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Li X, Ding H, Feng G, Huang Y. Role of angiotensin converting enzyme in pathogenesis associated with immunity in cardiovascular diseases. Life Sci 2024; 352:122903. [PMID: 38986897 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is not only a critical component in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), but also suggested as an important mediator for immune response and activity, such as immune cell mobilization, metabolism, biogenesis of immunoregulatory molecules, etc. The chronic duration of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been increasingly considered to be triggered by uncontrolled pathologic immune reactions from myeloid cells and lymphocytes. Considering the potential anti-inflammatory effect of the traditional antihypertensive ACE inhibitor (ACEi), we attempt to elucidate whether ACE and its catalytically relevant substances as well as signaling pathways play a role in the immunity-related pathogenesis of common CVD, such as arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and arrythmias. ACEi was also reported to benefit the prognoses of COVID-19-positive patients with CVD, and COVID-19 disease with preexisting CVD or subsequent cardiovascular damage is featured by a significant influx of immune cells and proinflammatory molecules, suggesting that ACE may also participate in COVID-19 induced cardiovascular injury, because COVID-19 disease basically triggers an overactive pathologic immune response. Hopefully, the ACE inhibition and manipulation of those associated bioactive signals could supplement the current medicinal management of various CVD and bring greater benefit to patients' cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huasheng Ding
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gaoke Feng
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Mendiola-Salazar XA, Munguía-Laguna MA, Franco M, Cano-Martínez A, Santamaría Sosa J, Bautista-Pérez R. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Enhances Carboxypeptidase Activity of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6276. [PMID: 38892464 PMCID: PMC11172802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein may modify angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity in the plasma, heart, kidney, liver, lung, and six brain regions (amygdala, brain stem, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum) of diabetic and hypertensive rats. We determine ACE2 activity in the plasma and lysates of heart, kidney, liver, lung, and six brain regions. MLN-4760 inhibits ACE2 activity in the plasma and all organs. On the other hand, soluble ACE2 (sACE2) activity increased in the plasma of diabetic rats, and there was no change in the plasma of hypertensive rats. ACE2 activity was augmented in the liver, brain stem, and striatum, while it decreased in the kidney, amygdala, cortex, and hippocampus of diabetic rats. ACE2 activity increased in the kidney, liver, and lung, while it decreased in the heart, amygdala, cortex, and hypothalamus of hypertensive rats. We measured the ACE2 content via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and found that ACE2 protein levels increased in the heart, while it decreased in the plasma, kidney, brain stem, cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum of diabetic rats. ACE2 protein levels decreased in the brain stem, cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus of hypertensive rats. Our data showed that the spike protein enhanced ACE2 activity in the liver and lungs of diabetic rats, as well as in the heart and three of the brain regions (cortex, hypothalamus, and striatum) of hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xóchitl Andrea Mendiola-Salazar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico (M.A.M.-L.)
- Carrera de Médico Cirujano, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico
| | - Melanie A. Munguía-Laguna
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico (M.A.M.-L.)
| | - Martha Franco
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.F.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - José Santamaría Sosa
- Department of Cardio-Renal Pathophysiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.F.); (J.S.S.)
| | - Rocío Bautista-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City 14080, Mexico (M.A.M.-L.)
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3
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Kala P, Vaňourková Z, Škaroupková P, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J, Walkowska A, Veselka J, Táborský M, Maxová H, Vaněčková I, Červenka L. Endothelin type A receptor blockade increases renoprotection in congestive heart failure combined with chronic kidney disease: Studies in 5/6 nephrectomized rats with aorto-caval fistula. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114157. [PMID: 36580726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Association of congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) worsens the patient's prognosis and results in poor survival rate. The aim of this study was to examine if addition of endothelin type A (ETA) receptor antagonist to the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) will bring additional beneficial effects in experimental rats. METHODS CKD was induced by 5/6 renal mass reduction (5/6 NX) and CHF was elicited by volume overload achieved by creation of aorto-caval fistula (ACF). The follow-up was 24 weeks after the first intervention (5/6 NX). The treatment regimens were initiated 6 weeks after 5/6 NX and 2 weeks after ACF creation. RESULTS The final survival in untreated group was 15%. The treatment with ETA receptor antagonist alone or ACEi alone and the combined treatment improved the survival rate to 64%, 71% and 75%, respectively, however, the difference between the combination and either single treatment regimen was not significant. The combined treatment exerted best renoprotection, causing additional reduction in albuminuria and reducing renal glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury as compared with ACE inhibition alone. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that treatment with ETA receptor antagonist attenuates the CKD- and CHF-related mortality, and addition of ETA receptor antagonist to the standard blockade of RAS by ACEi exhibits additional renoprotective actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kala
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Motol and 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Vaňourková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Škaroupková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elżbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Walkowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Josef Veselka
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Motol and 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Táborský
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Maxová
- Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Vaněčková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc and Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Rajtik T, Galis P, Bartosova L, Paulis L, Goncalvesova E, Klimas J. Alternative RAS in Various Hypoxic Conditions: From Myocardial Infarction to COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312800. [PMID: 34884604 PMCID: PMC8657827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative branches of the classical renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAS) represent an important cascade in which angiotensin 2 (AngII) undergoes cleavage via the action of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with subsequent production of Ang(1-7) and other related metabolites eliciting its effects via Mas receptor activation. Generally, this branch of the RAS system is described as its non-canonical alternative arm with counterbalancing actions to the classical RAS, conveying vasodilation, anti-inflammatory, anti-remodeling and anti-proliferative effects. The implication of this branch was proposed for many different diseases, ranging from acute cardiovascular conditions, through chronic respiratory diseases to cancer, nonetheless, hypoxia is one of the most prominent common factors discussed in conjugation with the changes in the activity of alternative RAS branches. The aim of this review is to bring complex insights into the mechanisms behind the various forms of hypoxic insults on the activity of alternative RAS branches based on the different duration of stimuli and causes (acute vs. intermittent vs. chronic), localization and tissue (heart vs. vessels vs. lungs) and clinical relevance of studied phenomenon (experimental vs. clinical condition). Moreover, we provide novel insights into the future strategies utilizing the alternative RAS as a diagnostic tool as well as a promising pharmacological target in serious hypoxia-associated cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Rajtik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.G.); (L.B.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-12-501-17-391
| | - Peter Galis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.G.); (L.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Linda Bartosova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.G.); (L.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Ludovit Paulis
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Eva Goncalvesova
- Department of Heart Failure, Clinic of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 831 01 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia; (P.G.); (L.B.); (J.K.)
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Effects of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid-Enhancing Therapy on the Course of Congestive Heart Failure in Angiotensin II-Dependent Rat Hypertension: From mRNA Analysis towards Functional In Vivo Evaluation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081053. [PMID: 34440257 PMCID: PMC8393645 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of chronic treatment with EET-A, an orally active epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EETs) analog, on the course of aorto-caval fistula (ACF)-induced heart failure (HF) in Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR), a model characterized by hypertension and augmented activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The results were compared with standard pharmacological blockade of the RAS using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi). The rationale for employing EET-A as a new treatment approach is based on our findings that apart from increased RAS activity, untreated ACF TGR also shows kidney and left ventricle (LV) tissue deficiency of EETs. Untreated ACF TGR began to die 17 days after creating ACF and were all dead by day 84. The treatment with EET-A alone or ACEi alone improved the survival rate: in 156 days after ACF creation, it was 45.5% and 59.4%, respectively. The combined treatment with EET-A and ACEi appeared to improve the final survival to 71%; however, the difference from either single treatment regimen did not reach significance. Nevertheless, our findings support the notion that targeting the cytochrome P-450-dependent epoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism should be considered for the treatment of HF.
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Honetschlagerová Z, Škaroupková P, Kikerlová S, Husková Z, Maxová H, Melenovský V, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J, Gawrys O, Kujal P, Červenka L, Čertíková Chábová V. Effects of renal sympathetic denervation on the course of congestive heart failure combined with chronic kidney disease: Insight from studies with fawn-hooded hypertensive rats with volume overload induced using aorto-caval fistula. Clin Exp Hypertens 2021; 43:522-535. [PMID: 33783285 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2021.1907398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: The coincidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in poor survival rate. The aim of the study was to examine if renal denervation (RDN) would improve the survival rate in CHF induced by creation of aorto-caval fistula (ACF).Methods: Fawn-hooded hypertensive rats (FHH), a genetic model of spontaneous hypertension associated with CKD development, were used. Fawn-hooded low-pressure rats (FHL), without CKD, served as controls. RDN was performed 4 weeks after creation of ACF and the follow-up period was 10 weeks.Results: We found that intact (non-denervated) ACF FHH exhibited survival rate of 58.8% (20 out of 34 rats), significantly lower than in intact ACF FHL (81.3%, 26/32 rats). In intact ACF FHL albuminuria remained stable throughout the study, whereas in ACF FHH it increased significantly, up to a level 40-fold higher than the basal values. ACF FHL did not show increases in renal glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury as compared with FHL, while ACF FHH exhibited marked increases in kidney injury as compared with FHH. RDN did not improve the survival rate in either ACF FHL or ACF FHH and did not alter the course of albuminuria in ACF FHL. RDN attenuated the albuminuria, but did not reduce the kidney injury in ACF FHH.Conclusions: Our present results support the notion that even modest CKD increases CHF-related mortality. RDN did not attenuate CHF-dependent mortality in ACF FHH, it delayed the progressive rise in albuminuria, but it did not reduce the degree of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Honetschlagerová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Škaroupková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Kikerlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Maxová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Melenovský
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Gawrys
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Petr Kujal
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology, Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Kratky V, Vanourkova Z, Sykora M, Bacova BS, Hruskova Z, Kikerlova S, Huskova Z, Kopkan L. AT 1 receptor blocker, but not an ACE inhibitor, prevents kidneys from hypoperfusion during congestive heart failure in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4271. [PMID: 33608612 PMCID: PMC7896062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83906-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure-induced renal dysfunction, we compared the effects of ACE inhibitor (ACEi) and AT1 receptor blocker (ARB) on systemic and kidney hemodynamics during heart failure in normotensive HanSD and hypertensive transgenic (TGR) rats. High-output heart failure was induced by creating an aorto-caval fistula (ACF). After five weeks, rats were either left untreated or treatment with ACEi or ARB was started for 15 weeks. Subsequently, echocardiographic, renal hemodynamic and biochemical measurements were assessed. Untreated ACF rats with ACF displayed significantly reduced renal blood flow (RBF) (HanSD: 8.9 ± 1.0 vs. 4.7 ± 1.6; TGR: 10.2 ± 1.9 vs. 5.9 ± 1.2 ml/min, both P < .001), ACEi had no major RBF effect, whereas ARB completely restored RBF (HanSD: 5.6 ± 1.1 vs. 9.0 ± 1.5; TGR: 7.0 ± 1.2 vs. 10.9 ± 1.9 ml/min, both P < .001). RBF reduction in untreated and ACEi-treated rats was accompanied by renal hypoxia as measured by renal lactate dehydrogenase activity, which was ameliorated with ARB treatment (HanSD: 40 ± 4 vs. 42 ± 3 vs. 29 ± 5; TGR: 88 ± 4 vs. 76 ± 4 vs. 58 ± 4 milliunits/mL, all P < .01). Unlike improvement seen in ARB-treated rats, ACE inhibition didn’t affect urinary nitrates compared to untreated ACF TGR rats (50 ± 14 vs. 22 ± 13 vs. 30 ± 13 μmol/mmol Cr, both P < .05). ARB was more effective than ACEi in reducing elevated renal oxidative stress following ACF placement. A marker of ACEi efficacy, the angiotensin I/angiotensin II ratio, was more than ten times lower in renal tissue than in plasma. Our study shows that ARB treatment, in contrast to ACEi administration, prevents renal hypoperfusion and hypoxia in ACF rats with concomitant improvement in NO bioavailability and oxidative stress reduction. The inability of ACE inhibition to improve renal hypoperfusion in ACF rats may result from incomplete intrarenal RAS suppression in the face of depleted compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Kratky
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic. .,Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdenka Vanourkova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Matus Sykora
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Barbara Szeiffova Bacova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Zdenka Hruskova
- Department of Nephrology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Kikerlova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Huskova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Videnska, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Honetschlagerová Z, Gawrys O, Jíchová Š, Škaroupková P, Kikerlová S, Vaňourková Z, Husková Z, Melenovský V, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J, Kolář F, Novotný J, Hejnová L, Kujal P, Červenka L. Renal Sympathetic Denervation Attenuates Congestive Heart Failure in Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension: Studies with Ren-2 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats with Aortocaval Fistula. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:95-113. [PMID: 33530085 DOI: 10.1159/000513071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined if renal denervation (RDN) attenuates the progression of aortocaval fistula (ACF)-induced heart failure or improves renal hemodynamics in Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR), a model of angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension. METHODS Bilateral RDN was performed 1 week after creation of ACF. The animals studied were ACF TGR and sham-operated controls, and both groups were subjected to RDN or sham denervation. In separate groups, renal artery blood flow (RBF) responses were determined to intrarenal ANG II (2 and 8 ng), norepinephrine (NE) (20 and 40 ng) and acetylcholine (Ach) (10 and 40 ng) 3 weeks after ACF creation. RESULTS In nondenervated ACF TGR, the final survival rate was 10 versus 50% in RDN rats. RBF was significantly lower in ACF TGR than in sham-operated TGR (6.2 ± 0.3 vs. 9.7 ± 0.5 mL min-1 g-1, p < 0.05), the levels unaffected by RDN. Both doses of ANG II decreased RBF more in ACF TGR than in sham-operated TGR (-19 ± 3 vs. -9 ± 2% and -47 ± 3 vs. -22 ± 2%, p < 0.05 in both cases). RDN did not alter RBF responses to the lower dose, but increased it to the higher dose of ANG II in sham-operated as well as in ACF TGR. NE comparably decreased RBF in ACF TGR and sham-operated TGR, and RDN increased RBF responsiveness. Intrarenal Ach increased RBF significantly more in ACF TGR than in sham-operated TGR (29 ± 3 vs. 17 ± 3%, p < 0.05), the changes unaffected by RDN. ACF creation induced marked bilateral cardiac hypertrophy and lung congestion, both attenuated by RDN. In sham-operated but not in ACF TGR, RDN significantly decreased mean arterial pressure. CONCLUSION The results show that RDN significantly improved survival rate in ACF TGR; however, this beneficial effect was not associated with improvement of reduced RBF or with attenuation of exaggerated renal vascular responsiveness to ANG II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Honetschlagerová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia,
| | - Olga Gawrys
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Šárka Jíchová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Škaroupková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Soňa Kikerlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdeňka Vaňourková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtěch Melenovský
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - František Kolář
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Novotný
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Hejnová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Kujal
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Pathology, 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
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9
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Krátký V, Kikerlová S, Husková Z, Sadowski J, Kolář F, Červenka L. Enhanced Renal Vascular Responsiveness to Angiotensin II and Norepinephrine: A Unique Feature of Female Rats with Congestive Heart Failure. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:1128-1141. [DOI: 10.1159/000502379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: We found recently that the aortocaval fistula (ACF)-induced heart failure (HF) results in higher mortality in female than in male rats. Possibly, the development of renal dysfunction in the females, unlike in males, is associated with altered renal vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II (ANG II). Methods: Five or 20 weeks after ACF creation (compensated and decompensated HF, respectively), we assessed renal blood flow (RBF) responses to intrarenal administration of ANG II, norepinephrine (NE), and acetylcholine (Ach) in female ACF and sham-operated rats. Results: In ACF females, ANG II decreased RBF more than in healthy animals, unlike with earlier published data in male ACF rats that responded similarly. Also, NE decreased RBF more in female ACF rats, whereas Ach increased RBF to the same extent in female ACF and sham-operated rats. RBF responses to intravenous administration of NE and Ach were almost identical in female and male ACF rats. Conclusion: Female ACF rats studied at the onset of HF decompensation reveal, in contrast to male rats, enhanced renal vascular responsiveness to both NE and ANG II. When associated with the demonstrated increased intrarenal ANG II and NE concentrations, such hyperresponsiveness might promote the development of renal dysfunction and accelerate HF decompensation.
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10
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Kala P, Červenka L, Škaroupková P, Táborský M, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J. Sex-linked differences in the mortality in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats with aorto-caval fistula: effects of treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme alone and combined with inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase. Physiol Res 2019; 68:589-601. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We found recently that in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats (TGR) addition of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (sEHi) to treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi), surprisingly, increased the mortality due to heart failure (HF) induced by creation of the aorto-caval fistula (ACF). Since TGR exhibit sex-related differences in mortality, we examined here if such differentiation exists also in the response to the treatment with ACEi (trandolapril), alone or combined with sEHi [cis-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)cyclohexyloxy]benzoic acid, (c-AUCB)]. ACEi improved survival in males to 74 % (vs. 0 %) and in females to 65 % (vs. 32 %). ACEi and sEHi combined also improved the survival in male ACF TGR, however, it was significantly less (38 %) than after ACEi alone. In contrast, in females the combined treatment significantly improved the final survival rate (84 %). There were no significant sex-linked differences in survival rate in untreated or treated normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley rats. In conclusion, in HF patients with co-existing hypertension and RAS hyperactivity, the sex may co-determine the rate of HF progression, and can influence the effectiveness of the therapeutic measures applied. Therefore, in the relevant pre-clinical studies the sex-linked differences should be seriously considered. Our data indicate that TGR might be an optimal model for such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 1958/9 Vídeňská, Prague, Czech Republic.
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11
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Vacková Š, Kikerlová S, Melenovsky V, Kolář F, Imig JD, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J, Červenka L. Altered Renal Vascular Responsiveness to Vasoactive Agents in Rats with Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension and Congestive Heart Failure. Kidney Blood Press Res 2019; 44:792-809. [PMID: 31430751 PMCID: PMC10107072 DOI: 10.1159/000501688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We evaluated the hypothesis that the development of renal dysfunction and congestive heart failure (CHF) caused by volume overload in rats with angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension is associated with altered renal vascular responsiveness to ANG II and to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). Methods: Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGRs) were used as a model of ANG II-dependent hypertension. CHF was induced by volume overload achieved by the creation of the aorto-caval fistula (ACF). Renal blood flow (RBF) responses were determined to renal arterial administration of ANG II, native 11,12-EET, an analog of 14,15-EETs (EET-A), norepinephrine (NE), acetylcholine (Ach) and bradykinin (Bk) in healthy (i.e., sham-operated) TGR and ACF TGR (5 weeks after ACF creation). Results: Selective intrarenal administration of neither vasoactive drug altered mean arterial pressure in any group. Administration of ANG II caused greater decreases in RBF in ACF TGR than in sham-operated TGR, whereas after administration of NE the respective decreases were comparable in the 2 groups. Administration of Ach and Bk elicited significantly higher RBF increases in ACF TGR as compared with sham-operated TGR. In contrast, administration of 11,12-EET and EET-A caused significantly smaller RBF increases in ACF TGR than in sham-operated TGR. Conclusion: The findings show that 5 weeks after creation of ACF, the TGR exhibit exaggerated renal vasoconstrictor responses to ANG II and reduced renal vasodilatory responses to EETs, suggesting that both these alterations might play an important role in the development of renal dysfunction in this model of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Vacková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Soňa Kikerlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vojtěch Melenovsky
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - František Kolář
- Department of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia,
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12
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Vacková Š, Kopkan L, Kikerlová S, Husková Z, Sadowski J, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Táborský M, Melenovský V, Červenka L. Pharmacological Blockade of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Attenuates the Progression of Congestive Heart Failure Combined With Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights From Studies With Fawn-Hooded Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:18. [PMID: 30728778 PMCID: PMC6351500 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An association between congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in extremely poor patient survival rates. Previous studies have shown that increasing kidney epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by blocking soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme responsible for EETs degradation, improves the survival rate in CHF induced by aorto-caval fistula (ACF) and attenuates CKD progression. This prompted us to examine if sEH inhibitor treatment would improve the outcome if both experimental conditions are combined. Fawn-hooded hypertensive (FHH) rats, a genetic model showing early CKD development was employed, and CHF was induced by ACF. Treatment with an sEH inhibitor was initiated 4 weeks after ACF creation, in FHH and in fawn-hooded low-pressure (FHL) rats, a control strain without renal damage. The follow-up period was 20 weeks. We found that ACF FHH rats exhibited substantially lower survival rates (all the animals died by week 14) as compared with the 64% survival rate observed in ACF FHL rats. The former group showed pronounced albuminuria (almost 30-fold higher than in FHL) and reduced intrarenal EET concentrations. The sEH inhibitor treatment improved survival rate and distinctly reduced increases in albuminuria in ACF FHH and in ACF FHL rats, however, all the beneficial actions were more pronounced in the hypertensive strain. These data indicate that pharmacological blockade of sEH could be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of CHF, particularly under conditions when it is associated with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Vacková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Libor Kopkan
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Soňa Kikerlová
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology, UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John D Imig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Miloš Táborský
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology, University Hospital Olomouc, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Vojtěch Melenovský
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Luděk Červenka
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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13
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KALA P, SEDLÁKOVÁ L, ŠKAROUPKOVÁ P, KOPKAN L, VAŇOURKOVÁ Z, TÁBORSKÝ M, NISHIYAMA A, HWANG SH, HAMMOCK BD, SADOWSKI J, MELENOVSKÝ V, IMIG JD, ČERVENKA L. Effect of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Blockade, Alone or Combined With Blockade of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase, on the Course of Congestive Heart Failure and Occurrence of Renal Dysfunction in Ren-2 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats With Aorto-Caval Fistula. Physiol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed recently that increasing kidney epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) by blocking soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme responsible for EETs degradation, retarded the development of renal dysfunction and progression of aorto-caval fistula(ACF)-induced congestive heart failure (CHF) in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats (TGR). In that study the final survival rate of untreated ACF TGR was only 14 % but increased to 41 % after sEH blockade. Here we examined if sEH inhibition added to renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade would further enhance protection against ACF-induced CHF in TGR. The treatment regimens were started one week after ACF creation and the follow-up period was 50 weeks. RAS was blocked using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi, trandolapril, 6 mg/l) and sEH with an sEH inhibitor (sEHi, c-AUCB, 3 mg/l). Renal hemodynamics and excretory function were determined two weeks post-ACF, just before the onset of decompensated phase of CHF. 29 weeks post-ACF no untreated animal survived. ACEi treatment greatly improved the survival rate, to 84 % at the end of study. Surprisingly, combined treatment with ACEi and sEHi worsened the rate (53 %). Untreated ACF TGR exhibited marked impairment of renal function and the treatment with ACEi alone or combined with sEH inhibition did not prevent it. In conclusion, addition of sEHi to ACEi treatment does not provide better protection against CHF progression and does not increase the survival rate in ACF TGR: indeed, the rate decreases significantly. Thus, combined treatment with sEHi and ACEi is not a promising approach to further attenuate renal dysfunction and retard progression of CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - L. ČERVENKA
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Červenka L, Škaroupková P, Kompanowska-Jezierska E, Sadowski J. Sex-linked differences in the course of chronic kidney disease and congestive heart failure: a study in 5/6 nephrectomized Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats with volume overload induced using aorto-caval fistula. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:883-95. [PMID: 27385471 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of hypertension and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in sex-related differences in the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and congestive heart failure (CHF) remain unclear, especially when the two diseases are combined. In male and female Ren-2 transgenic rats (TGR), a model of hypertension with activation of endogenous RAS, CKD was induced by 5/6 renal mass reduction (5/6 NX) and CHF was elicited by volume overload achieved by creation of an aorto-caval fistula (ACF). The primary aim of the study was to examine long-term CKD- and CHF-related mortality, especially in animals with CKD and CHF combined, with particular interest in the potential sex-related differences. The follow-up period was 23 weeks after the first intervention (5/6 NX). We found, first, that TGR did not exhibit sexual dimorphism in the course of 5/6 NX-induced CKD. Second, in contrast, TGR exhibited important sex-related differences in the course of ACF-induced CHF-related mortality: intact female TGR showed higher survival rate than male TGR. This situation is reversed in the course of combined 5/6 NX-induced CKD and ACF-induced CHF-related mortality: intact female TGR exhibited poorer survival than male TGR. Third, the survival rate in animals with combined 5/6 NX-induced CKD and ACF-induced CHF was significantly worsened as compared with rat groups that were exposed to 'single organ disease'. Collectively, our present results clearly show that CKD aggravates long-term mortality of animals with CHF. In addition, TGR exhibit remarkable sexual dimorphism with respect to CKD- and CHF-related mortality, especially in animals with combined CKD and CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Červenka
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathophysiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Škaroupková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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SPORKOVÁ A, HUSKOVÁ Z, ŠKAROUPKOVÁ P, RAMI REDDY N, FALCK JR, SADOWSKI J, ČERVENKA L. Vasodilatory Responses of Renal Interlobular Arteries to Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Analog Are Not Enhanced in Ren-2 Transgenic Hypertensive Rats: Evidence Against a Role of Direct Vascular Effects of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids in Progression of Experimental Heart Failure. Physiol Res 2017; 66:29-39. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of renal dysfunction and progression of congestive heart failure (CHF) remain poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed striking differences in the role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), active products of cytochrome P-450-dependent epoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid, in the progression of aorto-caval fistula (ACF)-induced CHF between hypertensive Ren-2 renin transgenic rats (TGR) and transgene-negative normotensive Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) controls. Both ACF TGR and ACF HanSD strains exhibited marked intrarenal EETs deficiency and impairment of renal function, and in both strains chronic pharmacologic inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) (which normally degrades EETs) normalized EETs levels. However, the treatment improved the survival rate and attenuated renal function impairment in ACF TGR only. Here we aimed to establish if the reported improved renal function and attenuation of progression of CHF in ACF TGR observed after sEH blockade depends on increased vasodilatory responsiveness of renal resistance arteries to EETs. Therefore, we examined the responses of interlobar arteries from kidneys of ACF TGR and ACF HanSD rats to EET-A, a new stable 14,15-EET analog. We found that the arteries from ACF HanSD kidneys rats exhibited greater vasodilator responses when compared to the ACF TGR arteries. Hence, reduced renal vasodilatory responsiveness cannot be responsible for the lack of beneficial effects of chronic sEH inhibition on the development of renal dysfunction and progression of CHF in ACF HanSD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - L. ČERVENKA
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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16
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Feng Q, Lu C, Wang L, Song L, Li C, Uppada RC. Effects of renal denervation on cardiac oxidative stress and local activity of the sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system in acute myocardial infracted dogs. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017; 17:65. [PMID: 28212603 PMCID: PMC5316157 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-017-0498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study sought to evaluate the therapeutic effects of renal denervation (RDN) on acute myocardial infarction (MI) in canines and explore its possible mechanisms of action. Methods Eighteen healthy mongrel dogs were randomly assigned to either the control group, the MI group or the MI + RDN group. To assess cardiac function, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) and fraction shortening (FS) were recorded. Additionally, haemodynamic parameters such as left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and heart rate (HR) were measured. Cardiac oxidative stress levels were evaluated based on the expression of p47phox mRNA, malondialdehyde (MDA), anti-superoxide anion free radical (ASAFR) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). To measure the local activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), angiotensin II (AngII), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin (1–7) [Ang(1–7)] and Mas receptor (MasR) in myocardial tissues were recorded. The expression of TH in renal tissue and serum creatinine were used to assess the effectiveness of the RDN procedure and renal function, respectively. Results We found that MI deteriorated heart function and activated cardiac oxidative stress and the local neurohumoral system, while RDN partially reversed these changes. Compared with the control group, parameters including LVEDD, LVESD, LVEDP and the levels of ASAFR, MDA, p47phox,ACE2, Ang(1–7), MasR, AngII and TH-positive nerves were increased (all P < 0.05) in myocardial infracted dogs; meanwhile, LVEF, FS, LVSP and SOD expression were decreased (all P < 0.05). However, after RDN therapy, these changes were significantly improved (P < 0.05), except that there were no significant differences observed in FS or LVSP between the two groups (P = 0.092 and 0.931, respectively). Importantly, the expression of TH, AngII and Ang(1–7) was positively correlated with MDA and negatively correlated with SOD. Between-group comparisons demonstrated no differences in serum creatinine (P = 0.706). Conclusions RDN attenuated cardiac remodelling and improved heart function by decreasing the level of cardiac oxidative stress and the local activity of the SNS and RAS in cardiac tissues. Additionally, the safety of the RDN procedure was established, as no significant decrease in LVSP or rise in serum creatinine was observed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Feng
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Lijun Song
- Department of Digestion, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ravi Chandra Uppada
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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17
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Cheah HY, Šarenac O, Arroyo JJ, Vasić M, Lozić M, Glumac S, Hoe SZ, Hindmarch CCT, Murphy D, Kiew LV, Lee HB, Vicent MJ, Chung LY, Japundžić-Žigon N. Hemodynamic effects of HPMA copolymer based doxorubicin conjugate: A randomized controlled and comparative spectral study in conscious rats. Nanotoxicology 2017; 11:210-222. [PMID: 28098511 PMCID: PMC5964453 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1285071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Conjugation of Doxorubicin (DOX) to N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methylacrylamide copolymer (HPMA) has significantly reduced the DOX-associated cardiotoxicity. However, the reports on the impact of HPMA–DOX conjugates on the cardiovascular system such as blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were in restrained animals using tail cuff and/or other methods that lacked the resolution and sensitivity. Herein, we employed radiotelemetric-spectral-echocardiography approach to further understand the in vivo cardiovascular hemodynamics and variability post administration of free DOX and HPMA–DOX. Rats implanted with radio-telemetry device were administered intravenously with DOX (5 mg/kg), HPMA–DOX (5 mg DOX equivalent/kg) and HPMA copolymer and subjected to continuous cardiovascular monitoring and echocardiography for 140 days. We found that DOX-treated rats had ruffled fur, reduced body weight (BW) and a low survival rate. Although BP and HR were normal, spectral analysis indicated that their BP and HR variabilities were reduced. All rats exhibited typical signs of cardiotoxicity at histopathology. In contrast, HPMA–DOX rats gained weight over time and survived. Although BP, HR and related variabilities were unaffected, the left ventricular end diastolic volume (EDV) of these rats, as well as of the HPMA copolymer-treated rats, was found increased at the end of observation period. Additionally, HPMA copolymer caused microscopic injury of the heart tissue. All of these suggest the necessity of caution when employing HPMA as carrier for prolonged drug delivery. The current study also indicates the potential of radiotelemetric-spectral-echocardiography approach for improved preclinical cardiovascular risk assessment of polymer–drug conjugate and other nano-sized-drug constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoay Yan Cheah
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Olivera Šarenac
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
| | - Juan J Arroyo
- c Polymer Therapeutics Lab , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Marko Vasić
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
| | - Maja Lozić
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
| | - Sofija Glumac
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Charles Colin Thomas Hindmarch
- d Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia.,e Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences , School of Medicine, Queen's, University , Kingston, ON , Canada , UK
| | - David Murphy
- f Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group , The Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, University of Bristol , Bristol , England, UK
| | - Lik Voon Kiew
- a Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Hong Boon Lee
- g Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - María J Vicent
- c Polymer Therapeutics Lab , Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe , Valencia , Spain
| | - Lip Yong Chung
- g Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Nina Japundžić-Žigon
- b Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Belgrade , Republic of Serbia
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18
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Abstract
The health of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems is inextricably linked to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Physiologically speaking, a balance between the vasodeleterious (Angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE]/Angiotensin II [Ang II]/Ang II type 1 receptor [AT1R]) and vasoprotective (Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [ACE2]/Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)]/Mas receptor [MasR]) components of the RAS is critical for cardiopulmonary homeostasis. Upregulation of the ACE/Ang II/AT1R axis shifts the system toward vasoconstriction, proliferation, hypertrophy, inflammation, and fibrosis, all factors that contribute to the development and progression of cardiopulmonary diseases. Conversely, stimulation of the vasoprotective ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis produces a counter-regulatory response that promotes cardiovascular health. Current research is investigating novel strategies to augment actions of the vasoprotective RAS components, particularly ACE2, in order to treat various pathologies. Although multiple approaches to increase the activity of ACE2 have displayed beneficial effects against experimental disease models, the mechanisms behind its protective actions remain incompletely understood. Recent work demonstrating a non-catalytic role for ACE2 in amino acid transport in the gut has led us to speculate that the therapeutic effects of ACE2 can be mediated, in part, by its actions on the gastrointestinal tract and/or gut microbiome. This is consistent with emerging data which suggest that dysbiosis of the gut and lung microbiomes is associated with cardiopulmonary disease. This review highlights new developments in the protective actions of ACE2 against cardiopulmonary disorders, discusses innovative approaches to targeting ACE2 for therapy, and explores an evolving role for gut and lung microbiota in cardiopulmonary health.
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19
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Červenka L, Melenovský V, Husková Z, Škaroupková P, Nishiyama A, Sadowski J. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase counteracts the development of renal dysfunction and progression of congestive heart failure in Ren-2 transgenic hypertensive rats with aorto-caval fistula. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:795-807. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Červenka
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
- Department of Pathophysiology; 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Melenovský
- Department of Cardiology; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Husková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Petra Škaroupková
- Centre for Experimental Medicine; Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine; Prague Czech Republic
| | | | - Janusz Sadowski
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology; M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre; Polish Academy of Science; Warsaw Poland
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20
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Červenka L, Melenovský V, Husková Z, Sporková A, Bürgelová M, Škaroupková P, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Imig JD, Sadowski J. Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase does not improve the course of congestive heart failure and the development of renal dysfunction in rats with volume overload induced by aorto-caval fistula. Physiol Res 2015; 64:857-73. [PMID: 26047375 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The detailed mechanisms determining the course of congestive heart failure (CHF) and associated renal dysfunction remain unclear. In a volume overload model of CHF induced by creation of aorto-caval fistula (ACF) in Hannover Sprague-Dawley (HanSD) rats we explored the putative pathogenetic contribution of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), active products of CYP-450 dependent epoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, and compared it with the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Chronic treatment with cis-4-[4-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido) cyclohexyloxy]benzoic acid (c-AUCB, 3 mg/l in drinking water), an inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) which normally degrades EETs, increased intrarenal and myocardial EETs to levels observed in sham-operated HanSD rats, but did not improve the survival or renal function impairment. In contrast, chronic angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition (ACEi, trandolapril, 6 mg/l in drinking water) increased renal blood flow, fractional sodium excretion and markedly improved survival, without affecting left ventricular structure and performance. Hence, renal dysfunction rather than cardiac remodeling determines long-term mortality in advanced stage of CHF due to volume overload. Strong protective actions of ACEi were associated with suppression of the vasoconstrictor/sodium retaining axis and activation of vasodilatory/natriuretic axis of the renin-angiotensin system in the circulating blood and kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Červenka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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