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Rather TB, Parveiz I, Bhat GA, Rashid G, Wani RA, Khan IY, Mudassar S. Evaluation of Forkhead BOX M1 (FOXM1) gene expression in colorectal cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2385-2405. [PMID: 36318377 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00929-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1)-a key cell cycle regulator is a member of the Forkhead transcription factor family. It plays a key role in embryogenesis and cell proliferation and has been strongly linked to various solid tumors. We sought to understand the regulation of FOXM1 in colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as if and to what extent other clinicopathological characteristics are associated with FOXM1. The investigation comprised 98 CRC samples and normal tissues (controls). All colon cancer patients had a colonoscopy and targeted biopsy. All rectal cancer patients had a CT and MRI. Real-time PCR, Immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting were used to evaluate FOXM1 expression, and the findings were analyzed using SPSS (v.26). FOXM1 mRNA and protein expression were substantially upregulated in tumor tissues, with the majority of these proteins localized in nucleo-cytoplasm. Elevated protein levels of FOXM1 were strongly correlated with lower education level, larger tumor size, lymph node status, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), lymph node metastasis (LNM), tumor invasion depth (subserosal and serosal invasion), late stage (III and IV), localization (nucleo-cytoplasmic), intensity (strong) and recurrence. Based on survival analysis, FOXM1 overexpression and nucleo-cytoplasmic localization were associated with shorter disease-free survival while stage and PNI were linked to poorer overall and disease-free survival. According to the results of the Cox regression analysis, stage and PNI were significant predictors of prognosis in CRC patients. FOXM1 expression was elevated in CRC and was linked to reduced disease-free survival. These findings support prior reports and hence FOXM1 can be an important prognostic marker for CRC and a promising therapeutic target. Additionally, we found a link between poor disease-free survival and FOXM1's nucleo-cytoplasmic localization. However, since the sample size of this study was small, further research is needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahseen Bilal Rather
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190011, India
| | - Ishrat Parveiz
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190011, India
| | - Gulzar A Bhat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190011, India
| | - Gowhar Rashid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190011, India
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Amity Medical School, Amity university, Haryana, India
| | - Rauf A Wani
- Department of General Surgery, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, 190011, India
| | - Ishrat Younas Khan
- Department of Pathology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, 190011, India
| | - Syed Mudassar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, 190011, India.
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Thrash HL, Pendergast AM. Multi-Functional Regulation by YAP/TAZ Signaling Networks in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4701. [PMID: 37835395 PMCID: PMC10572014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway transcriptional co-activators, YES-associated protein (YAP) and Transcriptional Co-Activator with PDZ Binding Motif (TAZ), have both been linked to tumor progression and metastasis. These two proteins possess overlapping and distinct functions, and their activities lead to the expression of genes involved in multiple cellular processes, including cell proliferation, survival, and migration. The dysregulation of YAP/TAZ-dependent cellular processes can result in altered tumor growth and metastasis. In addition to their well-documented roles in the regulation of cancer cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion, the YAP/TAZ-dependent signaling pathways have been more recently implicated in cellular processes that promote metastasis and therapy resistance in several solid tumor types. This review highlights the role of YAP/TAZ signaling networks in the regulation of tumor cell plasticity mediated by hybrid and reversible epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) states, and the promotion of cancer stem cell/progenitor phenotypes. Mechanistically, YAP and TAZ regulate these cellular processes by targeting transcriptional networks. In this review, we detail recently uncovered mechanisms whereby YAP and TAZ mediate tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance, and discuss new therapeutic strategies to target YAP/TAZ function in various solid tumor types. Understanding the distinct and overlapping roles of YAP and TAZ in multiple cellular processes that promote tumor progression to metastasis is expected to enable the identification of effective therapies to treat solid tumors through the hyper-activation of YAP and TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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3
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Xie Q, Wang J, Peng X. Dysregulated Forkhead Box (FOX) Genes Association with Survival Prognosis, Anti-tumor Immunity, and Key Targeting Drugs in Colon Adenocarcinoma. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:510-528. [PMID: 38310407 PMCID: PMC10862056 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have revealed that the aberrant expressions of forkhead box (FOX) genes are associated with carcinogenesis. However, the crucial biological functions of the FOX gene in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remain unknown. METHODS The TCGA-COAD dataset (n=328) was utilized for determining the deregulated FOX genes and their association with functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction (PPI), survival prognosis, anti-tumor immunity, cancer-associated pathways, and biological processes in COAD. In addition, we used GSE166427 (GPL13667) as a validation cohort (n=196). Molecular docking studies were applied to perform the drug interactions. RESULTS The FOX genes are deregulated in the COAD (Log2 FC>0.50, P<0.05), and the PPI network of FOX members is substantially related to the enrichment of cancerous signaling, immune responses, and cellular development (FDR<0.05). A worse prognosis for overall survival in COAD individuals is connected with the subgroup of FOX transcripts (P≤0.05). FOXD4, FOXH1, and FOXS1 were identified as predictive variables in the univariate and multivariate Cox regression models (P≤0.05). FOXH1 and FOXS1 are substantially linked to the deregulated immunity in COAD (R>0.20, P<0.01). Furthermore, FOXS1 expression regulates cancer-associated pathways and biological processes (P<0.05). Moreover, FOXD4, FOXH1, and FOXS1 are genetically altered and showed diagnostic efficacy in COAD. We revealed that FOXD4, FOXH1, and FOXS1 are consistently deregulated in GSE166427 (P<0.05). Finally, molecular docking revealed that FOXH1 interacted with various drugs, including belinostat, entinostat, and panobinostat. CONCLUSION The FOX genes have a strong correlation with the poor prognosis for survival, tumor immunity, cancer-associated pathways, and biochemical processes that cause the pathogenesis of COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- International Medical Center/Ward of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Xingchen Peng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
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Tufail M, Wu C. WNT5A: a double-edged sword in colorectal cancer progression. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2023; 792:108465. [PMID: 37495091 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is known to play a crucial role in cancer, and WNT5A is a member of this pathway that binds to the Frizzled (FZD) and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-Like Orphan Receptor (ROR) family members to activate non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways. The WNT5A pathway is involved in various cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion, and polarization. In the case of colorectal cancer (CRC), abnormal activation or inhibition of WNT5A signaling can lead to both oncogenic and antitumor effects. Moreover, WNT5A is associated with inflammation, metastasis, and altered metabolism in cancer cells. This article aims to discuss the molecular mechanisms and dual roles of WNT5A in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tufail
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Tabassum S, Basu M, Ghosh MK. The DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX5 (p68) and β-catenin: The crucial regulators of FOXM1 gene expression in arbitrating colorectal cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA (BBA) - GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194933. [PMID: 36997114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), a vital member of the Forkhead box family of transcription factors, helps in mediating oncogenesis. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the mechanistic insights into the FOXM1 gene regulation. DDX5 (p68), an archetypal member of the DEAD-box family of RNA helicases, shows multifaceted action in cancer progression by arbitrating RNA metabolism and transcriptionally coactivating transcription factors. Here, we report a novel mechanism of alliance between DDX5 (p68) and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in regulating FOXM1 gene expression and driving colon carcinogenesis. Initial bioinformatic analyses highlighted elevated expression levels of FOXM1 and DDX5 (p68) in colorectal cancer datasets. Immunohistochemical assays confirmed that FOXM1 showed a positive correlation with DDX5 (p68) and β-catenin in both normal and colon carcinoma patient samples. Overexpression of DDX5 (p68) and β-catenin increased the protein and mRNA expression profiles of FOXM1, and the converse correlation occurred during downregulation. Mechanistically, overexpression and knockdown of DDX5 (p68) and β-catenin elevated and diminished FOXM1 promoter activity respectively. Additionally, Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated the occupancy of DDX5 (p68) and β-catenin at the TCF4/LEF binding element (TBE) sites on the FOXM1 promoter. Thiostrepton delineated the effect of FOXM1 inhibition on cell proliferation and migration. Colony formation assay, migration assay, and cell cycle data reveal the importance of the DDX5 (p68)/β-catenin/FOXM1 axis in oncogenesis. Collectively, our study mechanistically highlights the regulation of FOXM1 gene expression by DDX5 (p68) and β-catenin in colorectal cancer.
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Jeong JH, Ryu JH. Urushiol V Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Enhances Antitumor Activity of 5-FU in Human Colon Cancer Cells by Downregulating FoxM1. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2022; 30:257-264. [PMID: 35264465 PMCID: PMC9047495 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumor. 5-FU is commonly used for the treatment of CRC. However, the development of drug resistance in tumor chemotherapy can seriously reduce therapeutic efficacy of 5-FU. Recent data show that FoxM1 is associated with 5-FU resistance in CRC. FoxM1 plays a critical role in the carcinogenesis and drug resistance of several malignancies. It has been reported that urushiol V isolated from the cortex of Rhus verniciflua Stokes is cytotoxic to several types of cancer cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for its antitumor activity and its potential to attenuate the chemotherapeutic resistance in CRC cells remain unknown. Here, we found that urushiol V could inhibit the cell proliferation and induced S-phase arrest of SW480 colon cancer cells. It inhibited protein expression level of FoxM1 through activation of AMPK. We also investigated the combined effect of urushiol V and 5-FU. The combination treatment reduced FoxM1 expression and consequently reduced cell growth and colony formation in 5-FU resistant colon cancer cells (SW480/5-FUR). Taken together, these result suggest that urushiol V from Rhus verniciflua Stokes can suppress cell proliferation by inhibiting FoxM1 and enhance the antitumor capacity of 5-FU. Therefore, urushiol V may be a potential bioactive compound for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
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Fayyaz F, Yazdanpanah N, Rezaei N. Cytokine-induced killer cells mediated pathways in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:41. [PMID: 35346234 PMCID: PMC8962105 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy is a type of adoptive immunotherapy that due to its high proliferation rate and anti-tumor characteristics, is being investigated to treat various solid tumors. Since advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) has high mortality and poor survival rates, and the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is limited in treatment, the application of CIK cell therapy in CRC has been evaluated in numerous studies. This review aims to summarize the clinical studies that investigated the safety and clinical efficacy of CIK cell therapy in CRC. Therefore, 1,969 enrolled CRC patients in the clinical trials, of which 842 patients received CIK cells in combination with chemotherapy with or without dendritic cell (DC) infusions, were included in the present review. Furthermore, the signaling pathways involved in CIK cell therapy and novel methods for improving migration abilities are discussed.
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Toolabi N, Daliri FS, Mokhlesi A, Talkhabi M. Identification of key regulators associated with colon cancer prognosis and pathogenesis. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:115-127. [PMID: 33770351 PMCID: PMC8688655 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) is the fourth deadliest cancer in the world. New insights into prognostication might be helpful to define the optimal adjuvant treatments for patients in routine clinical practice. Here, a microarray dataset with 30 primary tumors and 30 normal samples was analyzed using GEO2R to find differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Then, DAVID, KEGG, ChEA and X2K were used to analyze DEGs-related Gene Ontology, pathways, transcription factors (TFs) and kinases, respectively. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using the STRING database and Cytoscape. The modules and hub genes of DEGs was determined through MCODE and CytoHubba plugins, and the expression of hub genes was verified using GEPIA. To find microRNAs and metabolites associated with DEGs, miRTarBase and HMDB were used, respectively. It was found that 233 and 373 genes were upregulated and downregulated in CC, respectively. GO analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs were mainly involved in mitotic nuclear division and cell division. Top 10 hub genes were identified, including AURKB, CDK1, DLGAP5, AURKA, CCNB2, CCNB1, BUB1B, CCNA2, KIF20A and BUB1. Whereas, FOMX1, E2F7, E2F1, E2F4 and AR were identified as top 5 TFs in CC. Moreover, CDK1, CDC2, MAPK14, ATM and CK2ALPHA was identified as top 5 kinases in CC. miRNAs analysis showed that Hsa-miR-215-5p hsa-miR-193b-3p, hsa-miR-192-5p and hsa-miR-16-5p could target the largest number of CC genes. Taken together, CC-related genes, especially the hub genes, TFs, and metabolites might be used as novel biomarkers for CC, as well as for diagnosis and guiding therapeutic strategies for CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Toolabi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fattane Sam Daliri
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mokhlesi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Talkhabi
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhang Z, Yang W, Li N, Chen X, Ma F, Yang J, Zhang Y, Chai X, Zhang B, Hou X, Luo S, Hua Y. LncRNA MCF2L-AS1 aggravates proliferation, invasion and glycolysis of colorectal cancer cells via the crosstalk with miR-874-3p/FOXM1 signaling axis. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:263-271. [PMID: 32860508 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate a series of biological processes, and their anomalous expression exerts critical roles in progression of multiple malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The present study was designed to provide new ideas and perspectives for the role of lncRNA MCF2L-AS1 and disclose the underlying mechanism in CRC. Herein, we observed that MCF2L-AS1 expression was enriched in CRC tissues and cell lines. Additionally, silencing of MCF2L-AS1 dramatically impeded cell proliferation, invasion and migration capacities of CRC, and distinctly attenuated the expression of invasion associated targets MMP-2 and MMP-9. Moreover, depletion of MCF2L-AS1 apparently restricted the glucose consumption and lactate production, and downregulated GLUT1 and LDHA expression. More importantly, we predicted and verified that MCF2L-AS1 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-874-3p and inversely regulated miR-874-3p expression. Interesting, FOXM1 was identified as direct target of miR-874-3p, and positively modulated by MCF2L-AS1 through sponging miR-874-3p. Mechanistically, MCF2L-AS1 accelerated cell proliferation, invasion and glycolysis through competitively binding to miR-874-3p, leading to enhance FOXM1 expression. Collectively, these outcomes highlighted that MCF2L-AS1 acted as a motivator by modulating the miR-874-3p/FOXM1 axis, thereby aggravating tumorigenesis and glycolysis progress of CRC, disclosing that MCF2L-AS1 may serve as a valuable and promising therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yonglei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - XiaoFei Chai
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Xinfang Hou
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yawei Hua
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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Lee NR, Kim DY, Jin H, Meng R, Chai OH, Kim SH, Park BH, Kim SM. Inactivation of the Akt/FOXM1 Signaling Pathway by Panobinostat Suppresses the Proliferation and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5955. [PMID: 34073071 PMCID: PMC8199011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are a new class of cytostatic agents available for the treatment of various cancers and diseases. Although numerous clinical and pre-clinical trials on the anticancer effects of panobinostat have been conducted, only a few reports have investigated its efficacy in gastric cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of panobinostat in gastric cancer cells. Panobinostat significantly inhibited the cell viability and proliferation of the gastric cancer cell lines SNU484 and SNU638 in a dose-dependent manner; it reduced the colony-forming ability of these cells. Moreover, it induced apoptosis as indicated by increased protein levels of cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase and cleaved caspase-3. Panobinostat induced the G2/M cell cycle arrest in SNU484 and SNU638 cells and subsequently decreased the G2/M phase regulatory-associated protein expression of p-Wee1, Myt1, and Cdc2. Furthermore, panobinostat significantly inhibited the metastasis of SNU484 and SNU638 cells by regulating the expression of MMP-9 and E-cadherin. Further, it decreased the protein levels of p-Akt and forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1). These effects were reversed by the Akt agonist SC79 and were accelerated by the Akt inhibitor LY2940002. Moreover, tumor growth in xenograft animal experiments was suppressed by panobinostat. These results indicated that panobinostat inhibits the proliferation, metastasis, and cell cycle progression of gastric cancer cells by promoting apoptosis and inactivating Akt/FOXM1 signaling. Cumulatively, our present study suggests that panobinostat is a potential drug for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ri Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Da-Yeah Kim
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (D.-Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Hua Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Ruoyu Meng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (D.-Y.K.); (R.M.)
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Seong-Hun Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroentrology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea;
| | - Soo Mi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Korea; (D.-Y.K.); (R.M.)
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Kuai XY, Lei ZY, Liu XS, Shao XY. The Interaction of GLUT1 and FOXM1 Leads to a Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:941-950. [PMID: 32188390 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200318094618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is one of the most common fatal diseases with high morbidity. Alteration of glucose metabolism is one of the hallmarks in the development of CRC. Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) is a key rate-limiting protein in hyperactive glucose metabolism and up-regulated in CRC, however, the underlying mechanism of the altered metabolism in CRC is still unknown. METHODS In this study, immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the expression of GLUT1 and FOXM1 in 135 paired CRC and adjacent normal tissues. The association between the expression of GLUT1/FOXM1 and clinicopathological factors was determined and the correlation between GLUT1 and FOXM1 in CRC was investigated. RESULTS Our results revealed that regardless of tumor location, GLUT1 and FOXM1 were overexpressed in CRC tissues, especially in patients with positive lymph node metastasis and TNM stage III-IV. Furthermore, GLUT1 showed a significantly strong link with FOXM1 in CRC tissue. CONCLUSION Overexpression of GLUT1 and FOXM1 may play critical roles in CRC leading to a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Kuai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Lei
- Department of Radiology, The Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, XiNing, QingHai, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Li HL, Li QY, Jin MJ, Lu CF, Mu ZY, Xu WY, Song J, Zhang Y, Zhang SY. A review: hippo signaling pathway promotes tumor invasion and metastasis by regulating target gene expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2021; 147:1569-1585. [PMID: 33864521 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hippo pathway is widely considered to inhibit cell growth and play an important role in regulating the size of organs. However, recent studies have shown that abnormal regulation of the Hippo pathway can also affect tumor invasion and metastasis. Therefore, finding out how the Hippo pathway promotes tumor development by regulating the expression of target genes provides new ideas for future research on targeted drugs that inhibit tumor progression. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched. RESULTS The search strategy identified 1892 hits and 196 publications were finally included in this review. As the core molecule of the Hippo pathway, YAP/TAZ are usually highly expressed in tumors that undergo invasion and migration and are accompanied by abnormally strong nuclear metastasis. Through its interaction with nuclear transcription factors TEADs, it directly or indirectly regulates and the expressions of target genes related to tumor metastasis and invasion. These target genes can induce the formation of invasive pseudopodia in tumor cells, reduce intercellular adhesion, degrade extracellular matrix (ECM), and cause epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), or indirectly promote through other signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), TGF/Smad, etc, which facilitate the invasion and metastasis of tumors. CONCLUSION This article mainly introduces the research progress of YAP/TAZ which are the core molecules of the Hippo pathway regulating related target genes to promote tumor invasion and metastasis. Focus on the target genes that affect tumor invasion and metastasis, providing the possibility for the selection of clinical drug treatment targets, to provide some help for a more in-depth study of tumor invasion and migration mechanism and the development of clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qian-Yu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Min-Jie Jin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chao-Fan Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei-Yi Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Zhengzhou, 450001, China. .,Zhengzhou University, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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13
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Increased FOXM1 Expression by Cisplatin Inhibits Paclitaxel-Related Apoptosis in Cisplatin-Resistant Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238897. [PMID: 33255409 PMCID: PMC7727786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and paclitaxel are commonly used to treat oral cancer, but their use is often limited because of acquired drug resistance. Here, we tested the effects of combined cisplatin and paclitaxel on three parental (YD-8, YD-9, and YD-38) and three cisplatin-resistant (YD-8/CIS, YD-9/CIS, and YD-38/CIS) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines using cell proliferation assays and combination index analysis. We detected forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) mRNA and protein expression via real-time qPCR and Western blot assays. Cell death of the cisplatin-resistant cell lines in response to these drugs with or without a FOXM1 inhibitor (forkhead domain inhibitory compound 6) was then measured by propidium iodide staining and TdT dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays. In all six OSCC cell lines, cell growth was more inhibited by paclitaxel alone than combination therapy. Cisplatin-induced overexpression of FOXM1 showed the same trend only in cisplatin-resistant cell lines, indicating that it was associated with inhibition of paclitaxel-related apoptosis. In summary, these results suggest that, in three cisplatin-resistant cell lines, the combination of cisplatin and paclitaxel had an antagonistic effect, likely because cisplatin blocks paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. Cisplatin-induced FOXM1 overexpression may explain the failure of this combination.
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14
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Xu M, Shao X, Li H, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Cheng Z. Clinical value and potential association of Rab1A and FoxM1 aberrant expression in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20160. [PMID: 33214609 PMCID: PMC7678875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies with a dismal 5-year survival rate. Our recent study indicated that Rab1A expression was closely related to GLI1 expression. A previous study shows that aberrant overexpression of GLI1 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via FoxM1 overexpression. However, the potential correlation between Rab1A and FoxM1 in CRC remains elusive. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the association of the expression of Rab1A and FoxM1 and to determine the prognosis in 135 CRC tissue and adjacent normal tissues. Using Oncomine datasets, we found that Rab1A and FoxM1 mRNA were obviously upregulated in CRC tissues compared to normal tissues. Additionally, the expression of Rab1A and FoxM1 was significantly higher in CRC tissues than that in normal tissues. Rab1A expression was positively correlated with FoxM1 expression in CRC, especially in TNM stage III. In addition, Rab1A and FoxM1 overexpression was found to be significantly correlated with poor prognosis in CRC patients. Besides, both high expression of Rab1A and FoxM1 led to a worse prognosis than anyone low group, and both low expression of Rab1A and FoxM1 had a better prognosis than the anyone low group. Therefore, Rab1A and FoxM1 play crucial roles and could be used as clinical biomarkers in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhengrong Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chunli Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhengwu Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, No. 2 Zheshan West Road, Jinghu District, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui Province, China.
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15
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Kang K, Choi Y, Kim HH, Yoo KH, Yu S. Predicting FOXM1-Mediated Gene Regulation through the Analysis of Genome-Wide FOXM1 Binding Sites in MCF-7, K562, SK-N-SH, GM12878 and ECC-1 Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176141. [PMID: 32858881 PMCID: PMC7503762 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) is a key transcription factor (TF) that regulates a common set of genes related to the cell cycle in various cell types. However, the mechanism by which FOXM1 controls the common gene set in different cellular contexts is unclear. In this study, a comprehensive meta-analysis of genome-wide FOXM1 binding sites in ECC-1, GM12878, K562, MCF-7, and SK-N-SH cell lines was conducted to predict FOXM1-driven gene regulation. Consistent with previous studies, different TF binding motifs were identified at FOXM1 binding sites, while the NFY binding motif was found at 81% of common FOXM1 binding sites in promoters of cell cycle-related genes. The results indicated that FOXM1 might control the gene set through interaction with the NFY proteins, while cell type-specific genes were predicted to be regulated by enhancers with FOXM1 and cell type-specific TFs. We also found that the high expression level of FOXM1 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in nine types of cancer. Overall, these results suggest that FOXM1 is predicted to function as a master regulator of the cell cycle through the interaction of NFY-family proteins, and therefore the inhibition of FOXM1 could be an attractive strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (S.Y.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3456 (K.K.); +82-43-649-1418 (S.Y.)
| | | | - Hoo Hyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Kyung Hyun Yoo
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics, Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Sungryul Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (S.Y.); Tel.: +82-41-550-3456 (K.K.); +82-43-649-1418 (S.Y.)
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16
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SETD1A Promotes Proliferation of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells via FOXM1 Transcription. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071736. [PMID: 32629770 PMCID: PMC7407996 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy eventually leads to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the histone H3K4 methyltransferase SETD1A is a major regulator for the proliferation of metastatic CRPC (mCRPC). The expression of SETD1A was significantly correlated with the survival rate of patients with prostate cancer. SETD1A, which is expressed at a higher level in mCRPC than in primary prostate cancer cells, promotes the expression of FOXM1, a gene encoding a cell proliferation-specific transcription factor. SETD1A is recruited to the promoter region of FOXM1 (forkhead box M1) upon binding to E2F1, a protein that regulates the transcription of FOXM1 and contributes to the trimethylation of H3K4 in the FOXM1 promoter region. In addition, SETD1A is essential for the expression of stem cell factor (e.g., OCT4, octamer-binding transcription factor 4) and stem cell formation in mCRPC, suggesting the importance of SETD1A expression in mCRPC tumor formation. Notably, poor prognosis is associated with high expression of the SETD1A-FOXM1 pair in clinical data sets. Therefore, our study suggests that SETD1A plays an important role in the proliferation of mCRPC by regulating FOXM1 transcription.
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17
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Jeong JH, Ryu JH. Broussoflavonol B from Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold Exerts Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Activity through Downregulating FoxM1. Molecules 2020; 25:E2328. [PMID: 32429421 PMCID: PMC7287790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate due to poor rates of early diagnosis. One tumor suppressor gene in particular, p53, is frequently mutated in pancreatic cancer, and mutations in p53 can inactivate normal wild type p53 activity and increase expression of transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FoxM1). Overexpression of FoxM1 accelerates cellular proliferation and cancer progression. Therefore, inhibition of FoxM1 represents a therapeutic strategy for treating pancreatic cancer. Broussoflavonol B (BF-B), isolated from the stem bark of Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate whether BF-B exhibits anti-pancreatic cancer activity and if so, identify the underlying mechanism. BF-B reduced cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and inhibited cell migration and invasion of human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells (p53 mutated). Interestingly, BF-B down-regulated FoxM1 expression at both the mRNA and protein level. It also suppressed the expression of FoxM1 downstream target genes, such as cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and survivin. Cell cycle analysis showed that BF-B induced the arrest of G0/G1 phase. BF-B reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK½) and expression of ERK½ downstream effector c-Myc, which regulates cell proliferation. Furthermore, BF-B inhibited cell migration and invasion, which are downstream functional properties of FoxM1. These results suggested that BF-B could repress pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by inactivation of the ERK/c-Myc/FoxM1 signaling pathway. Broussoflavonol B from Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold may represent a novel chemo-therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jae-Ha Ryu
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Korea;
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18
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Sun HL, Men JR, Liu HY, Liu MY, Zhang HS. FOXM1 facilitates breast cancer cell stemness and migration in YAP1-dependent manner. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 685:108349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Cheng L, Wang Q, Tao X, Qin Y, Wu Q, Zheng D, Chai D, Zhang Y, Lu D, Ci H, Wang Z, Ma J, Wang D, Cheng Z, Wu S, Tao Y. FOXM 1 induces Vasculogenic mimicry in esophageal cancer through β-catenin /Tcf4 signaling. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:14. [PMID: 32035486 PMCID: PMC7007660 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-00929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the role of FOXM1, β-catenin and TCF4 in esophageal cancer (EC) and their relationship to VM (Vasculogenic Mimicry). Methods CCK-8 were performed to examine EC cell proliferation in FOXM1 silenced cells. EC cell migration and invasion were investigated through wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The formation of pipe like structures were assessed in 3D cultures. The expression of Foxm1, β-catenin, Tcf4 and E-cadherin were investigated through western blot, RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The relationship between FOXM1 expression, clinic-pathological features, and overall survival (OS) were further analyzed. Results A loss of FOXM1 expression correlated with the OS of ESCC patients. FOXM1 silencing led to a loss of cell growth and suppressed cell migration and invasion in ESCC cells. VM structures were identified in ESCC tissues and human EC cell lines. Mechanistically, FOXM1 was found to promote tumorigenesis through the regulation of β-catenin, Tcf4, and E-cadherin in EC cells, leading to the formation of VM structures. Conclusions These findings highlight FoxM1 as a novel therapeutic target in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Tao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yanzi Qin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dafang Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Damin Chai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dongbing Lu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hongfei Ci
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ma
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Danna Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Zenong Cheng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shiwu Wu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yisheng Tao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Changhuai road 287, Bengbu, Anhui, 233000, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China.
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20
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TRIM6 promotes colorectal cancer cells proliferation and response to thiostrepton by TIS21/FoxM1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:23. [PMID: 31992359 PMCID: PMC6988281 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1504-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripartite motif-containing proteins (TRIM) play a crucial role in carcinogenesis. Little attention has been focused on the possible functions of TRIM6 on carcinogenesis. METHODS The expression levels of TRIM6 were assessed in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples. TRIM6 expression was knocked down in CRC cell lines, and subjected to Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and cell cycle assays. Immunoprecipitation and proteomics analysis was performed to identify potential associated proteins of TRIM6. RESULTS TRIM6 expression was up-regulated in CRC samples and TRIM6 expression may be an independent prognostic marker for CRC. Knocking down TRIM6 expression suppressed CRC cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrested at G2/M phase and increased sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. TIS21, an anti-proliferative protein involved in the regulation of G2/M arrest, was identified as an interaction partner of TRIM6. Moreover, CRC cells with TRIM6 overexpression showed decreased TIS21 protein stability. TIS21 ubiquitination was increased in CRC cells overexpressing TRIM6, but not in those overexpressing TRIM6 E3 catalytic mutant (C15A). Further, Lys5 was essential for TRIM6 mediated TIS21 ubiquitination. TIS21 overexpression reversed the induced effects of TRIM6 overexpression on CRC cell proliferation, and the levels of forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), phosphorylated FoxM1, Cyclin B1 and c-Myc. Thiostrepton, a specific inhibitor for FoxM1, was less effective in anti-proliferative activity against CRC cells with lower level of TRIM6 in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that TRIM6 promotes the progression of CRC via TIS21/FoxM1.
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Yang K, Jiang B, Lu Y, Shu Q, Zhai P, Zhi Q, Li Q. FOXM1 promotes the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer via activation of β-catenin signaling pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:3779-3790. [PMID: 31118796 PMCID: PMC6501701 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our previous study proved that FOXM1 regulates colorectal cancer (CRC) cell metastasis through epithelial–mesenchymal transition program. The aim of this study is to further explore the underlying mechanism of FOXM1 in CRC. Materials and methods In this study, we detected the mRNA and protein expressions of FOXM1 and β-catenin in CRC tissues and their corresponding normal-appearing tissues (NATs) by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and western blot analysis, respectively. Then the potential link between FOXM1 and β-catenin in CRC tissues was analyzed. Furthermore, we systematically analyzed the biological functions of FOXM1 in CRC cells after reconstitution of FOXM1 expression in vitro. Moreover, the mechanism of FOXM1-promoted CRC progression by improving β-catenin nuclear translocation was also discussed. Results Our data demonstrated that FOXM1 and β-catenin were upregulated in CRC tissues compared with the corresponding NATs (P<0.05). Clinicopathologic analysis revealed that increased FOXM1 (or β-catenin) expression positively correlated with some clinicopathologic features, such as tumor size, TNM stage, lymphatic metastasis, and distant metastasis (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the possible relationships between FOXM1 and β-catenin in CRC samples were evaluated using SPSS software, and a significant positive correlation was found (P<0.05). In vitro data demonstrate that elevated FOXM1 expression exerted oncogenic effects on CRC via activation of β-catenin signaling pathway. The inhibition of β-catenin by siRNAs significantly attenuates FOXM1-induced malignant activities. Conclusion The data suggested that FOXM1/β-catenin is critical for malignancy of CRC, which may constitute a potential therapeutic strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankan Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, China,
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, China,
| | - Yecai Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, China,
| | - Qingbing Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, China,
| | - Pan Zhai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, China,
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China,
| | - Qixin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 238000, Anhui, China,
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Laissue P. The forkhead-box family of transcription factors: key molecular players in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:5. [PMID: 30621735 PMCID: PMC6325735 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-0938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly occurring cancer worldwide and the fourth most frequent cause of death having an oncological origin. It has been found that transcription factors (TF) dysregulation, leading to the significant expression modifications of genes, is a widely distributed phenomenon regarding human malignant neoplasias. These changes are key determinants regarding tumour’s behaviour as they contribute to cell differentiation/proliferation, migration and metastasis, as well as resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The forkhead box (FOX) transcription factor family consists of an evolutionarily conserved group of transcriptional regulators engaged in numerous functions during development and adult life. Their dysfunction has been associated with human diseases. Several FOX gene subgroup transcriptional disturbances, affecting numerous complex molecular cascades, have been linked to a wide range of cancer types highlighting their potential usefulness as molecular biomarkers. At least 14 FOX subgroups have been related to CRC pathogenesis, thereby underlining their role for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment purposes. This manuscript aims to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive review of FOX genes’ roles during CRC pathogenesis. The molecular and functional characteristics of most relevant FOX molecules (FOXO, FOXM1, FOXP3) have been described within the context of CRC biology, including their usefulness regarding diagnosis and prognosis. Potential CRC therapeutics (including genome-editing approaches) involving FOX regulation have also been included. Taken together, the information provided here should enable a better understanding of FOX genes’ function in CRC pathogenesis for basic science researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Laissue
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 N° 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Yao Y, Wang X, Jiang L, Shao X, Zhu X, He S. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of FoxM1 expression in colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13899. [PMID: 30593202 PMCID: PMC6314739 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aims to assess the relationship between FoxM1 expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) by summarizing the studies included. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and other sources were searched for relative studies. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were used to assess association between FoxM1 expression and clinical parameters and prognosis of CRC patients. RESULTS Eight studies were included in the final analysis, with 1149 CRC patients. The outcome revealed that expression of FoxM1 was associated with lymph node metastasis (OR = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.19-0.62, P < .001), distant metastasis (OR = 0.35, 95%CI = 0.24-0.46, P < .001) and tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage (OR = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.29-0.72, P < .001). Meanwhile, reduced FoxM1 expression indicated higher 5-year survival rate (OR = 0.38, 95%CI = 0.18-0.78, P = .01). Expression of FoxM1 was also increased obviously in CRC tissues (OR = 13.04, 95%CI = 4.07-41.71, P < .001). CONCLUSION This pooled analysis indicated that FoxM1 expression related to lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM stage and poor prognosis of the CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Xuchao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Linhua Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Xinyu Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University
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24
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Wang Y, Wu M, Lei Z, Huang M, Li Z, Wang L, Cao Q, Han D, Chang Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Xue L, Mao X, Geng J, Chen Y, Dai T, Ren L, Wang Q, Yu H, Chen C, Chu X. Dysregulation of miR-6868-5p/FOXM1 circuit contributes to colorectal cancer angiogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:292. [PMID: 30486864 PMCID: PMC6264626 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a crucial regulator in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, the regulatory mechanisms causing dysregulation of FOXM1 in CRC remain unclear. Methods Dual-luciferase reporter assay was conducted to determine FOXM1 as miR-6868-5p target. The function of miR-6868-5p and FOXM1 in CRC angiogenesis was verified in vitro. Intratumoral injection model was constructed to explore the effect of miR-6868-5p on angiogenesis in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were used to assess direct binding of H3K27me3 to the miR-6868 promoter. Results Through integrated analysis, we identified miR-6868-5p as the potent regulator of FOXM1. Overexpression of miR-6868-5p in CRC cells inhibited the angiogenic properties of co-cultured endothelial cells, whereas silencing of miR-6868-5p had opposite effects. In vivo delivery of miR-6868-5p blocked tumor angiogenesis in nude mice, resulting in tumor growth inhibition. Rescue of FOXM1 reversed the effect of miR-6868-5p on tumor angiogenesis. Further mechanistic study revealed that FOXM1 promoted the production of IL-8, which was responsible for the miR-6868-5p/FOXM1 axis-regulated angiogenesis. Reciprocally, FOXM1 inhibited miR-6868-5p expression through EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 on miR-6868-5p promoter, thus forming a feedback circuit. Clinically, the level of miR-6868-5p was downregulated in CRC tissues and inversely correlated with microvessel density as well as levels of FOXM1 and IL-8 in tumor specimens. Conclusions Together, these data identify miR-6868-5p as a novel determinant of FOXM1 expression and establish a miR-6868-5p/FOXM1 regulatory circuit for CRC angiogenesis, providing potential target for CRC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0970-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meijuan Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zengjie Lei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengxi Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qijun Cao
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dong Han
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Chang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaobei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lijun Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaobei Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hongju Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Departments of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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25
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Qiu J, Zhao J, Zuo A, Liu L, Liu Q, Pan H, Yuan X. Lentiviral RNA interference-mediated downregulation of Forkhead box M1 expression suppresses growth of oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:525-531. [PMID: 30655797 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most fatal types of oral cancer worldwide. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is associated with the occurrence and development of a number of types of human cancer, but its function in OSCC remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the effect of FOXM1 downregulation using lentivirus-mediated short hairpin (sh)RNA against FOXM1 (LV-shFOXM1) in the cell line Tca8113 in vitro. Infection of Tca8113 cells with LV-shFOXM1 inhibited the mRNA and protein expression level of FOXM1. The downregulation of FOXM1 resulted in cell cycle arrest of Tca8113 cells, and the inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion. The protein expression level of cyclins B1 and D1 were downregulated, whereas those of p27 and p21 were upregulated following infection with LV-shFOXM1, compared with the blank control and LV-shCON groups. In addition, FOXM1 downregulation decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and LV-shFOXM1 significantly suppressed OSCC cell viability. Therefore, FOXM1 may be a target for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jiaozhou People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266300, P.R. China
| | - Anjun Zuo
- Medical Services, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoqiao Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Huazheng Pan
- Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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26
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Yu W, Cui X, Wan Z, Yu Y, Liu X, Jin L. Silencing forkhead box M1 promotes apoptosis and autophagy through SIRT7/mTOR/IGF2 pathway in gastric cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:9090-9098. [PMID: 29953672 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) was initially identified as an oncogenic transcription factor, and multiple lines of evidence have demonstrated that FOXM1 is abundantly expressed and plays an irreplaceable role in several types of human cancers. Also, evidence has shown the association of FOXM1 with gastric carcinoma metastasis and patients prognosis; however, the potential role and molecular mechanism of FOXM1 in gastric cancer cell apoptosis are still obscure. The current study indicates that FOXM1 is highly expressed in a variety of gastric carcinoma cell lines, such as BGC823, MGC803, AGS, and SGC-7901, compared with the normal gastric mucosal epithelial cell lines CES-1. FOXM1 silence markedly inhibits AGS and SGC-7901 cell survival and proliferation, increases their apoptosis, and modulates apoptosis-related protein expression, including reduced Bcl-2 level and increased Bax and caspase-3 levels. Further study showed that FOXM1 depletion induced cell autophagy through increasing the level of beclin-1 and decreasing the P62 expression. We next corroborated that FOXM1 silence abolished the expression of Sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) and increased the level of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Finally, our data documented that the SIRT7/mTOR/IGF2 pathway was involved in the function of FOXM1 in AGS cell growth and apoptosis. In conclusion, these results confirmed that FOXM1 is involved in gastric carcinoma progression via the SIRT7/mTOR/IGF2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongyi Wan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhui Yu
- Clinical Lab, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiumin Liu
- Clinical Lab, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lifang Jin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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27
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Nicolau-Neto P, Palumbo A, De Martino M, Esposito F, de Almeida Simão T, Fusco A, Nasciutti LE, Meireles Da Costa N, Ribeiro Pinto LF. UBE2C Is a Transcriptional Target of the Cell Cycle Regulator FOXM1. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040188. [PMID: 29596365 PMCID: PMC5924530 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXM1 (forkhead box protein M1) is a transcription factor that participates in all stages of tumor development, mainly through the control of cell cycle and proliferation, regulating the expression of genes involved in G1/S and G2/M transition and M phase progression. The ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2C) is a member of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome, promoting the degradation of several target proteins along cell cycle progression, during metaphase/anaphase transition. FOXM1 and UBE2C have been found overexpressed in a wide range of different solid tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether UBE2C is a transcriptional target of FOXM1, using esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as a model, in addition to several cancer-deposited data. Our results show that FOXM1 and UBE2C expression present a positive correlation in normal tissues and in 25 distinct tumor types, including ESCC, where these genes are overexpressed. Moreover, FOXM1 binds to UBE2C promoter region in ESCC cell line and transcriptionally activates it, leading to UBE2C upregulation. In conclusion, this study provides evidences that FOXM1 transcriptionally regulates UBE2C expression in ESCC and their deregulation may be a general phenomenon in human neoplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Nicolau-Neto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marco De Martino
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Tatiana de Almeida Simão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87, Fundos, Pavilhão Américo Piquet Carneiro-4° Andar, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Alfredo Fusco
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luiz Eurico Nasciutti
- Laboratório de Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Prédio de Ciências da Saúde-Ilha do Fundão, A. Carlos Chagas, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Meireles Da Costa
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Ribeiro Pinto
- Programa de Carcinogênese Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer-INCA, Rua Andre Cavalcanti 37, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, RJ, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro 87, Fundos, Pavilhão Américo Piquet Carneiro-4° Andar, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, RJ, Brazil.
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28
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Li L, Wu D, Yu Q, Li L, Wu P. Prognostic value of FOXM1 in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32298-32308. [PMID: 28427178 PMCID: PMC5458285 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated studies have provided controversial evidences of the association between Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) expression and survival of human solid tumors. To address this inconsistency, we performed a meta-analysis with 23 studies identified from PubMed and Medline. We found elevated FOXM1-protein expression was significantly associated with worse 3-year overall survival (OS) (OR = 3.30, 95% CI = 2.56 to 4.25, P < 0.00001) 5-year OS (OR =3.35, 95% CI = 2.64 to 4.26, P < 0.00001) and 10-year OS (OR = 5.24, 95% CI = 2.61 to 10.52, P < 0.00001) of human solid tumors. Similar results were observed when disease free survival (DFS) were analyzed. Subgroup analysis showed that FOXM1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatic cancer, lung cancer and ovarian cancer. High expression level of FOXM1 was also associated with advanced tumor stage. In conclusion, elevated FOXM1 expression is associated with poor survival in most solid tumors. FOXM1 is a potential biomarker for prognosis prediction and a promising therapeutic target in human solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Department of Surgery, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dang Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Fourth Ward of Neurosurgery, Division of Nursing, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingdi Li
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Xie T, Geng J, Wang Y, Wang L, Huang M, Chen J, Zhang K, Xue L, Liu X, Mao X, Chen Y, Wang Q, Dai T, Ren L, Yu H, Wang R, Chen L, Chen C, Chu X. FOXM1 evokes 5-fluorouracil resistance in colorectal cancer depending on ABCC10. Oncotarget 2018; 8:8574-8589. [PMID: 28051999 PMCID: PMC5352423 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the most commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, frequently occurred 5-FU resistance poses a great challenge in the clinic. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms and developing effective strategies against 5-FU resistance are highly desired. Here we identified the upregulation of FOXM1 in 5-FU nonresponsive CRC patients by gene expression profile analysis and 5-FU-resistant CRC cells by qRT-PCR assay. Silencing of FOXM1 promoted the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU by enhancing cell apoptosis, while overexpression of FOXM1 conferred CRC cells with 5-FU resistance both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we showed that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of FOXM1 resensitized resistant CRC cells to 5-FU treatment. Mechanistically, FOXM1 promoted the transcription of ABCC10 by directly binding to its promoter region. Notably, treatment with ABCC10 inhibitor reversed FOXM1-induced resistance to 5-FU in vivo. Clinical investigation revealed that the levels of FOXM1 and ABCC10 were positively correlated in CRC tissues. Therefore, FOXM1 promotes 5-FU resistance by upregulating ABCC10, suggesting that FOXM1/ABCC10 axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for 5-FU resistance in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jian Geng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Mengxi Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Lijun Xue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaobei Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaobei Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yanan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Lili Ren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hongju Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Clinical School of Southern Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
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30
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Targeting FOXM1 Improves Cytotoxicity of Paclitaxel and Cisplatinum in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:1602-1609. [PMID: 28692634 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrantly activated FOXM1 (forkhead box protein M1) leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and dysregulation of FOXM1 transcription network occurs in 84% of ovarian cancer cases. It was demonstrated that thiostrepton, a thiazole antibiotic, decreases FOXM1 expression. We aimed to determine if targeting the FOXM1 pathway with thiostrepton could improve the efficacy of paclitaxel and cisplatin in human ovarian cancer ascites cells ex vivo. METHODS Human ovarian cancer cell lines and patients' ascites cells were treated with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and thiostrepton or a combination for 48 hours, and cytotoxicity was assessed. Drug combination effects were determined by calculating the combination index values using the Chou and Talalay method. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine changes in FOXM1 expression and its downstream targets. RESULTS Ovarian cancer cell lines and the patients' ascites cancer cells had an overexpression of FOXM1 expression levels. Targeting FOXM1 with thiostrepton decreased FOXM1 mRNA expression and its downstream targets such as CCNB1 and CDC25B, leading to cell death in both cell lines and patients' ascites cancer cells. Furthermore, addition of thiostrepton to paclitaxel and cisplatin showed synergistic effects in chemoresistant ovarian cancer patients' ascites cells ex vivo. CONCLUSION Targeting FOXM1 may lead to novel therapeutics for chemoresistant epithelial ovarian cancer.
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31
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Wu Y, Peng Y, Wu M, Zhang W, Zhang M, Xie R, Zhang P, Bai Y, Zhao J, Li A, Nan Q, Chen Y, Ren Y, Liu S, Wang J. Oncogene FOXK1 enhances invasion of colorectal carcinoma by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2018; 7:51150-51162. [PMID: 27223064 PMCID: PMC5239465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional factor FOXK1 is a member of the FOX family, involved in the cell growth and metabolism. The higher expression of FOXK1 leads to a variety of diseases and may play an important role in the development of various tumors. However, the role of FOXK1 in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. We demonstrated that FOXK1 was overexpressed in 16 types of solid tumor tissues via tissue multi-array (TMA). We found that FOXK1 induced elevated expressions and transactivities of five major oncogenes in CRC. Moreover, the elevated expression of FOXK1 was showed to be correlated with tumor progression and was a significant predictor of overall survival in CRC patients. Furthermore, it was showed that the depletion of FOXK1 expression could inhibit the migratory and invasive abilities of CRC cells. In contrast, ectopic expression of FOXK1 elicited the opposite effects on these phenotypes in vitro. FOXK1 promoted tumor metastasis through EMT program induction. In addition, TGF-β1 induced FOXK1 expression in a time-dependent pattern and the knockdown of FOXK1 inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT. In vivo, higher expression of FOXK1 promotes CRC cell invasion and metastasis, and induces EMT in CRC as well. Alltogether, it was concluded that the higher expression of FOXK1 could indicate a poor prognosis in CRC patients since that FOXK1 induces EMT and promotes CRC cell invasion in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Mengnan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruyi Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jinjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Aimin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qingzhen Nan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuexin Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jide Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Targeting Foxm1 Improves Cytotoxicity of Paclitaxel and Cisplatinum in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:887-894. [PMID: 28498253 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aberrantly activated FOXM1 (forkhead box protein M1) leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation and dysregulation of FOXM1 transcription network occurs in 84% of ovarian cancer cases. It was demonstrated that thiostrepton, a thiazole antibiotic, decreases FOXM1 expression. We aimed to determine if targeting the FOXM1 pathway with thiostrepton could improve the efficacy of paclitaxel and cisplatin in human ovarian cancer ascites cells ex vivo. METHODS Human ovarian cancer cell lines and patients' ascites cells were treated with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and thiostrepton or a combination for 48 hours, and cytotoxicity was assessed. Drug combination effects were determined by calculating the combination index values using the Chou and Talalay method. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine changes in FOXM1 expression and its downstream targets. RESULTS Ovarian cancer cell lines and the patients' ascites cancer cells had an overexpression of FOXM1 expression levels. Targeting FOXM1 with thiostrepton decreased FOXM1 mRNA expression and its downstream targets such as CCNB1, CDC25B, leading to cell death in both cell lines and patients' ascites cancer cells. Furthermore, addition of thiostrepton to paclitaxel and cisplatin showed synergistic effects in chemoresistant ovarian cancer patients' ascites cells ex vivo. CONCLUSION Targeting FOXM1 may lead to novel therapeutics for chemoresistant epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Poudyal D, Herman A, Adelsberger JW, Yang J, Hu X, Chen Q, Bosche M, Sherman BT, Imamichi T. A novel microRNA, hsa-miR-6852 differentially regulated by Interleukin-27 induces necrosis in cervical cancer cells by downregulating the FoxM1 expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:900. [PMID: 29343703 PMCID: PMC5772045 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that Interleukin-27 differentially regulates the expression of seven novel microRNAs. Here we elucidate the functional significance of these novel microRNAs. Of the seven microRNAs, over expression of miRNA-6852 (miR-SX4) mimic induces cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induces necrosis in HEK293 and panel of cervical cancer cells (Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infected cell lines; HeLa, CaSki and SiHa cells). To define the mechanism of the miR-SX4-mediated G2/M arrest, a microarray gene chip array and western blot analysis were performed. FoxM1, a transcription factor is identified as a key protein down-regulated by miR-SX4, even though the miR-SX4 does not target 3’UTR of FoxM1. Knock down of FoxM1 using si-RNA demonstrate that FoxM1 silenced cell induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and necrosis. Our data demonstrated for the first time that miR-SX4 could be a potent anti-cancer microRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Poudyal
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Andrew Herman
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Joseph W Adelsberger
- AIDS Monitoring Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Marjorie Bosche
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Brad T Sherman
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Tomozumi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Human Retrovirology and Immunoinformatics, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA.
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34
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Yue M, Li S, Yan G, Li C, Kang Z. Paeoniflorin inhibits cell growth and induces cell cycle arrest through inhibition of FoxM1 in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:240-249. [PMID: 29301438 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1407892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) exhibits tumor suppressive functions in a variety of human cancers. However, the function of PF and molecular mechanism in colorectal cancer are elusive. In the present study, we investigated whether PF could exert its antiproliferative activity, anti-migration, and anti-invasive function in colorectal cancer cells. We found that PF inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis and blocked cell cycle progression in the G0/G1 phase in colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, we found that PF suppressed cell migration and invasion in colorectal cancer cells. FoxM1 has been reported to play an important oncogenic role in human cancers. We also determine whether PF inhibited the expression of FoxM1, leading to its anti-cancer activity. We found that PF treatment in colorectal cancer cells resulted in down-regulation of FoxM1. The rescue experiments showed that overexpression of FoxM1 abrogated the tumor suppressive function induced by PF treatment. Notably, depletion of FoxM1 promoted the anti-tumor activity of PF in colorectal cancer cells. Therefore, inhibition of FoxM1 could participate in the anti-tumor activity of PF in colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yue
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , 130021 , China
| | - Shiquan Li
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , 130021 , China
| | - Guoqiang Yan
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , 130021 , China
| | - Chenyao Li
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , 130021 , China
| | - Zhenhua Kang
- a Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin , 130021 , China
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35
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Abdeljaoued S, Bettaieb L, Nasri M, Adouni O, Goucha A, Bouzaiene H, Boussen H, Rahal K, Gamoudi A. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) expression predicts disease free survival and may mediate resistance to chemotherapy and hormonotherapy in male breast cancer. Breast Dis 2018; 37:109-114. [PMID: 29504520 DOI: 10.3233/bd-170315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare and neglected disease. Prognostic and predictive factors in MBC are extrapoled from trials conducted on its female counterpart. OBJECTIVE Since the relationship between the transcription factor Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) expression and the clinical response to chemotherapy and hormonotherapy in MBC remains unknown, we sought to investigate the predictive value of FOXM1 in MBC. METHODS FOXM1 expression was assessed in 130 MBC cases. Clinical significance was analyzed by Kaplan Meier curves, log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS Patients with high FOXM1 expression had a significantly lower response rate to chemotherapy (P = 0.045) and hormonotherapy (P = 0.029) than those with low FOXM1 expression. Multivariate analyses indicated that FOXM1 was an independent prognostic factor for disease free survival in MBC patients (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS FOXM1 may have a reliable predictive significance in male breast cancer and thus may become an important target for male breast cancer therapy in the near future.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms, Male/surgery
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein M1/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein M1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Association Studies
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Tamoxifen/therapeutic use
- Tunisia
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Abdeljaoued
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lhem Bettaieb
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meher Nasri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Adouni
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aida Goucha
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Bouzaiene
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Boussen
- Department of Oncology, Abderrahmen Mami Hospital, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Rahal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amor Gamoudi
- Department of Immuno-Histo-Cytology, Salah Azaïz Cancer Institute, Bab Saadoun, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
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Jung CK, Jung SH, Yim SH, Jung JH, Choi HJ, Kang WK, Park SW, Oh ST, Kim JG, Lee SH, Chung YJ. Predictive microRNAs for lymph node metastasis in endoscopically resectable submucosal colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:32902-15. [PMID: 27096956 PMCID: PMC5078061 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) in endoscopically resected T1-stage colorectal cancers (CRCs) can reduce unnecessary surgeries. To identify miRNA markers that can predict LNM in T1-stage CRCs, the study was conducted in two phases; (I) miRNA classifier construction by miRNA-array and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) using 36 T1-stage CRC samples; (II) miRNA classifier validation in an independent set of 20 T1-stage CRC samples. The expression of potential downstream target genes of miRNAs was assessed by immunohistochemistry. In the discovery analysis by miRNA microarray, expression of 66 miRNAs were significantly different between LNM-positive and negative CRCs. After qRT-PCR validation, 11 miRNAs were consistently significant in the combined classifier construction set. Among them, miR-342-3p was the most significant one (P=4.3×10-4). Through logistic regression analysis, we developed a three-miRNA classifier (miR-342-3p, miR-361-3p, and miR-3621) for predicting LNM in T1-stage CRCs, yielding the area under the curve of 0.947 (94% sensitivity, 85% specificity and 89% accuracy). The discriminative ability of this system was consistently reliable in the independent validation set (83% sensitivity, 64% specificity and 70% of accuracy). Of the potential downstream targets of the three-miRNAs, expressions of E2F1, RAP2B, and AKT1 were significantly associated with LNM. In conclusion, this classifier can predict LNM more accurately than conventional pathologic criteria and our study results may be helpful to avoid unnecessary bowel surgery after endoscopic resection in early CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.,Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Yim
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Han Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Choi
- Department of Hospital Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Kang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Taek Oh
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gi Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea.,Integrated Research Center for Genome Polymorphism, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Vu T, Datta PK. Regulation of EMT in Colorectal Cancer: A Culprit in Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120171. [PMID: 29258163 PMCID: PMC5742819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process during which cells lose their epithelial characteristics, for instance cell polarity and cell-cell contact, and gain mesenchymal properties, such as increased motility. In colorectal cancer (CRC), EMT is associated with an invasive or metastatic phenotype. In this review, we discuss recent studies exploring novel regulation mechanisms of EMT in CRC, including the identification of new CRC EMT regulators. Upregulation of inducers can promote EMT, leading to increased invasiveness and metastasis in CRC. These inducers can downregulate E-cadherin and upregulate N-cadherin and vimentin (VIM) through modulating EMT-related signaling pathways, for instance WNT/β-catenin and TGF-β, and EMT transcription factors, such as zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) and ZEB2. In addition, several microRNAs (miRNAs), including members of the miR-34 and miR-200 families, are found to target mRNAs of EMT-transcription factors, for example ZEB1, ZEB2, or SNAIL. Downregulation of these miRNAs is associated with distant metastasis and advanced stage tumors. Furthermore, the role of EMT in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is also discussed. Mesenchymal markers on the surface of EMT CTCs were found to be associated with metastasis and could serve as potential biomarkers for metastasis. Altogether, these studies indicate that EMT is orchestrated by a complicated network, involving regulators of different signaling pathways. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying EMT in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Vu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | - Pran K Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
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38
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Hamurcu Z, Ashour A, Kahraman N, Ozpolat B. FOXM1 regulates expression of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase and promotes proliferation, invasion and tumorgenesis of human triple negative breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16619-35. [PMID: 26918606 PMCID: PMC4941339 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K), an emerging molecular target for cancer therapy, contributes to cancer proliferation, cell survival, tumorigenesis, and invasion, disease progression and drug resistance. Although eEF2K is highly up-regulated in various cancers, the mechanism of gene regulation has not been elucidated. In this study, we examined the role of Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) proto-oncogenic transcription factor in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells and the regulation of eEF2K. We found that FOXM1 is highly upregulated in TNBC and its knockdown by RNA interference (siRNA) significantly inhibited eEF2K expression and suppressed cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, invasion and induced apoptotic cell death, recapitulating the effects of eEF2K inhibition. Knockdown of FOXM1 inhibited regulators of cell cycle, migration/invasion and survival, including cyclin D1, Src and MAPK-ERK signaling pathways, respectively. We also demonstrated that FOXM1 (1B and 1C isoforms) directly binds to and transcriptionally regulates eEF2K gene expression by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase gene reporter assays. Furthermore, in vivo inhibition of FOXM1 by liposomal siRNA-nanoparticles suppressed growth of MDA-MB-231 TNBC tumor xenografts in orthotopic models. In conclusion, our study provides the first evidence about the transcriptional regulation of eEF2K in TNBC and the role of FOXM1 in mediating breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration/invasion, progression and tumorgenesis and highlighting the potential of FOXM1/eEF2K axis as a molecular target in breast and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Hamurcu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.,Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nermin Kahraman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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39
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Lulla AR, Slifker MJ, Zhou Y, Lev A, Einarson MB, Dicker DT, El-Deiry WS. miR-6883 Family miRNAs Target CDK4/6 to Induce G 1 Phase Cell-Cycle Arrest in Colon Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2017; 77:6902-6913. [PMID: 29061672 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CDK4/6 targeting is a promising therapeutic strategy under development for various tumor types. In this study, we used computational methods and The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset analysis to identify novel miRNAs that target CDK4/6 and exhibit potential for therapeutic development in colorectal cancer. The 3'UTR of CDK4/6 mRNAs are targeted by a family of miRNAs, which includes miR-6883-5p, miR-149*, miR-6785-5p, and miR-4728-5p. Ectopic expression of miR-6883-5p or miR-149* downregulated CDK4 and CDK6 levels in human colorectal cancer cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed an inverse relationship between the expression of CDK4/6 and miR-149* and intronic miRNA-6883-5p encoding the clock gene PER1 in colorectal cancer patient samples. Restoring expression of miR-6883-5p and miR-149* blocked cell growth leading to G0-G1 phase cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. CDK4/6 targeting by miR-6883-5p and miR-149* could only partially explain the observed antiproliferative effects. Notably, both miRNAs synergized with the frontline colorectal cancer chemotherapy drug irinotecan. Further, they resensitized mutant p53-expressing cell lines resistant to 5-fluorouracil. Taken together, our results established the foundations of a candidate miRNA-based theranostic strategy to improve colorectal cancer management. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6902-13. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amriti R Lulla
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Yan Zhou
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Avital Lev
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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40
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The addition of celecoxib improves the antitumor effect of cetuximab in colorectal cancer: role of EGFR-RAS-FOXM1-β- catenin signaling axis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21754-21769. [PMID: 28423516 PMCID: PMC5400621 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we showed that the addition of the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib improved the antitumor efficacy in colorectal cancer (CRC) of the monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab. The addition of celecoxib augmented the efficacy of cetuximab to inhibit cell proliferation and to induce apoptosis in CRC cells. Moreover, the combination of celecoxib and cetuximab was more effective than either treatment alone in reducing the tumor volume in a mouse xenograft model. The combined treatment enhanced the inhibition of EGFR signaling and altered the subcellular distribution of β-catenin. Moreover, knockdown of FOXM1 showed that this transcription factor participates in this enhanced antitumoral response. Besides, the combined treatment decreased β-catenin/FOXM1 interaction and reduced the cancer stem cell subpopulation in CRC cells, as indicated their diminished capacity to form colonospheres. Notably, the inmunodetection of FOXM1 in the nuclei of tumor cells in human colorectal adenocarcinomas was significantly associated with response of patients to cetuximab. In summary, our study shows that the addition of celecoxib enhances the antitumor efficacy of cetuximab in CRC due to impairment of EGFR-RAS-FOXM1-β-catenin signaling axis. Results also support that FOXM1 could be a predictive marker of response of mCRC patients to cetuximab therapy.
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41
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Nandi D, Cheema PS, Jaiswal N, Nag A. FoxM1: Repurposing an oncogene as a biomarker. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 52:74-84. [PMID: 28855104 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed a tremendous progress in understanding the biology of cancer, which has led to more comprehensive approaches for global gene expression profiling and genome-wide analysis. This has helped to determine more sophisticated prognostic and predictive signature markers for the prompt diagnosis and precise screening of cancer patients. In the search for novel biomarkers, there has been increased interest in FoxM1, an extensively studied transcription factor that encompasses most of the hallmarks of malignancy. Considering the attractive potential of this multifarious oncogene, FoxM1 has emerged as an important molecule implicated in initiation, development and progression of cancer. Bolstered with the skill to maneuver the proliferation signals, FoxM1 bestows resistance to contemporary anti-cancer therapy as well. This review sheds light on the large body of literature that has accumulated in recent years that implies that FoxM1 neoplastic functions can be used as a novel predictive, prognostic and therapeutic marker for different cancers. This assessment also highlights the key features of FoxM1 that can be effectively harnessed to establish FoxM1 as a strong biomarker in diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptashree Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pradeep Singh Cheema
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Neha Jaiswal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Alo Nag
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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42
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Zhang W, Duan N, Song T, Li Z, Zhang C, Chen X. The Emerging Roles of Forkhead Box (FOX) Proteins in Osteosarcoma. J Cancer 2017; 8:1619-1628. [PMID: 28775781 PMCID: PMC5535717 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer primarily occurring in children and young adults. Over the past few years, the deregulation of a superfamily transcription factors, known as forkhead box (FOX) proteins, has been demonstrated to contribute to the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Molecular mechanism studies have demonstrated that FOX family proteins participate in a variety of signaling pathways and that their expression can be regulated by multiple factors. The dysfunction of FOX genes can alter osteosarcoma cell differentiation, metastasis and progression. In this review, we summarized the evidence that FOX genes play direct or indirect roles in the development and progression of osteosarcoma, and evaluated the emerging role of FOX proteins as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital affiliated to medical college of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| | - Ning Duan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital affiliated to medical college of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital affiliated to medical college of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital affiliated to medical college of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
| | - Caiguo Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an Hong-Hui Hospital affiliated to medical college of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China, 710054
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Liu C, Rohart F, Simpson PT, Khanna KK, Ragan MA, Lê Cao KA. Integrating Multi-omics Data to Dissect Mechanisms of DNA repair Dysregulation in Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34000. [PMID: 27666291 PMCID: PMC5036051 DOI: 10.1038/srep34000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair genes and pathways that are transcriptionally dysregulated in cancer provide the first line of evidence for the altered DNA repair status in tumours, and hence have been explored intensively as a source for biomarker discovery. The molecular mechanisms underlying DNA repair dysregulation, however, have not been systematically investigated in any cancer type. In this study, we performed a statistical analysis to dissect the roles of DNA copy number alteration (CNA), DNA methylation (DM) at gene promoter regions and the expression changes of transcription factors (TFs) in the differential expression of individual DNA repair genes in normal versus tumour breast samples. These gene-level results were summarised at pathway level to assess whether different DNA repair pathways are affected in distinct manners. Our results suggest that CNA and expression changes of TFs are major causes of DNA repair dysregulation in breast cancer, and that a subset of the identified TFs may exert global impacts on the dysregulation of multiple repair pathways. Our work hence provides novel insights into DNA repair dysregulation in breast cancer. These insights improve our understanding of the molecular basis of the DNA repair biomarkers identified thus far, and have potential to inform future biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Florian Rohart
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Peter T Simpson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research and School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Mark A Ragan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Kim-Anh Lê Cao
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Zhang J, Chen XY, Huang KJ, Wu WD, Jiang T, Cao J, Zhou LS, Qiu ZJ, Huang C. Expression of FoxM1 and the EMT-associated protein E-cadherin in gastric cancer and its clinical significance. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2445-2450. [PMID: 27698811 PMCID: PMC5038505 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) and E-cadherin in tissues of gastric cancer in order to reveal any correlation between FoxM1, E-cadherin and clinicopathological parameters. The association between FoxM1 and E-cadherin in the development and progression of gastric cancer was also investigated. The expression of FoxM1 and E-cadherin in gastric cancer and adjacent normal tissue on tissue microarray was detected using immunohistochemistry. The clinicopathological significance of FoxM1 and E-cadherin in gastric cancer was explored, and the association between FoxM1 and E-cadherin was further examined using statistical techniques. In gastric cancer tissues, the expression of FoxM1 and E-cadherin was strongly positive, but it was weak in normal gastric mucosa. Overexpression of FoxM1 was evident in gastric cancer, and was associated with poor tumor differentiation (P<0.05), advanced tumor state (P<0.05) and lymph node (or distant) metastasis (P<0.05), whereas E-cadherin had the opposite effects. Furthermore, the correlation between FoxM1 and E-cadherin expression in gastric cancer tissue was negative. In conclusion, the high FoxM1 expression and low E-cadherin expression in gastric cancer tissue suggests that these proteins play a critical role in the development and progression of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jian Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Dong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Li-Sheng Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Jun Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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45
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Maekawa A, Kohashi K, Kuda M, Iura K, Ishii T, Endo M, Nakatsura T, Iwamoto Y, Oda Y. Prognostic significance of FOXM1 expression and antitumor effect of FOXM1 inhibition in synovial sarcomas. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:511. [PMID: 27439614 PMCID: PMC4955131 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a soft tissue sarcoma of unknown histogenesis. Most metastatic or unresectable cases are incurable. Novel antitumor agents and precise prognostication are needed for SS patients. The protein forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), which belongs to the FOX family of transcription factors, is considered to be an independent predictor of poor survival in many cancers and sarcomas, but the prognostic implications and oncogenic roles of FOXM1 in SS are poorly understood. Here we examined the correlation between FOXM1 expression and clinicopathologic and prognostic factors, and we investigated the efficacy of FOXM1 target therapy in SS cases. Methods Immunohistochemical study of 106 tumor specimens was conducted to evaluate their immunohistochemical expression of FOXM1. An in vitro study examined the antitumor effect of the FOXM1 inhibitor thiostrepton and small interference RNA (siRNA) on two SS cell lines. We also assessed the efficacy of the combined use of doxorubicin (DOX) and thiostrepton. Results Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that FOXM1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in SS. The cDNA microarray analysis using clinical samples revealed that the expression of cell cycle-associated genes was correlated with FOXM1 expression. FOXM1 inhibition by thiostrepton showed significant antitumor activity on the SS cell lines in vitro. FOXM1 interruption by siRNA increased the chemosensitivity for DOX in both SS cell lines. Conclusion FOXM1 expression is a novel biomarker, and its inhibition is a potential treatment option for SS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2542-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Maekawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kuda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kunio Iura
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishii
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Makoto Endo
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Sun Q, Dong M, Chen Y, Zhang J, Qiao J, Guo X. Prognostic significance of FoxM1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:1269-73. [PMID: 27293846 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.04.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various studies examined the relationship between FoxM1 overexpression with the clinical outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but yielded conflicting results. METHODS Electronic databases updated to Jan 01, 2015 were searched to find relevant studies. A meta-analysis was conducted with eligible studies which quantitatively evaluated the relationship between FoxM1 overexpression and survival of patients with NSCLC Survival data were aggregated and quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS We performed a meta-analysis of seven studies (n=860 patients) that evaluated the correlation between FoxM1 overexpression and survival in patients with NSCLC. Combined hazard ratios suggested that FoxM1 overexpression was associated with poor prognosis of overall survival (OS) (HR =1.73, 95% CI: 1.32-2.14) in patients with NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS FoxM1 overexpression indicates a poor prognosis for patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jinpeng Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Xuedan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
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47
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Maekawa A, Kohashi K, Setsu N, Kuda M, Iura K, Ishii T, Matsunobu T, Nakatsura T, Iwamoto Y, Oda Y. Expression of Forkhead box M1 in soft tissue leiomyosarcoma: Clinicopathologic and in vitro study using a newly established cell line. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:95-102. [PMID: 26560505 PMCID: PMC4724818 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of soft tissue is a sarcoma with smooth‐muscle differentiation, and conventional chemotherapy does not improve its outcome. The application of novel antitumor agents and precise prognostication has been demanded. The expression of the protein Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), a member of the FOX family, is considered an independent predictor of poor survival in many cancers and sarcomas. However, the expression status of FOXM1 in LMS is poorly understood. The purposes of this study were to examine the correlation between the expression of FOXM1 and clinicopathologic or prognostic factors and to clarify the efficacy of FOXM1 target therapy in LMS. We evaluated the immunohistochemical expressions of FOXM1 using 123 LMS tumor specimens. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses revealed that FOXM1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in LMS. An in vitro study was then carried out to examine the antitumor effect of a FOXM1 inhibitor (thiostrepton) and siRNA on a novel LMS cell line, TC616. We also assessed the efficacy of the combined use of doxorubicin and thiostrepton. Thiostrepton showed dose‐dependent antitumor activity and TC616 cells treated with the combination of thiostrepton and doxorubicin showed lower proliferation compared to those treated with either drug individually. FOXM1 interruption by siRNA decreased cell proliferation and increased chemosensitivity. In conclusion, FOXM1 has potential to be a therapeutic target for LMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Maekawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nokitaka Setsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kuda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kunio Iura
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeaki Ishii
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Matsunobu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakatsura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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48
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Ito T, Kohashi K, Yamada Y, Maekawa A, Kuda M, Furue M, Oda Y. Prognostic significance of forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) expression and antitumour effect of FoxM1 inhibition in melanoma. Histopathology 2016; 69:63-71. [PMID: 26619071 DOI: 10.1111/his.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) is a transcription factor that regulates cell-cycle progression and tumour progression, but limited information is available regarding its clinical significance in melanoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of FoxM1 as a therapeutic target in melanoma. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated 60 melanoma clinical samples and a melanoma WM266-4 cell line using immunohistochemical staining and molecular biological approaches. Patients with a FoxM1-overexpressing melanoma had significantly shorter survival [both for melanoma-specific survival (MSS) and disease-free survival (DFS)] than the other patients (P < 0.001, respectively). The FoxM1 overexpression was also an adverse prognostic factor for both MSS and DFS on the Cox multivariate analyses [hazard ratio (HR): 3.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12-14.27, P = 0.032; HR: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.08-9.67, P = 0.037, respectively). FoxM1 inhibition using siRNA and an inhibitor (thiostrepton) each suppressed the cell proliferation of the melanoma cell line. Furthermore, FoxM1 inhibition improved chemosensitivity to dacarbazine, whereas it reduced cell migration and invasion. These results suggest that FoxM1 plays important roles in tumour progression and the chemoresistance of melanoma. CONCLUSION We have shown the prognostic impact of FoxM1 on melanoma patients. FoxM1 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic option for advanced melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Ito
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kohashi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Maekawa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kuda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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49
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Kaller M, Hermeking H. Interplay Between Transcription Factors and MicroRNAs Regulating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions in Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 937:71-92. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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50
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Shiota M, Itsumi M, Takeuchi A, Imada K, Yokomizo A, Kuruma H, Inokuchi J, Tatsugami K, Uchiumi T, Oda Y, Naito S. Crosstalk between epithelial-mesenchymal transition and castration resistance mediated by Twist1/AR signaling in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:889-900. [PMID: 26311513 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although invasive and metastatic progression via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquisition of resistance to castration are both critical steps in prostate cancer, the molecular mechanism of this interaction remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the interaction of signaling between castration resistance and EMT, and to apply this information to the development of a novel therapeutic concept using transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) inhibitor SB525334 combined with androgen-deprivation therapy against prostate cancer using an in vivo model. This study revealed that an EMT inducer (TGF-β) induced full-length androgen receptor (AR) and AR variant expression. In addition, a highly invasive clone showed augmented full-length AR and AR variant expression as well as acquisition of castration resistance. Conversely, full-length AR and AR as well as Twist1 and mesenchymal molecules variant expression were up-regulated in castration-resistant LNCaP xenograft. Finally, TGF-β inhibitor suppressed Twist1 and AR expression as well as prostate cancer growth combined with castration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Twist1/AR signaling was augmented in castration resistant as well as mesenchymal-phenotype prostate cancer, indicating the molecular mechanism of mutual and functional crosstalk between EMT and castration resistance, which may play a crucial role in prostate carcinogenesis and progression.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/physiopathology
- Adenocarcinoma/surgery
- Androgens
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/physiology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/therapeutic use
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/pathology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/physiopathology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/surgery
- Nuclear Proteins/physiology
- Orchiectomy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery
- Quinoxalines/pharmacology
- Quinoxalines/therapeutic use
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Random Allocation
- Receptors, Androgen/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Androgen/chemistry
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Twist-Related Protein 1/physiology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shiota
- Departments of UrologyAnatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-0003, JapanDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Momoe Itsumi
- Departments of UrologyAnatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-0003, JapanDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ario Takeuchi
- Departments of UrologyAnatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-0003, JapanDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Imada
- Departments of UrologyAnatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-0003, JapanDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan Departments of UrologyAnatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-0003, JapanDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Yokomizo
- Departments of UrologyAnatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-0003, JapanDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kuruma
- Departments of UrologyAnatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-0003, JapanDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Inokuchi
- Departments of UrologyAnatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-0003, JapanDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Katsunori Tatsugami
- Departments of UrologyAnatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-0003, JapanDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Uchiumi
- Departments of UrologyAnatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-0003, JapanDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Departments of UrologyAnatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-0003, JapanDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Seiji Naito
- Departments of UrologyAnatomic PathologyGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, JapanDepartment of UrologySchool of Medicine, Jikei University, Tokyo 105-0003, JapanDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineGraduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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