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Rathee P, Sehrawat R, Rathee P, Khatkar A, Akkol EK, Khatkar S, Redhu N, Türkcanoğlu G, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Polyphenols: Natural Preservatives with Promising Applications in Food, Cosmetics and Pharma Industries; Problems and Toxicity Associated with Synthetic Preservatives; Impact of Misleading Advertisements; Recent Trends in Preservation and Legislation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4793. [PMID: 37445107 PMCID: PMC10343617 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The global market of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products requires continuous tracking of harmful ingredients and microbial contamination for the sake of the safety of both products and consumers as these products greatly dominate the consumer's health, directly or indirectly. The existence, survival, and growth of microorganisms in the product may lead to physicochemical degradation or spoilage and may infect the consumer at another end. It has become a challenge for industries to produce a product that is safe, self-stable, and has high nutritional value, as many factors such as physical, chemical, enzymatic, or microbial activities are responsible for causing spoilage to the product within the due course of time. Thus, preservatives are added to retain the virtue of the product to ensure its safety for the consumer. Nowadays, the use of synthetic/artificial preservatives has become common and has not been widely accepted by consumers as they are aware of the fact that exposure to preservatives can lead to adverse effects on health, which is a major area of concern for researchers. Naturally occurring phenolic compounds appear to be extensively used as bio-preservatives to prolong the shelf life of the finished product. Based on the convincing shreds of evidence reported in the literature, it is suggested that phenolic compounds and their derivatives have massive potential to be investigated for the development of new moieties and are proven to be promising drug molecules. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the significant role of phenolic compounds and their derivatives in the preservation of perishable products from microbial attack due to their exclusive antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties and the problems associated with the use of synthetic preservatives in pharmaceutical products. This article also analyzes the recent trends in preservation along with technical norms that regulate the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products in the developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Rathee
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baba Mastnath University, Rohtak 124021, India;
| | - Renu Sehrawat
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurugram 122103, India;
| | - Pooja Rathee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Anurag Khatkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey;
| | - Sarita Khatkar
- Vaish Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Neelam Redhu
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Gizem Türkcanoğlu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara 06330, Turkey;
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Stewart CK, Parker J, Hwang R, Vincent M, Fung E. Quantitative Risk Assessment of Dermal Sensitization Potential Following Use of Shampoo Products Containing the Formaldehyde Releasing Preservative DMDM Hydantoin. Int J Toxicol 2023:10915818231174429. [PMID: 37177794 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231174429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Historically, formaldehyde was used as a preservative in personal care products to extend product shelf-life; however, given its skin sensitization potential it has been phased out of use and replaced with formaldehyde-releasing preservatives, such as Dimethyloldimethyl hydantoin (DMDMH). A relationship has been established between positive patch test results following exposure to DMDMH and previous sensitization to formaldehyde. Upon direct contact with the skin, formaldehyde can react with skin proteins and cause an acute inflammatory reaction, which may progress to skin sensitization following repeated exposure. This quantitative risk assessment (QRA) aimed to assess the risk of skin sensitization induction following use of shampoo products containing the maximum allowable concentrations of DMDMH in formulation (1% w/v), translating to a free formaldehyde concentration of 0.02%. To determine a margin of safety (MOS) for exposure to DMDMH from use of shampoo products, consumer exposure levels (CEL) were estimated based on typical use scenarios and then benchmarked against an acceptable exposure level (AEL). The AEL was derived using a weight of evidence approach where a range of no expected sensitization induction levels (NESILs) was utilized. The MOS values for a shampoo product containing 1% DMDMH (.02% formaldehyde) was above 1 for the typical use scenario indicating a low likelihood of skin sensitization induction among healthy individuals. Thus, it can be concluded that shampoo products containing DMDMH at or below current allowable concentrations are not expected to increase the risk of skin sensitization induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruth Hwang
- Stantec ChemRisk, San Fransisco, CA, USA
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Singh PDD, Murthy Z, Kumar Kailasa S. Metal nitrides nanostructures: Properties, synthesis and conceptualization in analytical methods developments for chemical analysis and separation, and in energy storage applications. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Kim W, Kim E, Lee J, Song CH, Jung W, Shin S, Kim KB, Shin BS, Kim TH. Development of an LC-MS/MS Assay and Toxicokinetic Characterization of Hexamethylenetetramine in Rats. TOXICS 2023; 11:337. [PMID: 37112564 PMCID: PMC10146139 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hexamethylenetetramine, an aldehyde-releasing agent, is used as a preservative in various food, cosmetics, and medical treatments, such as a treatment for urinary tract infections. It has been reported to be allergenic on contact with the skin, with the additional possibility of causing toxicity once absorbed systemically. Despite its potential toxicity, there are no reports on the in vivo bioavailability of hexamethylenetetramine following oral or dermal administration. In this study, we developed a new simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of hexamethylenetetramine in plasma and applied this method to characterize the toxicokinetics. The developed assay had a sufficient specificity and sensitivity for toxicokinetic characterization, and its accuracy and precision were verified. Following iv injection, the plasma concentration of hexamethylenetetramine showed mono exponential decay, with an elimination half-life of about 1.3 h. Following oral administration, the Tmax reached an average of 0.47 h and bioavailability was estimated as 89.93%. After percutaneous administration, it reached Cmax on average at 2.9-3.6 h. Although the absorption rate was relatively slow, its average bioavailability was calculated as 77.19-78.91%. Overall, most of the orally and percutaneously administered hexamethylenetetramine was absorbed into systemic circulation. The derived results in this study are expected to be utilized as the scientific evidence for further toxicokinetic study and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Song
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Woohyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Soo Shin
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
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Goossens A, Aerts O. Contact allergy to and allergic contact dermatitis from formaldehyde and -releasers: A clinical review and update. Contact Dermatitis 2022; 87:20-27. [PMID: 35229319 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to provide a clinically useful update regarding the role of formaldehyde (FA) and its five main releasers (FRs) quaternium-15, diazolidinyl urea, DMDM hydantoin, imidazolidinyl urea and 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (bronopol) in contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis. These ubiquitous preservatives are still often, and sometimes undeclared, present in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, household detergents and chemical (industrial) products. In Europe, the use of free FA and quaternium-15 in cosmetics is forbidden and contact allergy rates have been found to be stable to decreasing. However, FA/FRs still readily provoke localized (e.g., facial/hand), airborne and generalized dermatitis, and may also complicate atopic and stasis dermatitis, or result in nummular dermatitis. Seborrheic-, rosacea- and impetigo-like dermatitis have recently been reported. For a correct diagnosis, FA 2% aq. (0.60 mg/cm2 ) should be used, and particularly the FRs bronopol 0.5% pet. and diazolidinyl urea 2% should be patch tested separately in a baseline series. If sensitization to FA occurs, both FA and FRs should preferably be avoided, except perhaps for bronopol in case it tests negatively. If a patient reacts to one or more FRs (such as bronopol, or diazolidinyl/imidazolidinyl urea), but not to FA, then the specific FR(s) should be avoided. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Goossens
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Aerts
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA) and Research group Immunology, INFLA-MED Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Ruiz-Dueñas A, Sanchez-Duenas L, Guevara-Gutiérrez E, Tlacuilo-Parra A. Psoriasiform skin reaction due to Brazilian keratin treatment: A clinical-dermatoscopic study of 43 patients. Int J Trichology 2022; 14:103-108. [PMID: 35755960 PMCID: PMC9231525 DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_62_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hair straightening products like the Brazilian Keratin Treatment (BKT) contain high concentrations of formaldehyde, and its use is associated with adverse effects. In 2016, seven cases of eczema-like psoriasiform skin reaction secondary to BKT were described for the first time. We aim to investigate the clinical characteristics and dermatoscopic findings of patients with psoriasiform skin reactions due to BKT. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from October 2017 to June 2020. Patients who developed erythema and scales on the scalp following the use of BKT were included. Age, sex, number of BKTs, time elapsed between BKT and the skin reaction, pull test, and dermatoscopic findings were investigated. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: We found 43 patients with a mean age of 35 ± 10 years, predominantly females in 42 (98%) cases. The mean number of BKTs was 2 ± 2. The mean length of time elapsed to present the reaction was 12 ± 17 months and this was related to the number of BKTs (P = 0.01). The pull test was positive in 37 (86%) patients. The most frequent dermatoscopic findings were perifollicular scales in 42 (98%), red patches in 35 (81%), and peripilar desquamation resembling the outer skin of an onion bulb in 32 (74%). Conclusion: Hair straightening products are widely used and the psoriasiform skin reaction that develops afterward might be underdiagnosed. It is important to investigate the background of BKT in conjunction with the clinical and dermatoscopic findings suggestive of this cutaneous reaction.
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Kaneti YV, Benu DP, Xu X, Yuliarto B, Yamauchi Y, Golberg D. Borophene: Two-dimensional Boron Monolayer: Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1000-1051. [PMID: 34730341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Borophene, a monolayer of boron, has risen as a new exciting two-dimensional (2D) material having extraordinary properties, including anisotropic metallic behavior and flexible (orientation-dependent) mechanical and optical properties. This review summarizes the current progress in the synthesis of borophene on various metal substrates, including Ag(110), Ag(100), Au(111), Ir(111), Al(111), and Cu(111), as well as heterostructuring of borophene. In addition, it discusses the mechanical, thermal, magnetic, electronic, optical, and superconducting properties of borophene and the effects of elemental doping, defects, and applied mechanical strains on these properties. Furthermore, the promising potential applications of borophene for gas sensing, energy storage and conversion, gas capture and storage applications, and possible tuning of the material performance in these applications through doping, formation of defects, and heterostructures are illustrated based on available theoretical studies. Finally, research and application challenges and the outlook of the whole borophene's field are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Valentino Kaneti
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Didi Prasetyo Benu
- Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Universitas Timor, Kefamenanu 85613, Indonesia
| | - Xingtao Xu
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Brian Yuliarto
- Research Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (RCNN), Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.,JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Dmitri Golberg
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.,Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
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Adamović D, Čepić Z, Adamović S, Stošić M, Obrovski B, Morača S, Vojinović Miloradov M. Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111198. [PMID: 34769715 PMCID: PMC8583012 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dissecting a human cadaver is an irreplaceable practice in general training of medical students. Cadavers in anatomy laboratories are usually preserved in formalin, an embalming fluid whose basic component is formaldehyde (FA). The aim of this study is to assess the cancer risk of employees and students that are exposed to FA based on the results of three monitoring campaigns, as well as to suggest permanent solutions to the problem of FA exposure based on the results obtained. Three sampling campaigns of formaldehyde concentration in indoor environments were conducted at five different locations at the Anatomy Department of the Faculty of Medicine with the purpose of assessing permanent employees’ and medical faculty first year students’ exposure to FA. Indoor air was continuously sampled during 8 h of laboratory work and analyzed in accordance with the NIOSH Method 3500. Exceeding of the 8 h time-weighted average (8 h TWA) values recommended by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of 0.75 ppm was recorded in 37% of the samples during the three-month monitoring campaign. Cancer risk assessment levels for permanent employees were in the range from 6.43 × 10−3 to 8.77 × 10−4, while the cancer risk assessment levels for students ranged from 8.94 × 10−7 to 1.83 × 10−6. The results of the research show that cancer risk assessment for employees is several thousand times higher than the limit recommended by the EPA (10−6) and point to the importance of reducing exposure to formaldehyde through the reconstruction of the existing ventilation system, continual monitoring, the use of formaldehyde-free products, and plastination of anatomical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Adamović
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Zoran Čepić
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-64-200-4875
| | - Savka Adamović
- Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Milena Stošić
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Boris Obrovski
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Slobodan Morača
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Mirjana Vojinović Miloradov
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (D.A.); (M.S.); (B.O.); (M.V.M.)
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Ou M, Wang X, Yu L, Liu C, Tao W, Ji X, Mei L. The Emergence and Evolution of Borophene. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001801. [PMID: 34194924 PMCID: PMC8224432 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Neighboring carbon and sandwiched between non-metals and metals in the periodic table of the elements, boron is one of the most chemically and physically versatile elements, and can be manipulated to form dimensionally low planar structures (borophene) with intriguing properties. Herein, the theoretical research and experimental developments in the synthesis of borophene, as well as its excellent properties and application in many fields, are reviewed. The decade-long effort toward understanding the size-dependent structures of boron clusters and the theory-directed synthesis of borophene, including bottom-up approaches based on different foundations, as well as up-down approaches with different exfoliation modes, and the key factors influencing the synthetic effects, are comprehensively summarized. Owing to its excellent chemical, electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties, borophene has shown great promise in supercapacitor, battery, hydrogen-storage, and biomedical applications. Furthermore, borophene nanoplatforms used in various biomedical applications, such as bioimaging, drug delivery, and photonic therapy, are highlighted. Finally, research progress, challenges, and perspectives for the future development of borophene in large-scale production and other prospective applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meitong Ou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Liu Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Chuang Liu
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wei Tao
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of AnesthesiologyBrigham and Women's HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational MedicineTianjin UniversityTianjin300072China
| | - Lin Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen)Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192China
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Dwivedi N, Shukla RK. Theoretical study of pure/doped (nitrogen and boron) carbon nanotubes for chemical sensing of formaldehyde. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang M, Zhang C. Adsorption properties of formaldehyde on β12-borophene surfaces: A first-principles study. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.137035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Noguerón A, Fernández-Escamilla HN, Guerrero-Sánchez J, Takeuchi N. Formaldehyde adsorption on a hydrogenated aluminum nitride monolayer: A self-propagated reaction. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Hughes OB, Maderal AD, Tosti A. Preservative Sensitization—Safety With and Safety Without. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN ALLERGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40521-016-0102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Formaldehyde is a widely used organic compound, used in several applications (hard thermoset resins, adhesives, disinfectants, tissue fixatives, etc), in its free form or released by formaldehyde releaser products. Its use is under control due to its toxic, carcinogenic, and allergenic properties. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of formaldehyde sensitization, time trend, and correlation to occupations. METHODS This study is a cross-sectional study on a population of 23,774 patients tested from 1996 to 2012 in Northeastern Italy. RESULTS Frequency of sensitization was 3.3%, without any significant time trend. Hands (39.8% overall) and face (25.6% females, 15.5% males) were mainly involved. We found a trend toward decrease by age in females (3.11% in first quintile [14-26 years], 2.29% in fifth quintile [59-97 years], P < 0.01). On a logistic regression analysis (control group: white-collar workers), we found associations in health care (odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.81), wood (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.30-3.51), and textile (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.14-2.79) sectors and professional drivers (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.05-3.60). We found a high rate of cosensitization to formaldehyde in patients with positive patch test reactions to quaternium-15 (OR, 18.7; 95% CI, 12.6-27.7). CONCLUSIONS Sensitization to formaldehyde is relevant in our population, especially in the health care sector, wood and textile industries, and professional drivers. No significant time trend was found.
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Rovira J, Roig N, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Human health risks of formaldehyde indoor levels: An issue of concern. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2016; 51:357-363. [PMID: 26785855 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1109411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a carcinogenic substance for humans. Exposure to formaldehyde may also cause eye and respiratory tract irritation, as well as skin sensitization. The main indoor sources of formaldehyde are wood-pressed products, insulation materials, paints, varnishes, household cleaning products and cigarettes, among others. Although this chemical is a well-known indoor pollutant, data on indoor concentrations of formaldehyde are still scarce in some countries. In February 2014, 10 homes in Catalonia, Spain, were randomly selected to collect indoor (bedroom and living room) and outdoor air samples. Ten additional samples were also collected at different workplaces (e.g., offices, shops, classrooms, etc.). Formaldehyde air levels found in homes ranged from 10.7 to 47.7 μg m(-3), from 9.65 to 37.2 μg m(-3), and from 0.96 to 3.37 μg m(-3) in bedrooms, living rooms, and outdoors, respectively. Meanwhile, at workplaces, indoor air levels ranged from 5.86 to 40.4 μg m(-3). These levels are in agreement with data found in the scientific literature. Non-carcinogenic risks were above the threshold limit (HQ > 1), and carcinogenic risks were not acceptable either (>10(-4)). Despite the current study limitations, the results confirm that formaldehyde indoor levels are a matter of health concern, which must be taken into account by policymakers and regulatory bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Rovira
- a Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Catalonia , Spain
- b Environmental Engineering Laboratory , Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Neus Roig
- a Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Catalonia , Spain
- b Environmental Engineering Laboratory , Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- a Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- a Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Catalonia , Spain
- b Environmental Engineering Laboratory , Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- a Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Catalonia , Spain
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Syed M, Chopra R, Sachdev V. Allergic Reactions to Dental Materials-A Systematic Review. J Clin Diagn Res 2015; 9:ZE04-9. [PMID: 26557634 PMCID: PMC4625353 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2015/15640.6589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Utility of various dental materials ranging from diagnosis to rehabilitation for the management of oral diseases are not devoid of posing a potential risk of inducing allergic reactions to the patient, technician and dentist. This review aims to develop a systematic approach for the selection and monitoring of dental materials available in the market thereby giving an insight to predict their risk of inducing allergic reactions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our data included 71 relevant articles which included 60 case reports, 8 prospective studies and 3 retrospective studies. The source of these articles was Pub Med search done with the following terms: allergies to impression materials, sodium hypochlorite, Ledermix paste, zinc oxide eugenol, formaldehyde, Latex gloves, Methyl methacrylate, fissure sealant, composites, mercury, Nickel-chromium, Titanium, polishing paste and local anaesthesia. All the relevant articles and their references were analysed. The clinical manifestations of allergy to different dental materials based on different case reports were reviewed. RESULTS After reviewing the literature, we found that the dental material reported to cause most adverse reactions in patients is amalgam and the incidence of oral lichenoid reactions adjacent to amalgam restorations occur more often than other dental materials. CONCLUSION The most common allergic reactions in dental staff are allergies to latex, acrylates and formaldehyde. While polymethylmethacrylates and latex trigger delayed hypersensitivity reactions, sodium metabisulphite and nickel cause immediate reactions. Over the last few years, due to the rise in number of patients with allergies from different materials, the practicing dentists should have knowledge about documented allergies to known materials and thus avoid such allergic manifestations in the dental clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Syed
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Pedodontics, ITS-CDSR Centre for Dental studies and Research, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Radhika Chopra
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS-CDSR Centre for Dental studies and Research, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Sachdev
- Professor, HOD and Principal, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, ITS-CDSR Centre for Dental studies and Research, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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González-Muñoz P, Conde-Salazar L, Vañó-Galván S. Allergic Contact Dermatitis Caused by Cosmetic Products. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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González-Muñoz P, Conde-Salazar L, Vañó-Galván S. Dermatitis alérgica de contacto a cosméticos. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2014; 105:822-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Antiseptic drugs and disinfectants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-62635-6.00024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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