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Lowe RD, Monk RL, Qureshi AW, Fernandez-Montalvo J, Heim D. A cross-national study of predrinking motives in Spain and the UK: Cross-sectional associations with risk-taking and alcohol consumption. Addict Behav 2023; 141:107641. [PMID: 36746105 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study contrasts young people's predrinking in two European cultural contexts: Spain and the UK. Whilst UK predrinking typically occurs amongst small groups of individuals who already know one another, the distinctive Spanish context of the Botellón details a far larger gathering in which participants may be less likely to know each other. As such, predrinking motives which drive consumption and risk-taking may be expected to vary between these cultures. An online questionnaire (N = 397; UK = 167, Spain = 230) was used to examine a variety of drinking behaviours and associated beliefs/motivations including predrinking motivations, drinking behaviour, and risk taking. Path analysis was used to analyse both direct and indirect relationships between the measures with the aim of predicting problem alcohol consumption with the most parsimonious model. Varying (in)direct paths were observed between predrinking motives and alcohol consumption between the cultures. Most notably and pointing towards inconsistency in the drivers of young adults' drinking, fun predrinking motives featured prominently among Spanish respondents and predicted their reported consumption (not so in the UK), while conviviality was a more prevalent predrinking motive in the UK sample and associated with alcohol consumption (not the case in Spain). Further, (personal) risky behaviour and risk-taking predicted consumption in both samples, suggesting the importance of group norms and behaviours in predrinking activity, irrespective of alcohol consumption. These findings highlight the potential importance of the environment in which young people predrink. Given their importance in shaping alcohol consumption and risk taking in young people, cultural differences in predrinking contexts and motives warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Lowe
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK.
| | - Rebecca L Monk
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, UK; Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adam W Qureshi
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, UK; Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Derek Heim
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, UK; Liverpool Centre for Alcohol Research, Liverpool, UK
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2
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Sorbello JG, Devilly GJ, Hughes LRJ, Piron KM. This is the rhythm of the night: Examining the phases of a night-out on preloading motivations and intentions to backload. Addict Behav 2023; 138:107551. [PMID: 36423570 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Field research into the preloading phenomena has rarely examined how patrons move and transition into target events. We conceptualised three phases of the night (PotN) - entering, within and leaving - which a patron can be intercepted by a research group. Our research tested the differences between the PotN on preloading, preloading motivations and alcohol consuming behaviours in a popular night-time entertainment district (NED). METHODS The sample comprised 1,585 young-adult patrons (934 Men, 651 Women; ages 18-27 years) collected in a cross-sectional design over three PotN. We measured the patron's preloading motivations, current alcohol intoxication and backloading intentions between three different phases of a night-out on Thursday, Friday and Saturday nights, from 9:00p.m. - 4:00 a.m. in Brisbane NEDs (Queensland, Australia). RESULTS The phases contributed to a difference in preloading rates - one that decreased over the night (p <.001). Between the phases, the motivation of 'saving money' (≈45%) decreased as a reason for preloading and to 'socialise' (≈20%) increased. Enhancement-based preloading motivations (i.e., 'enjoy the feeling' and 'get drunk') were related to increased alcohol intoxication and backloading intentions at different PotN. However, 'saving money' motivations were also associated with a decrease in alcohol intoxication and backloading intentions (i.e., planning to return home to continue alcohol consumption). CONCLUSIONS Preloading is valued highly by patrons when proximal to the actual preloading. There is a difference between the PotN on preloading rates, preloading motivations, intentions to backload and drinking outcomes as patrons shift from preloading, to entering the NED, to eventually leaving.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grant J Devilly
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia; Griffith Criminology Institute, Australia
| | - Lee R J Hughes
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Kurt M Piron
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Australia
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3
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Cameron MP, Miller PG, Roskruge M. Side-loading prevalence and intoxication in the night-time economy. Addict Behav Rep 2022; 15:100403. [PMID: 35028409 PMCID: PMC8739460 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A substantial minority of the ambient population in the night-time economy had engaged in side-loading. Unlike pre-drinking, side-loading was not statistically significantly associated with greater levels of intoxication (as measured by breath alcohol content). Side-loading might not be used as a method for drinkers to enhance intoxication, but instead as a means of sustaining a target level of intoxication.
Although pre-drinking has attracted considerable research interest, side-loading (any drinking occurring outside of licensed premises during a night out, and excluding drinking at home) is comparatively under-studied. In this paper, we investigate the prevalence of side-loading behaviour and intoxication in the night-time economy of Hamilton, New Zealand’s fourth-largest city. Using a street-intercept survey conducted over six nights (n = 469) in March and April 2019, we found that 17.5% of research participants (82/469), and 19.9% of drinkers (82/413), had engaged in side-loading. Of those engaging in side-loading, the majority did so in a car (61.0%), with smaller proportions engaging in side-loading in the street (17.1%), a carpark (12.2%), or somewhere else (13.4%). Men were significantly more likely than women to engage in side-loading behaviour (p = 0.001). In linear models controlling for time of the night, day of the week, and demographic variables, side-loading was not statistically significantly associated with breath alcohol content. This contrasts with pre-drinking, which was associated with statistically significantly higher breath alcohol content. Our results suggest that side-loading might not be used as a method for drinkers to enhance intoxication, but instead as a means of sustaining a target level of intoxication during an evening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Cameron
- School of Accounting, Finance and Economics, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.,Te Ngira - Institute for Population Research, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Peter G Miller
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Matthew Roskruge
- School of Economics and Finance, Massey University, Private Bag 102904, Auckland 0745, New Zealand
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de Andrade D, Coomber K, Ferris J, PuljeviĆ C, Burn M, Vakidis T, Taylor N, Mayshak R, Grant K, Patafio B, Miller PG. The impact of changes to alcohol policy on patron drinking behaviours in Queensland. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 40:728-737. [PMID: 34015155 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION On 1 July 2016, stage 1 of the Tackling Alcohol-Fuelled Violence (TAFV) policy was introduced in Queensland, Australia and included restricted alcohol service to 03:00 in dedicated entertainment precincts (safe night precincts or SNPs). During stage 2 (from 1 February 2017), the number of extended trading permits (i.e. trading until 05:00) per venue were reduced; and during stage 3 (from 1 July 2017), networked identification scanners were mandated for late-night venues. We aim to examine whether patron drinking behaviours in two key SNPs changed significantly following stages 2 and 3. METHODS The study design was repeated cross-sectional, with three data collection (policy) stages. Patrons street surveys were conducted in Fortitude Valley (n = 2066) and Cairns (n = 1021) SNPs between July 2016 and November 2018. Linear or negative binomial regressions were conducted to examine changes in three key outcomes: blood alcohol concentration (BAC) reading, proportion of pre-drinkers and number of pre-drinks. RESULTS We found no significant difference in BAC reading, proportion of pre-drinkers or number of pre-drinks at stages 2 and 3 of the policy compared to baseline in Fortitude Valley. In Cairns, we found significant reductions in patron BAC at stage 3 of the policy, and female BAC at stages 2 and 3 compared to baseline; while the proportion of females pre-drinking significantly reduced by half in stage 2. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Despite evidence of some reductions in alcohol consumption, high levels of intoxication remain, suggesting harm reduction may be more difficult to achieve in these drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique de Andrade
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kerri Coomber
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jason Ferris
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cheneal PuljeviĆ
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michele Burn
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Thea Vakidis
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | | | - Kristy Grant
- College of Public Health, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | | | - Peter G Miller
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Menzies Research Institute, Darwin, Australia
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5
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Abstract
Background: Pre-loading of alcohol and other drugs has become a prevalent start to nights out in many countries. Studies into pre-loading have been using different operational definitions and descriptions, leading to confusion and debate in the research literature. Purpose/Objective: We wish to propose a full taxonomy so that research into preloading, of any substances, can be specific and standardized. Methods: We address this problem by analyzing (1) terminology used throughout the literature, (2) the evolving nature of this phenomenon, and (3) the operational components comprising this substance use practice. Additionally, we provide a context and rationale for how we view pre-loading in relation to the broader event-level session. Results: Our results propose a full operational definition and taxonomy of pre-loading to be used, and built upon, by researchers. We also provide a visual representation of pre-loading within an event-level session and provide a method to facilitate consistency across cultures. Conclusions: We propose that this system will lead to greater specificity and higher reliability in the interpretation of research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee R J Hughes
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Australia.,Griffith Criminology Institute, Mount Gravatt, Australia
| | - Grant J Devilly
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Australia.,Griffith Criminology Institute, Mount Gravatt, Australia
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Herold MD, Hunt G. Drinking comfortably? Gender and affect among Danish pre-partiers. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2019; 81:102522. [PMID: 31400943 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between youthful drinking practices and gender within the domestic pre-party (prior to a night out), an arena, which has been relatively ignored in existing qualitative research on youthful alcohol use. An examination of the relationships between gender and drinking practices in this context is important for three reasons. First, pre-parties are associated with heavy drinking, which has traditionally been associated with masculinity. Second, because pre-drinking takes place in the private sphere of the home, it is therefore 'controlled' in terms of who can participate and hence what precisely is the gender composition. Third, whilst being located in the private sphere of the home, pre-party practices are nevertheless informed by the (hyper) gendered environments of public drinking spaces in the Night-Time Economy (NTE), most dominantly mainstream clubs and bars. We suggest that such characteristics allow for the emergence of specific gendered relationships, activities and affectivities, thereby demarcating the pre-party as a particular gendered drinking space. METHODS We draw on narrative data from 140 in-depth face-to-face interviews with young Danish alcohol users between 18-25 years of age. The interviews were part of a large-scale research project on the gendered aspects of youthful alcohol use and intoxication. Theoretically, we draw on a combination of the 'doing gender' paradigm (West & Zimmerman, 1987) and affect theoretical notions on (un)comfortability (Ahmed, 2014). We propose that these perspectives mark out the pre-party as a particularly gendered drinking space. RESULTS While our analysis supports the observation of existing qualitative studies, that pre-partying is not merely motivated by the possibility of becoming intoxicated in a cheap and un-surveilled way before going out, we especially argue that pre-partying is fueled by a desire for 'comfortability', which seems almost impossible to disassemble from the gendering that pre-partying also entails. Our analysis therefore contributes to the ongoing academic discussion around the relationship between 'intoxicated femininity' and 'intoxicated masculinity' by suggesting that we need to take the affective implications of young people's (gendered) drinking practices into account in a thorough discussion of the relationship between youthful alcohol use and gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dich Herold
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Geoffrey Hunt
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute for Scientific Analysis, Alameda, California, USA
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Chaney BH, Martin RJ, Barry AE, Lee JGL, Cremeens-Matthews J, Stellefson ML. Pregaming: A Field-Based Investigation of Alcohol Quantities Consumed Prior to Visiting a Bar and Restaurant District. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1017-1023. [PMID: 30614346 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1558252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigations examining the association between pregaming, or the consumption of alcohol prior to attending a social gathering or drinking establishment, and blood alcohol concentrations have primarily relied on estimations (i.e., Widmark equation), rather than objective biologic samples, such as breath alcohol concentration (BrAC). OBJECTIVES The current study assessed: (1) pregaming, using quantity-based measures, among a sample of college and non-college affiliated bar patrons, (2) associations between pregaming intensity/status and participant intoxication (BrAC), and (3) whether participants who pregamed were more likely to identify as a hazardous drinker. METHODS 548 bar patrons provided data on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) and a single pregaming item assessing quantity of alcohol consumed prior to visiting a bar/restaurant district in 2015. BrAC samples were collected post interview. We used hierarchical linear regression models, respectively, to assess whether pregaming significantly impacted BrAC and whether presence of hazardous drinking predicted pregaming behavior. RESULTS After controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, age, student status, and Greek affiliation, the linear regression model explained 32.3% (R2 = .323) of the variance of BrAC levels (F(12) = 21.162, p < .001), with 4.30% of the variance explained solely by pregaming (β = 0.014; p < .001). The linear regression model to assess if harzardous drinking behavior (AUDIT-C) significantly predicted pregaming explained 31.2% (R2 = .312) of the variance of pregaming behavior (F(18) = 13.276, p < .001), with 4.2% of the variance explained solely by AUDIT-C scores (β = 0.280; p < .001). CONCLUSION Findings further highlight pregaming as a harmful risk behavior linked to elevated levels of hazardous drinking and intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth H Chaney
- a Department of Health Education & Promotion , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Ryan J Martin
- a Department of Health Education & Promotion , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Adam E Barry
- b Division of Health Education, Department of Health & Kinesiology , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas , USA
| | - Joseph G L Lee
- a Department of Health Education & Promotion , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Jennifer Cremeens-Matthews
- a Department of Health Education & Promotion , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
| | - Michael L Stellefson
- a Department of Health Education & Promotion , East Carolina University , Greenville , North Carolina , USA
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8
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Howard AR, Albery IP, Frings D, Spada MM, Moss AC. Pre-partying Amongst Students in the UK: Measuring Motivations and Consumption Levels Across Different Educational Contexts. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:1519-1529. [PMID: 31068033 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2019.1590414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We sought to explore the motivations for pre-partying amongst UK student drinkers who reported pre-partying at least once per month. Two distinct educational settings were included: colleges, where the majority of students are below the legal age for drinking, and university, where all students would be legally allowed to drink. A cross-sectional correlational design was adopted. Ninety-four college (16-18 years) and 138 university students (18-28 years) from the UK completed an online survey, of whom 54.7% and 86.9% reported pre-partying at least once per month, respectively. Alcohol use was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - Consumption (AUDIT-C) and pre-partying motivations were assessed using the Pre-partying Motivations Inventory (PMI). Frequency of pre-partying behavior and the number of units consumed was also recorded. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that, for college students, AUDIT-C positively predicted pre-partying frequency, while gender and AUDIT-C positively predicted the units of alcohol consumed but Barriers to Consumption (BC) negatively predicted units consumed. Among university students AUDIT-C and Interpersonal Enhancement predicted pre-partying frequency, and AUDIT-C predicted the amount of pre-partying units consumed. Different motives for pre-partying motives were identified across two distinct educational settings. The finding that BC negatively correlated with the amount of alcohol consumed amongst younger college students requires further study, as it contradicts previous work in this area, but is consistent with findings that availability predicts alcohol intake. Understanding differences in drinking behavior between age groups is a key finding, which will allow future research to track developmental influences on the effectiveness of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R Howard
- a Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences , London South Bank University , London , UK
| | - Ian P Albery
- a Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences , London South Bank University , London , UK
| | - Daniel Frings
- a Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences , London South Bank University , London , UK
| | - Marcantonio M Spada
- a Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences , London South Bank University , London , UK
| | - Antony C Moss
- a Centre for Addictive Behaviours Research, School of Applied Sciences , London South Bank University , London , UK
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Wilson J, Ogeil RP, Lam T, Lenton S, Lloyd B, Burns L, Aiken A, Gilmore W, Chikritzhs T, Mattick R, Lubman DI, Allsop S. Re-thinking pre-drinking: Implications from a sample of teenagers who drink in private settings. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2017; 52:20-24. [PMID: 29227879 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Wilson
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, 7 Parker Place, Building 609, Level 2, Technology Park, Bentley 6102, Western Australia, Australia; Turning Point, Eastern Health, 54-62 Gertrude St., Fitzroy 3065, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rowan P Ogeil
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, 54-62 Gertrude St., Fitzroy 3065, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Level 2, 5 Arnold St., Box Hill 3128, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tina Lam
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, 7 Parker Place, Building 609, Level 2, Technology Park, Bentley 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon Lenton
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, 7 Parker Place, Building 609, Level 2, Technology Park, Bentley 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Belinda Lloyd
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, 54-62 Gertrude St., Fitzroy 3065, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Level 2, 5 Arnold St., Box Hill 3128, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucy Burns
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 22-32 King St., Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 22-32 King St., Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - William Gilmore
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, 7 Parker Place, Building 609, Level 2, Technology Park, Bentley 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Tanya Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, 7 Parker Place, Building 609, Level 2, Technology Park, Bentley 6102, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Richard Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, 22-32 King St., Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dan I Lubman
- Turning Point, Eastern Health, 54-62 Gertrude St., Fitzroy 3065, Victoria, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Level 2, 5 Arnold St., Box Hill 3128, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Allsop
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, 7 Parker Place, Building 609, Level 2, Technology Park, Bentley 6102, Western Australia, Australia
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Labhart F, Ferris J, Winstock A, Kuntsche E. The country-level effects of drinking, heavy drinking and drink prices on pre-drinking: An international comparison of 25 countries. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017; 36:742-750. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Labhart
- Addiction Switzerland Research Institute; Lausanne Switzerland
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences; Utrecht University; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Jason Ferris
- Institute for Social Science Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Adam Winstock
- University College London; London UK
- Global Drug Survey Ltd.; London UK
| | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Addiction Switzerland Research Institute; Lausanne Switzerland
- Behavioural Science Institute; Radboud University; Nijmegen the Netherlands
- Institute of Psychology; Eötvös Loránd University; Budapest Hungary
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