos Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Med Soc 2003; 66:18-28. [PMID: 14725189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
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Monks G, Juracek L, Weigand D, Magro C, Cornelison R, Crowson AN. A case of scurvy in an autistic boy. J Drugs Dermatol 2002; 1:67-9. [PMID: 12847759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Monks
- Department of Dermatology, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Abstract
The availability of nitric oxide (NO), which is required for the normal regulation of vascular tone, may be decreased in preeclampsia, thus contributing to the vascular pathogenesis of this pregnancy disorder. Because ascorbate is essential for the decomposition of S-nitrothiols and the release of NO, we speculated that the ascorbate deficiency typical of preeclampsia plasma might result in decreased rates of decomposition of S-nitrosothiols. We tested the hypothesis that total S-nitrosothiol and S-nitrosoalbumin concentrations are increased in preeclampsia plasma, reflecting a decreased release of NO from these major reservoirs of NO. Gestationally matched plasma samples were obtained (before labor or intravenous MgSO(4)) from 21 women with preeclampsia and 21 women with normal pregnancy, and plasma samples were also obtained from 12 nonpregnant women of similar age and body mass index during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. All were nonsmokers. The assay included ultraviolet-induced decomposition of S-nitrosothiols to liberate NO captured by a florigenic reagent, 4,5-diaminofluoresceine, to produce diaminofluoresceine-Triazole. Preeclampsia plasma contained significantly higher concentrations of total S-nitrosothiols (11.1+/-2.9 nmol/mL) than normal pregnancy samples (9.4+/-1.5 nmol/mL). Even greater differences were found between preeclampsia plasma and plasma samples from normal pregnancies and nonpregnant women (294+/-110, 186+/-25, and 151+/-25 pmol/mg protein, respectively) when S-nitrosothiol content was expressed per milligram protein. The albumin fraction contained 49.4% of total plasma S-nitrosothiols in the control samples and 53.7% and 56.8% of plasma S-nitrosothiols in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia, respectively. The level of S-nitrosoalbumin was significantly higher in preeclampsia than in normal pregnancy or nonpregnancy plasma (6.3+/-1.4, 5.1+/-0.7, and 4.2+/-1.0 nmol/mL, respectively). The increased concentration of S-nitrosoalbumin in preeclampsia almost completely accounted for the increased levels of S-nitrosothiols in total plasma. Due to combined increases in nitrosothiols and decreases in protein, the preeclampsia plasma concentration of S-nitrosoalbumin was greatly increased on a per milligram of protein basis (271% and 186% compared with normal nonpregnancy and normal pregnancy plasma, respectively). We conclude that S-nitrosoalbumin and total S-nitrosothiol concentrations are significantly increased in preeclampsia plasma and may reflect insufficient release of NO groups in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Tyurin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15238, USA
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Abstract
Previous studies indicate that benzanthrone, an anthraquinone dye intermediate, caused significant depletion of ascorbic acid (AsA). In this investigation the effect of benzanthrone on the status of different forms of AsA and other bio-antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) was studied. Oral administration of benzanthrone (50, 125 or 250 mg/kg body weight) resulted in a significant increase of urinary AsA levels with a concomitant decrease in the urinary dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) content in both rats and guinea-pigs. Benzanthrone caused a dose-dependent decrease in hepatic, adrenal and serum AsA levels with a subsequent increase in DHA and diketogulonic acid (DKA) levels in both rats and guinea-pigs. Following benzanthrone treatment, rats showed an increase in the scorbutic index (to 1.01-1.21) of the liver, adrenal glands and serum compared to controls (0.12-0.24). The scorbutic indices of liver, adrenal glands and serum were also substantially increased (to 3.61-11.20) in benzanthrone-treated guinea-pigs compared to controls (0.16-0.38). Single oral administration of benzanthrone to guinea-pigs caused a dose-dependent depletion of GSH in liver (15-51%), adrenal glands (27-64%) and serum (32-86%). Furthermore, the depletion of GSH by benzanthrone in rats was of a lesser degree. This suggests that continued exposure of guinea-pigs to benzanthrone may lead to scurvy-type changes in this animal species but not to the same extent in rats, since the latter has the enzymatic capacity to synthesise AsA. Therefore, it can be hypothesised that benzanthrone per se, or its metabolites, interact with reduced GSH thereby causing its depletion. Furthermore, in order to replenish the depleted GSH levels, AsA might be oxidized to DHA and hence the decrease in AsA with the simultaneous increase in DHA was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dwivedi
- Dyes and Food Adulterant Toxicology Laboratory, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
The skin of severely scorbutic guinea pigs which were losing weight contained no detectible neutral salt-extractible collagen. Conditions of growth (weight gain) which actively induced the formation of neutral salt-extractible collagen in the skin of normal guinea pigs failed to do so in the animal with ascorbic acid deficiency. No excess of non-collagenous proline was found in neutral salt extracts of scorbutic skin as compared with normal. Fractionation of these extracts failed to reveal the presence of significant amounts of a soluble component containing unusual proportions of glycine and proline relative to hydroxyproline. It is concluded that deficiency of ascorbic acid either interferes with the synthesis of new collagen in intact skin or causes its destruction and removal as rapidly as it is produced.
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BACCHUS H, DEBONS AF, LEVIN S, WALLACE JW. Ketone body metabolism in ascorbic acid deficiency: in vivo utilization of ketone bodies in guinea pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000; 196:607-10. [PMID: 13627233 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1959.196.3.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood and urinary levels of ketone bodies were studied in normal, ascorbic acid-deficient, and pair-fed control, guinea pigs. The resting levels of ketone bodies in the blood and urine throughout the course of ascorbic acid-deficiency do not differ significantly from those of control animals. The ketonemic response to fasting is greater in the control animals than in the ascorbic acid-deficient animals. The disappearance of injected ketone bodies (ß-hydroxybutyrate) is decreased in the ascorbic acid-deficient animal. The data suggest that in ascorbic acid-deficiency there is a decreased utilization of ketone bodies coupled with a decreased spontaneous ketogenesis.
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Abstract
Subadult scurvy is not well documented in archeological human remains despite the existence of many biomedical references indicating that bone changes do occur in some cases and, because of this, should be observable in human burials. There are several potential reasons for this gap in our knowledge of scurvy. Not all children who suffered from scurvy died of the disease or from other causes when they had scurvy. Scurvy may not leave characteristic bone changes in every case of the disease. Some of the pathological conditions associated with scurvy have been known for many years, but these features may be rare or difficult to differentiate from other pathological conditions. Recently a lesion of the skull has been described that is probably pathognomonic for scurvy, specifically porous and sometimes hypertrophic lesions of the greater wing of the sphenoid. This lesion is bilateral and highly associated with evidence of inflammation at other anatomical sites in the skull. A survey of subadult skulls (N = 363) in the human skeletal collection from Peru at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, reveals a prevalence of 10% of skulls that exhibit plausible evidence of scurvy. Some cases of scurvy also have cribra orbitalia that has been attributed to anemia. In most of the Peruvian scurvy cases, anemia is an unlikely possibility because there is no evidence of marrow hyperplasia. This highlights the need for caution in using lesions of the orbit as an indicator of anemia when there is no other evidence of this disease elsewhere in the skeleton. Anatomical evidence of scurvy offers the potential of providing new and important evidence of diet in archeological human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Ortner
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
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Story DA, Ronco C, Bellomo R. Trace element and vitamin concentrations and losses in critically ill patients treated with continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Crit Care Med 1999; 27:220-3. [PMID: 9934919 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-199901000-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the blood concentrations of a number of trace elements and vitamins in critically ill patients and examine their elimination by continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). SETTING Intensive care unit of a tertiary institution. DESIGN Prospective, controlled, clinical study. PATIENTS Eight critically ill patients requiring renal replacement therapy, nine patients requiring intensive care treatment but not requiring renal replacement therapy, and nine healthy controls. INTERVENTIONS Measurement of trace element and vitamin concentrations in blood and ultrafiltrate. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Compared with normal volunteers, critically ill patients requiring CVVH had significantly lower median blood concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc. During the first 24 hrs of CVVH, there were no changes in the trace element and vitamin concentrations in blood, nor were there differences between pre- and postfilter samples. Micronutrient losses in the ultrafiltrate were small or undetectable except for Vitamin C, chromium, and copper. Compared with normal volunteers, critically ill patients not requiring CVVH also had significantly lower median blood concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and zinc. There were no differences between the two critically ill groups. CONCLUSIONS The clinical significance of the reductions in blood concentrations of selenium, zinc, vitamin C, and vitamin E in critically ill patients and the ultrafiltrate losses of Vitamin C, copper, and chromium remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Story
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin and Repatriation Medical Center, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
There is substantial evidence for a role of dietary antioxidants in the prevention of cardiovascular disease, but evidence for a protective effect of vitamin C is inconclusive. Two recent reports add to the supporting evidence and provide some new observations. The first study, a 5-year prospective population study of Finnish men, suggests that vitamin C-deficient men may be at increased risk of myocardial infarction. The second study suggests that vitamin C may play a role in preventing manifestations of existing coronary artery disease, rather than in limiting disease progression. Although these results suffer from the limitations of observational studies, they provide impetus for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Jacob
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Presidio of San Francisco, CA 94129, USA
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Abstract
In previous studies, we found that the ascorbic acid (AsA) deficiency caused changes in the amounts of the various forms of cytochrome P450 (P450) in liver microsomes from guinea pigs in a form-specific manner. Thus, the aim of this study was to clarify whether the changes seen in the protein contents of the various forms of P450 were associated with the levels of the expression of their mRNAs. Prior to determining the mRNA level, we isolated four cDNA clones, encoding CYP1A2, CYP3A14, CYP3A15, and CYP3A17, from guinea pig liver cDNA libraries to use them as probes in further experiments. The amino acid sequence of the guinea pig CYP1A2 showed identity ranging from 73 to 77% with those of other mammalian P450s. The amino acid sequences among guinea pig CYP3As had about 94% identities with each other. The AsA deficiency apparently decreased the expression of mRNA for CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. These results were in agreement with the decrease in the content of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 proteins. The amount of P450 protein(s) immunochemically cross-reactive with antibodies to human CYP3A4 was likely unaffected while that of human CYP3A7 tended to be decreased by the AsA deficiency. It suggested that the expression of each CYP3A isozyme was regulated differently by AsA. In fact, the level of mRNA for CYP3A14 was unaffected by the AsA deficiency, while those for CYP3A15 and CYP3A17 were significantly decreased by the AsA deficiency, clearly indicating that the expression of each isozyme within the CYP3A subfamily is differently regulated by AsA. These results support the idea that the transcription of P450 is regulated by AsA in guinea pigs.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases
- Ascorbic Acid/analysis
- Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology
- Ascorbic Acid Deficiency
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/chemistry
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/chemistry
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Guinea Pigs
- Isoenzymes/chemistry
- Isoenzymes/genetics
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Liver/chemistry
- Liver/enzymology
- Male
- Microsomes, Liver/chemistry
- Microsomes, Liver/enzymology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/chemistry
- Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/genetics
- Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mori
- Division of Drug Metabolism, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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King J, Wang Y, Welch RW, Dhariwal KR, Conry-Cantilena C, Levine M. Use of a new vitamin C-deficient diet in a depletion/repletion clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65:1434-40. [PMID: 9129473 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/65.5.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To conduct an inpatient study on the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for vitamin C, we developed a unique vitamin C-deficient diet using a nutrient database and selective menus. Fourteen different menus were developed offering > 300 items with 0-2.4 mg vitamin C per serving. During the 4-6 mo volunteers were hospitalized, daily dietary vitamin C was restricted to < or = 5.0 mg. The mean daily dietary vitamin C intake was < 3.9 mg for the seven study subjects. With concurrent supplementation, the diet provided > or = 85% of the RDA for 17 essential nutrients. Within 3 wk of admission the diet induced vitamin C deficiency as indicated by plasma concentrations, which decreased from 23 +/- 6.9 to 6.9 +/- 2.0 mumol/L. Daily intake of vitamin C and five other nutrients was determined by nutrient database analyses. Mean energy, protein, the iron were 105-185% of the RDA and total and saturated fat were 32% and 10% of energy, respectively. Weight and nutritionally relevant indexes remained normal. Dietary adherence, calculated by the number of days with < or = 5.0 mg vitamin C per total study days, was 88-98% per repletion dose. Computer analyses of menu selections permitted individual preferences to be met while restricting vitamin C intake to < or = 5.0 mg/d. There were no complications from the diet during the depletion and repletion phase. With this diet, ascorbic acid pharmacokinetics for escalating doses could be determined in healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J King
- Department of Nutrition, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1372, USA
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Pemberton J. The BMJ's Nuremberg issue. Nobody died during experiments on vitamin C and vitamin A intakes in Sheffield. BMJ 1997; 314:440. [PMID: 9040399 PMCID: PMC2125893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Abstract
The amino acid composition of collagen is described and the status of knowledge about the synthesis of its unique amino acids, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, presented. This is followed by a schematic overview of collagen metabolism. Scurvy and lathyrism, the only two abnormalities of collagen metabolism which can now be reasonably elucidated at a molecular level, are then discussed in some detail. The paper concludes by stressing the importance of recognizing the role of histoarchitecture and of interactions of collagen with other compounds when studying collagen or its metabolism in the whole animal.
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SAMUEL HS. INFANTILE HYPERCALCAEMIA, NUTRITIONAL RICKETS, AND INFANTILE SCURVY IN GREAT BRITAIN. A BRITISH PAEDIATRIC ASSOCIATION REPORT. Br Med J 1996; 1:1659-61. [PMID: 14147742 PMCID: PMC1814856 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5399.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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