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Sanguedolce F, Falagario UG, Zanelli M, Palicelli A, Zizzo M, Busetto GM, Cormio A, Carrieri G, Cormio L. Integrating the PD-L1 Prognostic Biomarker in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in Clinical Practice-A Comprehensive Review on State-of-the-Art Advances and Critical Issues. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2182. [PMID: 38673455 PMCID: PMC11050441 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), comprising the majority of initial BC presentations, requires accurate risk stratification for optimal management. This review explores the evolving role of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) as a prognostic biomarker in NMIBC, with a particular focus on its implications in the context of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy. The literature suggests a potential association between elevated PD-L1 status and adverse outcomes, resistance to BCG treatment, and disease progression. However, conflicting findings and methodological issues highlight the heterogeneity of PD-L1 assessment in NMIBC, probably due to the complex biological mechanisms that regulate the interaction between PD-L1 and the tumor microenvironment. The identification of PD-L1 as a prognostic biomarker provides ground for tailored therapeutic interventions, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nevertheless, challenges such as intratumoral heterogeneity and technical issues underscore the need for standardized protocols and larger, homogeneous trials. This review contributes to the ongoing debate on the personalized management of NMIBC patients, focusing on the advances and perspectives of incorporating PD-L1 as a biomarker in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ugo Giovanni Falagario
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Foggia, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (U.G.F.); (G.M.B.); (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (A.P.)
| | - Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (M.Z.); (A.P.)
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Foggia, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (U.G.F.); (G.M.B.); (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Angelo Cormio
- Urology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Di Ancona, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Via Conca 71, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Foggia, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (U.G.F.); (G.M.B.); (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Policlinico Foggia, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (U.G.F.); (G.M.B.); (G.C.); (L.C.)
- Department of Urology, Bonomo Teaching Hospital, 76123 Andria, Italy
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Kuol N, Godlewski J, Kmiec Z, Vogrin S, Fraser S, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Cholinergic signaling influences the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors, PD-L1 and PD-L2, and tumor hallmarks in human colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:971. [PMID: 37828429 PMCID: PMC10568879 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells express immunosuppressive molecules, such as programmed death ligands (PD-L)1 and PD-L2, enabling evasion from the host's immune system. Cancer cells synthesize and secrete acetylcholine (ACh), acting as an autocrine or paracrine hormone to promote their proliferation, differentiation, and migration. METHODS We correlated the expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, cholinergic muscarinic receptor 3 (M3R), alpha 7 nicotinic receptor (α7nAChR), and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues with the stage of disease, gender, age, risk, and patient survival. The effects of a muscarinic receptor blocker, atropine, and a selective M3R blocker, 4-DAMP, on the expression of immunosuppressive and cholinergic markers were evaluated in human CRC (LIM-2405, HT-29) cells. RESULTS Increased expression of PD-L1, M3R, and ChAT at stages III-IV was associated with a high risk of CRC and poor survival outcomes independent of patients' gender and age. α7nAChR and PD-L2 were not changed at any CRC stages. Atropine and 4-DAMP suppressed the proliferation and migration of human CRC cells, induced apoptosis, and decreased PD-L1, PD-L2, and M3R expression in CRC cells via inhibition of EGFR and phosphorylation of ERK. CONCLUSIONS The expression of immunosuppressive and cholinergic markers may increase the risk of recurrence of CRC. These markers might be used in determining prognosis and treatment regimens for CRC patients. Blocking cholinergic signaling may be a potential therapeutic for CRC through anti-proliferation and anti-migration via inhibition of EGFR and phosphorylation of ERK. These effects allow the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyanbol Kuol
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA.
| | | | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Sara Vogrin
- Department of Medicine Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medicine Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Melbourne, Australia
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Lu Y, Gu D, Zhao C, Sun Y, Li W, He L, Wang X, Kou Z, Su J, Guo F. Genomic landscape and expression profile of consensus molecular subtype four of colorectal cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1160052. [PMID: 37404825 PMCID: PMC10315486 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1160052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to other subtypes, the CMS4 subtype is associated with lacking of effective treatments and poorer survival rates. Methods A total of 24 patients with CRC were included in this study. DNA and RNA sequencing were performed to acquire somatic mutations and gene expression, respectively. MATH was used to quantify intratumoral heterogeneity. PPI and survival analyses were performed to identify hub DEGs. Reactome and KEGG analyses were performed to analyze the pathways of mutated or DEGs. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis and Xcell were used to categorize the infiltration of immune cells. Results The CMS4 patients had a poorer PFS than CMS2/3. CTNNB1 and CCNE1 were common mutated genes in the CMS4 subtype, which were enriched in Wnt and cell cycle signaling pathways, respectively. The MATH score of CMS4 subtype was lower. SLC17A6 was a hub DEG. M2 macrophages were more infiltrated in the tumor microenvironment of CMS4 subtype. The CMS4 subtype tended to have an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Conclusion This study suggested new perspectives for exploring therapeutic strategies for the CMS4 subtype CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dingyi Gu
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenyi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lulu He
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhongyang Kou
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiang Su
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Tian X, Li Y, Huang Q, Zeng H, Wei Q, Tian P. High PD-L1 Expression Correlates with an Immunosuppressive Tumour Immune Microenvironment and Worse Prognosis in ALK-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:991. [PMID: 37371571 PMCID: PMC10296689 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High tumour programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is associated with poor progression-free survival (PFS) after tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy in ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the characteristics of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and their prognostic values in ALK-rearranged NSCLC are unknown. Here, we collected tumour tissues from pretreated ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients, immunohistochemical staining was used to assess PD-L1 expression, and tumour-infiltrating immune cells were determined via multiplex immunofluorescence staining (mIF). Our data showed that the median values of PFS for the high PD-L1 group and low PD-L1 group who received ALK-TKI treatment were 4.4 and 16.4 months, respectively (p = 0.008). The median overall survival (OS) of the two groups was 24.0 months and not reached, respectively (p = 0.021). Via univariate and multivariate analyses, a high PD-L1 expression and a worse ECOG PS were determined to be independent prognostic factors of OS (HR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.23-9.11, p = 0.018; HR = 6.42, 95% CI: 1.45-28.44, p = 0.014, respectively). In addition, the high PD-L1 group had increased Tregs and exhausted CD8+ T cells in both the tumour and stroma (all p < 0.05). High PD-L1 expression was an adverse predictive and prognostic biomarker for ALK-rearranged NSCLC. The characteristics of the TME in patients with high PD-L1 expression were shown to have an immunosuppressive status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Panwen Tian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China; (X.T.); (Y.L.); (Q.H.); (H.Z.); (Q.W.)
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Shi Y, Mi L, Lai Y, Zhao M, Jia L, Du T, Song Y, Li X. PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assay optimization to provide more comprehensive pathological information in classic Hodgkin lymphoma. J Hematop 2023; 16:7-16. [PMID: 38175373 PMCID: PMC10766715 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-023-00530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of PD-L1 can be a predictive marker for anti-PD-1 therapeutic efficacy in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL); however, harmonization of different IHC assays remains to be accomplished, and interpretations of PD-L1 immunostaining results remain controversial in CHL. In this study, we sought to optimize the PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay in CHL. All tests were performed on a tumour tissue microarray established from 54 CHL cases. Three IHC antibodies (405.9A11, SP142, 22C3) for detecting PD-L1 expression were compared semi quantitatively with the RNAscope assay (No. 310035, ACD), and the difference in the expression in background immune cells (ICs) between assays and the associations of expression levels with densities of TILs/TAMs were also analysed. 405.9A11 demonstrated best specificity in HRS cells and best sensitivity in ICs. Positive expression of PD-L1 was more frequent in ICs (85.2%) than in HRS cells (48.1%). Different subgroups of background ICs, including tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), were assessed and scored for CD4, CD8, FOXP3, and CD163 expression. PD-L1 expression on ICs was the factor most associated with the density of TAMs. 405.9A11 provided the most convincing PD-L1 expression results. Pathologists should report PD-L1 expression in a combined manner, including both the status of HRS cells and the percentage of PD-L1-positive ICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
| | - Lan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Lai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Jia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Du
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghong Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing),department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
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Li D, Ma L, Bao J, Cao L, Min W. PD-L1 Biomolecules Associated with Clinical Features in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2023; 16:1-8. [PMID: 36628329 PMCID: PMC9826606 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s383481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has indicated that several B7 family members play critical roles in the progress of many cancers. However, the clinical significance of the B7 family in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is still elusive. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential role of B7-H1 biomolecules (PD-L1) in regulating the tumorigenesis and progression of cSCC, the most common non-melanoma skin cancer. Methods We collected transcriptome data of cSCC patients from TCGA databases (n = 496) and subjected the transcription data to bioinformatical analysis. Differential expression of B7-H1 genes with a grade-dependent pattern was identified. We collected paraffin sections of skin squamous carcinoma and analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. We further examined the PD-L1 levels of CD14+ cells in peripheral blood of each cSCC patient and normal subjects by flow cytometry. Results It was found that higher expression of PD-L1 was associated with poor prognosis of cSCC patients and shorter overall survival. These observations were further verified in the clinical paraffin sections and in peripheral blood T cells. Conclusion Our study reveals that PD-L1 is a potential prognostic marker in clinical prognosis for cSCC patients and could be valuable for cSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liwen Ma
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Bao
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Cao
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Wei Min, Email
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Blocking Muscarinic Receptor 3 Attenuates Tumor Growth and Decreases Immunosuppressive and Cholinergic Markers in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010596. [PMID: 36614038 PMCID: PMC9820315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells have evolved to express immunosuppressive molecules allowing their evasion from the host's immune system. These molecules include programmed death ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1 and PD-L2). Cancer cells can also produce acetylcholine (ACh), which plays a role in tumor development. Moreover, tumor innervation can stimulate vascularization leading to tumor growth and metastasis. The effects of atropine and muscarinic receptor 3 (M3R) blocker, 1,1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidinium iodide (4-DAMP), on cancer growth and spread were evaluated in vitro using murine colon cancer cell line, CT-26, and in vivo in an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer. In the in vitro model, atropine and 4-DAMP significantly inhibited CT-26 cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner and induced apoptosis. Atropine attenuated immunosuppressive markers and M3R via inhibition of EGFR/AKT/ERK signaling pathways. However, 4-DAMP showed no effect on the expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) on CT-26 cells but attenuated M3R by suppressing the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. Blocking of M3R in vivo decreased tumor growth and expression of immunosuppressive, cholinergic, and angiogenic markers through inhibition of AKT and ERK, leading to an improved immune response against cancer. The expression of immunosuppressive and cholinergic markers may hold potential in determining prognosis and treatment regimens for colorectal cancer patients. This study's results demonstrate that blocking M3R has pronounced antitumor effects via several mechanisms, including inhibition of immunosuppressive molecules, enhancement of antitumor immune response, and suppression of tumor angiogenesis via suppression of the AKT/ERK signaling pathway. These findings suggest a crosstalk between the cholinergic and immune systems during cancer development. In addition, the cholinergic system influences cancer evasion from the host's immunity.
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8
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Mastracci L, Grillo F, Parente P, Gullo I, Campora M, Angerilli V, Rossi C, Sacramento ML, Pennelli G, Vanoli A, Fassan M. PD-L1 evaluation in the gastrointestinal tract: from biological rationale to its clinical application. Pathologica 2022; 114:352-364. [PMID: 36305021 PMCID: PMC9614301 DOI: 10.32074/1591-951x-803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis have brought significant clinical benefit in many solid cancer types, including gastrointestinal malignancies. However, it has been estimated that only 20-40% of patients respond to treatment. The pattern of expression and potential predictive value of PD-L1 as an immunohistochemical biomarker has been extensively studied in gastrointestinal neoplasms. Until now, its predictive value has been demonstrated, and is currently in use only in upper gastrointestinal malignancies (gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma). In this Review, we describe the technical aspects and challenges related to PD-L1 immunohistochemical assays, the current role of PD-L1 as a biomarker in clinical practice and we outline the main studies and clinical trials analyzing the prognostic and predictive value of PD-L1 in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mastracci
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Grillo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology, Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Parente
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Irene Gullo
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto (FMUP), Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Michela Campora
- Public Healthcare Trust of the Autonomous Province of Trento, Santa Chiara Hospital, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pathology Unit, Trento, Italy
| | - Valentina Angerilli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua (PD), Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, and IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Sacramento
- Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
| | - Gianmaria Pennelli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua (PD), Italy
| | - Alessandro Vanoli
- Anatomic Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, and IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Padua (PD), Italy.,Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua (PD), Italy
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9
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Li X, Zhou X, Liu J, Zhang J, Feng Y, Wang F, He Y, Wan A, Filipczak N, Yalamarty SSK, Jin Y, Torchilin VP. Liposomal Co-delivery of PD-L1 siRNA/Anemoside B4 for Enhanced Combinational Immunotherapeutic Effect. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28439-28454. [PMID: 35726706 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Combination therapy has gained a lot of attention thanks to its superior activity against cancer. In the present study, we report a cRGD-targeted liposomal preparation for co-delivery of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) and anemoside B4 (AB4)─AB4/siP-c-L─and evaluate its anticancer efficiency in mouse models of LLC and 4T1 tumors. AB4/siP-c-L showed a particle size of (180.7 ± 7.3) nm and a ζ-potential of (32.8 ± 1.5) mV, with high drug encapsulation, pH-sensitive release properties, and good stability in serum. AB4/siP-c-L demonstrated prolonged blood circulation and increased tumor accumulation. Elevated cellular uptake was dependent on the targeting ligand cRGD. This combination induced significant tumor inhibition in LLC xenograft tumor-bearing mice by downregulating PD-L1 protein expression and modulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Liposomes favored the antitumor T-cell response with long-term memory, without obvious toxicity. A similar tumor growth inhibition was also demonstrated in the 4T1 tumor model. In summary, our results indicate that cRGD-modified and AB4- and PD-L1 siRNA-coloaded liposomes have potential as an antitumor preparation, and this approach may lay a foundation for the development of a new targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Fang Wang
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yao He
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Anping Wan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Nina Filipczak
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Satya Siva Kishan Yalamarty
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yi Jin
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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John P, Pulanco MC, Galbo PM, Wei Y, Ohaegbulam KC, Zheng D, Zang X. The immune checkpoint B7x expands tumor-infiltrating Tregs and promotes resistance to anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2506. [PMID: 35523809 PMCID: PMC9076640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30143-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules play critical roles in regulating the anti-tumor immune response, and tumor cells often exploit these pathways to inhibit and evade the immune system. The B7-family immune checkpoint B7x is widely expressed in a broad variety of cancer types, and is generally associated with advanced disease progression and poorer clinical outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that transduction and stable expression of B7x in multiple syngeneic tumor models leads to the expansion of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). Mechanistically, B7x does not cause increased proliferation of Tregs in tumors, but instead promotes the conversion of conventional CD4+ T cells into Tregs. Further, we find that B7x induces global transcriptomic changes in Tregs, driving these cells to adopt an activated and suppressive phenotype. B7x increases the expression of the Treg-specific transcription factor Foxp3 in CD4+ T cells by modulating the Akt/Foxo pathway. B7x-mediated regulation of Tregs reduces the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 treatment, a therapeutic that partially relies on Treg-depletion. However, combination treatment of anti-B7x and anti-CTLA-4 leads to synergistic therapeutic efficacy and overcomes the B7x-mediated resistance to anti-CTLA-4. Altogether, B7x mediates an immunosuppressive Treg-promoting pathway within tumors and is a promising candidate for combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter John
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Marc C Pulanco
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Phillip M Galbo
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yao Wei
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Kim C Ohaegbulam
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States.
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11
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Zhou B, Lu Y, Zhao Z, Shi T, Wu H, Chen W, Zhang L, Zhang X. B7-H4 expression is upregulated by PKCδ activation and contributes to PKCδ-induced cell motility in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:147. [PMID: 35410218 PMCID: PMC8996430 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02567-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction B7-H4 is overexpressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) and plays an important role in tumor growth and immunosuppression. However, the exact mechanism that regulates B7-H4 expression remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated whether protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) regulates the expression of B7-H4 in CRC. Methods By using immunohistochemical (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining, we analyzed the expression of B7-H4 and phospho-PKCδ (p-PKCδ) in 225 colorectal tumor samples and determined the clinical significance of the expression patterns. In vitro experiments were performed with the CRC cell lines HCT116 and SW620 to detect the effect of PKCδ activation on B7-H4 expression, and xenograft-bearing mice were treated with rottlerin to monitor the expression of B7-H4 and tumor metastasis. Results The B7-H4 expression level was significantly correlated with the p-PKCδ level (r = 0.378, P < 0.001) in tumor tissues. Coexpression of p-PKCδ and B7-H4 was significantly associated with moderate/poor differentiation (P = 0.024), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001) and advanced Dukes’ stage (P = 0.002). Western blot analysis showed that Phorbol-12-Myristate-13-Acetate (TPA) increased B7-H4 expression in a concentration-dependent manner and that rottlerin abrogated the TPA-induced increase in B7-H4 expression. The protein levels of B7-H4 and p-STAT3 were significantly reduced by a PKCδ-specific siRNA. Moreover, the STAT3 inhibitor cryptotanshinone significantly decreased the B7-H4 protein level in CRC cells. Knockdown of B7-H4 or PKCδ suppressed cell migration and motility. Rottlerin also inhibited B7-H4 expression and tumor metastasis in vivo. Conclusion The B7-H4 expression level is significantly correlated with the p-PKCδ level and tumor metastasis in CRC samples. B7-H4 expression is upregulated by STAT3 activation via PKCδ and plays roles in PKCδ-induced cancer cell motility and metastasis, suggesting that the PKCδ/STAT3/B7-H4 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02567-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youwei Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongguo Shi
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongya Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weichang Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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12
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Liu J, Wang X, Deng Y, Yu X, Wang H, Li Z. Research Progress on the Role of Regulatory T Cell in Tumor Microenvironment in the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:766248. [PMID: 34868991 PMCID: PMC8636122 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.766248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex ecosystem comprised of cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells. Analysis of the composition of TME is essential to assess the prognosis of patients with breast cancer (BC) and the efficacy of different regimes. Treg plays a crucial role in the microenvironment of breast cancer subtypes, and its function contributes to the development and progression of BC by suppressing anti-tumor immunity directly or indirectly through multiple mechanisms. In addition, conventional treatments, such as anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and neo-therapies, such as immune-checkpoint blockades, have a significant impact on the absence of Tregs in BC TME, thus gaining additional anti-tumor effect to some extent. Strikingly, Treg in BC TME revealed the predicted efficacy of some therapeutic strategies. All these results suggest that we can manipulate the abundance of Treg to achieve the ultimate effect of both conventional and novel treatments. In this review, we discuss new insights into the characteristics of Treg in BC TME, the impact of different regiments on Treg, and the possibilities of Treg as a predictive marker of efficacy for certain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhan Deng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigao Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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13
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Qiu MJ, Xia Q, Chen YB, Fang XF, Li QT, Zhu LS, Jiang X, Xiong ZF, Yang SL. The Expression of Three Negative Co-Stimulatory B7 Family Molecules in Small Cell Lung Cancer and Their Effect on Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:600238. [PMID: 33937019 PMCID: PMC8082063 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.600238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown significant effects in a variety of solid tumors. However, due to the low incidence of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and its unclear mechanism, immune checkpoints in SCLC have not been fully studied. Methods We evaluated the expression of PD-L1, B7-H3, and B7-H4 in 115 SCLC tissue specimens using immunohistochemistry. The clinical data of patients with SCLC were retrospectively reviewed to investigate three negative co-stimulatory B7 family molecules’ ability to affect the prognosis of SCLC. Results Among the SCLC patients with complete follow-up data (n = 107), sixty-nine (64.49%) expressed moderate to high B7-H3 levels, which correlated positively with tumor sizes (P < 0.001). Eighty (74.77%) patients expressed moderate to high B7-H4 levels, which correlated positively with metastases (P = 0.049). The positive expression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 correlated significantly with shortened overall survival (OS) (B7-H3, P = 0.006; B7-H4, P = 0.019). PD-L1 was positively expressed only in 13.08% of cancer tissues, and there was no significant correlation with prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards regression showed that B7-H3 was an independent prognostic indicator of OS (P = 0.028; HR = 2.125 [95% CI = 0.985-4.462]). Conclusions Our results suggest that B7-H3 has a negative predictive effect on SCLC. This outcome provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent research on immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting B7-H3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jun Qiu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Xia
- Institute of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao-Bing Chen
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xie-Fan Fang
- Department of Toxicology, Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Reno, NV, United States
| | - Qiu-Ting Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Sheng Zhu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Fan Xiong
- Division of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-Li Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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B7-H3 immune checkpoint expression is a poor prognostic factor in colorectal carcinoma. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:2330-2340. [PMID: 32514163 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy has been used successfully in treating many cancers, metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are not as responsive. B7-H3 is a promising target for immunotherapy and we found it to have the highest expression among B7-CD28 family members in CRC. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate B7-H3 expression in a large CRC cohort. B7-H3, B7-H4, and PD-L1 protein levels and differential lymphocyte infiltration were evaluated in tissue microarrays from 805 primary tumors and matched metastases. The relationships between immune markers, patient characteristics, and survival outcomes were determined. B7-H3 (50.9%) was detected in more primary tumors than B7-H4 (29.1%) or PD-L1 (29.2%), and elevated B7-H3 expression was associated with advanced overall stage. Co-expression of B7-H3 only with B7-H4 or PD-L1 was infrequent in primary tumors (6.3%, 5.7%, respectively). Moreover, B7-H3 in primary tumors was positively correlated with their respective expression at metastatic sites (ρ = 0.631; p < 0.001). No significant relationships between B7-H4 and PD-L1 and survival were observed; however, B7-H3 overexpression in primary tumors was significantly related to decreased disease-free survival. A positive relationship between B7-H3 expression and high density CD45RO T cell was observed in primary tumors, whereas B7-H4 and PD-L1 overexpression were related to CD3 T-cell infiltration. In conclusion, compared with B7-H4 and PD-L1, B7-H3 expression exhibited a higher prevalence and was significantly related to aggressiveness, worse prognosis and CD45RO T-cell infiltration in primary tumors. Further exploration of this potential target of immunotherapy in CRC patients is warranted.
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15
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Wang P, Li C, Ma X, Gai X. Clinical significance of the combined measurement of serum B7-H1 and interleukin-10 in colorectal cancer patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20044. [PMID: 32358386 PMCID: PMC7440053 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have been shown to express a cytokine signature that is detectable in serum and contributes to cancer pathogenesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential clinical significance of preoperative circulating cytokine levels in CRC patients.The expression of serum B7-H1 and IL-10 was assessed by ELISA in 89 patients and 64 health volunteers. As a control marker, CEA serum levels were measured by electrochemical luminescence detection. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analysis to demonstrate the potential diagnostic value of these biomarkers.The expression of serum B7-H1 was significantly increased in CRC patients (P = .001) and associated with the progression of TNM stage and a positive association with serum IL-10 levels was also evident. Furthermore, serum B7-H1 and IL-10 expression was not influenced by age, gender, tumor location, or mass, whereas a relationship existed with tumor metastasis and TNM stage. The serum levels of B7-H1 and IL-10 on the 7th postoperative day were significantly decreased compared with that of preoperative serum levels (P = .001, P = .003 respectively). The area under the ROC curves (AUC) for B7-H1 and IL-10 were 0.7063 and 0.5706, respectively. The optimal sensitivity and specificity of B7-H1 for discriminating between colon cancer patients and healthy controls were 85.21% and 56.43%, respectively, using a cut-off value of 3.46 ng/mL. However, the combined ROC analysis using B7-H1 and IL-10 revealed an AUC of 0.8791, with a sensitivity of 90.63% and a specificity of 75.18%.The outcomes of the present study demonstrate the clinical significance of serum B7-H1 and IL-10 concentrations. Combined detection of B7-H1 plus IL-10 showed significantly increased sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls compared these markers detection individual. The measurement of B7-H1 or IL-10 in sera following surgery may provide an additional tool for assessing the curative effects of surgery in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Pathology
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin Province, China
| | | | - Xiaodong Gai
- Department of Pathology
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin Province, China
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16
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Wang X, Li X, Wei X, Jiang H, Lan C, Yang S, Wang H, Yang Y, Tian C, Xu Z, Zhang J, Hao J, Ren H. PD-L1 is a direct target of cancer-FOXP3 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and combined immunotherapy with antibodies against PD-L1 and CCL5 is effective in the treatment of PDAC. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:38. [PMID: 32300119 PMCID: PMC7162990 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of PD-L1 marks the poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC). However, the regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 remains elusive. We recently reported that cancer Forkhead box protein 3 (Cancer-FOXP3 or C-FOXP3) promoted immune evasion of PDAC by recruiting Treg cells into PDAC via upregulation of CCL5. In this study, we confirmed that PD-L1 was overexpressed in PDAC samples from two independent cohorts of patients with radical resection. Moreover, C-FOXP3 was colocalized and correlated with the expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells at the mRNA and protein levels, and this finding was confirmed by the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) revealed that C-FOXP3 directly bound to the promoter region of PD-L1 in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, overexpression of C-FOXP3 activated the luciferase reporter gene under the control of the PD-L1 promoter. However, mutation of the binding motif-a completely reversed the luciferase activity. In addition, C-FOXP3-induced upregulation of PD-L1 effectively inhibited the activity of CD8+ T cells. Based on our recent finding that the CCL-5 antibody achieved a better response to PDAC models with high C-FOXP3 levels, we further demonstrated that the PD-L1 antibody strengthened the antitumor effect of CCL-5 blockade in xenograft and orthotopic mouse models with high C-FOXP3 levels. In conclusion, C-FOXP3 directly activates PD-L1 and represents a core transcription factor that mediates the immune escape of PDAC. Combined blockade of PD-L1 and CCL-5 may provide an effective therapy for patients with PDAC that have high C-FOXP3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, China.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.,Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, China.,Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Haiping Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, China
| | - Chungen Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengyu Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Applied Statistics, College of Science, Hebei University of Technology, 300401, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhui Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, 300134, Tianjin, China
| | - Caijuan Tian
- Tianjin Marvel Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Marvelbio Technology Co., Ltd, 300381, Tianjin, China
| | - Zanmei Xu
- Tianjin Marvel Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Marvelbio Technology Co., Ltd, 300381, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangyan Zhang
- Tianjin Marvel Medical Laboratory, Tianjin Marvelbio Technology Co., Ltd, 300381, Tianjin, China
| | - Jihui Hao
- Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, China.
| | - He Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center of Tumor Immunology and Cytotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266003, Qingdao, China. .,Department of Pancreatic Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, 300060, Tianjin, China.
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17
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Podojil JR, Glaser AP, Baker D, Courtois ET, Fantini D, Yu Y, Eaton V, Sivajothi S, Chiang M, Das A, McLaughlin KA, Robson P, Miller SD, Meeks JJ. Antibody targeting of B7-H4 enhances the immune response in urothelial carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1744897. [PMID: 32363111 PMCID: PMC7185218 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1744897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma have a low survival rate (median 15.7 months, 13.1-17.8), with only a 23% response rate to monotherapy treatment with anti-PDL1 checkpoint immunotherapy. To identify new therapeutic targets, we profiled the immune regulatory signatures during murine cancer development using the BBN carcinogen and identified an increase in the expression of the T cell inhibitory protein B7-H4 (VTCN1, B7S1, B7X). B7-H4 expression temporally correlated with decreased lymphocyte infiltration. While the increase in B7-H4 expression within the bladder by CD11b+ monocytes is shared with human cancers, B7-H4 expression has not been previously identified in other murine cancer models. Higher expression of B7-H4 was associated with worse survival in muscle-invasive bladder cancer in humans, and increased B7-H4 expression was identified in luminal and luminal-papillary subtypes of bladder cancer. Evaluation of B7-H4 by single-cell RNA-Seq and immune mass cytometry of human bladder tumors found that B7-H4 is expressed in both the epithelium of urothelial carcinoma and CD68+ macrophages within the tumor. To investigate the function of B7-H4, treatment of human monocyte and T cell co-cultures with a B7-H4 blocking antibody resulted in enhanced IFN-γ secretion by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Additionally, anti-B7-H4 antibody treatment of BBN-carcinogen bladder cancers resulted in decreased tumor size, increased CD8+ T cell infiltration within the bladder, and a complimentary decrease in tumor-infiltrating T regulatory cells (Tregs). Furthermore, treatment with a combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-B7-H4 antibodies resulted in a significant reduction in tumor stage, a reduction in tumor size, and an increased level of tumor necrosis. These findings suggest that antibodies targeting B7-H4 may be a viable strategy for bladder cancers unresponsive to PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Podojil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander P. Glaser
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Dylan Baker
- Single Cell Biology Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Elise T. Courtois
- Single Cell Biology Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Damiano Fantini
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanni Yu
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Valerie Eaton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Santhosh Sivajothi
- Single Cell Biology Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Mingyi Chiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Arighno Das
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kimberly A. McLaughlin
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Robson
- Single Cell Biology Laboratory, The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Stephen D. Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua J. Meeks
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Li C, Zhan Y, Ma X, Fang H, Gai X. B7-H4 facilitates proliferation and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma cell through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:79-86. [PMID: 31664539 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
B7-H4 is over-expressed in various tumors and may affect many aspects of cancer biology. Our previous studies have reported that the over-expressed B7-H4 in serum or tumor tissue of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) patients was closely related to CRC progression. However, B7-H4 in cell biological characteristics of CRC is not well studied. Here, we investigate the effect of the B7-H4 on cell proliferation, migration and its expression regulated by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in CRC. Firstly, pSilencer 4.1-B7-H4-shRNA vector was constructed and stable transfection was performed on HT-29 cells. Secondly, cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis and cell migration were evaluated after B7-H4 silencing, and the expression of Bcl-2, caspase-3, MMP-2 and MMP-9 was also measured. Finally, the regulation of B7-H4 by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was measured followed by treatment with or without PI3K/Akt and mTOR inhibitor. The results showed that the viability of HT-29 cells was significantly decreased after B7-H4 silencing (P < 0.05). B7-H4 silencing significantly increased the apoptosis rate and caspase-3 protein expression while decreased Bcl-2 protein expression (P all < 0.05). B7-H4 silencing also significantly reduced the migration of HT-29 cells (P < 0.01) and the secretion of MMP-2 or MMP-9 (P all < 0.05). Following treatment with PI3K/Akt and mTOR inhibitor in HT-29 cells, the expression of B7-H4 was significantly downregulated compared with untreated group (P all < 0.05). Our results strongly suggest that B7-H4 may be involved in cell proliferation and migration by PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, blocking B7-H4 signaling might be a novel treatment strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Li
- Department of Pathology, Beihua University Faculty of Medicine, No. 3999 Binjiang East Road, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Beihua University Faculty of Medicine, No. 3999 Binjiang East Road, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Jingmen No. 1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuzhe Ma
- Department of Pathology, Beihua University Faculty of Medicine, No. 3999 Binjiang East Road, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Pathology, Beihua University Faculty of Medicine, No. 3999 Binjiang East Road, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Gai
- Department of Pathology, Beihua University Faculty of Medicine, No. 3999 Binjiang East Road, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Wang JY, Wang WP. B7-H4, a promising target for immunotherapy. Cell Immunol 2019; 347:104008. [PMID: 31733822 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.104008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The coinhibitory molecule B7-H4, an important member of the B7 family, is abnormally expressed in tumors, inflammation and autoimmune diseases. B7-H4 negatively regulates T cell immune response and promotes immune escape by inhibiting the proliferation, cytokine secretion, and cell cycle of T cells. Moreover, B7-H4 plays an extremely important role in tumorigenesis and tumor development including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, anti-apoptosis, etc. In addition, B7-H4 has the other biological functions, such as protection against type 1 diabetes (T1D) and islet cell transplantation. Therefore, B7-H4 has been identified as a novel marker or a therapeutic target for the treatment of tumors, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and organ transplantation. Here, we summarized the expression profiles, physiological and pathological functions, and regulatory mechanisms of B7-H4, the signaling pathways involved, as well as B7-H4-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei-Peng Wang
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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20
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The B7x Immune Checkpoint Pathway: From Discovery to Clinical Trial. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:883-896. [PMID: 31677920 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
B7x (B7 homolog x, also known as B7-H4, B7S1, and VTCN1) was discovered by ourselves and others in 2003 as the seventh member of the B7 family. It is an inhibitory immune checkpoint of great significance to human disease. Tissue-expressed B7x minimizes autoimmune and inflammatory responses. It is overexpressed in a broad spectrum of human cancers, where it suppresses antitumor immunity. Further, B7x and PD-L1 tend to have mutually exclusive expression in cancer cells. Therapeutics targeting B7x are effective in animal models of cancers and autoimmune disorders, and early-phase clinical trials are underway to determine the efficacy and safety of targeting B7x in human diseases. It took 15 years moving from the discovery of B7x to clinical trials. Further studies will be necessary to identify its receptors, reveal its physiological functions in organs, and combine therapies targeting B7x with other treatments.
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21
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Genova C, Boccardo S, Mora M, Rijavec E, Biello F, Rossi G, Tagliamento M, Dal Bello MG, Coco S, Alama A, Vanni I, Barletta G, Bianchi R, Maggioni C, Bruzzi P, Grossi F. Correlation between B7-H4 and Survival of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Nivolumab. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8101566. [PMID: 31581482 PMCID: PMC6832616 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable predictors of benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are still limited. We aimed to evaluate the association between the expression of selected molecules involved in immune response and clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients receiving nivolumab. In our study, the outcomes of 46 NSCLC patients treated with nivolumab in second or subsequent lines (Nivolumab Cohort) were compared with the expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, PD-1, B7-H3, and B7-H4 assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Samples from 17 patients (37.0%) in the Nivolumab Cohort were positive for B7-H4 expression. At univariate analyses, only B7-H4 expression was associated with significantly decreased progression-free survival (PFS; 1.7 vs. 2.0 months; p = 0.026) and with a disadvantage in terms of overall survival (OS) close to statistical significance (4.4 vs. 9.8 months; p = 0.064). At multivariate analyses, B7-H4 expression was significantly associated with decreased PFS (hazard ratio (HR) = 2.28; p = 0.021) and OS (HR = 2.38; p = 0.022). Subsequently, B7-H4 expression was compared with clinical outcomes of 27 NSCLC patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy (Chemotherapy Cohort), but no significant association was observed. Our results suggest a negative predictive role of B7-H4 in a population of NSCLC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, which deserves further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Genova
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Simona Boccardo
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marco Mora
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Erika Rijavec
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 28, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Biello
- Oncology Unit, Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 18, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Rossi
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Marco Tagliamento
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Maria Giovanna Dal Bello
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Simona Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Angela Alama
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Irene Vanni
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Giulia Barletta
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Rita Bianchi
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Maggioni
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Paolo Bruzzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Grossi
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza, 28, 20122 Milan, Italy.
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22
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The clinicopathological and prognostic value of PD-L1 in urothelial carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Med 2019; 19:407-416. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-019-00572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cao H, Wang Q, Gao Z, Xu X, Lu Q, Wu Y. Clinical value of detecting IQGAP3, B7-H4 and cyclooxygenase-2 in the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:163. [PMID: 31223291 PMCID: PMC6570966 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0881-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The IQ-motif-containing GTPase-activating protein (IQGAP) family comprises three members, IQGAP1, IQGAP2 and IQGAP3. IQGAP3 is the latest addition to the family. This study mainly investigated the novel marker IQGAP3 at serum and tumor tissue levels compared with the markers B7-H4 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and in healthy individuals, aiming to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of IQGAP3 for CRC. Materials and methods Serum samples were collected prior to any therapy in 118 CRC patients and as part of a routine examination in 85 healthy individuals. Serum IQGAP3, B7-H4 and COX-2 levels were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the IQGAP3, B7-H4 and COX-2 in tumor tissues and normal para-carcinoma tissues. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of different serum tumor markers. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic risk factors for CRC. Results IQGAP3, B7-H4 and COX-2 showed low or high expression in tumor tissues while no expression in normal para-carcinoma tissues. Serum levels of IQGAP3 in CRC group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group (P < 0.001). The IQGAP3 AUC was 0.799, while the B7-H4 AUC was 0.795 and the COX-2 AUC was 0.796. IQGAP3 seemed to be superior to B7-H4 and COX-2 in detecting CRC, with the highest sensitivity among the three markers. Multivariate analysis showed that T stage, N stage, differentiation degree, TNM stage and both serum and tissue IQGAP3, B7-H4 and COX-2 levels were significant prognostic factors for CRC. Conclusions IQGAP3 has a better diagnostic efficacy than B7-H4 and COX-2 in detecting CRC and it has value in predicting the prognosis of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Cao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Zhenyan Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Qicheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
| | - Yugang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213000 Jiangsu China
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24
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Grochot RM, Brollo J, Neto FR, Tregnago AC, Scholze C, Norris R, Silva S, Weschenfelder DC, Reiriz AB, Michelin L, Pasqualotto FF. Expression of PD-L1 in cervical carcinoma and its impact on survival associated with T-cell infiltration and FoxP3 expression. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:4597-4605. [PMID: 31191020 PMCID: PMC6529624 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s194597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis is currently the most elucidated mechanism for tumor evasion of T-cell-mediated immunity. Nevertheless, few data are available regarding its impact on cervical cancer and the relationship with lymphocytic infiltrates. Methods: A retrospective assessment of all cases of cervical neoplasia treated in Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Brazil, between 2012 and 2016 was performed. Clinical and pathological data were collected from electronic records and analyzed. Original slides were independently reviewed by three pathologists to confirm diagnoses and to assess the immunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 and FoxP3 in tumor cells and lymphocytic infiltrates. Results: PD-L1 staining was present in 32.2% of the 59 cervical samples. Median overall survival time of the PD-L1-negative group was 47.8 months, a time point not yet reached by the PD-L1-positive group (p=0.968). Median progression-free survival was 24.3 months for PD-L1-negative and 11.5 months for PD-L1-positive patients (p=0.263). PD-L1 staining was found in 27.1% of the lymphocytic infiltrates, and survival analysis revealed no difference between PD-L1-positive and PD-L1-negative samples. There was no impact on survival related to FoxP3 staining in neither tumor samples nor lymphocytic infiltrates. Conclusion: Although the median progression-free survival times differed, the difference was not statistically significant. Our study corroborates the rationale that PD-L1 expression in cervical neoplasms has no impact on survival. PD-L1 expression in peritumoral lymphocytes revealed no impact on infiltration volume nor survival. Keywords: uterine cervical neoplasms, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, cancer, tumor microenvironment, survival
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Grochot
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.,UNACON Cancer Center, Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Janaína Brollo
- UNACON Cancer Center, Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Floriano Riva Neto
- UNACON Cancer Center, Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.,CPM Laboratory, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline C Tregnago
- UNACON Cancer Center, Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.,CPM Laboratory, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Rui Norris
- CPM Laboratory, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Sargeele Silva
- UNACON Cancer Center, Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - André B Reiriz
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.,UNACON Cancer Center, Caxias do Sul General Hospital, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Lessandra Michelin
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio F Pasqualotto
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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25
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Phung CD, Nguyen HT, Tran TH, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JO. Rational combination immunotherapeutic approaches for effective cancer treatment. J Control Release 2018; 294:114-130. [PMID: 30553850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is an important mode of cancer treatment. Over the past decades, immunotherapy has improved the clinical outcome for cancer patients. However, in many cases, mutations in cancer cells, lack of selectivity, insufficiency of tumor-reactive T cells, and host immunosuppression limit the clinical benefit of immunotherapy. Combination approaches in immunotherapy may overcome these obstacles. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that combination immunotherapy is the future of cancer treatment. However, designing safe and rational combinations of immunotherapy with other treatment modalities is critical. This review will discuss the optimal immunotherapy-based combinations mainly with respect to the mechanisms of action of individual therapeutic agents that target multiple steps in evasion and progression of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Dai Phung
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Deahak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Deahak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Hiep Tran
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Deahak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Deahak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Clinical Value of Combined Determination of Serum B7-H4 with Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Osteopontin, or Tissue Polypeptide-Specific Antigen for the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:4310790. [PMID: 30363700 PMCID: PMC6180982 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4310790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aim B7-H4 is member of the B7 family that negatively regulates the immune response, which are associated with tumor development and prognosis. The present study is aimed at examining serum B7-H4 expression and exploring its contribution to diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods We determined serum expressions of B7-H4, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), osteopontin (OPN), and tissue polypeptide-specific antigen (TPS) in 59 patients with colorectal cancer and 29 healthy volunteers and analyzed the diagnostic value of B7-H4 combined with CEA, OPN, or TPS detection for colorectal cancer. B7-H4, OPN, and TPS serum expressions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CEA was measured by electrochemical luminescence detection. Results Serum B7-H4 levels were significantly higher in colorectal cancer patients compared with paired normal controls (P = 0.001). B7-H4 serum level was positively correlated with infiltration depth, tumor masses, and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004, P = 0.016, and P = 0.0052, respectively). We also detected serum expression of B7-H4 before and after radical resection and showed that B7-H4 levels decreased significantly during the first week postoperation (P = 0.0064). We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to indicate the potential diagnostic values of these markers. The areas under the ROC curves (AUC) for B7-H4, OPN, TPS, and CEA were 0.867, 0.805, 0.812, and 0.833, respectively. The optimal sensitivity and specificity of B7-H4 for discriminating between colon cancer patients and healthy controls were 88.2% and 86.7%, respectively, using a cut-off of value of 78.89 ng/mL. However, combined ROC analysis using B7-H4 and CEA revealed an AUC of 0.929, with a sensitivity of 98.9% and a specificity of 80.4% for discriminating colon cancer patients from healthy controls. Conclusions B7-H4 was highly expressed in the serum in colorectal cancer patients. Detection of B7-H4 plus CEA showed significantly increased sensitivity and specificity for discriminating between colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls compared to individual detection of these markers. Combined detection of serum B7-H4 and CEA may thus have the potential to become a new laboratory method for the early clinical diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of colorectal cancer.
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27
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Dong P, Xiong Y, Yue J, Hanley SJB, Watari H. Tumor-Intrinsic PD-L1 Signaling in Cancer Initiation, Development and Treatment: Beyond Immune Evasion. Front Oncol 2018; 8:386. [PMID: 30283733 PMCID: PMC6156376 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of PD-L1 in suppressing the anti-tumor immune response is extensively documented, recent discoveries indicate a distinct tumor-intrinsic role for PD-L1 in modulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotype, metastasis and resistance to therapy. In this review, we will focus on the newly discovered functions of PD-L1 in the regulation of cancer development, describe underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for PD-L1 upregulation and discuss current insights into novel components of PD-L1 signaling. Furthermore, we summarize our current understanding of the link between PD-L1 signaling and the EMT program as well as the CSC state. Tumor cell-intrinsic PD-L1 clearly contributes to cancer stemness, EMT, tumor invasion and chemoresistance in multiple tumor types. Conversely, activation of OCT4 signaling and upregulation of EMT inducer ZEB1 induce PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, thereby suggesting a possible immune evasion mechanism employed by cancer stem cells during metastasis. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that PD-L1 is co-amplified along with MYC, SOX2, N-cadherin and SNAI1 in the TCGA endometrial and ovarian cancer datasets. Further identification of immune-independent PD-L1 functions and characterization of crucial signaling events upstream or downstream of PD-L1 in diverse cancer types and specific cancer subtypes, would provide additional targets and new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Sharon J B Hanley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Negative roles of B7-H3 and B7-H4 in the microenvironment of cervical cancer. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:222-230. [PMID: 30099052 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although persistent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection exerts a crucial influence on cervical carcinogenesis, other factors are also involved in its development, such as intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer. B7-H3 and B7-H4, which have been reported to be co-regulatory ligands in the B7 family, had been found to be overexpressed in cervical cancer and correlated with adverse clinicopathological features and poor prognosis in our previous studies. In this study, we sought to explore the effects of B7-H3 and B7-H4 on the cervical microenvironment. Among several immune cytokines, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 stand out as important immunosuppressive factors. Our studies found that IL-10 expression increased with pathological change levels and significantly correlated with cervical cancer differentiation (P < 0.05). TGF-β1 correlated with lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P < 0.01). Expression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 positively correlated with the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1. After co-culture, we found that overexpression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 in cervical cancer cell lines resulted in activation of the cell cycle and decreased apoptosis of U-937 cells. In addition, the contents of IL-10 and TGF-β1, as well as their protein expression levels, increased in co-culture supernatants in U-937 cells, suggesting regulation by the p-JAK2/STAT3 pathway. The in vivo results demonstrated that with the increasing expression of B7-H3/B7-H4, the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 also increased significantly. Overall, the expression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 favored an immunosuppressive microenvironment by promoting the production of IL-10 and TGF-β1, thereby resulting in progression of cervical carcinogenesis.
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29
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Wang L, Yang C, Liu XB, Wang L, Kang FB. B7-H4 overexpression contributes to poor prognosis and drug-resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:100. [PMID: 30008617 PMCID: PMC6044050 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression of the immunoregulatory protein B7-H4 has been reported in many types of cancer, including breast cancer. However, its role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), especially its correlation with patients’ prognosis and chemoresistance remains unclear. Methods The expression of B7-H4 in TNBC tissues and cell lines were measured with Real-Time PCR and western blotting. 65 cases of TNBC tissue samples and adjacent non-tumor tissue samples were analyzed by immunochemistry to demonstrate the correlation between the B7-H4 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. In vitro studies assessed mAb MIH43 alone and in combination with transfecting B7-H4 siRNA on the growth of chemosensitive and chemoresistant TNBC cell lines by CCK-8 and apoptotic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results B7-H4 expression was detected positive in 59 of 65 (90.8%) different stage TNBC patients, especially in the samples of recurrence TNBC patients after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Survival curves showed that patients with B7-H4 overexpression had significantly shorter survival and recurrence time than those with low B7-H4 expression (p < 0.005). Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis demonstrated that B7-H4 was an independent predictor for advanced tumor stage. The monoclonal antibody of B7-H4 has the potential anti-proliferative effects on inhibiting the chemoresistant TNBC cell lines and increasing the sensitivity of TNBC cell lines to doxorubicin, paclitaxel or carboplatin. RNAi-mediated silencing of B7-H4 in TNBC cells enhanced drug-induced apoptosis via inhibiting PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway, whereas reexpression of B7-H4 in B7-H4 knockdown and low B7-H4 expressing cells increased the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT along with restoration of PETN expression. Conclusions Our data show that B7-H4 is a biomarker indicative of a poor prognosis in TNBC patients and at least partially downregulated in chemoresistance via PTEN/PI3K/AKT pathway. Targeting B7-H4 might provide an attractive therapeutic approach specifically for TNBC patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12935-018-0597-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- 1Department of Orthopedic Oncology, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yang
- 2Department of General Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Bo Liu
- 3Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fu-Biao Kang
- 5Department of Liver Diseases, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei People's Republic of China
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30
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Tan Z, Shen W. Prognostic role of B7-H4 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: A meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:27137-27144. [PMID: 28404927 PMCID: PMC5432323 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
B7 homolog 4 (B7-H4) has been recently reported to be a prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in some studies. However, the results remained conflicting. Thus, we aimed to comprehensively assess the association between B7-H4 expression and prognosis of NSCLC patients by performing a meta-analysis. Relevant publications were thoroughly searched of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to evaluate the effects. A total of 9 studies comprising 1444 patients were included in this meta-analysis. B7-H4 overexpression was associated with presence of lymph node metastasis (OR=3.59, 95%CI=2.39-5.38, p<0.001; fixed effect), advanced TNM stage (OR=2.36, 95%CI=1.2-4.67, p=0.013; random effect), and poor differentiation (OR=2.11, 95%CI=1.12-3.99, p=0.021; fixed effect). However, B7-H4 had no significant correlation with gender, age or histology in NSCLC. Furthermore, in a fixed effects model, the results indicated that B7-H4 overexpression was significantly associated with poor OS (HR=2.03, 95%CI=1.41-2.92, p<0.001). This meta-analysis demonstrated that high B7-H4 expression is an unfavorable prognostic factor in NSCLC. Because few studies were included for meta-analysis and almost all included studies were performed on Chinese patients, therefore; large scale prospective studies are needed to verify our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Tan
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Weixi Shen
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Qian Y, Sang Y, Wang FXC, Hong B, Wang Q, Zhou X, Weng T, Wu Z, Zheng M, Zhang H, Yao H. Prognostic significance of B7-H4 expression in matched primary pancreatic cancer and liver metastases. Oncotarget 2018; 7:72242-72249. [PMID: 27750217 PMCID: PMC5342158 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metastasis development in pancreatic cancer patients is common and confers a poor prognosis. Clinical relevance of biomarker analysis in metastatic tissue is necessary. B7-H4 has an inhibitory effect on T cell mediated response and may be involved in tumor development. Although B7-H4 expression has been detected in pancreatic cancer, its expression in liver metastases from pancreatic cancer is still unknown. In this study, overall 43 pancreatic cancer liver metastases (with matched primaries in 15/43 cases) and 57 pancreatic cancer cases without liver metastases or other distant metastases were analyzed for their expression of B7-H4 by immunohistochemistry. Survival curves and log-rank tests were used to test the association of B7-H4 expression with survival. B7-H4 was highly expressed in 28 (65.1%) of the 43 liver metastases and 9 (60.0%) of the 15 matched primary tumors. The expression of B7-H4 in liver metastases was significantly higher than in the matched primary tumors (p < 0.05). Patients with high B7-H4 expression in their primary pancreatic cancer had higher risk of developing liver metastases (p < 0.05). In univariate analysis, B7-H4 expression was significantly associated with the risk of death (p < 0.05). And the multivariate analysis identified that B7-H4 was an independent prognostic indicator (p < 0.05). Our results revealed B7-H4 to be associated with poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. B7-H4 may promote pancreatic cancer metastasis and was promising to be a potential prognostic indicator of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yiwen Sang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Frederick X C Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Texas 75080, USA
| | - Bo Hong
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xinhui Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Tianhao Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of PD-L1 in patients with renal cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis based on 1863 individuals. Clin Exp Med 2018; 18:165-175. [PMID: 29362922 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-018-0488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic significance of PD-L1 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) had been investigated in previous studies; however, the results remain controversial. The primary aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the prognostic and clinicopathological significance of the PD-L1 expression in patients with RCC. Relevant literature was identified form PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library, which compared the prognostic significance between PD-L1 expression and RCC. Hazard ratios (HRs) for survival outcomes and odds ratios (ORs) for clinical parameters associated with PD-L1 were extracted from eligible studies. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 value. The fixed-effects model was used if there was no evidence of heterogeneity; otherwise, the random-effects model was used. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg's funnel plots and Egger's regression test. A total of 1863 patients from ten eligible studies were analyzed. The results showed that PD-L1 expression is associated with poor overall survival in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) (HR = 2.76, 95%CI: 2.25-3.38, I2 = 14.4%, P < 0.001) and non-clear cell RCC (non-ccRCC) (HR = 2.77, 95%CI: 1.62-4.72, I2 = 28.8%, P < 0.001). In addition, PD-L1 expression was found to be significantly associated with primary tumor stage (OR = 1.76, 95%CI: 1.39-2.23; I2 = 56.3%), regional lymph node involvement (OR = 2.10, 95%CI: 1.48-2.98; I2 = 14.9%), distant metastases (OR = 2.69, 95%CI: 2.05-3.54; I2 = 0.0%), nuclear grade (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.32-2.23; I2 = 79.4%) and histologic tumor necrosis (OR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.59-3.18; I2 = 66.1%) in patients with RCC. The outcome stability was confirmed by sensitivity analysis. Both the Begg's funnel plot test (P = 0.276) and the Egger's (P = 0.388) verified that there was no publication bias within the included studies. This study suggests that PD-L1 expression is correlated with poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological features in RCC patients.
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Masugi Y, Nishihara R, Yang J, Mima K, da Silva A, Shi Y, Inamura K, Cao Y, Song M, Nowak JA, Liao X, Nosho K, Chan AT, Giannakis M, Bass AJ, Hodi FS, Freeman GJ, Rodig S, Fuchs CS, Qian ZR, Ogino S. Tumour CD274 (PD-L1) expression and T cells in colorectal cancer. Gut 2017; 66:1463-1473. [PMID: 27196573 PMCID: PMC5097696 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that CD274 (programmed death-ligand 1, B7-H1) immune checkpoint ligand repress antitumour immunity through its interaction with the PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1, PD-1) receptor of T lymphocytes in various tumours. We hypothesised that tumour CD274 expression levels might be inversely associated with T-cell densities in colorectal carcinoma tissue. DESIGN We evaluated tumour CD274 expression by immunohistochemistry in 823 rectal and colon cancer cases within the Nurses' Health Study and Health Professionals Follow-up Study. We conducted multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses to examine the association of tumour CD274 expression with CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO (PTPRC)+ or FOXP3+ cell density in tumour tissue, controlling for potential confounders including tumour status of microsatellite instability (MSI), CpG island methylator phenotype, long interspersed nucleotide element-1 methylation level and KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations. RESULTS CD274 expression in tumour cells or stromal cells (including immune cells) was detected in 731 (89%) or 44 (5%) cases, respectively. Tumour CD274 expression level correlated inversely with FOXP3+ cell density in colorectal cancer tissue (outcome) (ptrend=0.0002). For a unit increase in outcome quartile categories, multivariable OR in the highest (vs lowest) CD274 expression score was 0.22 (95% CI 0.10 to 0.47). Tumour CD274 expression was inversely associated with MSI-high status (p=0.001). CD274 expression was not significantly associated with CD3+, CD8+ or CD45RO+ cell density, pathological lymphocytic reactions or patient survival prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Tumour CD274 expression is inversely associated with FOXP3+ cell density in colorectal cancer tissue, suggesting a possible influence of CD274-expressing carcinoma cells on regulatory T cells in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Masugi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juhong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics,
Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development, Metabolic Disease Hospital & Tianjin
Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Annacarolina da Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation For
Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Nowak
- Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of
Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Liao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Nosho
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rheumatology and Clinical
Immunology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General
Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adam J. Bass
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts,
USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - F. Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gordon J. Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Charles S. Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhi Rong Qian
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of
Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts, USA
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Abstract
Observations noting the presence of white blood cell infiltrates within tumors date back more than a century, however the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating tumor immunity continue to be elucidated. The recent successful use of monoclonal antibodies to block immune regulatory pathways to enhance tumor-specific immune responses for the treatment of cancer has encouraged the identification of additional immune regulatory receptor/ligand pathways. Over the past several years, a growing body of data has identified B7-H4 (VTCN1/B7x/B7S1) as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. The potential clinical significance of B7-H4 is supported by the high levels of B7-H4 expression found in numerous tumor tissues and correlation of the level of expression on tumor cells with adverse clinical and pathologic features, including tumor aggressiveness. The biological activity of B7-H4 has been associated with decreased inflammatory CD4+ T-cell responses and a correlation between B7-H4-expressing tumor-associated macrophages and FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the tumor microenvironment. Since B7-H4 is expressed on tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages in various cancer types, therapeutic blockade of B7-H4 could favorably alter the tumor microenvironment allowing for antigen-specific clearance tumor cells. The present review highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting B7-H4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Podojil
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephen D Miller
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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35
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Que Y, Xiao W, Guan YX, Liang Y, Yan SM, Chen HY, Li QQ, Xu BS, Zhou ZW, Zhang X. PD-L1 Expression Is Associated with FOXP3+ Regulatory T-Cell Infiltration of Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Poor Patient Prognosis. J Cancer 2017; 8:2018-2025. [PMID: 28819402 PMCID: PMC5559963 DOI: 10.7150/jca.18683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Programmed death ligand-1(PD-L1) functions as a negative mediator of immune response through different pathways in anti-tumor immunity. Recent studies have reported that PD-L1 plays a pivotal role in the function of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Although increases in FOXP3+ Tregs infiltration and PD-L1 expression have been revealed in several cancers, their correlation with soft tissue sarcoma remains unknown. Methods: We included 163 cases of soft tissue sarcoma who were diagnosed and underwent extensive and radical resection at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China, from 2000-2010. PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Correlation between their expressions and associations with clinicopathological features were studied. Results: Among 163 STS samples, 19 (11.7%) exhibited PD-L1 positivity, and 41 (25.2%) cases expressed high FOXP3+ Treg infiltration. Significant correlation between PD-L1 expression and FOXP3+Treg infiltration in STS was identified (r=0.450, p<0.001). In univariate analysis, PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with high tumor grade and the age of patients, while the presence of FOXP3+ in tumor infiltrating Tregs was significantly associated with the age of patients, high tumor stage, higher tumor grade and tumor depth. Multivariate analysis revealed PD-L1 and FOXP3 as independent prognostic indicators significantly associated with OS and DFS. Conclusions: Our study revealed that PD-L1 and FOXP3+Tregs may work synergistically in promoting immune evasion of the tumors in soft tissue sarcoma. A combined strategy to block PD-L1/PD-1 with simultaneous depletion of Tregs may show promise in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Que
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Guan
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yao Liang
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Shu-Mei Yan
- Department of Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Huo-Ying Chen
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Qiao-Qiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Bu-Shu Xu
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Medical Melanoma and Sarcoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
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36
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Xue S, Song G, Yu J. The prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in patients with glioma: A meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4231. [PMID: 28652622 PMCID: PMC5484664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have shown that programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is abnormally expressed in gliomas. However, the prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in glioma patients remains unresolved. Accordingly, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the prognostic role of high PD-L1 in patients with glioma. Electronic databases were searched to identify studies evaluating PD-L1 expression and overall survival (OS) in these patients. A total of 6 studies (published in 4 articles) that involved 1052 patients were included. Pooled results showed that high PD-L1 expression was associated with worse OS in glioma patients (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.02–1.65, P = 0.032). Further subgroup analysis indicated that high PD-L1 expression in glioblastoma (GBM) was also associated with worse OS (HR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03–1.90, P = 0.030). Conversely, in index subgroup analysis, neither PD-L1 protein (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.97–2.10, P = 0.068) nor gene (HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.83–1.74, P = 0.322) expression was significantly associated with OS. PD-L1 may represent a promising biomarker that predicts disease progression in patients with glioma or GBM. However, because of our limited sample size, further prospective or retrospective multi-centre, well-designed studies should be performed to verify this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Xue
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Ge Song
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
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37
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Meng Z, Wang F, Zhang Y, Li S, Wu H. B7-H4 as an independent prognostic indicator of cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68825-68836. [PMID: 28978159 PMCID: PMC5620299 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of B7-H4 was observed in a variety of tumors, however the prognostic value in cancer was still controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to explore the potential role of B7-H4 in cancer prognostic prediction. Twenty-seven studies including 3771 patients were brought into the analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The pooled results demonstrated that elevated B7-H4 predicted a poor OS (HR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.71-2.18, P < 0.001) and DFS (HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.46-2.33, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that races, tumor types, sample sources, analysis types, sources of HR and sample sizes exhibited non-significant distinctions with OS (PS = 0.878, PS = 0.143, PS = 0.613, PS = 0.639, PS = 0.48 and PS = 0.528, respectively). PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched up to April 7, 2017, to recognize the available studies for assessing the association between B7-H4 and cancer patients’ outcome. We extracted the hazard ratio (HR), relative ratio (RR), odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI) for overall survival (OS) or disease-free survival (DFS) as the effect size (ES) for the analysis. This meta-analysis demonstrates high expression of B7-H4 is a negative correlation with the outcome of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushun Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shoukang Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
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38
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Che F, Heng X, Zhang H, Su Q, Zhang B, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Du Y, Wang L. Novel B7-H4-mediated crosstalk between human non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells and tumor-associated macrophages leads to immune evasion via secretion of IL-6 and IL-10. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:717-729. [PMID: 28246881 PMCID: PMC11028477 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-1961-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is an incurable lymphoproliferative cancer, and patients with NHL have a poor prognosis. The present study explored the regulatory mechanism of expression and possible roles of the immunosuppressive B7-H4 molecule in human NHL. For functional studies, NHL-reactive T cell lines were generated via the isolation of allogeneic CD3+ T cells from healthy donors and repeated in vitro stimulation with irradiated NHL cells isolated from patients. B7-H4 was found to be distributed in NHL cells and tissues, and its surface protein expression levels were further upregulated by the incubation of NHL cells with interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, or interferon-γ. Additionally, the supernatants of tumor-associated macrophages (tMφs) upregulated B7-H4 surface expression by producing IL-6 and IL-10. B7-H4 expressed in NHL cells inhibited the cytotoxic activity of NHL-reactive T cells. Conversely, the inhibition of B7-H4 in NHL cells promoted T cell immunity and sensitized NHL cells to cytolysis. Furthermore, tMφs induced B7-H4 promoted NHL cell evasion of the T cell immune response. In conclusion, this study shows that NHL-expressed B7-H4 is an important immunosuppressive factor that inhibits host anti-tumor immunity to NHL. Targeting tumor-expressed B7-H4 may thus provide a new treatment strategy for NHL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Che
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Xueyuan Heng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, No. 27 Jiefang Road, Lanshan District, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Quanping Su
- Central Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Baoxue Zhang
- Hematology Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yanying Chen
- Hematology Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaohong Zhang
- Hematology Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, No. 27 Jiefang Road, Lanshan District, Linyi, Shandong, China.
- Hematology Laboratory, Linyi People's Hospital, Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong, China.
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Sankin A, Narasimhulu D, John P, Gartrell B, Schoenberg M, Zang X. The expanding repertoire of targets for immune checkpoint inhibition in bladder cancer: What lies beneath the tip of the iceberg, PD-L1. Urol Oncol 2017; 36:459-468. [PMID: 28495553 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a new understanding of tumor-immune system interplay has been ushered in, lead in large part by the discovery of immune checkpoints mediated through B7-CD28 family interactions. Therapeutic blockade of the PD-L1 immune checkpoint pathway has already shown great success as a cancer immunotherapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma, leading to durable clinical remissions in an otherwise incurable disease. There are newly described members of the B7-CD28 family including B7-H3, B7x, and HHLA2. These ligands are thought to play an essential role in suppressing T-cell response, leading to immune tolerance of tumors. This feature makes them attractive targets for novel immunotherapy treatment paradigms. Here, we review the literature of current strategies and future directions of immune checkpoint blockade therapy for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sankin
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
| | - Deepa Narasimhulu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Peter John
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Benjamin Gartrell
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Mark Schoenberg
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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40
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Kuol N, Stojanovska L, Nurgali K, Apostolopoulos V. The mechanisms tumor cells utilize to evade the host's immune system. Maturitas 2017; 105:8-15. [PMID: 28477990 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune system plays an essential role in the tumor progression; not only can it inhibit tumor growth but it can also promote tumor growth by establishing a favorable environment. Tumor cells utilize several strategies to evade the host's immune system, including expression of immunosuppressive molecules such as PD-L1, IDO and siglec-9. In addition, tumor cells not only regulate the recruitment and development of immunosuppressive forces to influence the tumor microenvironment but also shift the phenotype and function of normal immune cells from a possibly anti-tumor state to a pro-tumor state. As a result, tumor cells evade the host's immune system, leading to metastasis and/or recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyanbol Kuol
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14426, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Lily Stojanovska
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14426, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14426, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14426, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia.
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Alves ISS, Coser PHP, Loureiro GJZ, Nogueira da Gama LP, Ribeiro FDSS, Bautz WG, Coburn KLA, Pacheco MDS, da Gama de Souza LN. Fibrosis and Mast Cells in Colorectal Lesions: Significance in Adenoma-Colorectal Cancer Sequence and Association with Diet. J Gastrointest Cancer 2017; 47:278-86. [PMID: 27146043 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-016-9829-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adenoma is the most common benign neoplasm with potential to progress into colorectal cancer (CRC), a disease responsible for high rates of mortality. However, it is not possible yet to establish which lesions will evolve into CRC. We aimed to investigate the intrinsic factors, diet profile, and microenvironment as factors involved in adenoma-CRC progression. METHODS We evaluated nutritional profile and microscopic features. Adenomas and CRC lesions were stained with Mallory's trichrome to reveal fibrosis and Alcian blue to identify mast cells. RESULTS A total of 143 patients was selected, 66 % diagnosed with normal mucosa, 28.4 % with benign lesion, and 5.6 % with CRC. A higher frequency of lesions was associated with patients older than 50 years (26.57 %) and women (18.18 %), but men were more likely to develop CRC. Regarding microscopic aspects, epithelium-connective tissue interface with disorganization feature was significantly higher in CRC when compared to adenoma (P = 0.0007). A greater fibrosis around vessels was also observed in CRC (P = 0.01). The statistical analysis indicated a significant correlation between mast cell population and patients older than 50 years (P < 0.01), male (P < 0.01), with right colon lesion (P < 0.05) and CRC. Low consumption of leafy greens (P < 0.001) and carotenoids (P < 0.01) and elevated consumption of red meat (P < 0.001) were associated with a high density of mast cells. CONCLUSIONS An association between clinical, diet profile, and microscopic features in colorectal lesions was observed, with a progressive change in the microenvironment during adenoma-CRC sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sinara Silva Alves
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health of Sciences Center, Marechal Campos av., 1468, Maruípe, 29.040-090, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Piras Coser
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health of Sciences Center, Marechal Campos av., 1468, Maruípe, 29.040-090, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Willian Grassi Bautz
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health of Sciences Center, Marechal Campos av., 1468, Maruípe, 29.040-090, Vitória, ES, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karla Loureiro Almeida Coburn
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health of Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Dental Clinic (PPGCO), Marechal Campos av., 1468, Maruípe, 29.040-090, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Marcos da Silva Pacheco
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health of Sciences Center, Marechal Campos av., 1468, Maruípe, 29.040-090, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Letícia Nogueira da Gama de Souza
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Health of Sciences Center, Postgraduate Program in Dental Clinic (PPGCO), Marechal Campos av., 1468, Maruípe, 29.040-090, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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Prognostic role of PD-L1 in malignant solid tumors: a meta-analysis. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 32:e68-e74. [PMID: 27470134 DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to elucidate the rates and prognostic roles of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immunohistochemical (IHC) expression in various malignant tumors through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHOD The current study included 16,176 patients from 97 eligible studies. We investigated PD-L1 expression and its correlation with survival rate in various malignant tumors. RESULTS The estimated rate of PD-L1 IHC expression was 0.449 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.404-0.495). The highest and lowest PD-L1 expression levels were found in thyroid cancer (0.829, 95% CI 0.781-0.868) and small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (0.005, 95% CI 0.000-0.080), respectively. PD-L1 expression was significantly correlated with poorer overall survival and disease-free survival rates (hazard ratios 1.276, 95% CI 1.097-1.486 and 1.304, 95% CI 1.034-1.644, respectively). However, PD-L1 IHC expression was significantly correlated with worse overall survival rates in patients with esophageal cancer and renal cell carcinoma and with worse disease-free survival rates in patients with colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that PD-L1 expression rates and the correlations with survival varied between tumor types. Detailed evaluation criteria for PD-L1 will have to be standardized before application to specific tumor types.
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Janakiram M, Shah UA, Liu W, Zhao A, Schoenberg MP, Zang X. The third group of the B7-CD28 immune checkpoint family: HHLA2, TMIGD2, B7x, and B7-H3. Immunol Rev 2017; 276:26-39. [PMID: 28258693 PMCID: PMC5338461 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The B7-CD28 family of ligands and receptors play important roles in T-cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition. Phylogenetically they can be divided into three groups. The recent discovery of the new molecules (B7-H3 [CD276], B7x [B7-H4/B7S1], and HHLA2 [B7H7/B7-H5]/TMIGD2 [IGPR-1/CD28H]) of the group III has expanded therapeutic possibilities for the treatment of human diseases. In this review, we describe the discovery, structure, and function of B7-H3, B7x, HHLA2, and TMIGD2 in immune regulation. We also discuss their roles in important pathological states such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, transplantation, and infection. Various immunotherapeutical approaches are emerging including antagonistic monoclonal antibodies and agonistic fusion proteins to inhibit or potentiate these molecules and pathways in cancers and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Janakiram
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Urvi A Shah
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Aimin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mark P Schoenberg
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Yuan L, Dong L, Yu G, Fan W, Zhang L, Wang P, Hu X, Zhao M. Aberrant expression of B7‑H4 may contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:5015-5024. [PMID: 27840912 PMCID: PMC5355751 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to determine the effect of B7‑H4 on the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the expression levels of B7‑H4 were evaluated using reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry in HL‑7702 and Huh7 cells. B7‑H4 protein expression levels were analyzed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry in HCC tissues collected from patients and from a mouse tumor model. Soluble B7‑H4 (sB7‑H4), interferon‑γ (IFN‑γ), and interleukin‑4 (IL‑4) in blood serum were assessed using ELISA in patients with HCC and mice injected with tumor cells. B7‑H4 was expressed in HCC cell lines, mouse tumor tissues and HCC patient tissues. However, B7‑H4 was not detected in HL‑7702 cells or normal human liver tissues. The expression level of B7‑H4 was positively correlated with tumor‑node‑metastasis (TNM) stage, lymph node metastasis, and differentiation degree in patients with HCC. sB7‑H4 levels in blood serum samples collected from patients with HCC and tumorigenic mice were higher compared with healthy controls. Expression levels of IFN‑γ were reduced, and IL‑4 levels were increased in blood serum samples of patients with HCC and tumorigenic mice compared with healthy controls. sB7‑H4 expression levels were negatively correlated with IFN‑γ levels, and with the ratio of IFN‑γ to IL‑4. Additionally, sB7‑H4 was positively correlated with IL‑4 levels in mouse tumor tissues, serum samples obtained from tumorigenic mice and human HCC patients. Notably, the levels of sB7‑H4 and IL‑4 were positively correlated and IFN‑γ was negatively correlated with the TNM stage of patients with HCC. In addition, sB7‑H4 and IL‑4 expression levels increased and levels of IFN‑γ and the ratio of IFN‑γ/IL‑4 decreased as a function of time post tumor implantation in the mouse model. The present study determined that aberrant expression of B7‑H4 contributed to HCC development. B7‑H4 may be a potential target for therapy and diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Dong
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Yu
- Department of Pathology, Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Wanfeng Fan
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P.R. China
| | - Mingdong Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, Shandong 256603, P.R. China
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Lu C, Redd PS, Lee JR, Savage N, Liu K. The expression profiles and regulation of PD-L1 in tumor-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1247135. [PMID: 28123883 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1247135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an inhibitory ligand that binds to PD-1 to suppress T cell activation. PD-L1 is constitutively expressed and inducible in tumor cells, but the expression profiles and regulatory mechanism of PD-L1 in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are largely unknown. We report that PD-L1 is abundantly expressed in tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in human patients with both microsatellite instable and microsatellite stable colon cancer. About 60% CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR- MDSCs from peripheral blood of human colon cancer patients are PD-L1+. PD-L1+ MDSCs are also significantly higher in tumor-bearing mice than in tumor-free mice. Interestingly, the highest PD-L1+ MDSCs were observed in the tumor microenvironment in which 56-71% tumor-infiltrating MDSCs are PD-L1+in vivo. In contrast, PD-L1+ MDSCs are significantly less in secondary lymphoid organs and peripheral blood as compared to the tumor tissues, whereas bone marrow MDSCs are essentially PD-L1- in tumor-bearing mice. IFNγ is highly expressed in cells of the tumor tissues and IFNγ neutralization significantly decreased PD-L1+ MDSCs in the tumor microenvironment in vivo. However, IFNγ-activated pSTAT1 does not bind to the cd274 promoter in MDSCs. Instead, pSTAT1 activates expression of IRF1, IRF5, IRF7 and IRF8 in MDSCs, and only pSTAT1-activated IRF1 binds to a unique IRF-binding sequence element in vitro and chromatin in vivo in the cd274 promoter to activate PD-L1 transcription. Our data determine that PD-L1 is highly expressed in tumor-infiltrating MDSCs and in a lesser degree in lymphoid organs, and the pSTAT1-IRF1 axis regulates PD-L1 expression in MDSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Priscilla S Redd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Lee
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Natasha Savage
- Pathology, Medical College of Georgia , Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA; Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Wang L, Heng X, Lu Y, Cai Z, Yi Q, Che F. Could B7-H4 serve as a target to activate anti-cancer immunity? Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:97-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wang X, Teng F, Kong L, Yu J. PD-L1 expression in human cancers and its association with clinical outcomes. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5023-39. [PMID: 27574444 PMCID: PMC4990391 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s105862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 is an immunoinhibitory molecule that suppresses the activation of T cells, leading to the progression of tumors. Overexpression of PD-L1 in cancers such as gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and bladder cancer is associated with poor clinical outcomes. In contrast, PD-L1 expression correlates with better clinical outcomes in breast cancer and merkel cell carcinoma. The prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in lung cancer, colorectal cancer, and melanoma is controversial. Blocking antibodies that target PD-1 and PD-L1 have achieved remarkable response rates in cancer patients who have PD-L1-overexpressing tumors. However, using PD-L1 as an exclusive predictive biomarker for cancer immunotherapy is questionable due to the low accuracy of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry staining. Factors that affect the accuracy of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry staining are as follows. First, antibodies used in different studies have different sensitivity. Second, in different studies, the cut-off value of PD-L1 staining positivity is different. Third, PD-L1 expression in tumors is not uniform, and sampling time and location may affect the results of PD-L1 staining. Therefore, better understanding of tumor microenvironment and use of other biomarkers such as gene marker and combined index are necessary to better identify patients who will benefit from PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan - Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Feifei Teng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute; School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute
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Kajihara M, Takakura K, Kanai T, Ito Z, Saito K, Takami S, Shimodaira S, Okamoto M, Ohkusa T, Koido S. Dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:4275-86. [PMID: 27158196 PMCID: PMC4853685 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i17.4275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although systemic therapy is the standard care for patients with recurrent or metastatic CRC, the prognosis is extremely poor. The optimal sequence of therapy remains unknown. Therefore, alternative strategies, such as immunotherapy, are needed for patients with advanced CRC. This review summarizes evidence from dendritic cell-based cancer immunotherapy strategies that are currently in clinical trials. In addition, we discuss the possibility of antitumor immune responses through immunoinhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade in CRC patients.
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49
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Li Z, Dong P, Ren M, Song Y, Qian X, Yang Y, Li S, Zhang X, Liu F. PD-L1 Expression Is Associated with Tumor FOXP3(+) Regulatory T-Cell Infiltration of Breast Cancer and Poor Prognosis of Patient. J Cancer 2016; 7:784-93. [PMID: 27162536 PMCID: PMC4860794 DOI: 10.7150/jca.14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Expression of PD-L1 has been estimated to predict the therapeutic potential of PD-L1 inhibition in solid tumors. Recent studies have demonstrated that PD-L1 plays a critical role in regulatory T-cell (Treg) development and functional maintenance. Although increases in FOXP3+Treg infiltration and PD-L1 expression have been revealed in several malignancies, their correlation in human breast tumors is as yet unclear. Methods: Whole-tissue sections from 501 patients with breast cancer were examined for PD-L1 and FOXP3 expression by immunohistochemistry. Correlation between their expressions and the association with clinicopathological features, intrinsic tumor subtypes and patient's prognosis were studied. Results: PD-L1 expression and FOXP3+Treg infiltrates in tumor tissue demonstrated a high correlation (rs=0.334, p<0.001) in this cohort of breast cancer patients. High PD-L1 expression and increased FOXP3+Treg infiltrates were both associated with high histological grade, negative ER and PR status, and aggressive intrinsic tumor subtypes, especially the basal-like subtype. Tumors with concomitant high expressions of the two markers had the worst prognosis. Multivariate analysis proved both markers to be the independent predictors for decreased overall survival of patients, particularly in the basal-like subtype. Conclusions: The results suggest that PD-L1 and FOXP3+Tregs may work synergistically and their up-regulated expressions promote tumor immune evasion in breast cancer. Combinatorial immunotherapeutic approaches aiming on blocking PD-L1 and depleting Tregs might improve therapeutic efficacy in breast cancer patients, especially those with basal-like carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Li
- 1. Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Pengzhi Dong
- 2. Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Meijing Ren
- 1. Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yawen Song
- 1. Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiaolong Qian
- 1. Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yiling Yang
- 1. Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shuai Li
- 1. Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- 3. Department of Pathology, Cooper University Hospital, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey 08103, USA
| | - Fangfang Liu
- 1. Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy (Ministry of Education), National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
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Xu M, Zhang B, Zhang M, Liu Y, Yin FL, Liu X, Zhuo SC. Clinical relevance of expression of B7-H1 and B7-H4 in ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2016; 11:2815-2819. [PMID: 27073557 PMCID: PMC4812522 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of B7-H1 and B7-H4 in ovarian neoplasm tissues and to examine their clinical relevance. A total of 112 ovarian biopsies were collected from patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and 10 were taken from ovarian benign neoplasms. The samples were processed in paraffin tissue chips, and subjected to immunohistochemical staining and analysis. Associations of B7-H1 and B7-H4 expression with patients' clinical parameters, such as histological typing, cell grading, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics staging, tumor size, and metastatic status, were examined by statistical analysis. Survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Independent prognostic factors were evaluated using the Cox regression model. The results showed an extremely low or negative expression of B7-H1 and B7-H4 in the 10 benign ovarian neoplasm tissues (control): By contrast, a positive expression of B7-H1 and B7-H4 was observed in 55.4% (62/112) and 37.5% (42/112) of the EOC tissues, respectively. The differences between the two groups were significant. In addition, the co-expression of B7-H1 and B7-H4 was found in 31.3% (35/112) of the EOC cases. Furthermore, the progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly lower in EOC patients with a high expression of B7-H1 and B7-H4 (χ2=45.60 and 37.99, respectively). These results demonstrated that the expression of B7-H1 and B7-H4 in EOC tissues was significantly associated with poor prognosis and high relapse rate of EOC. The findings suggest that B7-H1 and B7-H4 is a negative prognostic marker for EOC and a potential immunotherapeutic target for patients with EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Ling Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Chao Zhuo
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Xuzhou, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
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