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Barenghi L, Barenghi A, Garagiola U, Di Blasio A, Giannì AB, Spadari F. Pros and Cons of CAD/CAM Technology for Infection Prevention in Dental Settings during COVID-19 Outbreak. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:49. [PMID: 35009586 PMCID: PMC8747329 DOI: 10.3390/s22010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this commentary is to update the evidence reported in our previous review on the advantages and limitations of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing technology in the promotion of dental business, as well as to guarantee patient and occupational safety. The COVID-19 pandemic led to an unprecedented focus on infection prevention; however, waves of COVID-19 follow one another, asymptomatic cases are nearly impossible to identify by triage in a dental setting, and the effectiveness of long-lasting immune protection through vaccination remains largely unknown. Different national laws and international guidelines (mainly USA-CDC, ECDC) have often brought about dissimilar awareness and operational choices, and in general, there has been very limited attention to this technology. Here, we discuss its advantages and limitations in light of: (a) presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the oral cavity, saliva, and dental biofilm and activation of dormant microbial infections; (b) the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission by aerosol and fomite contamination; (c) the detection of various oral manifestations of COVID-19; (d) specific information for the reprocessing of the scanner tip and the ward from the manufacturers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Barenghi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (U.G.); (A.B.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Alberto Barenghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centro di Odontoiatria, Parma University, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Umberto Garagiola
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (U.G.); (A.B.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Alberto Di Blasio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Centro di Odontoiatria, Parma University, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.B.); (A.D.B.)
| | - Aldo Bruno Giannì
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (U.G.); (A.B.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Spadari
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (U.G.); (A.B.G.); (F.S.)
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A commentary on a flawed public health investigation. CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 2021; 47:500-502. [PMID: 34880712 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v47i11a10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of hepatitis C being transmitted between dental patients was the genesis of an extensive and expensive look-back investigation conducted by an Ontario Public Health Unit. This investigation was performed with a minimal knowledge of nosocomial infections of dental origin, an enthusiastic reliance on untested checklist indicators and an absence of any of the criteria justifying such an investigation. As a consequence, the entire exercise was based on the false premise that an infection control lapse had occurred. This commentary will address these flaws, and other aspects of the Public Health Unit's response that detracted from its credibility. The provision of a realistic assessment of disease transmission in dentistry should result in Public Health Units conducting informed and mutually beneficial inspections of dental practices.
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Medicolegal Causation Investigation of Bacterial Endocarditis Associated with an Oral Surgery Practice Using the INFERENCE Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147530. [PMID: 34299979 PMCID: PMC8305199 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigating causation is a primary goal in forensic/legal medicine, aiming to establish the connection between an unlawful/negligent act and an adverse outcome. In malpractice litigation involving a healthcare-associated infection due to a failure of infection prevention and control practices, the medicolegal causal analysis needs to quantify the individual causal probabilities to meet the evidentiary requirements of the court. In this paper, we present the investigation of the most probable cause of bacterial endocarditis in a patient who underwent an invasive procedure at a dental/oral surgical practice where an outbreak of bacterial endocarditis had already been identified by the state Department of Health. We assessed the probability that the patient’s endocarditis was part of the outbreak versus that it was an unrelated sporadic infection using the INFERENCE (Integration of Forensic Epidemiology and the Rigorous Evaluation of Causation Elements) approach to medicolegal causation analysis. This paper describes the step-by-step application of the INFERENCE approach to demonstrate its utility in quantifying the probability of causation. The use of INFERENCE provides the court with an evidence-based, transparent, and reliable guide to determine liability, causation, and damages.
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Pandora's box in the dental clinic. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2021; 43:742-746. [PMID: 34011423 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In June 2018, the Ministry of Health received notification from 2 hospitals about 2 patients who presented with overwhelming Enterobacter kobei sepsis that developed within 24 hours after a dental procedure. We describe the investigation of this outbreak. METHODS The epidemiologic investigation included site visits in 2 dental clinics and interviews with all involved healthcare workers. Chart reviews were conducted for case and control subjects. Samples were taken from medications and antiseptics, environmental surfaces, dental water systems, and from the involved healthcare professionals. Isolate similarity was assessed using repetitive element sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR). RESULTS The 2 procedures were conducted in different dental clinics by different surgeons and dental technicians. A single anesthesiologist administered the systemic anesthetic in both cases. Cultures from medications, fluids and healthcare workers' hands were negative, but E. kobei was detected from the anesthesiologist's portable medication cart. The 2 human isolates and the environmental isolate shared the same REP-PCR fingerprinting profile. None of the 21 patients treated by the anesthesiologist in a general hospital during the same period, using the hospital's medications, developed infection following surgery. CONCLUSIONS An outbreak of post-dental-procedure sepsis was linked to a contaminated medication cart, emphasizing the importance of medication storage standards and strict aseptic technique when preparing intravenous drugs during anesthesia. Immediate reporting of sepsis following these outpatient procedures enabled early identification and termination of the outbreak.
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Resende KKM, Neves LF, de Rezende Costa Nagib L, Martins LJO, Costa CRR. Educator and Student Hand Hygiene Adherence in Dental Schools: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Dent Educ 2019; 83:575-584. [PMID: 30804172 DOI: 10.21815/jde.019.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Health professionals and their patients are subject to cross-contamination and potential exposure to harmful infectious diseases. A common form of cross-contamination is through dental procedures without proper instrument care and lack of hand hygiene. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the published research on the adherence of educators and students in academic dental institutions to hand hygiene procedures. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and included articles collected in the Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The initial search identified 1,196 articles. Ultimately, three studies were included for qualitative synthesis and two for the meta-analysis. The three articles had similar characteristics of observational hand hygiene research involving educators and dental students. In all three, hand hygiene among dental students did not reach 50% of the total number of opportunities, which is a troubling result. Although the hand hygiene rate of educators was higher than that of dental students, these findings point to a need to further promote hand hygiene to future professionals to avoid cross-contamination between health professionals and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemelly Karolliny Moreira Resende
- Kemelly Karolliny Moreira Resende is a graduate student, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; Layla Ferreira Neves is a graduate student, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; Leonardo de Rezende Costa Nagib is a postgraduate student, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil; Lázara Joyce Oliveira Martins is Professor, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; and Cláudio Rodrigues Rezende Costa is Professor, Universidade de Rio Verde, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Layla Ferreira Neves
- Kemelly Karolliny Moreira Resende is a graduate student, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; Layla Ferreira Neves is a graduate student, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; Leonardo de Rezende Costa Nagib is a postgraduate student, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil; Lázara Joyce Oliveira Martins is Professor, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; and Cláudio Rodrigues Rezende Costa is Professor, Universidade de Rio Verde, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Rezende Costa Nagib
- Kemelly Karolliny Moreira Resende is a graduate student, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; Layla Ferreira Neves is a graduate student, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; Leonardo de Rezende Costa Nagib is a postgraduate student, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil; Lázara Joyce Oliveira Martins is Professor, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; and Cláudio Rodrigues Rezende Costa is Professor, Universidade de Rio Verde, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Lázara Joyce Oliveira Martins
- Kemelly Karolliny Moreira Resende is a graduate student, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; Layla Ferreira Neves is a graduate student, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; Leonardo de Rezende Costa Nagib is a postgraduate student, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil; Lázara Joyce Oliveira Martins is Professor, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; and Cláudio Rodrigues Rezende Costa is Professor, Universidade de Rio Verde, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Rodrigues Rezende Costa
- Kemelly Karolliny Moreira Resende is a graduate student, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; Layla Ferreira Neves is a graduate student, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; Leonardo de Rezende Costa Nagib is a postgraduate student, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil; Lázara Joyce Oliveira Martins is Professor, Universidade de Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil; and Cláudio Rodrigues Rezende Costa is Professor, Universidade de Rio Verde, Faculty of Dentistry, Rio Verde, Brazil.
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Biosurveillance and Dentistry. HEALTH INFORMATICS 2019. [PMCID: PMC7124043 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98298-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Events of public health concern continue to present a challenge for the general population. A key element to address appropriate health responses is the establishment of modern public health surveillance mechanisms. In this chapter we explore possible scenarios/use cases where dentists can use electronic dental record technology to increase the accuracy, coverage, and timeliness of existing public health surveillance efforts. We identify organizational, technical, and regulatory elements that influence the adoption of such approaches and possible benefits when integrated to the public health system at large.
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